EP3308878B1 - Mould for strand casting of metals - Google Patents
Mould for strand casting of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3308878B1 EP3308878B1 EP17195608.9A EP17195608A EP3308878B1 EP 3308878 B1 EP3308878 B1 EP 3308878B1 EP 17195608 A EP17195608 A EP 17195608A EP 3308878 B1 EP3308878 B1 EP 3308878B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- circular arc
- side walls
- cross
- strand
- Prior art date
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0406—Moulds with special profile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mold for the continuous casting of metals according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a mold with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 1 547 705 B1 known.
- the cross section of the known mold is characterized by corner regions having curved peripheral lines.
- the shape of the circumferential lines changes continuously in the strand running direction or in the longitudinal direction of the mold and is in each case represented by a mathematical curve function
- n
- the circumferential lines of the cross-sectional areas of the known mold are characterized in that the circumferential lines have a curvature which increases in the circumferential direction of the respective circumferential line increases up to a local maximum and then decreases again.
- the maximum degree of curvature of the circumferential lines (ie the maximum of the curvature) of the cross-sectional areas in the strand running direction decreases steadily or discontinuously at least over a partial area of the mold length.
- the size of the cross section of the strand during solidification is reduced by the solidification process.
- the cross section of the strand viewed in the strand direction on the one hand as constantly as possible abuts the mold wall, ie, that no gap between the strand and the mold occur, and on the other hand, the force exerted by the mold wall on the strand reaction or counterforce is as uniform and small as possible.
- tapered molds are usually used for continuous casting, wherein the conicity of the mold manifests itself by the fact that the cross-sectional areas, which serve to guide or plant the strand on the mold, from an inlet region of the melt in the mold up to steadily reduce an exit area of the mold.
- Particularly critical in this case are the corner areas at corners having cross-sectional shapes of the strand, since there the local heat dissipation differently from the heat dissipation between the corner regions arranged, is usually flat or slightly curved side surfaces.
- the mold according to the invention for the continuous casting of metals with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that, with relatively simple manufacturability, a further improved quality of the continuous casting profile allows.
- a further improved quality of the continuous casting profile is understood to mean improved shell growth and thus a more homogeneous quality in the edge region during passage of the strand through the mold, wherein the strand produced has increased resistance to bulging due to ferrostatic pressure and improved conditions for a possible Subsequent forming during casting, such as bending and / or straightening, but especially during the mechanical soft-reduction (MSR) as well as for further processing by rolling or forging offers.
- MSR mechanical soft-reduction
- the mold according to the invention makes it possible for cross-sectional areas to be used for all formats which are common in the production of long products, such as square billets, rectangular billets, double-T profiles and also for special casting-technically advantageous formats, such as X formats (which have not hitherto been known) Continuous casting can be produced) or 3-Kant similar formats, can be produced.
- the mold in contrast to the aforementioned prior art, on corner regions in which the maximum of the curvatures of the cross-sectional areas between the inlet region and the outlet region of the mold is at least approximately constant.
- the maximum of the curvatures of the cross-sectional areas between the inlet region and the outlet region of the mold is constant, but even slight deviations should be covered by the invention.
- the shape of the cross-sectional areas approaches the natural shrinkage behavior of the cross-section of the continuous casting profile optimally, so that in the corner areas an optimized heat dissipation into the mold takes place.
- the at least two circular-arc sections arranged on both sides of the first circular-arc section have either the same direction of curvature or a different direction of curvature.
- the essential thing is merely that the choice of radii or arrangement of the individual circular arc sections is such that a harmonious course of the circumferential line is achieved in the corner, that is, that the slope of a tangent applied to the circumferential line has no cracks.
- the side walls of the cross-sectional areas are formed as planar side walls.
- Such a design makes it possible in particular to lead the strand after leaving the mold on a conveyor particularly simple and accurate, since the flat side surfaces (of the strand) serve as support surfaces of the strand, for example on cylindrical conveyor rollers, so that the strand on the conveyor rollers with a minimum surface pressure, which is also constant in the area of the side surfaces, can be promoted.
- the width of the side surfaces in the strand direction either constant is, or decreases, preferably steadily.
- the side wall As a preferred geometric dimensioning for the side wall, it has been found that its width should be between 60% and 80% with respect to the width of the strand cross-section.
- the corner areas and the side surfaces is free from each other and only with regard to the expected strand shrinkage, it may be provided in that the side walls are set back relative to the corner areas with respect to the longitudinal axis or are displaced outwards.
- a further optimization of the quality of the strand with regard to the shrinkage behavior of the strand taking place in strand direction is achieved if the conicity of the corner regions is greater, at least over a partial length, preferably over one third of the partial length of the mold on the side facing the inlet region is the taper of the side surfaces, with a factor of between 1.1 and 1.5 having been found to be advantageous.
- the preferred taper between the side surfaces within the active mold length i.e., between the mold level and the mold exit
- the conicity of the corner regions is partially independent of the conicity of the side walls.
- a mold 10 for the continuous casting of metals in particular for the continuous casting of alloyed or unalloyed steels, greatly simplified.
