EP3308377B1 - Sonotrode apparatus and device for acoustic levitation, and control device and method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a sonotrode or sonotrode device and a device with such a sonotrode device, in particular for examinations by means of acoustic levitation, and a control method for controlling the sonotrode / sonotrode device. In particular, the invention relates to a sonotrode device with at least the following components: a base body; a sound horn attached to the base body for emitting sound waves. Last but not least, the present invention also relates to the use of a sonotrode / sonotrode device adjusted in accordance with the invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A sonotrode can be understood as a type of loudspeaker which is connected between a frequency generator, amplifier and e.g. a reflector or a second sonotrode is arranged. The sonotrode has a very specific natural frequency, which depends on a large number of factors, which mostly cannot all be influenced, e.g. the alloy components of the material, or geometric manufacturing tolerances. The sonotrode is usually operated in the region of its natural frequency, that is to say with resonance. A standing acoustic wave can be generated between the sonotrode and the reflector.

Sonotrodes can in particular have the following components: a base body with a specific geometry and mass; a sound horn for emitting sound waves in the direction of a reflector, wherein the sound horn can be provided by means of the base body. It is known to provide the sound horn firmly on the base body. Furthermore, an electrically contactable device for sound transmission can be provided, in particular with at least one vibration element / vibration exciter, preferably made of ceramic, which is connected to the base body or is integrated into the base body. Measures can be taken on the device for sound transmission or on the base body in order to set the natural frequency of the sonotrode.

The patent DE 199 56 336 B4 describes an encapsulated device and a method for acoustic levitation, with which the mass density of the fluid to be examined is set greater than the mass density of a carrier fluid. This is intended to adequately hold the fluid to be examined in the area of the standing wave and to be able to be examined over a longer period of time. Tempering agents are provided to ensure adequate temperatures. A frequency generator, a sound transducer and a reflection device are provided for the construction of the wave field, which are described as a unit consisting of three components. The three components are arranged within an encapsulation / housing in which the wave field is also generated. The sound transducer is located directly on the frequency generator. The construction of the sound transducer is not described in detail.

For an exact setting of the sonotrode or for a clean examination or reproducible results, it is crucial to be able to adjust the natural frequency of the sonotrode in the most exact way possible. Depending on the type or structure of the sonotrode, different measures can be taken or parameters changed. Some difficulties in using sonotrodes for acoustic levitation are briefly addressed below. The present invention enables improvement to be made to these problems, whether in isolation from a single problem or all of these problems.

Sonotrodes can often not be easily adjusted. Adjustment or fine-tuning with regard to manufacturing tolerances or certain applications or environmental conditions is often not possible or only with great effort. Known devices of this type are described, for example, in documents D1 ( Danijel Borosa et al, "Comparison of the mass transport of hanging and acoustic levitating water drops in CO2", CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK ), US 4,757,227 A , JP H05 262600 A and DE 28 09 820 A1 described.
However, this would be desirable, because even the smallest variations, for example a small burr at a contact point, can influence the natural frequency of the sonotrode.

Sonotrodes can usually not be operated for more than a few hours because they overheat slightly and therefore have to cool down again or have to be actively cooled down using cooling power. Especially at high voltages, e.g. in the range of at least 300V, heating or noise occurs, and cooling and yet timely switching off of the sonotrode is required.

The patent US 4,757,227 A describes a device with a plate made of flexible material, which is mounted on a shaft. The publication DE 1207123 A describes a device in which an end piece is mounted flat on a base body. The publication script WO 02/090222 A1 describes a holding element with suction hole, especially in connection with fixing elements. The publication script US 2003/0154790 A1 indicates a temperature dependence of the natural frequency of a sonotrode. The disclosure DE 102011015973 A1 describes different geometries of a sound-emitting end piece. The pamphlets DE 20 2012 010508 U1 , US 2014/238615 A1 , US 2004/084995 A1 , US 4 074 152 A and US 3,464,102 A describe other known devices with interchangeable horns. It has been shown that the arrangements described can be improved, in particular with regard to natural frequency adjustment and with regard to the achievable accuracy.

The task is to provide a sonotrode or a device for examining substances, in particular fluids, by means of acoustic levitation, with which examinations can be facilitated or the accuracy or reproducibility of the examinations can be improved. The task can also be seen in expanding the area of application / area of application of the sonotrode or the device, that is to provide a device which can be used as universally as possible for a large number of different examinations or substances. The task also consists in providing a device which can be adjusted in a particularly exact manner and by means of which a particularly broad area of application can be opened up. Another task is to design the sonotrode or the device so that examinations / measurements can be carried out reproducibly in a simple manner or at a high professional level. Last but not least, the task is to provide a process for at least some of these aspects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

At least one of these tasks is solved by a sonotrode device according to claim 1 and a device according to the subordinate device claim and by a method according to the subordinate method claim. The features of the exemplary embodiments described below can be combined with one another, unless this is explicitly denied.

A sonotrode device is provided for providing sound waves for examinations by means of acoustic levitation and has: a base body; a sound horn for emitting / emitting sound waves, in particular in the direction of a reflector, and an electrically contactable device for sound transmission comprising a vibration exciter, which is connected to the base body on the side opposite the sound horn. According to the invention, it is proposed that the sonic horn and the base body are different parts and that the sonic horn can be mounted in a mounting point in an installation depth in the base body. In other words, the base body and sound horn together form at least two Parts, in particular two parts directly connected to one another, and can be provided as a type of assembly kit. In this way, a respective sonotrode can be set individually, in particular its natural frequency. It has been shown that material removal through sandpaper can have an effect on the natural frequency. In the case of a sonotrode device according to the invention, which can be operated at low voltage or with a low voltage source, the exact adjustment of the natural frequency is of great benefit. The user or service provider or seller of the sonotrode device can carry out a fine adjustment, even if slight manufacturing tolerances have to be permitted. The sonotrode device or the end product can be optimized largely independently of the quality or quality of the intermediate products from suppliers. Each sonotrode can also be optimized for a specific application. The adaptation or optimization of the properties of the sonotrode can be facilitated.

Up to now, adjustments to the base body could usually be made or the properties of the sonotrode could be influenced. Since the sound horn is now designed separately, fine adjustment or fine tuning can also be carried out at the connection or fastening point between the base body and the sound horn, in particular as far as possible inside in a cavity or pocket. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that a defined cavity for acoustically decoupling the sound horn from the base body is formed between a shaft of the sound horn and a wall of the cavity or pocket.
For example, the sound horn can be screwed into the base body with a specific torque, or the absolute length of the sound horn or its absolute mass can be changed minimally. Another sound horn can be used, in particular without having to replace the base body. The selection of the material of the sound horn can also be made independently of the material of the base body.

