EP3296460B1 - Railroad switch - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a switch with sliding chair, stock rail, the stock rail inside switch blade and below threshold or fixed road, the slide chair has a base plate, which rests on the threshold or the solid roadway and under the stock rail from the outside of the stock rail to the inside of the The switch blade extends, the stock rail is held on the outside by a guide rib protruding from the base plate and the slide chair has on the inside of the stock rail a slide plate on which the switch blade rests displaceably.

Turnouts are an integral part of the rail infrastructure, allowing rail vehicles to move from one track to another without interrupting their journey. Essential components of a switch are in addition to the heart, in which the two inner rails cross over, the outer jaw rails and the two outer jaw rails inside switch blades, which lie horizontally in the direction of the track position from a remote position to a on the stock rail when setting the switch Position can be moved. The rail construction of the switch is usually also on thresholds (or a corresponding fixed track, which is here to be synonymous with the term threshold to see). In order to enable the transverse adjustment of the switch blades when placing the switch, a plurality of sliding chairs along the movable switch blade on the threshold or the solid roadway below the stock rail and the tongue to be adjusted are arranged.

In order to direct the transverse forces caused by trains in switches from the rail on the slide chair in the threshold and from there into the superstructure, devices on the slide chair on the outer side of the so-called stock rail for receiving just these forces are provided by these forces in the sliding chair and from there via mounting screws in the superstructure are passed. Since the superstructure is usually thresholds in the ballast bed and only rarely fixed pavements, the forces are first led by the sliding chair via screws into the threshold and from there into the ballast bed. When using steel sleepers, sliding chairs are also welded to the sleepers.

The prior art is that Gleitstühle be cast in one piece or welded together from several parts. Riveted sliders are hardly used in new installations and are no longer allowed on many railways. The assembly and disassembly of sliding chairs for switches with high switch blade is relatively simple, by, after loosening the sleeper screws, the sliding chair can be pulled out to rail outside, with back rail and switch blade need only be raised by a very small amount to avoid unnecessary friction , By contrast, the assembly and disassembly of sliding chairs with low switch blade is much more complex. The sleeper screws must be loosened, the jaw rail and switch blade must be raised, the sliding chair is moved so laterally in the longitudinal direction of the track in the sleeper compartment, tilted and finally pulled out. This procedure is necessary because the stock rail is fixed on the track outside by integrated non-removable ribs and is covered on the inside of the track by the sliding over the rail foot. It should be noted that the width of the sliding chairs is limited by the fact that the threshold compartments are about 600 mm wide and so, sliding chairs wider than 300 mm collide when sliding sideways with the adjacent sliding chair. In conventional slide chairs a larger width is not necessary, since they only serve to support the switch blade or the stock rail on the threshold. Usually the width is approx. 160 mm. Although these conventional low-seat slide chairs can be moved in the direction of the track longitudinal axis into the threshold compartment, ie the space between two adjacent sleepers, they are tilted about an axis in the track longitudinal direction and finally pulled out inwards and upwards. However, in addition to raising the stock rail and the switch blade, this very complicated procedure also requires sufficient free space in the sleeper compartment. If necessary, remove part of the ballast in the sleeper compartment. In a fixed roadway, a sufficient working space is often not provided below the stock rail. Accordingly laborious or even impossible is the replacement of, for example, a damaged sliding chair in the known constellations.

The DE 101 16 041 B4 shows a conventional Gleitstuhlplatte, which corresponds exactly to the preamble of claim 1. This Gleitstuhlplatte has formed on the base plate projecting guide rib for lateral holding the stock rail firmly. In addition, it has a rolling device which is mounted separately from the Gleitstuhlplatte on a separate base plate which is held on the stock rail and is dimensioned so that it takes up substantially only the space available above the threshold next to the Gleitstuhlplatte space.

If switches are heated with low temperature - up to about 12 ° C or so that no radiant heat is used to melt snow or ice -, the sliding chair is to be heated directly, like the EP 1 529 880 B1 of the applicant describes. It is designed to provide the greatest possible width so that the entire area under the area swept over by the switch point and on which snow and ice could obstruct the setting process should be warmed up.

Accordingly, in the DE 10 2012 108 586 B3 provided in the threshold compartment a heat exchanger as a separate component for heating the stock rail and the switch blade between two sliding chairs. The disadvantage is that this separate component requires a separate power supply for heating, so it is expensive to install and maintenance-prone.

From the DE 10 2012 108 585 A1 describes a sliding chair for a switch, which is integrally equipped with the main component of a heat exchanger with a condensation chamber for geothermal heating. A disadvantage of this device is that on the slide outside the stock rail, a fixed guide rib is still provided and thus the slide chair only by lateral displacement in the direction of the track longitudinal direction in the adjacent sleeper compartment, tilting the slide chair and then obliquely inwardly and upwardly directed extraction are expanded can. To ensure this functionality, the slide chair may only have approximately the width of a threshold in order to move it freely in the sleeper compartment. Accordingly, when using only this Gleitstuhlbeheizung on a switch, the stock rail and the switch blade and in particular the gap between them in the area of the threshold subjects not heated. Therefore, it is necessary to separate heat exchanger for the sleeper compartment according to DE 10 2012 108 586 B3 provided.