- the mold 10 is part of a continuous casting, not shown in detail, and is used to produce preferably long extruded profiles, which are supplied after passing through the mold 10 further processing steps to form their final shape or cross section.
- the length of the mold 10 is typically between about 0.7m and about 1.0m.
- the mold 10 has a longitudinal axis 11, which is formed in a straight line in the illustrated embodiment.
- the Longitudinal axis 11 arcuate form.
- the mold 10 has a in the FIGS. 2 and 3 recognizable inlet region 12 and an outlet region 13. In the inlet region 12, the liquid metal is introduced into the mold 10, wherein the pouring mirror, not shown, is typically arranged slightly below the inlet region 12, and in the outlet region 13, the at least partially solidified strand exits from the mold 10.
- the mold 10 serves to form the cross section of the strand and the targeted cooling or solidification of the metal to achieve a homogenous and high quality of the strand, if possible over the cross section.
- the mold 10 also has only in the Fig. 1 shown in sections, cooled mold wall 15, which typically has cooling holes or outside cooling channels 16 through which a liquid coolant (usually water) circulates to support the heat dissipation of the solidifying metal of the trainee strand through the mold wall 15 and in the Kokillenwand 15 dissipating heat in the coolant.
- the mold 10 or the mold wall 15 is preferably made of copper or highly heat-conductive copper alloys such as CuAg 0.1 or CuCrZr.
- the mold 10 or the mold wall 15 defines an inner cross-sectional area 20, in the region of which the initially liquid and subsequently solidifying metal is located.
- the strand running direction is illustrated by an arrow 21 which extends from the inlet region 12 (casting mirror) in the direction of the outlet region 13 of the mold 10.
- the individual cross-sectional areas 20 viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 are of different sizes.
- the cross-sectional areas 20 between the inlet region 12 and the outlet region 13 are reduced steadily.
- the circumferential lines 22, which limit the cross-sectional areas 20, viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 each formed approximately square.
- the peripheral lines 22 form four corner regions 23, which merge into a respectively formed side wall 24 on both sides.
- the side walls 24 each have a width b which is between 60% and 80% of the width B of the cross-sectional area 20.
- the corner regions 23 are set back in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11, ie do not reach as far as an imaginary extension 25 of the side walls 24 in the corner regions 23.
- the curved corner portion 23 is composed of three arc sections 31 to 33 together.
- the (middle) circular arc section 32 has a first radius r 1 , wherein the second circular arc section 31 and the third circular arc section 33 adjoin the first circular arc section 32 on both sides.
- the second circular arc section 31 has a radius r 2 and the third circular arc section 33 has a third radius r 3 .
- the radii r 2 and r 3 can be made the same size.
- the radius r 1 of the first circular arc section 32 smaller than the radius r 2 of the second circular arc portion 31 and smaller than the radius r 3 of the third circular arc portion 33.
- the second circular arc portion 31 and the third circular arc portion 33 respectively connect one of the side walls 24 with the first arc portion 32.
- the radii r 2 and r 3 The two circular arc sections 31 and 33 and the arrangement of their centers, from which they each emanate, are preferably each chosen such that there is a continuous, ie kink-free transition from the side wall 24 in the individual circular arc sections 31 to 33 towards another side wall 24 , ie, that the individual circular arc sections 31 to 33 cling to each other and to the side walls 24.
- the distance of the respective center of the circle of the first circular arc portion 32 is designated by the longitudinal axis 11, from which the radius r 1 starts.
- the position of the center of the radius r1 results from the desired Konizticiansverlauf between the circular arc sections 32 (diagonal conicity).
- the position of the side walls 24 results from the desired Konizmaschinesverlauf between the side walls 24th
- Fig. 2 Based on Fig. 2 is also apparent that the (planar) side walls 24 of the mold 10 are arranged conically to each other, such that their distance to the longitudinal axis 11 in line running direction (arrow 21) decreases linearly. Furthermore, based on the Fig. 3 It can be seen that the distances of the respective corner regions 23 in the direction of the strand running direction (arrow 21) steadily decrease, but the decrease is not linear, but viewed in the strand direction (arrow 21) in each case different, in the illustrated embodiment to a lesser extent compared to the side walls 24, so that the conicity of the corner regions 23 in strand running direction also decreases, in the upper region of the mold 10 more than in the lower region.
- each cross-sectional area 20 between the inlet region 12 and the outlet region 13 of the mold 10 which is bounded by a peripheral line 22 and which is composed of a corner region 23 of the three circular arc sections 31 to 33, each having a first arc section 32 (with possibly different circular arc length) having a first radius r 1 , which is considered constant in the strand direction (arrow 21).
- the radius r 2 or r 3 of the second circular arc portion 31 and the third circular arc portion 33 typically changes in the strand running direction (arrow 21) and depending on the taper of the side walls 24.
- this means that the curvature K 1 / r of all the first circular arc sections 32 in the strand running direction (arrow 21) is the same size and larger than the curvature K in the region of the second circular arc section 31 and the third circular arc section 33.