Although an exact geometry of the sonotrode device does not necessarily have to be taken into account, the separate sound horn makes it possible to vary the geometry and thus also the sound properties of the sonotrode device at least to a small extent, so that the sonotrode device can be easily optimized.

Precisely because the sonic horn can be designed as a compact, simple and preferably one-piece component, fine tuning using the sonic horn is particularly promising. It has also been shown that measures in an area in which the sound is emitted are particularly effective.
The installation depth in the base body requires the fastening point to be moved inwards. The installation depth is measured from an end face of the base body facing the sound reflector (the attachment point is removed further away from the reflector). The effect is: acoustic and / or thermal decoupling from the base body, and more effective or sensitive adjustment of the sound horn, especially the Natural frequency.

The sound horn can advantageously be reversibly mounted. Disassembly facilitates e.g. an exchange of the sonic horn. That is, the connection or fastening point can be used both for repeated (dis) assembly and for repeated readjustment, e.g. Readjustment of a screw-in torque.

The attachment point can include one or more attachment points. The attachment point can extend in the axial direction (wave propagation direction) along a section, be it along a shaft of the sonic horn, be it along a pocket or coupling in the base body. The attachment point can be provided in individual circumferential sections and / or all around.

A separate sound horn also enables a better or more direct or adjustable coupling to a device for sound transmission. A connection mechanism or a coupling between these components can be designed individually.

By designing the sound horn separately, heat development on the sonotrode device can also be reduced. It has been shown that particularly effective measures for reducing the development of heat are a low input voltage and an optimized geometry of the sonotrode device. A separate sound horn provides advantages. It has been shown that a shaft of the sonic horn can serve to decouple the sonic properties of the sonic horn from those of the base body, which enables more targeted adjustment, in particular in a manner that is as independent of the base body as possible.

In a second step, a control program or a control device can optionally also be adapted to the sonotrode device optimized by means of the coupling / connection point between the base body and the sound horn. The adaptation of the software can also take into account geometric adaptations. The control device can in particular also control a frequency generator or amplifier depending on a specific natural frequency of the sonotrode / sonotrode device. By influencing the natural frequency of the sonotrode device by means of the arrangement of the sound horn, it is possible to coordinate the control device, the sonotrode device and the frequency generator in a particularly exact manner.

The control program can be matched to the sonotrode device, for example with regard to the natural frequency, in particular with regard to the tightening torque of the sound horn, a high-pressure screw connection or a cover or flange of the sonotrode device, or with regard to pressure, temperature or also with regard to external environmental influences. These parameters have an influence on the natural frequency.
The control device can also be in communication with an amplifier of the device. The amplifier can be operated at a base frequency in the range of 50 kHz, for example.

It has been shown that not only fluids but also crystals, particles or other substances can be adequately examined using the sonotrode device according to the invention. The choice of fluids can be very wide. For example, gas bubbles in a liquid can also be examined.
It has also been shown that the sonotrode device according to the invention is suitable for particularly long-lasting investigations, for example several hours or even days, without having to be switched off.
The separate sonic horn provides an advantageous effect, especially in connection with a pocket / cavity at the coupling point. It has been shown that a bag has the advantage that vibrations cannot be easily transferred to other components, in particular a housing. The transmission of vibrations to the sonic horn can thus be made more efficient, especially in high-pressure applications. The geometry of the base body or the choice of material can also influence the maximum possible operating time or reduce the cooling effort. According to variants of the invention, no cooling is required at all.

The invention also relates to high pressure applications, e.g. in the range up to 200bar or 1000bar. Larger pressures can also be realized. A certain high pressure can e.g. by means of seals (especially 0-rings) and / or magnetic couplings. The high pressure can e.g. be built up using C02 gas. The invention also relates to a particularly wide temperature range, e.g. from -20 ° C to well over 180 ° C, e.g. up to 400 ° C, or even well over 400 ° C. The sonotrode device is set up to be used in a wide range of pressure and / or temperature. The sonotrode device can e.g. cover a temperature range from -20 ° C to 180 ° C or 250 ° C.

Waves above a frequency of 20 kHz up to the ultrasound range are preferably used, e.g. any frequency above 20kHz, e.g. in the range of 40kHz (base frequency).

Another property of the waves is the amplitude. The amplitude can be specified in the unit [Vpp], which stands for the voltage difference between two voltage peaks ("peak-topeak"). The amplitude can be, for example, in the range of 50Vpp (base voltage), corresponding to an output voltage of the frequency generator of, for example, 10Vpp, which is increased by a factor of, for example, 5 by the amplifier. The frequency generator can have a low voltage source.

A sound horn is understood to mean a part or element or a component section from which sound waves are emitted, that is, which emits sound waves to the environment, in particular in an examination room. The sound horn can also be referred to as a sound transducer or transducer plate.

As already in the patent specification DE 199 56 336 B4 mentioned, a sonic horn can have different geometries. According to the invention, the sound horn preferably has the geometry of a funnel at one end or is funnel-shaped. At the other end, the sonic horn can be rod-shaped or in the form of a shaft, in particular a round rod, so that it can also be referred to as a "pin". A taper or a smooth, steady transition or course can be provided between the one end and the other end. In other words: the diameter of the sonic horn can steadily increase towards the funnel-shaped end. The sound horn can be constructed or shaped in the manner of a valve with a valve disk arranged in front of the injection chamber in internal combustion engines. The plate-shaped end has the function of sound emission or reflection. According to a variant, the sonic horn on the shaft can also have a shoulder on which the sonic horn can be braced on the front side of the base body. The shaft advantageously has the same diameter at least in sections. The shaft advantageously has a centering. The sonic horn does not necessarily comprise a particularly long shaft, but can also essentially be formed by a transducer plate or a plate which, for example, has only a comparatively short pin or extension. Depending on the field of application, however, it has been shown that a comparatively long shaft, for example with a length at least corresponding to the diameter of the plate, can facilitate the adjustment. Because a comparatively long shaft makes it possible to shift the fixing point of the sonic horn inwards into the base body or also in the direction of a reflector away from an end face of the base body. A comparatively long shaft, in particular in connection with a pocket in the base body or in the shaft, provides far-reaching possibilities for performing the natural frequency tuning very precisely, largely independently of a specific configuration of the base body. According to a variant, the shaft is longer than the width of the base body.

In connection with the sonotrode according to the invention, which is advantageously used at low voltages below 100V, preferably even below an amplitude of 50Vpp, the most exact possible adjustment of the natural frequency is particularly expedient. This enables a highly efficient arrangement to be provided which emits little or no noise, preferably works silently, and which hardly heats up, requires no cooling, and can be used continuously over a long operating period. Compared to the usual high voltages, especially over 300V, numerous advantages can be realized by precisely matching the natural frequency in connection with a low voltage.