The same applies to a heat exchanger according to DE 10 2012 100 545 B4 , whose heating effect is also limited to the width of the threshold, so the contact area of the slide chair with the stock rail and the movable switch blade.

The WO 2014/032867 A2 describes a heat exchanger assembly for heating a sliding chair of a switch, in which below a Gleitstuhlplatte a receiving space is provided for the heat exchanger, which is thermally insulated to the underlying threshold. Again, the threshold compartment and in particular the stock rail between the thresholds is not sufficiently heated.

The DE 10 2013 016 232 A1 describes a temperature control unit for switches, which provides separate heat exchanger, which are clamped on the inside of the switch blade and outboard to the stock rail. Although this embodiment, both the stock rail, as well as the switch blade is heated over the longitudinal extent, but the gap between the stock rail and switch blade is not heated by these heat exchangers, so in turn separate heating elements are provided. The same shows the DE 10 2010 029 854 A1 ,

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a switch, in particular with a low switch blade, in such a way that a change of the slide chair with little effort is possible. Furthermore, it is an object to provide a switch, which is provided with a sliding chair, which is prepared in particular for heating at low temperature and allows the widest possible heat distribution in the region of the movable switch blade.

This object is achieved with a switch according to claim 1. Because a rib piece is provided with the guide rib, which is releasably secured to the base plate, wherein the guide rib is provided on the separate rib piece, can after loosening and removing the rib piece and the release the sleeper screws or the attachment to the fixed track of the sliding chair relatively easily moved inwards to the track center and removed. A shift in the direction of the track and a tilting of the slide chair in the sleeper compartment are thus no longer necessary, whereby the widest possible embodiment of the sliding chair is ever possible. From inside, so from track center then a new or restored sliding chair can be reinstalled accordingly again. After inserting under the slightly raised switch blade and parallel to the stock rail then the replaced slide chair with the appropriate fasteners on the threshold (or the fixed carriageway) is attached and the rib piece with the guide rib for fixing the outside of the stock rail on the base plate of the Attached to a sliding chair.

If the rib piece has a support plate which can be inserted into a recess adapted to the shape of the support plate in the base plate, the transverse forces caused by traversing trains and acting on the stock rail (acting on the track outside) of the guide rib, the outside of the rail of the stock rail abuts on the rib piece and the rib piece with its support plate by positive engagement in the recess adapted to the support plate on the base plate of the sliding chair and their attachment means in the superstructure, ie derived in the threshold or the solid lane.

Characterized in that on the rib piece and in the base plate associated mounting holes are provided, can be screwed through the mounting screws for connecting the rib piece and the base plate to the threshold or the fixed lane, a fastening is provided, the need for releasing the rib piece to replace the sliding chair at any time allowed without great effort and on the other hand allows a high and dynamic load by the train traffic, without the fasteners to solve. By attaching the base plate on the underlying superstructure, so the threshold or the solid road, the loads, in particular the lateral forces over a large area on the threshold or solid roadway are transmitted over a large base, so that tilting forces are well intercepted.

To make sure that these shear forces, especially in wooden sleepers, are evenly distributed to all sleeper screws and avoid overstressing individual screws, the separate ribbed piece is fastened to the base plate with separate screws.

If the slide chair has heating means, a point heater can be realized, which has placed their heat input close to the moving parts of the switch and also allows the heat input over the entire width, preferably from a threshold center of the compartment to the next threshold center of the compartment. With an immediate heat input into the Slide chair ensures that even a low-temperature heating (especially at heating temperatures of 6 ° C to 20 ° C, more preferably from 8 ° C to 12 ° C), which acts only by heat conduction and hardly or by heat radiation, a sufficient protection of the switch granted before winter. Damage to the slide chair equipped with the heating means can be easily repaired by replacing the slide chair, whereby the defective heating means in the replaced slide chair can later be repaired in the workshop.

However, as already described in the prior art, it is advantageous in a point heating under low temperature (at up to 20 ° C, in particular up to 12 ° C) to heat the entire area under the area between switch blade and stock rail. This is the only way to ensure that the switch tongue always remains freely movable.

