EP3310001B1 - Method and device for measuring remote timestamp unit - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring remote timestamp unit Download PDFInfo
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- EP3310001B1 EP3310001B1 EP16840715.3A EP16840715A EP3310001B1 EP 3310001 B1 EP3310001 B1 EP 3310001B1 EP 16840715 A EP16840715 A EP 16840715A EP 3310001 B1 EP3310001 B1 EP 3310001B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/02—Capturing of monitoring data
- H04L43/022—Capturing of monitoring data by sampling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0852—Delays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/06—Generation of reports
- H04L43/067—Generation of reports using time frame reporting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
- H04L43/106—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/16—Threshold monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/4302—Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
- H04N21/4305—Synchronising client clock from received content stream, e.g. locking decoder clock with encoder clock, extraction of the PCR packets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
- H04N21/854—Content authoring
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- G06F1/04—Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
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- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
Definitions
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the measurement apparatus 400 may include a path interface 401, a processor 402, and a memory 403.
- the path interface 401, the processor 402, and the memory 403 are mutually connected by using a bus 404 system.
- the bus 404 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, an EISA bus, or the like.
- the bus may be classified into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, in FIG. 4 , only a line with an arrow on both sides is used to represent the bus, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
- the foregoing method that is executed by a measurement apparatus and that is disclosed in either of the embodiments in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of the present invention may be applied to the processor 402 or implemented by the processor 402.
- the processor 402 may an integrated circuit chip having a signal processing capability.
- the steps of the foregoing method may be completed by using a hardware integrated logic circuit or an instruction in a form of software in the processor 402.
Description
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to the computer field, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device.
- There is a time stamp option in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). When a TCP flow supports this option, a data packet header includes a record of a data packet transmission time. An implementation method is to place a tick count of a current system clock in a time stamp field when a sending party sends a packet segment. When confirming the packet segment, a receiving party copies a value of the time stamp field to a time stamp echo acknowledgement field. A time stamp (in ticks) is a value that increases monotonically. In a general TCP application, a receiving party only needs to echo back a received time stamp, but does not need to pay attention to a time stamp unit of a peer party, and does not require clock synchronization between the two connected parties, either. System clock frequencies used in operating systems and computers are mutually different. Therefore, time units of a tick count in different servers are also different, and may range from 0.5 millisecond to 1000 milliseconds.
- A time stamp in the TCP protocol is just a tick count rather than an absolute time. Therefore, currently, the time stamp can be used locally only, and cannot be used by any remote device on a network.
- A prior-art method for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device is based on time synchronization between a remote end and a local end. In the method, a time stamp unit may be estimated, minus an error caused by a transmission delay, according to comparison between a packet receiving time and a packet header time stamp. In this method, time synchronization on a network is required, and a measurement error caused by the transmission delay cannot be effectively eliminated, resulting in inaccurate measurement.
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US 2009/245291A1 disclosed a method for synchronizing a clock for data transmissions. - Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device, to obtain a relatively accurate time stamp unit without requiring network-wide clock synchronization.
- According to a first aspect, a method for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device is provided, where the method includes:
obtaining m sets of sampled data, where each set of sampled data includes packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of a remote device, m is a positive integer, and m>1; calculating m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data; selecting, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range; and calculating a time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit. - With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, a specific implementation of the calculating m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data is: determining the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula:
- With reference to the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner a specific implementation of the calculating a time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit is: determining the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula:
- With reference to the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect or the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, a specific implementation of the selecting, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range is: selecting, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units.
- With reference to any one of the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect to the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal.
- With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: the packet transmission interval meets the following formula:
- With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect or the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: the quantity m of sets of sampled data meets the following formula:
U represents the average value of the m estimated time stamp units, a packet transmission queuing delay from the remote device to the local device conforms to negative exponential distribution λe -λt , and the erfc function is a complementary error function. - According to a second aspect, a measurement apparatus is provided, where the apparatus includes: a sampling unit, configured to obtain m sets of sampled data, where each set of sampled data includes packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of a remote device, m is a positive integer, and m>1; a calculation unit, configured to calculate m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data; and a selection unit, configured to select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range, where the calculation unit is further configured to calculate a time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit.
- With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, in the process of being configured to calculate the m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data, the calculation unit is specifically configured to determine the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula:
- With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in the process of being configured to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit, the calculation unit is specifically configured to determine the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula:
- With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect or the second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, the selection unit is specifically configured to:
select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. - With reference to any one of the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect to the third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal.