A low voltage or a low amplitude below 50Vpp also enables contact by a person without risk. The device can be touched. There is also no significant energy input to a sample to be examined. This opens up new fields of application.

The sound horn made of titanium (material) is preferred, in particular to enable use in a wide range of temperature and pressure.

Adjustment can be carried out in a comparatively simple manner if the sound horn is in one piece and has a comparatively long shaft, which is arranged in a pocket in the base body. The sound horn can also consist of several parts, but this can make adjustment difficult or generate additional variables that must first be understood. For example, a plate can be made separately from the shaft, which offers further adjustment options or can also provide advantages during assembly. It is important that the interface between the base body and the shaft can be set in an exact manner. Because it has been shown that an adjustment between the base body and the shaft is particularly influential or effective.

According to the invention, the sonic horn has a shaft with coupling means, which is installed in the installation depth in the fastening point in the base body. This favors decoupling. Corresponding contact surfaces favor the transmission of structure-borne noise in a definable way. Corresponding contact surfaces can be brought into contact with one another in the fastening point, in particular with predefined prestressing or contact force (pressure or surface pressure).

The sound horn can be in one piece, in particular funnel-shaped with a plate and a shaft. The sound horn can be rigid / inflexible, in particular completely made of metal or at least one metallic material.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the sonotrode device has a high-pressure-resistant housing and is set up for operation at high pressure above 200 bar, in particular up to 1000 bar. Furthermore, the sonotrode device can be set up to provide the sound waves at low voltage, in particular in such a way that the amplitude of emitted sound waves remains below 50 Vpp. The sonotrode device may have a low voltage source.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the sonic horn is centered on the base body, in particular on a shaft of the sonic horn. This enables the sound hom to be aligned very precisely, even with a comparatively long shaft or a comparatively large installation depth. The centering is preferably provided in the pocket. The centering can be provided by the coupling means.

According to one embodiment, the fastening point is set up for positive and / or non-positive fastening, in particular for reversible fastening. This enables different variants and offers great flexibility when adjusting. The sonic horn can e.g. be screwed to the base body with a predefined tightening torque. For this purpose, it is advantageous if attack surfaces for a tool are provided on the sonic horn, in particular key surfaces for an open-ended wrench, preferably on a conical section of the plate. The fastening point advantageously also includes a fit and / or a centering. Both measures can enable a particularly precise alignment of the sonic horn.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the base body has coupling means comprising a cavity or pocket for fastening / coupling the sonic horn in the fastening point, in particular comprising a cavity or pocket, the coupling means preferably being positive and / or non-positive, for example having a thread, in particular an internal thread. Alternatively or additionally, the sonic horn can have coupling means, in particular an external thread corresponding to the internal thread. The thread or a comparable mechanical connection of the coupling means can e.g. be provided in a blind hole. The attachment point can be defined by the hole.

The pocket can have different geometries, in particular depending on the geometry of the shaft. For example, an outer surface area of the shaft extends parallel to the inner surface area of the pocket, at least in sections. The inside surface of the bag can e.g. be cylindrical. Depending on the design of the base body and sound horn, the pocket can be deeper than wide, or wider than deep. A bottom of the pocket can be wider than the diameter of the shaft, which promotes decoupling.

It has been shown that a cavity or pocket can cause acoustic decoupling from the base body. For example, vibrations can be better dampened. The cavity can be provided, for example, by a bore. The cavity can also have multiple pockets or Have paragraphs that follow one another in cascade. Likewise, a bag can also have steps or shoulders, in particular all around. The coupling between the horn and base body can also be shifted further inwards into the base body. This results in advantages during adjustment. The attachment point of the sonic horn can be moved inwards, in particular by means of a comparatively long shaft of the sonic horn. This can influence a distance between the sound horn and the device for sound transmission.

The coupling means can comprise a largely freely selectable type of connection / attachment, e.g. in the manner of a bayonet mechanism, a screw connection, a locking mechanism, and / or a fit.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the fastening point or the coupling means comprises a fit, in particular a press fit or a very tight fit or a very tight fit. For example, a diameter of an outer lateral surface of the sonic horn can be defined in relation to the inner diameter of a bore in the base body. By means of a fit, the sound horn can also be aligned particularly precisely, for example. A fit can be provided in addition or as an alternative to centering.

According to a variant, a pocket can alternatively or additionally be provided on the sound horn, in particular in connection with an internally threaded bore. The respective bag can e.g. be provided by a bore. The respective bag can e.g. have an inside diameter that is 1.2 to 3 times larger than the diameter of an internally threaded hole. With regard to the thinnest possible shaft, it can be advantageous to design the pocket on the base body.

According to the invention, the sonotrode device has an electrically contactable device for sound transmission, in particular comprising at least one vibration element, preferably made of ceramic, which is connected to the base body, the base body having fastening means for fastening / coupling the device for sound transmission, the fastening means preferably having a shape and / or are non-positive. So far, the properties of the sonotrode could only be influenced by adjusting the sound transmission device (e.g. its attachment to the base body). Since the sound horn is now also designed separately, it can be fine-tuned or fine-tuned at several connection points or couplings. The sound horn can be attached to the base body, and the device for transmitting sound can also be attached to the base body, in particular opposite the sound horn on an opposite end face of the base body. Optionally, the sound transmission device and the sound horn can also be in direct contact.

A device for the transmission of sound is to be understood as an oscillatable assembly connected to a frequency generator or amplifier, which is e.g. is screwed to the base body by means of a screw. The device for sound transmission can be constructed as a "sandwich", i.e. have several vibration exciters, e.g. (Ceramic) blocks or disks, in particular piezoceramics.

The device for sound transmission can e.g. be attached to the base body using a (ceramic) screw. Here, e.g. the properties of the sonotrode device can also be influenced by the choice of the material of individual components of the device for sound transmission. A piezoceramic is preferably used as the vibration element, in particular in the form of a ceramic block or a ceramic disk.

The fastening means can comprise a largely freely selectable mechanism, e.g. a bayonet mechanism, a screw connection, a locking mechanism, a fit.

Furthermore, the sonotrode device can have a connection mechanism for connecting the sound horn and the device for sound transmission, the connection mechanism can be designed positively and / or non-positively. The connection mechanism enables further fine-tuning measures. The sound horn can, for example, be brought into direct contact with the device for sound transmission and / or be biased thereon. The connection mechanism can be provided by the two parts sound horn and device for sound transmission. In particular, an inner end of the sound horn can be designed to correspond geometrically to an inner end of the device for sound transmission. The connection mechanism can function or be designed independently of the base body. For example, the base body has a through hole in which the connection mechanism can be arranged. Coupling means and fastening means are provided independently of the connecting mechanism.

