EP3311448B1 - Terminal terrestre de télécommunication par satellite utilisant un duplexeur à surface sélective en fréquence - Google Patents
Terminal terrestre de télécommunication par satellite utilisant un duplexeur à surface sélective en fréquence Download PDFInfo
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- EP3311448B1 EP3311448B1 EP16734113.0A EP16734113A EP3311448B1 EP 3311448 B1 EP3311448 B1 EP 3311448B1 EP 16734113 A EP16734113 A EP 16734113A EP 3311448 B1 EP3311448 B1 EP 3311448B1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
Definitions
- the disclosed technology relates generally to satellite ground terminals, and more particularly, some embodiments relate to satellite ground terminals utilizing a frequency-selective surface module as a frequency duplexer.
- Satellite ground terminals such as the very small aperture terminal (VSAT) enable duplex communication within a communication network via a single reflector antenna system.
- the data signal transmitted from the VSAT to the satellite is called the uplink signal
- the data signal received by the VSAT from the satellite is called the downlink signal.
- the VSAT 100 is feed fed, meaning that a transceiver module 102 with a feed horn antenna located at the focal point of the reflector dish 104 of the VSAT 100 radiates the reflector dish, as illustrated in Figure 1 .
- the reflector dish 104 focuses the downlink signal 106 from the satellite to the feed horn of the transceiver module 102.
- the reflector dish transforms a spherical uplink signal radiated by the feed horn antenna of the transceiver module into a planar uplink signal for transmission to the satellite.
- a single feed horn antenna is configured to receive and transmit both uplink and downlink signals over a particular band of frequencies, such as K a band, K u band, C, or other frequency bands.
- the design of the feed horn antenna must account for the differences between the uplink communication path and the downlink communication path. A balance must be struck between the gain requirements of the downlink path and the specific envelope standards for the uplink signal dictated by governmental regulations, such as those promulgated by the FCC.
- the uplink signal It is necessary to separate the uplink signal from the downlink signal conveyed by the feed horn antenna.
- several waveguide devices are attached to the feed horn antenna. Each signal travels at slightly different frequencies within a specific frequency band. For example, some satellite communication occurs over the 30/20 GHz band, with the uplink signal at 30 GHz and the downlink signal at 20 GHz.
- the waveguide components act to separate the signals and transfer each separate signal to the correct processing circuitry for each communication path. Such separation is necessary to protect the low-power downlink side components from the high-power uplink signal.
- the waveguide components are machined from metals, such as copper, aluminum, brass, and zinc, adding extra weight to the system that must be supported by the mast of the VSAT.
- metals such as copper, aluminum, brass, and zinc
- it is expensive to machine the different waveguide devices, such as the orthomode transducer, due to the high precision necessary to achieve operational requirements.
- US 2003/234745 discloses a dual-band high efficiency hybrid offset reflector antenna system that includes a low frequency antenna including a paraboloidal main offset reflector for reflecting a low frequency signal, as well as a high frequency antenn including both the main offset reflector and a hyperboloidal subreflector for reflecting a high frequency signal discrete from the low frequency signal.
- the hyperboloidal subreflector includes a frequency selective surface that passes the low frequency signal reflected by the paraboloidal main offset reflector with low subreflector diffraction loss, and that is highly reflective at the high frequency.
- EP0689264 describes an antenna with one feed for an S-band electromagnetic signal, and a second feed constructed as an array of radiators to service two C-band signal channels.
- a subreflector having a microwave frequency selective surface (FSS) is placed in front of a main reflector.
- the lower frequency S-band feed is located behind and to the side of the subreflector for transmission of radiation via a folded optical path to the main reflector.
- the C-band feed is located in front of and to the side of the subreflector for transmission of radiation along a straight path through the FSS to the main reflector.
- FSS microwave frequency selective surface
- Dichroic Antenna Reflector for Space Applications by A. Derneryd et al., Ericsson Review, Konaktiebolaget L M Ericsson, SE, (19910101), vol. 68, no. 2, ISSN 0014-0171, pages 22 - 33, XP000233162 , discloses a frequency selective surface consisting of a metallic pattern on a carrier made of dielectric material.
- the frequency selective surface acts as a subreflector, which gives access to both primary and secondary foci. Signals from the feed horns in the secondary focus are reflected, while at the same time, the surface is almost completely transparent to the lower frequencies from the feed horns in the primary focus.
- WO02073740 describes a multi-band reflector antenna having a main reflector defining a prime focus and a frequency selective surface sub-reflector defining an image focus.
- One or more transmitter or receiver feeds are provided at each of the prime focus and image focus.
- the antenna supports ka-band two-way broadband Internet access bundled with multi-satellite Ku-band direct broadcast television service.