- With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: the packet transmission interval meets the following formula:
- With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect or the fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: the quantity m of sets of sampled data meets the following formula:
U represents the average value of the m estimated time stamp units, a packet transmission queuing delay from the remote device to the local device conforms to negative exponential distribution λe-λt , and the erfc function is a complementary error function. - With reference to any one of the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect to the sixth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in an seventh possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: the apparatus is located on a server, or the apparatus is located on a client.
- With reference to any one of the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect to the seventhpossible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a eighth possible implementation manner, a specific implementation is as follows: the monitoring point is located on a router between the remote device and the local device, or the monitoring point is the local device.
- To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description show merely some embodiments of the present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.
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FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for estimating a remote time stamp unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. - The following clearly describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
- To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, some elements used in description of the embodiments of the present invention are first described herein.
- Standard deviation (Standard Deviation): is a most commonly used measure of a statistical dispersion (statistical dispersion) in probability statistics. The standard deviation is defined as an square root of an arithmetic mean of squares of deviations of unit standard values from a mean of the unit standard values. The standard deviation reflects a degree of dispersion among objects in a set.
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FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method inFIG. 1 is performed by a measurement apparatus. The measurement apparatus may be located on a server or on a client. When the measurement apparatus is located on a server, a remote end is a client; or when the measurement apparatus is located on a client, a remote end is a server. - S110. Obtain m sets of sampled data, where each set of sampled data includes packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of a remote device, m is a positive integer, and m>1.
- Certainly, it should be understood that the method in this embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a scenario that includes a packet transmission time stamp.
- It should be understood that a packet transmission time stamp of a data packet refers to a packet transmission time stamp of the data packet on a transmit end, and is recorded in a packet transmission time stamp field of the data packet. For example, in a TCP data packet, the packet transmission time stamp is recorded in a TCP time stamp field of the data packet.
- It should be understood that the monitoring point is a measurement point specified by a local end (the measurement apparatus). The local end (the measurement apparatus) may specify a gateway device on a network path through which a remote data packet reaches the local end as the monitoring point, or specify the local end as the monitoring point.
- S120. Calculate m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data.
- S130. Select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range.
- S140. Calculate a time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit.
- In this embodiment of the present invention, a unit of a remote clock is obtained by comparing a clock of a local monitoring point and a difference between time stamps of two packets, and a method for calculating an unbiased estimate by means of statistical averaging is used, to cancel an error caused by transmission delay randomicity. In this way, a relatively accurate time stamp unit can be obtained without requiring network-wide clock synchronization.
- Specifically, step 120 may be implemented as: determining the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula:
- Optionally, in an embodiment, step S130 may be specifically implemented as: selecting, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, another filtering manner may be further used to remove a sample with a relatively large error. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example.
- Optionally, in an embodiment, step 140 may be specifically implemented as: determining the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula:
- It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, alternatively, another calculation manner may be used to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device, for example, a square average value of the selected estimated time stamp unit is calculated, and then round-off is performed. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example.
- Preferably, packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal.
- It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, that packet lengths of two data packets are equal does not mean that the lengths are strictly equal by mathematical meaning. When a ratio of lengths of two data packets ranges between 1±δ, the lengths of the two data packets may be considered equal, where δ is a value approximating 0, and may be set according to an actual situation. For example, δ may be set to 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1. For example, δ=0.01. When a ratio of lengths of two data packets ranges from 0.99 to 1.01, the lengths of the two data packets may be considered equal.
- Similarly, when a ratio of packet transmission intervals of two sets of sampled data ranges between 1±ε, the packet transmission intervals of the two sets of sampled data may be considered equal, where ε is a value approximating 0, and may be set according to an actual situation. For example, ε may be set to 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1.
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- Generally, a difference of one order of magnitude may be considered as being much greater than. That is, D>10L/B.
- Still further, the quantity m of sets of sampled data meets the following formula:
U represents the average value of the m estimated time stamp units, a packet transmission queuing delay from the remote device to the local device conforms to negative exponential distribution λe -λt , and the erfc function is a complementary error function. - The following further describes the method in this embodiment of the present invention with reference to a specific embodiment.
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FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for estimating a remote time stamp unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 2 , a set of sampled data obtained by a client includes packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point of two data packets. A data packet sent first may be referred to as a previously transmitted data packet (PKT1 inFIG. 2 ), and a data packet sent afterward may be referred to as a subsequently transmitted data packet (PKT2 inFIG. 2 ). In this case, a set of sampled data that the client needs to obtain includes a packet transmission time stamp count (referred to as a packet transmission time stamp) S1 of PKT1, a time t1 of arrival at the monitoring point of PKT1, a packet transmission time stamp count S2 of PKT2, and a time t2 of arrival at the monitoring point of PKT2. Both t1 and t2 are clocks of the monitoring point. - If transmission times of two packets are the same, a time interval between the two packets at the monitoring point remains unchanged. A time stamp unit may be directly measured at the monitoring point. That is, the time stamp unit U=(S2-S1)/(t2-t1). However, transmission times of two packets change randomly. As a result, a packet interval observed at the monitoring point and a packet transmission interval are different.