Furthermore, the sonotrode device can have a coupling for fastening the sound horn to / in the base body and / or on / the device for sound transmission, the coupling being positive and / or non-positive. The coupling can be set up for the direct connection of sound horn and device for sound transmission. The sound hom and the device for sound transmission can also be braced against one another by means of the coupling. The coupling can optionally have two or three coupling points / points, namely a coupling point for the device for sound transmission and the sound horn and a coupling point for positioning the coupling in the base body. The coupling can optionally be anchored in the base body so that the two parts can each be mounted directly on the coupling. Coupling means and fastening means are provided on the coupling.

In contrast to a connection mechanism, which can also be provided independently of the base body, the coupling is arranged in a predefined coupling point on the base body or is intended to be arranged therein. The coupling thus enables two parts to be coupled to the base body in only one coupling point.

According to an advantageous exemplary embodiment, a distance between an inner end of the sound horn and an inner end of the device for sound transmission can be predefined or set. Alternatively or additionally, the installation depth of the sonic horn in the base body or the installation depth in the sonic horn can be predefined or adjustable. Alternatively or additionally, an installation depth of the device for sound transmission in the base body can be predefined or adjustable. As a result, parameters of the sonotrode device can be adjusted in a flexible manner, in particular the natural frequency.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a / the shaft of the sonic horn is guided through a bushing which is resistant to high pressure. According to one exemplary embodiment, a / the shaft of the sonic horn is sealed in / through a high-pressure-resistant housing, in particular by means of at least one seal arranged radially on the shaft and / or at least one high-pressure-resistant seal arranged on the end face. This arrangement extends the area of application of the device.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by a sonotrode device for providing sound waves for examinations by means of acoustic levitation, with a base body; a sound horn for emitting sound waves towards a reflector; wherein the sonic horn and the base body are different parts and the sonic horn is mounted in an attachment point at an installation depth in the base body, the sonic horn having a shaft with coupling means which is mounted in the installation depth in the attachment point in the base body, in particular mounted in such a way that the natural frequency of the sonotrode device can be defined by means of or at the attachment point, the sonotrode device having a high-pressure-resistant housing and being set up for operation at high pressure above 200 bar, in particular up to 1000 bar, the shaft being guided through a housing and is sealed therein, in particular by means of at least one seal arranged radially on the shaft and / or at least one high-pressure-resistant seal arranged on the end face, and wherein the sonotrode device is set up to provide the sound waves at low voltage, in particular such rt that the amplitude emitted sound waves remains below 50Vpp. This results in numerous of the advantages mentioned above.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by a sonotrode device for providing sound waves for examinations by means of acoustic levitation, with a base body; a sound horn for emitting sound waves towards a reflector; wherein the sonic horn and the base body are different parts and the sonic horn is mounted in an attachment point at an installation depth in the base body, the sonic horn having a shaft with coupling means which is mounted in the installation depth in the attachment point in the base body, wherein the attachment point is set up for positive and / or non-positive attachment, the base body or the shaft coupling means comprising a cavity or pocket for coupling the sonic horn in the attachment point, the installation depth of the sonic horn in the base body or the installation depth in Sound horn is adjustable, in particular adjustable such that the natural frequency of the sonotrode device can be defined by means of or at the attachment point. This results in numerous of the advantages mentioned above.

As mentioned, at least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by a device according to the corresponding independent claim, in particular for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, the device having at least one sonotrode device according to the invention and for operation at high pressure up to over 200 bar and / or at Low voltage vibration amplitudes, especially below 50Vpp, is set up. The device can be generally configured to examine and / or fix substances, samples or objects, in particular by means of acoustic levitation. The device can be suitable for examinations both in the overpressure and in the underpressure range.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by a device with at least one sonotrode for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, in particular with at least one sonotrode device according to the invention, the device having a control device which is set up, the sonotrode / sonotrode device and / or Frequency generator and / or amplifier of the device can either be controlled manually by a user or controlled automatically by means of an autopilot, in particular as a function of pressure and / or temperature measurements.

The control device is preferably set up to switch between autopilot and manual guidance. For this purpose, the device preferably has an audiovisual input mask, e.g. a touchscreen. For example, the control device is set up to adapt the frequency and / or amplitude or to implement a frequency and / or amplitude change manually specified by the operator.

According to an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the control device of the device is adapted to at least one parameter, in particular the natural frequency of the sonotrode / sonotrode device, in particular by the control device being adapted to a / the fastening point or the installation depth on the base body of the sonotrode or sonotrode device. In other words: The control device can control the frequency generator or amplifier depending on how / where the sound horn is attached to the base body. The control device can set the natural frequency, in particular by calculating it based on pressure and / or temperature measured values. The sonotrode device can be adjusted or fine-tuned beforehand with regard to certain pressure and / or temperature conditions.

There may be a direct dependency between the sonotrode device and the control device or its software. Based on the adjustment of the sonotrode device, a function or dependency can be determined, on the basis of which the natural frequency can be calculated and the sound-generating components can be specified as the working or operating frequency.

Furthermore, the device can preferably also have a pressure measuring device and / or a temperature measuring device, each of which detects measured values within the housing, the respective measuring device preferably being in communication with a / the control device of the device. This structure enables exact control of the sonotrode device as a function of a large number of different parameters / measured values.

According to an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the device is set up to operate the sonotrode device without cooling energy without active cooling, in particular over a period of at least several hours, for example at least three or five hours. Completely dispensing with coolant or actively introducing cooling power not only has energetic advantages, but also enables high accuracy of the examinations and a simple structure, especially in a high-pressure cell. The sonotrode device can be operated in such a way, in particular by means of the control device based on temperature measurement values, that the sonotrode device works in a temperature equilibrium without cooling and cooling is not necessary. Last but not least, this increases operational safety. Inadequate cooling cannot lead to the termination of a test. In other words, the sonotrode device according to the invention is extremely robust, requires little maintenance and is also useful for lengthy investigations with high demands on accuracy.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also achieved, as mentioned, by a method for controlling a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, in accordance with the corresponding independent claim, the sonotrode / sonotrode device applying a frequency as a function of its natural frequency the sonotrode device is operated at high pressure, in particular up to more than 200 bar, and / or at low-voltage vibration amplitudes, in particular below 50 Vpp, the frequency preferably being predefined based on actual temperature values and / or actual pressure values. The temperature and pressure values can be predefined in a control device, which determines the frequency with which the frequency generator is to act on the sonotrode based on the natural frequency of the sonotrode.

A control device in the sense of the invention can be set up to apply a frequency to the sonotrode / sonotrode device as a function of its natural frequency and of actual temperature values and / or actual pressure values in the area of the sonotrode / sonotrode device, in particular at high pressure above 200 bar and / or at vibration amplitudes below 50Vpp.