- JP S54 114065 discloses an antenna system including a main reflector and a primary feed, together with a secondary reflector to guide the wave radiated from the feed toward the main reflector
- VSAT very small aperture terminal
- a system for conducting duplex satellite communication using a single VSAT without the need for expensive and heavy waveguide devices attached to the antenna.
- a frequency- selective surface module including a frequency-selective surface placed within the optical path between the reflector and the focal point of the reflector acts as a frequency duplexer to separate the uplink from the downlink signal.
- the components of the transmit communication path and the receive communication path may be independently located within the VSAT. This enables optimization of the feed horn antenna and other components connected to each separate communication path, eliminating the need to tradeoff between efficiency and isolation as required when both communication paths are co-located.
- Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein are directed toward a device for duplex satellite communication over a single antenna. More particularly, various embodiments of the technology disclosed herein relate to a satellite ground terminal utilizing a frequency-selective surface module including a frequency-selective surface as a sub-reflector acting as a frequency duplexer to separate the uplink and downlink signals.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a traditional transceiver module 200 used to separate the uplink and downlink signals in a VSAT, such as the VSAT 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the components of transceiver module 200 is referred to as the outdoor unit (ODU) of the VSAT.
- a feed horn antenna 202 is positioned at the focal point of a reflector dish and conveys both the uplink signal and the downlink signal over a data signal 204. Attached to the feed horn antenna 202 is an orthomode transducer (OMT) 206.
- OMT orthomode transducer
- the OMT 206 serves to combine or separate the uplink signal 208 and the downlink signal 210.
- the OMT 206 orthogonally polarizes an uplink signal 208 and downlink signal 210 such that the two signals are at 90° to each other. Orthogonally polarizing the signals allows for greater isolation and decreased interference between the signals.
- the OMT 206 directs the downlink signal 210 to the downlink signal path.
- the uplink signal 208 enters the OMT 206 from a block-up converter (BUC) 212.
- the BUC 212 converts signals received from a subscriber's indoor unit (IDU) from a lower frequency to a higher frequency.
- the BUC 212 converts the signal such that it falls within one of the radio spectrum bands identified for satellite communication, such as the K u band, K a band, C band, or other radio frequency band.
- the downlink signal 210 enters a low-noise block (LNB) 216.
- the LNB 216 combines several different components, such as a low-noise amplifier, local oscillator, and frequency mixer, to convert the downlink signal into a range of intermediate frequencies (IF) for carrying the received signal from the VSAT to the IDU using coaxial cable or other inexpensive connector.
- the downlink path may include additional waveguide elements, such as frequency filter 214.
- the traditional ODU components are machined from metals, such as copper, aluminum, brass, and zinc.
- Each additional component adds weight to the VSAT, which should be taken into consideration in designing the overall VSAT. Machining of the ODU components is also expensive. Precise machining is desired for each waveguide component to meet the operational requirements of the VSAT, based on the material, operating frequencies, and filtering needs.
- a single feed horn antenna requires design trade-offs between the uplink signal and the downlink signal.
- For the downlink signal a higher gain results in greater efficiency in the downlink communication path.
- regulatory rules govern how the uplink signal must operate within the communication band.
- a trade-off may occasionally be made to sacrifice higher gain to ensure that the uplink signal meets the mandated specifications of the communication band, as outlined by regulatory bodies like the FCC. Separating the components of the two signal paths increases the ability to optimize each signal path individually. Further, such separation also provides complete physical isolation of the two signal paths. This isolation may reduce potential interference between the transmit and receive signals on the different signal paths.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example VSAT 300 implementing a frequency-selective surface module in accordance with the present disclosure.
- the general operation of VSAT 300 is the same as the operation of VSAT 100.
- VSAT 300 includes a main reflector dish 302, a first feed 304, and a second feed 306.
- the first feed 304 and the second feed 306 each include a separate feed horn antenna.
- Signal 310 indicates an example signal path between main reflector dish 302 and first feed 304.
- signal 312 indicates a signal path between main reflector dish 302 and second feed 306.
- first feed 304 is connected to the uplink signal path and the second feed 306 is connected to the downlink signal path.
- first feed 304 is connected to the downlink signal path and the second feed 306 is connected to the uplink signal path.
- each feed may include a feed horn antenna designed to optimize its respectively assigned uplink signal path or the downlink signal path.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 includes a support structure such as, for example, a block of material or a plate, and the support structure includes a frequency-selective surface on at least one face thereof.
- the frequency-selective surface in some embodiments includes periodic metallic patches designed to be transparent to a range of frequencies, but reflective to others.
- the in-band frequencies are capable of passing through the frequency-selective surface, without any effect on the in-band frequencies path of propagation, while the out-band frequencies are reflected off of the frequency-selective surface.