- A measurement manner in this embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
S1. Perform measurement for m times to obtain m sets of sampled data. - Sampled data obtained during an ith time of measurement includes a packet transmission time stamp S1i and a time t1i of arrival at a monitoring point of a previously transmitted data packet and a packet transmission time stamp S2i and a time t2i of arrival at the monitoring point of a subsequently transmitted data packet.
- A time stamp unit Ui during the ith time of measurement may be obtained through calculation: Ui=(S2i-S1i)/(t2i-t1i).
- S2. Calculate an average value:
U =1/m(∑Ui). - S3. Select a time stamp unit measurement value a difference between which and the average value
U falls within a predetermined range. - For example, a time stamp unit measurement value a difference between which and
U is between ±5% may be selected. - For another example, according to a statistics method, a sample value greater than three times of a sample standard deviation is an abnormal error and should be discarded. In this case, a measured sample standard deviation S may be calculated:
U ≤ 3s is selected according to the sample standard deviation S. It is assumed that q time stamp unit measurement values are selected. - S4. Calculate an average time stamp unit again:
U =1/q(∑Ui). - S5. Round U to obtain an integer: Û=int(
U ). - In this case, Û is a calculated time stamp unit.
- Certainly, if improper sampled data is selected, a relatively large measurement error is caused.
- For example, if packet lengths of the previously transmitted data packet and the subsequently transmitted data packet are different, transmission times of the previous and subsequent packets are subsequently different, and a difference between a packet interval measured at the monitoring point and a packet interval at a packet transmission position is relatively large. As a result, a difference between a time stamp unit obtained according to the sampled data and an actual time stamp unit is relatively large.
- In addition, if packet lengths or packet intervals in different sets of sampled data are different, accuracy of a time stamp unit calculated according to the sampled data is also reduced consequently.
- Therefore, during selection of sampled data, it should be ensured, as far as possible, that packet lengths of data packets (including previously transmitted data packets and subsequently transmitted data packets) in all sampled data are equal, so that packet intervals of all the sampled data are equal.
- In addition, if a packet interval is too small, a packet interval measured at the monitoring point may become larger due to network bandwidth restriction. Alternatively, because of a traffic change during network transmission, even if there is sufficient bandwidth, a packet interval measured at the monitoring point may become larger due to a packet interval inserted by another contention traffic packet.
- Therefore, in terms of packet interval selection, it should be ensured, as far as possible, that a length D (in a unit of millisecond) of a packet interval is much greater than a value obtained by dividing a packet length L (in a unit of B) by a network bottleneck bandwidth B (in a unit of kB/s). That is, D>>L/B. Generally, D>10 L/B.
- In addition, in the method for calculating a remote time stamp unit in this embodiment of the present invention, accuracy is also closely related to a quantity of samples and a packet interval.
- The following uses an example to describe how to select a packet interval n (in a time stamp unit of tick) and a measure sample data m to ensure accuracy of an obtained time stamp unit (tick).
- It is assumed that a tick of a time stamp on a transmit end is equal to k milliseconds, and a packet interval between previous and subsequent packets before packet transmission is D. It is assumed that a queuing delay of a transmission path conforms to negative exponential distribution λe -λt , where λ > 0, and λ is a parameter of exponential distribution and is usually referred to as a rate parameter (rate parameter), that is, a quantity of times the event occurs in each unit time. An average value of the distribution is equal to 1/λ, and a variance of the distribution is equal to 1/λ2. For example, assuming that, on average, there are five packets waiting for transmission in front of a packet being studied, 1/λ=5×MSS/Bandwidth, where MSS represents a length of the data packets, and the bandwidth is a bottleneck bandwidth of network transmission. Distribution of a packet interval (t2-t1) between a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet at a measurement point is
- At the measurement point, an unbiased estimate of a time stamp unit U may be performed by using m sample values:
- In a first step, obtain sample values U: Ui=(t2-t1)/(S2-S1).
- Average value of Ui=k milliseconds. Variance=2/λ2/n2.