The control device is preferably also in communication with the reflector or a further sonotrode device, in particular in order to be able to control / regulate a distance between the reflector and the sound horn. The reflector can be displaceable in order to be able to adapt the distance to the sonotrode device and to adjust the arrangement with respect to the standing wave or the predetermined wavelength or to carry out a type of fine tuning. The intensity of the sound field can be adjusted. In particular, the shape of the substance / fluid suspended in the wave field can be changed.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by using a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, the sonotrode / sonotrode device having a natural frequency which is determined by the type of attachment and / or by the location of the Attachment of a sound horn of the sonotrode / sonotrode device to a base body of the sonotrode / sonotrode device is defined.

At least one of the above-mentioned tasks is also achieved by using a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, in a device for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, the sonotrode / sonotrode device being used in a Low voltage is operated, in particular at below 50Vpp for the voltage magnitude, which describes an amplitude of the acoustic wave generated.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by the use of a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, in a device for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, a shaft of a sonic horn of the sonotrode / sonotrode device having a predefined tightening torque in a pocket in predefined installation depth is coupled to a base body of the sonotrode / sonotrode device. This enables the natural frequency of the sonotrode to be influenced.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also achieved by using a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, in a device for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, with a sound horn of the sonotrode / sonotrode device, in particular a shaft of the sound horn a wall of the device is guided and is arranged in an examination room separately from a base body of the sonotrode / sonotrode device and is sealed or soundproofed with respect to the base body, and the sonotrode device (10) is operated at high pressure above 200 bar and / or at vibration amplitudes below 50 Vpp becomes.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by using a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, in a device for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, the sonotrode / sonotrode device being controlled by a control device as a function of its natural frequency.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by using a control device for controlling a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, the control device being individually adapted to at least one parameter of the sonotrode / sonotrode device, in particular its natural frequency.

At least one of the aforementioned tasks is also solved by a method for producing or providing a sonotrode, in particular a sonotrode device according to the invention, according to the corresponding independent claim, wherein a shaft of a sound horn in a pocket in a predefined installation depth or in the shaft on a base body the sonotrode / sonotrode device is attached, the natural frequency of the sonotrode / sonotrode device being adjusted or defined by the attachment. The sonic horn is preferably attached separately to the base body independently of other components of the sonotrode. The sonic horn can e.g. be screwed onto the base body manually or automatically with a specified tightening torque. Optionally, the sound horn can be attached to the base body, in particular braced, together with a device for transmitting sound.

Summary: Sonotrodes are used in the investigation of substances based on acoustic levitation. In order to obtain a reproducible measurement result or to expand the possible uses of such devices, the respective sonotrode has to meet a whole range of requirements. It is particularly important to precisely tune the frequency and ensure that the sonotrode and frequency generator work together properly. The present invention proposes that a sound horn and a base body of the sonotrode are provided as different parts and the sound horn can be mounted in a certain way in the base body, in particular for operation at low voltage such that the amplitude is below 50Vpp remains. Heat build-up can be avoided by selecting the structure of the sonotrode so that the operating voltage is at a comparatively low maximum low-voltage value, for example a maximum of 50Vpp. The present invention further relates to a control or production method for such a sonotrode device. It is possible to expand the area of application and to improve the reproducibility or quality of the measurement results.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

• Figur 1 in einer teilgeschnittenen Seitenansicht in schematischer Darstellung eine Sonotrode/Sonotrodenvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• Figur 2 in einer teilgeschnittenen Seitenansicht in schematischer Darstellung eine Sonotrode/Sonotrodenvorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• Figur 3 in einer teilgeschnittenen Seitenansicht in schematischer Darstellung eine Sonotrode/Sonotrodenvorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• Figur 4 in schematischer Darstellung ein Gerät zum Untersuchen von Stoffen mittels akustischer Levitation gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• Figur 5 in teilgeschnittener Seitenansicht in schematischer Darstellung eine Sonotrode/Sonotrodenvorrichtung gemäß einem nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figuren 6A, 6B jeweils in geschnittener Seitenansicht in schematischer Darstellung eine Sonotrode/Sonotrodenvorrichtung gemäß einem der Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung jeweils an einem Gehäuse bzw. einer Hochdrucksichtzelle montiert;
• Figur 6C eine Sonotrode/Sonotrodenvorrichtung gemäß einem nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel; und
• Figur 7 in schematisierter Form eine Übersicht zu einer Benutzerführung bzw. zu Steuerungs- oder Einstellschritten eines Geräts bzw. einer Steuerungseinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

The invention is described in more detail in the following drawing figures, reference being made to the other drawing figures for reference signs which are not explicitly described in a respective drawing figure. Show it:

• Figure 1 in a partially sectioned side view in schematic representation a sonotrode / sonotrode device according to an embodiment of the invention;
• Figure 2 a partially sectioned side view in a schematic representation of a sonotrode / sonotrode device according to a further embodiment of the invention;
• Figure 3 a partially sectioned side view in a schematic representation of a sonotrode / sonotrode device according to a further embodiment of the invention;
• Figure 4 a schematic representation of a device for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation according to an embodiment of the invention;
• Figure 5 a partially sectioned side view in a schematic representation of a sonotrode / sonotrode device according to an embodiment not according to the invention;
• Figures 6A, 6B each in a sectional side view in a schematic representation of a sonotrode / sonotrode device according to one of the exemplary embodiments of the invention, each mounted on a housing or a high-pressure view cell;
• Figure 6C a sonotrode / sonotrode device according to an embodiment not according to the invention; and
• Figure 7 in schematic form an overview of user guidance or control or setting steps of a device or a control device according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the Fig. 1 A sonotrode device 10 with a base body 11, in particular a first final mass, with a (second) final mass 17, a device for sound transmission 12 with a first electrode 12.7 and a second electrode 12.8 and with a sound hom 13 is shown. The horn 13 is preferably made of metal. The two electrodes each contact a vibration element 12.1, 12.2, in particular a piezoceramic. The respective electrical contact 12.4 can be made on the end faces. The number of electrodes or vibrating elements is variable. Fastening means 12.3, in particular a screw with an external thread, fix these components to the base body 11 in the manner of a sandwich. The fastening means 12.3 can / can clamp the five components 12.1, 12.2, 12.7, 12.8, 17 arranged in series to the base body 11.

In the Fig. 1 the sonotrode device 10 is shown aligned in the vertical direction. In operation, the sonotrode device 10 can also be oriented in the horizontal direction rotated by 90 ° ( Fig. 3 ).

The base body 11 has at least one coupling means or coupling element 11.1 for the sound horn. In the example shown, the coupling means comprises an internal thread. Furthermore, the base body 11 has on a first end face 11.3 a cavity or pocket 11.7 on which the coupling means 11.1 are formed or from which the coupling means 11.1 extend in the direction of the device for sound transmission 12, in particular parallel to the fastening means 12.3 or along the same geometric axis. The pocket 11.7 has, for example, a positive effect on the heat development of the sonotrode device.