- the curvature K thus has a local maximum in the region of the first circular arc section 32 , wherein the curvature K of the circumferential line 22 in the corner region 23, starting from the first circular arc section 32 in the direction of the side surfaces 24 at least partially decreases steadily.
- the cross section is shown by a mold 10a, the cross-sectional area 20a of the cross-sectional area 20 of the mold 10 according to the Fig. 1 characterized in that the two opposite side walls 36, 37 are arranged opposite the two other side walls 38, 39 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11a reset. As a result, the corner regions 23a project beyond the side walls 36, 37.
- the cross-sectional surfaces 20a also have four identically formed corner regions 23a, each of which is composed of a first circular arc section 32a with a radius r 1 , on both sides a second circular arc section 31a with a radius r 2 or a third circular arc section 33a with a radius r 3 followed. It is essential that the first circular arc portion 32a and the third circular arc portion 33a, which merges into the side walls 38 and 39, are curved in the same direction. On the other hand, the second circular arc portion 32a, which merges into the (recessed) side wall 36, 37, is curved in the other direction. However, the cross-sectional area 20a also has planar side walls 35 to 39 with the width b, which may be of different widths, just as the two radii r 2 and r 3 may be of different sizes.
- FIG. 7 to 9 are further cross-sectional surfaces 20b to 20d shown, which serve to form substantially double-T-shaped or X-shaped strand cross-sections.
- the cross-sectional surfaces 20b to 20d also each have four rectilinear or planar side walls 24b to 24d, the width b of which is of the same size, for example.
- corner regions 23b to 23d which are likewise embodied identically in each case, are each composed of three circular arc sections 31b, 32b, 33b to 31d, 32d, 33d, wherein the first (central) circular arc section 32b, 32c, 32d each have the smallest radius r 1 in comparison with the radii r 2 and r 3 , and wherein the radius r 1 viewed in the strand direction (arrow 21) is equal to each other and with respect to the corner region 23 b to 23 d a local maximum represents.
- the corner regions 23, 23a to 23d each have a first circular arc section whose curvature K is greater than that to the first circular arc section on both sides adjoining two circular arc sections, and wherein the curvature K of the first circular arc section viewed in the strand direction is always the same size.
- the structural design of the mold 10, in particular its outer shape, depending on the requirements be designed differently and is not necessarily limited to tube molds, but also include block molds and molds in plate design.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kokille zum Stranggießen von Metallen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a mold for the continuous casting of metals according to the preamble of
Eine Kokille mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der
Hintergrund bei der Auslegung der Querschnittsflächen einer Kokille beim Stranggießen von Metallen ist es, den Erstarrungsprozess der Metallschmelze zu einem vorgegebenen, für das Weiterverarbeiten günstigen Querschnittsformat einzuleiten und zu unterstützen und durch Wärmeabtransport in ein Kühlmedium, welches üblicherweise die Kokillenwand durchströmt, ein möglichst homogenes Strangschalenwachstum des Querschnitts des Strangs zu bewirken. Mit anderen Worten gesagt bedeutet dies, dass der Erstarrungsprozess der Metallschmelze in der Kokille derart erfolgen soll, dass über den Querschnitt des Strangs und seiner Oberfläche eine möglichst gleichmäßige und hohe Qualität erzielbar ist.Background in the design of the cross-sectional areas of a mold in the continuous casting of metals is the process of solidification of the molten metal to a predetermined, for further processing favorable cross-sectional format initiate and support and by heat removal in a cooling medium, which usually flows through the mold wall to cause the most homogeneous strand shell growth of the cross section of the strand. In other words, this means that the solidification process of the molten metal in the mold should take place in such a way that over the cross section of the strand and its surface as uniform and high quality as possible can be achieved.
Hierzu ist ergänzend zu erwähnen, dass sich die Größe des Querschnitts des Strangs beim Erstarren durch den Erstarrungsprozess verkleinert. Um eine optimale bzw. eine gleichmäßige Wärmeabfuhr von dem Querschnitt des Strangs in die Kokillenwand zu erreichen ist es daher wünschenswert, dass der Querschnitt des Strangs in Stranglaufrichtung betrachtet einerseits möglichst ständig an der Kokillenwand anliegt, d.h., dass zwischen dem Strang und der Kokille keine Spalte auftreten, und dass andererseits die von der Kokillenwand auf den Strang ausgeübte Reaktions- bzw. Gegenkraft möglichst gleichmäßig und klein ist.For this purpose, it should be mentioned in addition that the size of the cross section of the strand during solidification is reduced by the solidification process. In order to achieve optimal or uniform heat removal from the cross section of the strand in the mold wall, it is therefore desirable that the cross section of the strand viewed in the strand direction on the one hand as constantly as possible abuts the mold wall, ie, that no gap between the strand and the mold occur, and on the other hand, the force exerted by the mold wall on the strand reaction or counterforce is as uniform and small as possible.