- In a second step, calculate an average value of m measurements, where an average value
U is equal to k, and a variance is 2/λ2/(mn2). - Distribution of
U may approximate to normal distribution Norma{k,[2/λ2/(mn2)]1/2}. An error probability of the normal distribution may be calculated according to an error function -
- It may be assumed that m=25 and n=8. That is, accuracy of a time unit may be basically ensured when calculation is performed based on only samples with a packet interval greater than 80 milliseconds. Alternatively, it is assumed that m=36 and n=7. That is, calculation is performed based on only samples with a packet interval greater than 70 milliseconds. If n=2, m needs to be greater than or equal to 400.
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FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of ameasurement apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Themeasurement apparatus 300 may be located on a server or may be located on a client. As shown inFIG. 3 , themeasurement apparatus 300 may include: - a
sampling unit 310, configured to obtain m sets of sampled data, where each set of sampled data includes packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of a remote device, m is a positive integer, and m>1; - a
calculation unit 320, configured to calculate m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data; and - a
selection unit 330, configured to select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range. - The
calculation unit 320 is further configured to calculate a time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit. - In this embodiment of the present invention, the
measurement apparatus 300 obtains a unit of a remote clock by comparing a clock of a local monitoring point and a difference between time stamps of two packets, and uses a method for calculating an unbiased estimate by means of statistical averaging, to cancel an error caused by transmission delay randomicity. In this way, a relatively accurate time stamp unit can be obtained without requiring network-wide clock synchronization. - Specifically, in the process of being configured to calculate the m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data, the
calculation unit 320 may be configured to determine the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula: - Optionally, in an embodiment, the
selection unit 330 may be specifically configured to: select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. The sample standard deviation is a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, another filtering manner may be further used to remove a sample with a relatively large error. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example. - Optionally, in an embodiment, in the process of being configured to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit, the
calculation unit 320 is specifically configured to determine the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula: - It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, alternatively, another calculation manner may be used to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device, for example, a square average value of the selected estimated time stamp unit is calculated, and then round-off is performed. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example.
- Preferably, packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal.
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- Generally, a difference of one order of magnitude may be considered as being much greater than. That is, D>10L/B.
- Still further, the quantity m of sets of sampled data meets the following formula:
U represents the average value of the m estimated time stamp units, a packet transmission queuing delay from the remote device to the local device conforms to negative exponential distribution λe -λt , and the erfc function is a complementary error function. - Optionally, the
measurement apparatus 300 may be located on a server or on a client. - Optionally, the monitoring point is located on a router between the remote device and the local device, or the monitoring point is the local device.
-
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of ameasurement apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Themeasurement apparatus 400 may include apath interface 401, aprocessor 402, and amemory 403. - The
path interface 401, theprocessor 402, and thememory 403 are mutually connected by using abus 404 system. Thebus 404 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, an EISA bus, or the like. The bus may be classified into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, inFIG. 4 , only a line with an arrow on both sides is used to represent the bus, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus. - The
memory 403 is configured to store a program. Specifically, the program may include program code, and the program code includes a computer operation instruction. Thememory 403 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide an instruction and data to theprocessor 402. Thememory 403 may include a high-speed RAM, and may further include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), for example, at least one magnetic disk memory. - The
processor 402 executes the program stored in thememory 403, and is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
obtaining m sets of sampled data, where each set of sampled data includes packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of a remotedevice, m is a positive integer, and m>1; and calculating m estimated time stamp units according to the m sets of sampled data; selecting, from the m estimated time stamp units, a time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range; and calculating an average value of the selected estimated time stamp unit and round the calculated average value to obtain an integer, to obtain an unbiased estimated time stamp unit. - The foregoing method that is executed by a measurement apparatus and that is disclosed in either of the embodiments in
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of the present invention may be applied to theprocessor 402 or implemented by theprocessor 402. Theprocessor 402 may an integrated circuit chip having a signal processing capability. In an implementation process, the steps of the foregoing method may be completed by using a hardware integrated logic circuit or an instruction in a form of software in theprocessor 402. The foregoingprocessor 402 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU for short), a network processor (Network Processor, NP for short), or the like, or may be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or another programmable logical device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. The processor may implement or perform the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. The general-purpose processor may be a micro processor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed with reference to the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as being performed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or being performed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the art, such as a random memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, or a register. The storage medium is located in thememory 403, and theprocessor 402 reads information in thememory 403 and completes the steps of the foregoing method in combination with hardware of theprocessor 402. - In this embodiment of the present invention, the
measurement apparatus 400 obtains a unit of a remote clock by comparing a clock of a local monitoring point and a difference between time stamps of two packets, and uses a method for calculating an unbiased estimate by means of statistical averaging, to cancel an error caused by transmission delay randomicity. In this way, a relatively accurate time stamp unit can be obtained without requiring network-wide clock synchronization. - Specifically, in the process of being configured to calculate the m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data, the
processor 402 may be configured to determine the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula: - Optionally, in an embodiment, in the process of being configured to select, from the m estimated time stamp units, the estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within the predetermined range, the
processor 402 may be specifically configured to: select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, another filtering manner may be further used to remove a sample with a relatively large error. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example. - Optionally, in an embodiment, in the process of being configured to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit, the
processor 402 is specifically configured to determine the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula: - It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present invention, alternatively, another calculation manner may be used to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device, for example, a square average value of the selected estimated time stamp unit is calculated, and then round-off is performed. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example.