The sound horn 13 has corresponding coupling means 13.1, in particular comprising an external thread which is provided on a shaft 13.5, in particular at the end of the shaft. The coupling means 13.1 can comprise a centering 13.Sb, in particular a fit in addition to a screw connection. The position of the centering 13.5b can deviate from the arrangement shown, in particular if the centering is also intended to influence the installation depths or the position at which structure-borne noise is transmitted from the base body to the sound horn. Such centering is only in Fig. 1 indicated, can also be provided for the sound horns according to the further exemplary embodiments. A centering arranged on an outer edge of the pocket 11.7 enables a particularly exact alignment of the shaft 13.5. The sound horn 13 has a plate 13.7 at a free end. Sound waves can be emitted and reflected from plate 13.7.

Opposite the sound horn 13, the base body 11 has fastening means 11.2 for the device for transmitting sound, in particular comprising an internal thread. The fastening means 11.2 are preferably arranged along the same geometric axis as the coupling means 11.1, or at least parallel thereto. The shaft has an installation depth of x2 ( Fig. 3 , 5 ) in the fastening point P2 in the base body.

The first vibration element 12.1 comes to rest on a second end face 11.4 of the base body 11. The fastening means 12.3 comes to rest on an end face 17.4 of the second end mass 17. The second end mass 17 has a through hole 17.6 through which the fastening means 12.3 is passed. According to a variant, an internal thread corresponding to the fastening means 12.3 is only formed on the base body 11.

The separate sound horn 13 can now be fastened to the base body 11 in different ways, in particular without having to change the fastening of the device for sound transmission. In this case, particularly suitable form-fitting and / or non-positive coupling means 11.1 can also be specifically designed. For example, the distance between the plate 13.7 and the end face 11.3 can be set.

In Fig. 2 a variant is shown in which the horn 13 is also connected directly to the fastening means 12.3. Here, the base body 11 has a through hole 11.6 through which the fastening means 12.3 is passed. A connection mechanism 15 for connecting the horn 13 and the device for sound transmission 12 or the fastening means 12.3 ensures that these components can be coupled directly to one another in terms of vibration technology. The fastener (s) 12.3 can / can clamp the five components 12.1, 12.2, 12.7, 12.8, 17 arranged in series to the base body 11 and also tension the horn 13 with the base body 11 or the device for sound transmission 12. The connecting mechanism 15 can comprise, for example, an internally threaded bore in the shaft 13.5, which is designed to correspond to an external thread of the fastening means 12.3. The fastening means 12.3 does not necessarily have to interact directly with the base body 11.

Using the example of Fig. 2 a fit 13.5d is also shown, which is formed on a section of the shaft 13.5. The indicated position can also vary. Such a fit is only in Fig. 2 indicated, can also be provided for the sound horns according to the further exemplary embodiments.

In Fig. 3 A variant is shown in which a sound hom 13 is fastened in a fastening point P2 or at least one mounting point on the base body 11, the position of the sound horn 13 at the fastening point P2 being adjustable, for example by means of a predefined tightening torque. The shaft 13 .5 can form a fit together with the coupling means 11.1, at least in sections. The coupling means 11.1 can ensure a fit or are set up, for example, for a press fit. An inner end 13 .5a of the sonic horn is arranged at an installation depth / installation depth x2, in particular measured from the corresponding one End face 11.3 to the inner end 13 .5a. The installation depth x2 can be defined regardless of the dimensions of the pocket. According to a variant, the installation depth x2 can correspond to the depth of the pocket 11.7. In the in Fig. 3 In the arrangement shown, the sound horn can be pushed even further into the base body until corresponding end-face contact surfaces 11 a, 13. 5 a are brought into contact with one another. The inner end of the sound hom is arranged at a distance x 1 from an inner end of the device for sound transmission 12 or the fastening means 12.3. The installation depth x2 and optionally also the distance xl can be varied, especially manually. The device for sound transmission 12 is fastened in a fastening point P1 or a mounting point on the base body 11. An inner end of the device for sound transmission 12 or the fastening means 12.3 is arranged at a mounting depth / installation depth x3, in particular measured from the corresponding end face 11.4.

The in the Fig. 3 shown variant can with the features of in the Figures 1 and 2 shown variants can be combined. In particular, a connection mechanism 15 or a coupling can optionally also be provided.

Fig. 4 shows a device 100 for examining substances by means of acoustic levitation, which has a frequency generator 101, a reflector 102, a preferably high-pressure-resistant and / or thermally insulated housing 103 or a corresponding housing, a / the sonotrode device 10 and at least one temperature measuring device 30 and at least one Pressure measuring device 40 and further comprises a control device 50 connected thereto. A wave field W is generated within the housing 103 between the sonotrode device 10 and the reflector 102. The control device 50 can communicate with the measuring devices 30, 40 of the sonotrode device 10, the reflector 102 and / or the frequency generator 101. A control panel 60 with an optical or opto-acoustic input mask or display / touchscreen is arranged on a outside of the device 100 so that it is accessible to a user.

Furthermore, first and second seals or sealing systems 105, 107 are indicated. The seals enable a structure that is compatible with high pressure. The seals can e.g. be set up for a pressure difference in the range of 200bar or 1000bar. The seals can also provide sound insulation for individual components in relation to one another. A first sealing system 105 can e.g. relate to the sealing of individual components of the sonotrode device 10 or the housing 103, and a second sealing system 107 can e.g. relate to the sealing of individual measuring devices 30, 40. Each sealing system can include one or more 0-rings. Seals in the form of 0-rings can also have a sound-absorbing function. The arrangement of the seals / sealing systems is only given as an example and can differ. For example, seals can also be provided directly on the sonotrode device 10.

In Fig. 5 A sonotrode device 10 is shown with a base body 11 which has a pin 11.8 on an end face 11.3 facing the reflector (not shown). The pin 11.8 can be part of coupling means 11.1 or provide them. The coupling means 11.1 in this case comprise an external thread which is formed on the pin 11.8. The sonic horn 13 has a cavity 13 .8 that is geometrically designed to correspond to the pin 11.8. Coupling means 13 .1 of the sonic horn 13 are formed in this cavity 13.8 and comprise an internal thread. As an alternative to the thread, alternative types of positive and / or non-positive coupling can be provided. Optionally, a pocket can also be provided on the sonic horn, which, for example, has an inside diameter that is 1.2 to 2 times larger than the diameter of the cavity 13.8. The cavity and pocket can then merge into one another on a shoulder. As in Figure 6C indicated, the attachment can be carried out, for example, exclusively on a bottom of the cavity 13.8. The shaft is installed in the installation depth x2 in the fastening point P2 on the base body.