Aus diesem Grund werden zum Stranggießen üblicherweise konisch ausgebildete Kokillen verwendet, wobei sich die Konizität der Kokille dadurch äußert, dass sich die Querschnittsflächen, die zur Führung bzw. zur Anlage des Strangs an der Kokille dienen, von einem Eintrittsbereich der Schmelze in die Kokille bis zu einem Austrittsbereich der Kokille stetig verkleinern. Besonders kritisch sind hierbei bei Ecken aufweisenden Querschnittsformen des Strangs die Eckbereiche, da dort die lokale Wärmeabfuhr unterschiedlich von der Wärmeabfuhr zwischen den Eckbereichen angeordneten, üblicherweise eben oder leicht gekrümmt ausgebildeten Seitenflächen ist.For this reason, tapered molds are usually used for continuous casting, wherein the conicity of the mold manifests itself by the fact that the cross-sectional areas, which serve to guide or plant the strand on the mold, from an inlet region of the melt in the mold up to steadily reduce an exit area of the mold. Particularly critical in this case are the corner areas at corners having cross-sectional shapes of the strand, since there the local heat dissipation differently from the heat dissipation between the corner regions arranged, is usually flat or slightly curved side surfaces.
Die eingangs genannte Schrift versucht durch die beschriebenen Umfangslinien in den Eckbereichen dieses Ziel zu erreichen. Überraschenderweise hat es sich jedoch durch Untersuchungen herausgestellt, dass sich die Krümmung des Strangs in den Eckbereichen beim Erstarren in Stranglaufrichtung zumindest im Wesentlichen - gemeint ist hierbei der Abschnitt des Eckbereichs, in dem der Querschnitt seine größte Krümmung aufweist - zumindest näherungsweise nicht ändert. Insofern ist der Querschnittsverlauf bzw. die in der
Weiterhin ist es aus der
Die erfindungsgemäße Kokille zum Stranggießen von Metallen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, dass sie bei relativ einfacher Herstellbarkeit eine nochmals verbesserte Qualität des Stranggussprofils ermöglicht. Insbesondere wird unter einer nochmals verbesserten Qualität des Stranggussprofils ein verbessertes Schalenwachstum und somit eine homogenere Qualität im Kantenbereich beim Durchlauf des Strangs durch die Kokille verstanden, wobei der erzeugte Strang eine erhöhte Resistenz gegen eine Ausbauchung infolge von ferrostatischem Druck aufweist sowie verbesserte Voraussetzungen für ein mögliches, nachträgliches Umformen während des Gießens, wie Biegen und/oder Richten, besonders aber während der Mechanical Soft-Reduction (MSR) als auch für die Weiterverarbeitung durch Walzen oder Schmieden bietet. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht es die erfindungsgemäße Kokille, dass Querschnittsflächen für alle bei der Erzeugung von Langprodukten gängigen Formate, wie Quadrat-Knüppel, Rechteck-Vorblöcke Doppel-T Profile sowie auch für spezielle gießtechnisch vorteilhafte Formate, wie beispielsweise X-Formate (die bisher nicht durch Stranggießen erzeugt werden) oder 3-Kant ähnliche Formate, hergestellt werden können.The mold according to the invention for the continuous casting of metals with the features of
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Kokille, im Gegensatz zum eingangs genannten Stand der Technik, Eckbereiche auf, bei denen das Maximum der Krümmungen der Querschnittsflächen zwischen dem Eintrittsbereich und dem Austrittsbereich der Kokille zumindest näherungsweise konstant ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Maximum der Krümmungen der Querschnittsflächen zwischen dem Eintrittsbereich und dem Austrittsbereich der Kokille konstant, jedoch sollen auch geringfügige Maßabweichungen von der Erfindung erfasst sein. Damit nähert sich die Form der Querschnittsflächen dem natürlichen Schrumpfungsverhalten des Querschnitts des Stranggussprofils optimal an, so dass in den Eckbereichen eine optimierte Wärmeabfuhr in die Kokille erfolgt. Konkret schlägt es die Erfindung bzgl. der Geometrie der Kokille vor, die Umfangslinien im Bereich des Maximums der Krümmung durch einen ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt mit einem ersten Radius auszubilden. Eine derartige Querschnittsform bzw. derartige Umfangslinien lassen sich besonders einfach herstellen. Weiterhin ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, um einen sanften bzw. stetigen Verlauf der Umfangslinie vom Eckbereich in eine Seitenfläche, ohne Knicke, Stufen oder ähnliches zu ermöglichen, die Umfangslinien zwischen dem ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt und der ihr zugewandten Seitenwand durch wenigstens einen zweiten Kreisbogenabschnitt mit einem zweiten Radius und wenigstens einen dritten Kreisbogenabschnitt mit einem dritten Radius auszubilden, wobei sich der zweite und der dritte Kreisbogenabschnitt an den ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt und die Seitenwand anschmiegt bzw. tangential in den ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt und die Seitenwand einläuft. Zuletzt ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, mit Blick auf das in Stranglaufrichtung auftretende Schrumpfverhalten des Strangs zur Optimierung der Wärmeabfuhr vorzusehen, dass der Abstand zwischen dem ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt am gerundet ausgebildeten Eckbereich und der Längsachse der Kokille in Stranglaufrichtung stetig abnimmt. Dadurch werden in Bezug auf die Längsachse der Kokille konisch ausgebildete Eckbereiche erzeugt. Dabei kann die Konizität der Eckbereiche unabhängig von der Konizität der Seitenflächen gestaltet sein.According to the invention, the mold, in contrast to the aforementioned prior art, on corner regions in which the maximum of the curvatures of the cross-sectional areas between the inlet region and the outlet region of the mold is at least approximately constant. Preferably, the maximum of the curvatures of the cross-sectional areas between the inlet region and the outlet region of the mold is constant, but even slight deviations should be covered by the invention. Thus, the shape of the cross-sectional areas approaches the natural shrinkage behavior of the cross-section of the continuous casting profile optimally, so that in the corner areas an optimized heat dissipation into the mold takes place. Specifically, it proposes the invention with respect to the geometry of the mold to form the circumferential lines in the region of the maximum of the curvature by a first circular arc portion having a first radius. Such a cross-sectional shape or such circumferential lines can be especially easy to make. Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention to allow a smooth or continuous course of the peripheral line from the corner area in a side surface, without kinks, steps or the like, the circumferential lines between the first circular arc portion and the side wall facing her through at least a second circular arc portion having a second radius and form at least a third circular arc portion having a third radius, wherein the second and the third circular arc portion conforms to the first circular arc portion and the side wall and tangentially into the first circular arc portion and the side wall. Finally, it is provided according to the invention, with regard to the shrinkage behavior of the strand occurring in the strand running direction, to optimize the heat removal, that the distance between the first circular arc section at the rounded corner region and the longitudinal axis of the permanent mold decreases steadily in the strand running direction. As a result, conically shaped corner regions are produced with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mold. In this case, the conicity of the corner regions can be designed independently of the conicity of the side surfaces.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kokille zum Stranggießen von Metallen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.Advantageous developments of the mold according to the invention for the continuous casting of metals are listed in the subclaims.
Je nach gewünschtem zu erzeugendem Querschnitt kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die wenigstens zwei, beidseitig des ersten Kreisbogenabschnitts angeordneten Kreisbogenabschnitte entweder dieselbe Krümmungsrichtung oder eine unterschiedliche Krümmungsrichtung aufweisen. Wesentlich dabei ist lediglich, dass die Wahl der Radien bzw. Anordnung der einzelnen Kreisbogenabschnitte derart ist, dass ein harmonischer Verlauf der Umfangslinie im Eckbereich erzielt wird, d.h., dass die Steigung einer an die Umfangslinie angelegten Tangente keine Sprünge aufweist.Depending on the desired cross-section to be generated, it may be provided that the at least two circular-arc sections arranged on both sides of the first circular-arc section have either the same direction of curvature or a different direction of curvature. The essential thing is merely that the choice of radii or arrangement of the individual circular arc sections is such that a harmonious course of the circumferential line is achieved in the corner, that is, that the slope of a tangent applied to the circumferential line has no cracks.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es darüber hinaus, wenn die Seitenwände der Querschnittsflächen als ebene Seitenwände ausgebildet sind. Eine derartige Ausbildung ermöglicht es insbesondere, den Strang nach dem Verlassen der Kokille auf einer Fördereinrichtung besonders einfach und genau führen bzw. stützen zu können, da die ebenen Seitenflächen (des Strangs) als Auflageflächen des Strangs beispielsweise auf zylindrische Förderrollen dienen, so dass der Strang auf den Förderrollen mit einer minimalen Flächenpressung, welche im Bereich der Seitenflächen darüber hinaus konstant ist, gefördert werden können.Moreover, it is particularly preferred if the side walls of the cross-sectional areas are formed as planar side walls. Such a design makes it possible in particular to lead the strand after leaving the mold on a conveyor particularly simple and accurate, since the flat side surfaces (of the strand) serve as support surfaces of the strand, for example on cylindrical conveyor rollers, so that the strand on the conveyor rollers with a minimum surface pressure, which is also constant in the area of the side surfaces, can be promoted.
Abhängig von unterschiedlichen Faktoren, wie der Kokillenlänge, der Form (gerade oder gebogen) der Längsachse der Kokille, dem Querschnitt des Strangs, dem vergossenen Metall, der Abzugsgeschwindigkeit des Strangs usw. kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Breite der Seitenflächen in Stranglaufrichtung entweder konstant ist, oder aber, vorzugsweise stetig, abnimmt.Depending on various factors, such as the mold length, the shape (straight or curved) of the longitudinal axis of the mold, the cross section of the strand, the cast metal, the withdrawal speed of the strand, etc., it may be provided that the width of the side surfaces in the strand direction either constant is, or decreases, preferably steadily.
Grundsätzlich ist es darüber hinaus zur Optimierung der eingangs erwähnten Ziele von Vorteil, wenn die Seitenwände konisch zueinander angeordnet sind, um einen stetigen, möglichst gleichmäßigen Anlagekontakt des Strangs an der Kokille zu ermöglichen.In principle, it is also to optimize the above-mentioned objectives of advantage, when the side walls are arranged conically to each other to allow a steady, uniform as possible investment contact of the strand to the mold.