- Preferably, packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal.
-
- Generally, a difference of one order of magnitude may be considered as being much greater than. That is, D>10L/B.
- Still further, the quantity m of sets of sampled data meets the following formula:
U represents the average value of the m estimated time stamp units, a packet transmission queuing delay from the remote device to the local device conforms to negative exponential distribution λe -λt , and the erfc function is a complementary error function. - Optionally, the
measurement apparatus 400 may be located on a server or on a client. - Optionally, the monitoring point is located on a router between the remote device and the local device, or the monitoring point is the local device.
- A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of the present invention.
- It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing system, apparatus, and unit, reference may be made to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
- In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, the unit division is merely logical function division and may be other division in actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented by using some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
- The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
- In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
- When the functions are implemented in the form of a software functional unit, and sold or used as an independent product, the functions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention essentially, or the part contributing to the prior art, or some of the technical solutions may be implemented in a form of a software product. The software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. The foregoing storage medium includes: any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
- The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementation manners of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (15)
- A method for measuring a time stamp unit of a remote device, comprising:obtaining (S110) m sets of sampled data, wherein each set of sampled data comprises packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of the remote device, m is a positive integer, and m>1;calculating (S120) m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data;selecting (S130), from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range; andcalculating (S140) the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating (S120) m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data comprises:
determining the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula: - The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calculating (S140) the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit comprises:
determining the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula: - The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
the selecting (S130), from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range comprises:
selecting, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. - The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal. - The method according to claim 5, wherein the packet transmission interval meets the following formula:
- A measurement apparatus, comprising:a sampling unit (310), configured to obtain m sets of sampled data, wherein each set of sampled data comprises packet transmission time stamps and times of arrival at a monitoring point that are of a previously transmitted data packet and a subsequently transmitted data packet of a remote device, m is a positive integer, and m>1;a calculation unit (320), configured to calculate m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data; anda selection unit (330), configured to select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and an average value of the m estimated time stamp units falls within a predetermined range, whereinthe calculation unit (320) is further configured to calculate a time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit.
- The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: in the process of being configured to calculate the m estimated time stamp units according to the packet transmission time stamps and the times of arrival at the monitoring point that are of the previously transmitted data packets and the subsequently transmitted data packets of the remote device and that are in the m sets of sampled data, the calculation unit (320) is specifically configured to determine the m estimated time stamp units according to the following formula:
- The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: in the process of being configured to calculate the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the selected estimated time stamp unit, the calculation unit (320) is specifically configured to determine the time stamp unit of the remote device according to the following formula:
- The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the selection unit (330) is specifically configured to:
select, from the m estimated time stamp units, an estimated time stamp unit, a difference between which and the average value of the m estimated time stamp units is less than three times of a sample standard deviation of the m estimated time stamp units. - The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein
packet lengths of any two data packets in the m sets of sampled data are equal, and packet transmission intervals of any two sets of sampled data in the m sets of sampled data are equal. - The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the monitoring point is located on a router between the remote device and the local device, or the monitoring point is the local device.
- A measurement apparatus, comprising: a processor (402), a path interface (401), and
a memory (403) coupled to the processor (402) and configured to store a plurality of instructions that, when executed, causes the processor to perform the method according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 6. - A computer program product comprising computer program instructions that when executed by a processing apparatus cause the processing apparatus to perform the method according to any of the preceding claims 1to 6.
- A computer-processing product comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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CN201510545626.5A CN106487608B (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2015-08-31 | The method and apparatus for measuring distal end timestamp unit |
PCT/CN2016/094369 WO2017036286A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2016-08-10 | Method and device for measuring remote timestamp unit |
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CN114598412B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-06-02 | 山东浪潮科学研究院有限公司 | Clock synchronization processing method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and product |
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