- the frequency selective surface is configured to transmit or reflect the RF signals based on their frequency. Accordingly, the frequency-selective surface is configured to act as a filter, such as a pass-band filter. Which frequencies are capable of passing through the frequency-selective surface and which frequencies are reflected depends on the pattern of metallic or dielectric elements embodied on the frequency-selective surface. In other embodiments, the frequency selective surface can comprise a thin surface such as a metallic or dielectric screen or mesh.
- a frequency-selective surface module 308 is mounted so that it is positioned within the signal path between the main reflector dish 302 and the first feed 304 located at or near the focal point of the main reflector dish 302.
- the first feed 304 may be located before or after the focal point of the main reflector dish, as long as the phase center of the feed horn of the first feed 304 is located at the focal point of the main reflector dish.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 is configured to allow signal 310 to pass through the frequency-selective surface module 308 without materially altering the signal path or attenuating the signal 310.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 is configured such that signal 312 is reflected off of the frequency selective surface to direct signal 312 between main reflector dish 302 and second feed 306.
- uplink signal 310 emanates from first feed 304, is allowed to pass through frequency-selective surface module 308 and is reflected off main reflector dish 302 for transmission to the satellite.
- downlink signal 312 from the satellite is reflected off main reflector dish 302 and subsequently reflected off the frequency-selective surface module 308 and directed toward second feed 306.
- uplink signal 312 emanates from second feed 306 is reflected off the frequency-selective surface module 308 and directed toward main reflector dish 302.
- Main reflector dish 302 directs the uplink signal 312 toward the satellite.
- Receive signal 310 is reflected by main reflector dish 302 toward first feed 304.
- Receive signal 310 is allowed to pass through frequency-selective surface module 308 without material attenuation or alteration of its path.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 may be constructed using a non-conductive or dielectric base onto which conductive (e.g., metallic) elements are placed.
- the conductive elements can be placed in a regular or periodic pattern that is dimensioned to allow one signal at a first frequency (e.g. signal 310) to pass through the frequency-selective surface module 308 without materially attenuating the signal or materially altering the signal path.
- the patterns can be implemented in various frequency-selective patterns such as, for example, strip gratings having a periodic array of conductive strips; resonant structures such as linear, convoluted and crossed dipoles; mesh or cross-mesh patterns; or other suitable patterns or arrangements.
- three-dimensional structures such as, for example, photonic crystals may be used to provide a frequency selective material.
- the conductive patterns can be disposed on a surface of the frequency-selective surface module 308 using any of a number of suitable patterning techniques including, for example, printing or screen printing with conductive inks, patterning conductive paints, photolithography processes, and so on.
- the metallic traces may be made of conductive materials such as silver, copper, gold or other conductive elements or alloys.
- the non-conductive base may be made using reinforced resins and epoxies (e.g. glass or fiberglass reinforced resins and epoxies such as FR-4), phenolics, plastics, glass, fiberglass and others.
- selective surface module 308 can be fabricated using a sheet material such as a Mylar or Kapton sheet affixed to a solid surface or mounted in a frame, with the conductive materials patterned thereon.
- the non-conductive base may be made of silicon, gallium arsenide, silicon dioxide, sapphire, aluminum oxide, or other non-metallic material suitable for use as the substrate of a printed-circuit board (PCB).
- PCB printed-circuit board
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 acts as a sub-reflector for a signal to which the module is not transparent.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 is configured to allow the signal 310 to pass through the module, while signal 312 would reflect off the frequency-selective surface module 308.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 separates the downlink signal 312 from the uplink signal 310 without the need for expensive and heavy waveguide devices.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 may be configured as having a flat surface, while in other embodiments the surface can have a contour such as, for example, a parabolic contoured surface.
- the mounting location of the frequency-selective surface module 308 is adjustable, to allow for optimal placement of module 308 within the optical path of the main reflector dish 302.
- the frequency-selective surface module 308 may be adjustable in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, the angle at which it is mounted or some combination thereof. In this way, the frequency-selective surface module 308 is positioned to optimally reflect one signal between main reflector dish 302 and the second feed 306 while still allowing the other signal to pass between the main reflector dish 302 and the first feed 304.
- the frequency selective surface module 308 may include a notched support member such that the surface of the frequency-selective surface module 308 may be raised or lowered to ensure that the surface is within the propagation path of the main reflector dish.
- the frequency-selective surface module may include a horizontal adjustment support designed to allow the surface of the frequency-selective surface module 308 to be adjusted in the horizontal direction. For example, horizontal adjustment may allow for optimal positioning of the second feed 306 by ensuring that the reflected focus of the frequency-selective surface 308 is at the position of the second feed 306.