Als bevorzugte geometrische Dimensionierung für die Seitenwand hat es sich herausgestellt, dass deren Breite in Bezug zur Breite des Strangquerschnitts zwischen 60% und 80% betragen soll.As a preferred geometric dimensioning for the side wall, it has been found that its width should be between 60% and 80% with respect to the width of the strand cross-section.
Um es zu ermöglichen, dass die Auslegung der Konizitätsverläufe der Eckbereiche und der Seitenflächen frei voneinander und nur mit Blick auf die zu erwartende Strangschrumpfung erfolgt, kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Seitenwände gegenüber den Eckbereichen in Bezug zur Längsachse zurückgesetzt oder nach außen verschoben angeordnet sind.In order to make it possible that the design of the Konizitätsverläufe the corner areas and the side surfaces is free from each other and only with regard to the expected strand shrinkage, it may be provided in that the side walls are set back relative to the corner areas with respect to the longitudinal axis or are displaced outwards.
Darüber hinaus hat es sich als optimal für eine gleichmäßige Wärmeabfuhr im Eckbereich erwiesen, wenn der Radius des ersten Kreisbogenabschnitts zwischen 10mm und 45mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 15mm und 30mm beträgt.In addition, it has proven to be optimal for a uniform heat dissipation in the corner, when the radius of the first arc section between 10mm and 45mm, preferably between 15mm and 30mm.
Eine weitere Optimierung der Qualität des Strangs mit Blick auf das in Stranglaufrichtung stattfindende Schrumpfverhalten des Strangs wird erzielt, wenn in Stranglaufrichtung betrachtet die Konizität der Eckbereiche, zumindest über eine Teillänge, vorzugsweise über einem Drittel der Teillänge der Kokille auf der dem Eintrittsbereich zugewandten Seite, größer ist als die Konizität der Seitenflächen, wobei sich ein Faktor zwischen 1,1 und 1,5 als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat. Als bevorzugte Konizität zwischen den Seitenflächen innerhalb der aktiven Kokillenlänge (d.h. zwischen den Gießspiegel und dem Kokillenaustritt) hat sich darüber hinaus ein Wert zwischen 0,4%/m und 2%/m erwiesen. Alternativ kann es jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Konizität der Eckbereiche abschnittsweise unabhängig von der Konizität der Seitenwände ist.A further optimization of the quality of the strand with regard to the shrinkage behavior of the strand taking place in strand direction is achieved if the conicity of the corner regions is greater, at least over a partial length, preferably over one third of the partial length of the mold on the side facing the inlet region is the taper of the side surfaces, with a factor of between 1.1 and 1.5 having been found to be advantageous. Moreover, the preferred taper between the side surfaces within the active mold length (i.e., between the mold level and the mold exit) has been found to be between 0.4% / m and 2% / m. Alternatively, however, it may also be provided that the conicity of the corner regions is partially independent of the conicity of the side walls.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing.
- Fig. 1Fig. 1
-
einen vereinfacht dargestellten Querschnitt durch eine erste Kokille in der Ebene I - I der
Fig. 2 ,a simplified cross-section through a first mold in the plane I - I ofFig. 2 . - Fig. 2Fig. 2
-
einen Längsschnitt durch die im Bereich der Querschnittsflächen der Kokille in der Ebene II - II der
Fig. 1 ,a longitudinal section through which in the region of the cross-sectional surfaces of the mold in the plane II - II ofFig. 1 . - Fig. 3Fig. 3
-
einen Längsschnitt durch die Querschnittsflächen der Kokille gemäß der
Fig. 1 in der Ebene III - III derFig. 1 ,a longitudinal section through the cross-sectional areas of the mold according to theFig. 1 in level III - III of theFig. 1 . - Fig. 4 und Fig. 54 and FIG. 5
-
jeweils Längsschnitte in der Ebene II - II der
Fig. 1 bei unterschiedlich ausgestalteten Seitenwänden,each longitudinal section in the plane II - II ofFig. 1 with differently designed side walls, - Fig. 6Fig. 6
-
eine zweite Kokille im Querschnitt bei einer gegenüber der
Fig. 1 abgewandelten Querschnittsform unda second mold in cross-section at a relative to theFig. 1 modified cross-sectional shape and - Fig. 7 bis Fig. 9FIGS. 7 to 9
-
weitere Querschnittsflächen von gegenüber den
Fig. 1 und6 modifizierten Kokillen.further cross-sectional areas of the oppositeFig. 1 and6 modified molds.