In the 6A, 6B and 6C some possible variants for the type of assembly of a sonotrode device according to the invention are indicated. Since the sound horn 13 is designed separately from the base body 11 , the assembly can be carried out in a particularly flexible manner.

For example, the sound horn 13 can be braced with the base body 11 on a housing wall, for example on a wall of a high-pressure viewing cell ( 6A, 6C ). Optionally, the shaft 13.5 of the sonic horn 13 can also be guided through the wall without being braced ( Figure 6B ).

Shows in detail Figure 6A a sound horn 13 with a front plate 13.7a and a rear plate or shoulder 13.7b, wherein the rear plate 13.7b can be pressed / pretensioned in the manner of a shoulder on the outside of the housing 103. The end face 11.3 of the base body 11 can also be prestressed on an inner side of the housing 103. The base body 11 can be arranged outside of an examination chamber. Two types of seals 105, 107 are provided between the sonotrode device 10 and the wall, both types being able to be embodied, for example, as 0-ring seals. A seal 105 is arranged on the shaft 13.5, which can center the shaft 13.5 in the opening of the wall (in particular optionally also in addition to a centering provided in the fastening point P2) and can acoustically decouple the horn 13 from the wall. A seal 107, which can withstand a comparatively large prestressing / compressive force, is arranged on the end faces. The sonotrode device 10 can be arranged at a predefinable angle relative to the wall and thereby aligned. The respective seal can be arranged, for example, on a shoulder, not shown, or in a groove. An acoustic decoupling can also be effected by means of this sealing system 107. The end face 11.3 and the side of the rear plate 13.7b facing the base body 11 can be aligned parallel to one another, which enables the horn 13 to be mounted in different rotational positions.

This in Figure 6B The sonic horn 13 shown is guided through a feedthrough 103.1 in which a 0-ring seal 105 held in a groove is arranged. Additional seals are not necessary. The seal 105 comes to rest on the shaft 13.5, the shaft 13.5 having, for example, a shoulder, a groove and / or a corresponding sealing surface for the arrangement of the seal 105. The base body, not shown, does not have to be attached to the wall, but can be attached to another part of the housing. In the Figure 6B The arrangement shown enables a particularly good acoustic decoupling of the horn 13 from the housing, even if the horn has to be arranged, for example, in a high-pressure viewing cell. The sealing or acoustic decoupling can be carried out by means of a single seal. Last but not least, this enables assembly / adjustment in a simple or flexible manner.

Figure 6C shows a pretensioned sonotrode device 10 with a pin 11.8, for example according to the Fig. 5 . The pin 11, 8 can therefore also be significantly longer than the corresponding cavity or pocket 13, 8, the coupling means 11.1 preferably being provided only in a front region of the pin. For example, a shoulder, a groove and / or a corresponding sealing surface for arranging the seal 105 is provided in a central or rear region of the journal. In other words, the pin 11.8 is set up to ensure both a coupling function and a sealing function. The seals 107 abutting on the end face can have larger dimensions, in particular a larger diameter than the seal 105, in particular in order to be able to absorb pressure / prestressing forces and / or to be able to set a sealing effect in the most exact possible way. Fig. 7 shows a flowchart for an exemplary menu navigation in a control of a sonotrode according to the invention. Individual steps of a starting process of a device according to the invention for examinations by means of acoustic levitation are indicated by a dashed line as the starting method, comprising steps S 1 to S4. In step S 1 , a user turns on the device. In step S2, the device switches to standby mode. A PC is switched on in step S3. Examination software is started in step S4.

After switching on the device, the user is shown a menu as described here by way of example, including the following options 01 to 06: 01 VIDEO UPLOAD, 02 LIVE METERING, 03 TUTORIAL, 04 SETTINGS, 05 QUIT, 06 ABOUT. Different user instructions can be carried out on the basis of this input mask. It can also be operated with regard to the examination and measurement of physical substance data, in particular via one or more menu items.

The user can then e.g. Start a measurement (LIVE METERING) (step S5) and select (step S6) whether the control should take place automatically in autopilot mode (selection point Cla) or manually (selection point Clb), especially during operation (selection point Cl). The selection points C2, C3 can also be buttons or buttons 61 on which the frequency (C2) and the amplitude (C3) can be set, which is also displayed in each case (D 1, D2), and which automatically in response to an input can be taken over by a control device (step S9). A working or operating frequency is set, in particular as a function of pressure and / or temperature values, which e.g. can be measured in a housing by means of respective measuring devices / sensors, also continuously. In particular, the signal shape (V1), in particular square wave, and the base frequency (V2), e.g. 40 kHz, and the base amplitude (V3), e.g. 10 Vpp can be set. The frequency can be automatically adopted by the activated autopilot (step S8). After setting these parameters, the sound wave field can be generated and a sample can be examined (step S7; "channel on"). The placeholders R1, R2 stand for a sum of operating status data for a specific examination, in particular for rectangular signal shape and frequency determination from a formula that takes pressure and temperature into account and a base amplitude of e.g. 10 Vpp (R1); or for amplifier properties such as impedance, e.g. 50 ohms and AC voltage (R2).

The user can optionally work with film sequences (VIDEO UPLOAD). The user can choose to load or display technical information or operating instructions (TUTORIAL). The user can either make settings on the software of the control device or on the device (SETTINGS). This can also be used to carry out an adjustment or fine tuning, in particular by adapting the control device to parameters such as the natural frequency of the sonotrode device. The user can either leave the input mask again (QUIT), in particular to switch off the device, or can display contact information or access data or program or device versions (ABOUT).

The input program, which is only roughly described here, or the control device that can be operated with it, simplifies the manual or automated execution of measurements and recording of measurement results, as well as the diagnosis or remote maintenance of the device. Investigations can be carried out at a high standardized or professional level, especially reproducible for third parties. Out Fig. 7 shows that the levitation measurement can be carried out at a comparatively very low base amplitude in the range of 10 Vpp, which is advantageous in particular with regard to high-pressure applications.