- module does not imply that the components or functionality described or claimed as part of the module are all configured in a common package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of a module, whether control logic or other components, can be combined in a single package or separately maintained and can further be distributed in multiple groupings or packages or across multiple locations.
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Claims (13)
- Terminal à très petite ouverture, VSAT, pour un système de communication par satellite, comprenant :un réflecteur principal (302) ayant un foyer principal ;une première alimentation (304) située au niveau du foyer principal du réflecteur (302) et en communication optique avec le réflecteur (302) ;un module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) ayant un foyer réfléchi et situé en un point le long d'un chemin de communication entre le réflecteur principal (302) et la première alimentation (304), dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) est configuré pour être transparent à un premier ensemble de fréquences de sorte qu'un premier signal dans un premier ensemble de fréquences transmis sur un signal porteur passe à travers le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) ; et dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) est configuré pour être réfléchissant à un second ensemble de fréquences de sorte qu'un second signal dans un second ensemble de fréquences transmis sur un signal porteur est réfléchi ; etune seconde alimentation (306) située au niveau du foyer réfléchi du module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) et en communication optique avec le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308),dans lequel (i) la première alimentation (304) est configurée pour transmettre des signaux de liaison montante dans le premier ensemble de fréquences et la seconde alimentation (306) est configurée pour recevoir des signaux de liaison descendante dans le second ensemble de fréquences ou (ii) la première alimentation (304) est configurée pour recevoir des signaux de liaison descendante dans le premier ensemble de fréquences et la seconde source (306) est configurée pour transmettre des signaux de liaison montante dans le second ensemble de fréquences, etdans lequel un emplacement de montage du module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) est réglable pour permettre un placement optimal du module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) dans le chemin de communication entre le réflecteur principal (302) et la première alimentation (304).
- VSAT selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première source (304) comprend un module de chaîne d'émetteur lorsque la première source (304) est configurée pour transmettre des signaux de liaison montante et la seconde source (306) comprend un module de chaîne de récepteur lorsque la seconde source (306) est configurée pour recevoir des signaux de liaison descendante ; ou
la première source (304) comprend un module de chaîne de réception lorsque la première source (304) est configurée pour recevoir des signaux de liaison descendante et la seconde source (306) comprend un module de chaîne d'émetteur lorsque la seconde source (306) est configurée pour transmettre des signaux de liaison montante. - VSAT selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) comprend en outre une pluralité de traces métalliques réalisées sur une surface de sous-réflecteur parabolique non métallique.
- VSAT selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la pluralité de traces métalliques sont agencées selon un motif conçu pour permettre au premier signal dans le premier ensemble de fréquences de passer à travers le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308).
- VSAT selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le motif comprend un ou plusieurs parmi : des réseaux de bandes ayant un réseau périodique de bandes conductrices, des motifs de mailles et des motifs de mailles croisées.
- VSAT selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la surface de sous-réflecteur parabolique non métallique comprend un ou plusieurs parmi : de la résine, de l'époxy, du plastique, des phénoles, du verre, de la fibre de verre, du silicium, de l'arséniure de gallium, du dioxyde de silicium, du saphir et de l'oxyde d'aluminium.
- VSAT selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) est réglable dans une ou plusieurs directions parmi une direction horizontale, une direction verticale et une direction angulaire.
- VSAT selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chacune de la première alimentation et de la seconde alimentation comprend une antenne cornet d'alimentation respective.
- VSAT selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) est réglable dans une direction horizontale pour garantir que la seconde alimentation (306) est située au niveau du foyer réfléchi du module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308).
- VSAT selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) a une forme parabolique.
- VSAT selon la revendication 9 ou la revendication 10, dans lequel le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308) comprend une base non métallique avec une pluralité de traces métalliques incorporées sur celle-ci.
- VSAT selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la pluralité de traces métalliques sont agencées selon un motif conçu pour permettre au premier signal dans le premier ensemble de fréquences de passer à travers le module de surface sélectif en fréquence (308).
- VSAT selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le motif comprend un ou plusieurs parmi : des réseaux de bandes ayant un réseau périodique de bandes conductrices, des motifs de mailles et des motifs de mailles croisées.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201562182380P | 2015-06-19 | 2015-06-19 | |
PCT/US2016/038188 WO2016205715A1 (fr) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-06-17 | Terminal terrestre de télécommunication par satellite utilisant un diplexeur à surface sélective en fréquence |
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EP3311448A1 EP3311448A1 (fr) | 2018-04-25 |
EP3311448B1 true EP3311448B1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 |
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Citations (1)
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JPS54114065A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-09-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Beam variable antenna |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS54114065A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-09-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Beam variable antenna |
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