Gleiche Bauteile bzw. Elemente sind in den Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen.Identical components or elements are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
In den
Die Länge der Kokille 10 beträgt dabei typischerweise zwischen etwa 0,7m und etwa 1,0m. Ferner weist die Kokille 10 eine Längsachse 11 auf, die in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel geradlinig ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere um einen mittels der Kokille 10 geformten Strang in eine Horizontale zu überführen, damit dieser nach Austritt aus der Kokille 10 mittels einer ebenfalls nicht gezeigten Fördereinrichtung, welche typischerweise eine Vielzahl von zylindrischen Rollen aufweist, weitergefördert werden kann, ist es jedoch auch üblich, die Längsachse 11 bogenförmig auszubilden. Ferner weist die Kokille 10 einen in den
Die Kokille 10 dient der Ausbildung des Querschnitts des Strangs und dem gezielten Abkühlen bzw. Erstarren des Metalls zur Erzielung einer möglichst über den Querschnitt gesehen homogenen und hochwertigen Qualität des Strangs. Die Kokille 10 weist darüber hinaus eine lediglich in der
Die Kokille 10 bzw. die Kokillenwand 15 begrenzt eine innere Querschnittsfläche 20, in deren Bereich sich das zunächst flüssige und anschließend erstarrende Metall befindet. Entsprechend der Darstellung der
Bei dem in den
Bei dem in den
Anhand der
Wesentlich ist, dass jede Querschnittsfläche 20 zwischen dem Eintrittsbereich 12 und dem Austrittsbereich 13 der Kokille 10, die durch eine Umfangslinie 22 begrenzt bzw. ausgebildet wird, und die sich in einem Eckbereich 23 aus den drei Kreisbogenabschnitten 31 bis 33 zusammensetzt, jeweils einen ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt 32 (mit ggf. unterschiedlicher Kreisbogenlänge) mit einem ersten Radius r1 aufweist, der in Stranglaufrichtung (Pfeil 21) betrachtet konstant ist.It is essential that each
Demgegenüber verändert sich typischerweise der Radius r2 bzw. r3 des zweiten Kreisbogenabschnitts 31 und des dritten Kreisbogenabschnitts 33 in Stranglaufrichtung (Pfeil 21) betrachtet und in Abhängigkeit von der Konizität der Seitenwände 24. Mit anderen Worten gesagt bedeutet dies, dass die Krümmung K=1/r aller ersten Kreisbogenabschnitte 32 in Stranglaufrichtung (Pfeil 21) betrachtet gleich groß ist und größer als die Krümmung K im Bereich des zweiten Kreisbogenabschnitts 31 und des dritten Kreisbogenabschnitts 33. Die Krümmung K weist somit im Bereich des ersten Kreisbogenabschnitts 32 ein lokales Maximum auf, wobei die Krümmung K der Umfangslinie 22 im Eckbereich 23, ausgehend von dem ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt 32 in Richtung der Seitenflächen 24 zumindest abschnittsweise stetig abnimmt. Darüber hinaus weisen die drei Kreisbogenabschnitte 31 bis 33 bei dem in den
In der
In der
Die Querschnittsflächen 20a weisen ebenfalls vier identisch ausgebildete Eckbereiche 23a auf, die sich aus jeweils einem ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt 32a mit einem Radius r1 zusammensetzen, an den beidseitig ein zweiter Kreisbogenabschnitt 31a mit einem Radius r2 bzw. ein dritter Kreisbogenabschnitt 33a mit einem Radius r3 anschließt. Wesentlich ist, dass der erste Kreisbogenabschnitt 32a und der dritte Kreisbogenabschnitt 33a, der in die Seitenwand 38 bzw. 39 übergeht, in der gleichen Richtung gekrümmt sind. Demgegenüber ist der zweite Kreisbogenabschnitt 32a, der in die (zurückgesetzte) Seitenwand 36, 37 übergeht, in die andere Richtung gekrümmt. Jedoch weist auch die Querschnittsfläche 20a ebene Seitenwände 35 bis 39 mit der Breite b auf, wobei diese unterschiedlich breit sein können, ebenso wie die die beiden Radien r2 und r3 unterschiedlich groß sein können.The
In den
Neben den dargestellten Querschnittsflächen 20, 20a bis 20d ist es auch denkbar, davon abweichende Querschnittsformen der Kokille 10 auszubilden, die nichtsdestotrotz sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Eckbereiche 23, 23a bis 23d jeweils einen ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt aufweisen, dessen Krümmung K größer ist als die sich an den ersten Kreisbogenabschnitt beidseitig anschließenden beiden Kreisbogenabschnitte, und wobei die Krümmung K des ersten Kreisbogenabschnitts in Stranglaufrichtung betrachtet stets gleich groß ist. Darüber hinaus kann auch die konstruktive Gestaltung der Kokille 10, insbesondere deren äußere Form, je nach Anforderung, unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein und ist nicht zwingend auf Rohrkokillen beschränkt, sondern auch Blockkokillen und Kokillen in Plattenbauweise umfassen.In addition to the illustrated
- 10, 10a10, 10a
- Kokillemold
- 11, 11a11, 11a
- Längsachselongitudinal axis
- 1212
- Eintrittsbereichentry area
- 1313
- Austrittsbereichexit area
- 1515
- Kokillenwandmold wall
- 1616
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 2020
- QuerschnittsflächeCross sectional area
- 20a - 20d20a - 20d
- QuerschnittsflächeCross sectional area
- 2121
- Pfeilarrow
- 2222
- Umfangslinieperipheral line
- 22, 22b22, 22b
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 2323
- Eckbereichcorner
- 23a - 23d23a - 23d
- Eckbereichcorner
- 2424
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 24a - 24d24a - 24d
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 2525
- Verlängerungrenewal
- 3131
- zweiter Kreisbogenabschnittsecond arc section
- 31a - 31d31a - 31d
- zweiter Kreisbogenabschnittsecond arc section
- 3232
- erster Kreisbogenabschnittfirst arc section
- 32a - 32d32a - 32d
- erster Kreisbogenabschnittfirst arc section
- 3333
- dritter Kreisbogenabschnittthird arc section
- 33a - 33d33a - 33d
- dritter Kreisbogenabschnittthird arc section
- 3636
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 3737
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 3838
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 3939
- SeitenwandSide wall
- aa
- Abstanddistance
- AA
- Abstanddistance
- bb
- Breitewidth
- BB
- Breitewidth
- r1 r 1
- Radiusradius
- r2 r 2
- Radiusradius
- r3 r 3
- Radiusradius
Claims (13)