Reference list

• 10 sonotrode device
• 11 basic body, in particular (first) final mass
• 11.1 Coupling means or coupling element for sonic horn
• 11. The contact surface geometrically corresponds to the contact surface on the shaft
• 11.2 Fasteners for sound transmission equipment, especially threads
• 11.3 first end face, in particular facing the reflector
• 11.4 second face, in particular pointing towards the device for sound transmission
• 11.6 Through hole
• 11. 7 cavity or pocket
• 11.8 cones
• 12 Device for sound transmission / emission
• 12.1 Vibration element / vibration exciter, in particular (first) piezoceramic
• 12.2 Vibration element / vibration exciter, in particular (second) piezoceramic
• 12.3 Fasteners, especially screws
• 12.4 electrical contacting
• 12.7 (first) electrode
• 12.8 (second) electrode
• 13 sonic horn
• 13.1 coupling means or coupling element
• 13.5 shaft
• 13.5a inner end
• 13. 5b centering
• 13.5c face with geometrically corresponding contact surface to the contact surface of the
• Coupling agent
• 13.5d fit
• 13.7 plates
• 13.7a front plate
• 13.7b rear plate
• 13.8 cavity or pocket
• 15 Connection mechanism for connecting the sound transmission device with the sound horn
• 17 (second) final mass
• 17.4 end face
• 17.6 Through hole
• 30 temperature measuring device
• 40 pressure measuring device
• 50 control device
• 60 control panels with optical or opto-acoustic input mask or display / touchscreen
• 61 touch surface
• 100 Device for examining and / or fixing substances, samples or objects, in particular by means of acoustic levitation
• 101 frequency generator
• 102 reflector
• 103 housing or housing, preferably resistant to high pressure and / or thermally insulated
• 103 .1 Execution, opening, access
• 105 first seal or first sealing system
• 107 second seal or second sealing system
• Cl, Cla, C1b, C2, C3 Selection points or decision options for a user
• D 1, D2 display with displayed parameter
• 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 options for one user
• P1 attachment point / mounting point for sound transmission device
• P2 mounting point / mounting point for sonic horn
• Rl, R2 placeholder for operating status data and optionally also display
• S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 steps when operating the device
• V1, V2, V3 variables or adjustable parameters
• W wave field
• x1 Distance between the inner end of the sound horn and the inner end of the sound transmission device
• x2 installation depth of the sonic horn, especially measured from the corresponding face
• x3 installation depth of the sound transmission device, in particular measured from the corresponding end face

Claims (12)

1. Sonotrode apparatus (10) for providing sound waves for acoustic levitation studies, comprising:

   - a base body (11);

   - a sound horn (13) for emitting sound waves toward a reflector (102);

   wherein the sound horn (13) and the base body (11) are different parts and the base body (11) comprises a cavity or pocket (11.7) with coupling means (11.1) for coupling the sound horn (13) at a fastening point (P2),
   and wherein the sound horn (13) comprises a shaft (13.5) with an inner end (13.5a) which is mounted on the coupling means (11.1) at the fastening point (P2) at an installation depth (x2) in the cavity or pocket (11.7) in the base body (11),

   - an electrically contactable device for sound transmission (12) comprising an oscillation exciter which is connected to the base body (11) on the side opposite the sound horn (13),

   characterised in that
   a defined cavity is formed between the shaft (13.5) and the wall of the cavity or pocket (11.7) for acoustic decoupling of the sound horn (13) from the base body (11).
2. Sonotrode device according to claim 1,
   wherein,
   the inner end of the shaft comprises coupling means (13.1), the shaft being mountable therewith at the installation depth (x2) at the fastening point (P2) in the base body.
3. Sonotrode device according to claim 1 or 2,
   wherein,
   the sonotrode device comprises a high-pressure-resistant housing (103) and is set up for operation at high pressure above 200 bar, in particular up to 1000 bar, and/or wherein the sonotrode device is set up for providing the sound waves at low voltage, in particular in such a way that the amplitude of emitted sound waves essentially remains below 50 Vpp, and/or wherein the sonotrode device comprises a low-voltage source.
4. Sonotrode device according to claim 1,
   wherein,
   the fastening point is arranged for positive and/or non-positive fastening, wherein the fastening point preferably also comprises a fit (13.5d) and/or a centering (13.5b).
5. Sonotrode device according to one of the preceding claims,
   wherein,
   a distance (xI) between the inner end (13.5a) of the sound horn and an inner end of the device for sound transmission (12) is adjustable, or wherein the installation depth (x2) of the sound horn in the base body or the installation depth in the sound horn is adjustable, or wherein an installation depth (x3) of the device for sound transmission (12) in the base body (11) is adjustable.
6. Sonotrode device according to claim 3,
   wherein,
   the shaft (13.5) of the sound horn (13) is guided through a passage (103.1) of the high-pressure-resistant housing (103), or wherein/the shaft (13.5) of the sound horn (13) is essentially sealed in the passage (103.1) of the high-pressure-resistant housing (103), in particular by means of at least one seal (105) essentially arranged radially on the shaft and/or at least one high-pressure-resistant seal (107) essentially arranged on the end face.
7. Apparatus (100) for investigating substances by means of acoustic levitation,
   characterized in that,
   the apparatus (100) comprising at least one sonotrode device (10) according to one of the preceding claims and is set up for operation at high pressure up to over 200bar and/or at low-voltage oscillation amplitudes, in particular below 50Vpp, the apparatus (100) comprising a control device (50) which is set up, to control the sonotrode device (10) or a frequency generator (101) or amplifier of the apparatus (100) as a function of pressure or temperature measured values, wherein the control device (50) is adapted to at least one parameter, in particular the natural frequency of the sonotrode device (10), by adapting the control device (50) to the fastening point (P2) or the installation depth (x2) on the base body (11) of the sonotrode device (10).
8. Apparatus (100) according to claim 7,
   wherein,
   the apparatus (100) is arranged to operate the sonotrode device (10) without cooling energy and without active cooling based on temperature measurement values in a temperature equilibrium, in particular over a period of at least several hours, for example at least three or five hours.
9. Method for controlling a sonotrode device (10) according to claims 1-6 or for controlling an apparatus (100) for investigating substances by means of acoustic levitation according to one of claims 7 or 8,
   characterized in that
   the sonotrode device (10) is acted upon essentially by a frequency as a function of its natural frequency, the sonotrode device being operated at high pressure and/or at low voltage oscillation amplitudes.
10. Use of a sonotrode device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6 in an apparatus (100) for investigating materials by means of acoustic levitation,
    wherein,
    the sonotrode device (10) is operated at a low voltage, in particular at below 50Vpp for the voltage amplitude which describes an amplitude of the generated acoustic wave.
11. Use of a sonotrode device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6 in an apparatus (100) for examining materials by means of acoustic levitation,
    wherein,
    a sound horn (13) of the sonotrode device, in particular a shaft (13.5) of the sound horn is guided through a wall of the apparatus and is arranged in an examination chamber separately from a base body (11) of the sonotrode device and is sound-insulated with respect to the base body, and the sonotrode device (10) being operated at high pressure above 200 bar and/or at oscillation amplitudes below 50 Vpp.
12. Use of a sonotrode device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6 in an apparatus (100) for investigating substances by means of acoustic levitation,
    wherein,
    the sonotrode device (10) is controlled by a control device (50) as a function of its natural frequency, wherein the control device is individually adapted to at least one parameter of the sonotrode device comprising its natural frequency, wherein the natural frequency is determined by mounting an inner end of a shaft (13.5) of the sound horn (13) on a base body (11) of the sonotrode/sonotrode device (10).

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