- A mold (10; 10a) for strand-casting metals, the mold comprising a mold wall (15), a straight or curved longitudinal axis (11; 11a), the mold wall (15) limiting inner cross-sectional areas (20; 20a to 20d) extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (11; 11a), an entry area (12) and an exit area (13), the strand casting direction being from the entry area (12) in the direction of the exit area (13), the cross-sectional areas (20; 20a to 20d) steadily decreasing from the entry area (12) in the direction of the exit area (13), rounded corner portions (23; 23a to 23d), side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) disposed between the corner portions (23; 23a to 23d), the corner portions (23; 23a to 23d) having curved circumferential lines (22) whose curvature (K) has a local maximum in each case, and the curvature (K) of the circumferential lines (22) steadily decreasing, at least in sections, from the local maximum in the direction of the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39),
characterized in that
in the corner portions (23; 23a to 23d), the maximum of the curvatures (K) of the cross-sectional areas (20; 20a to 20d) is constant between the entry area (12) and the exit area (13), that the circumferential lines (22) are formed by a first circular arc portion (32; 32a to 32d) with a first radius (r1) in the area of the maximum of the curvature (K), that the circumferential lines (22) have at least one second circular arc section (31; 31a to 31d) with a second radius (r2) and at least one third circular arc section (33; 33a to 33d) with a third radius (r3) between the first circular arc portion (32; 32a to 32d) and the side wall (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 29) running toward it, the second and third circular arc sections (31; 31a to 31d, 33; 33a to 33d) adjoining the first circular arc section (32; 32a to 32d) and the side wall (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39), and that the distance between the first circular arc section (32; 32a to 32d) and the longitudinal axis (11; 11a) steadily decreases in the strand casting direction. - The mold according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the first radius (r1) is between 10 mm and 45 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 30 mm. - The mold according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
at least two circular arc sections (31; 31a to 31d, 33; 33a to 33d) disposed on either side of the first circular arc section (32; 32a to 32d) have the same curvature direction. - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the at least two circular arc sections (31; 31a to 31d, 33; 33a to 33d) disposed on either side of the first circular arc section (32; 32a to 32d) have different curvature directions. - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) are plane side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39). - The mold according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the width (b) of the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) is constant in the strand casting direction. - The mold according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the width (b) of the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) decreases preferably steadily in the strand casting direction. - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) are disposed conically relative to each other. - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the width (b) of the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) is between 60 % and 80 % of the width (B) of the strand cross-section. - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) are recessed or shifted outward relative to the corner portions (23; 23a to 23d) with respect to the longitudinal axis (11; 11a). - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
viewed in the strand casting direction, preferably across about a third of the partial length of the mold (10; 10a), the conicity of the corner portions (23; 23a to 23d) is greater on the side running toward the entry area (12) than the conicity of the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39) or that, in sections, the conicity of the corner portions (23; 23a to 23d) is independent of the conicity of the side walls (24; 24a to 24d; 36 to 39). - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that
the cross-sectional areas (20; 20a) are rectangular. - The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that
the cross-sectional areas (20b; 20c; 20d) are double-T-shaped, triangular or X-shaped.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016119296.1A DE102016119296A1 (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2016-10-11 | Mold for continuous casting of metals |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3308878A1 EP3308878A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
EP3308878B1 true EP3308878B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
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EP17195608.9A Active EP3308878B1 (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-10-10 | Mould for strand casting of metals |
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DE (1) | DE102016119296A1 (en) |
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DE102017130930A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Inteco Melting And Casting Technologies Gmbh | Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal |
CN114178496B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-02-10 | 安徽马钢表面技术股份有限公司 | Arc correction device and arc correction method for heavy H-shaped steel crystallizer |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1028300B (en) * | 1956-11-12 | 1958-04-17 | Olsson Erik Allan | Mold for continuous casting |
EP0875312A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-04 | Kvaerner Metals Continuous Casting Limited | Improvements in and relating to casting |
JP2003170248A (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-17 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Mold for continuous casting and method for continuous casting of steel using the same |
ES2302894T3 (en) | 2003-12-27 | 2008-08-01 | Concast Ag | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTINUOUS COLADA OF BANK BARS AND WEAR AND CONFORMATION CAVITY OF A CONTINUOUS COLING LINGOTERA. |
-
2016
- 2016-10-11 DE DE102016119296.1A patent/DE102016119296A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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