Due to the fact that a widening is formed on the sliding plate, which is arranged below the parking area between the stock rail and switch tongue and reaches a quarter to half in the area between two adjacent thresholds, which is otherwise separately executed in the prior art sleeper heating with in the Heating the sliding chair integrated, so that the separate component and the separate power supply can be saved. The total width of the broadening extends preferably close to the threshold center distance, ie up to half in the area between two adjacent thresholds, namely half into the threshold compartment. This level must be slightly below, because when the ballast is plugged under the turnout, the sleepers can be moved up to 2-3 cm, thus avoiding the fact that the widenings of two adjacent sliding chairs can collide with each other. Thanks to the removable rib for exchange according to the invention can be moved inwardly on the threshold to the track center and thus exchanged as a one-piece overall component, since the widening of the adjacent sliding chair would not allow a displacement of the sliding chair to be replaced in the track direction in the conventional way of exchange. In this case, the so-widened Gleitstühle could be completely replaced only at a switch or exchanged with points removal, which would make repair or retrofitting significantly more expensive and expensive.

If the broadening has an upper side which drops from the sliding surface of the sliding plate with an inclination of 2 ° to 60 °, preferably 5 ° to 45 ° to the horizontal in the direction of the track longitudinal axis, the broadening in one embodiment of the invention no longer serves as an immediate bearing surface the switch blade, so that it can deflect under appropriate load when overrun by a wheel by a small amount, as occurs especially at low switch points. Otherwise, there is a risk that the edges of the sliding surface could break when the switch blade is loaded. Therefore, a wider footprint for the switch blade on the slide plate is to be avoided and to provide for broadening a slight slope or the deflection of the tongue following rounding with large radius. Further, it is advantageous if the widening, which leads into the threshold compartment between two adjacent sleepers, as deep as possible, so that any falling chunks of ice or other smaller objects can slide into this cavity and thus can not block the gap between the stock rail and switch tongue. Chunks of ice are melted when in contact with the heated widening and thus slide easily on a film of water along the slope to the lowest point. This deepest point should be about 8 cm below the lower rail edge, so that corresponding small parts do not block the switch or chunks of larger dimensions block the switch only until the defrosting of the ice break until it no longer reaches the gap between the stock rail and switch blade. Preferably, the inclination of the upper side of the sliding surface of the sliding plate to the free end of the broadening increases, in particular, the top is curved convex.

In an alternative embodiment, the attachment element additionally bears against the switch blade in its position adjacent to the stock rail in a thermally conductive manner. Thus, when the sliding chair is heated at low temperature, for example via a system heated with geothermal heat, the switch blade is also heated substantially over its entire length. This reduces the risk that parts of the switch blade may over-cool and stick to snow or ice. In this case, the broadening with the attachment element under the adjoining switch blade then additionally serves as a support for the switch blade loaded by the draw weight. Accordingly, a significantly lower, if not almost negligible, deflection of the switch blade due to the axle load of a traveling rail vehicle is likely to arise.

Further, it is preferred that the switch blade rests thermally conductive even in the remote position on the slide chair, as is also the case with normal slide chairs. Should a rolling device be provided, the switch blade should rest after reaching the remote position again on the sliding surface of the sliding chair, so that the switch blade is heated by the low-temperature heating heat-conducting in this position.

The fact that at the widening a neck element is formed, which bridges the space between the inclined widening and the stock rail and thermally conductively abuts the stock rail, the stock rail is also heated in the threshold compartment area. The heating of the Gleitstühle is designed such that a heating chamber are thermally conductively connected to a rail foot of the stock rail of track interior to the rail web comprehensive approach element. This element is part of the sliding chair. It should be noted that the aggregates of the tamping machines, such as hooks or rollers for lifting the track grid, can not collide with parts of the sliding chair. The hooks grip from outside the track to the Half under the rail foot of the stock rail or rollers from the outside under the rail head.

Characterized in that in the broadening or in the broadening and the approach element a heating chamber of the heating means is formed with access opening, the heat is brought directly into the crucial components near the ice-free-to-hold portion of the switch, the access opening maintenance or replacement of the recorded therein Components allowed.

This low-temperature heated sliding chair is either welded from weldable steel or cast steel or cast from nodular cast iron approved by the respective railway company. The heating is arranged in heating chambers, predominantly next to the load-bearing areas. Preferably, the heating chamber has the access opening in the mounting position of the widening in its underside and the access opening is provided with a removable lid.

An electric heating element may be used per heating chamber, or it may be used as a heat transferring cavity with inlet and outlet for a sensitive heat medium, or it may be formed as a condensation chamber for a gas using direct evaporation geothermal heating. The condensation chamber should be designed using a working medium with working pressure of up to 10 bar as a shallow and open cavity without reinforcing webs. However, a structured surface, for example with molded-in ribs for enlarging the heat transfer surface, is advantageous.

If an electric heating element is used, it is recommended that the lower side of the heating chamber be sealed with a cover made of heat-insulating material to avoid unnecessary losses. If the heating chamber used as a condensation chamber, it is gas-tight and pressure-tight to close. This can be done with weldable material by welding, with ductile iron serves a lid with gas-resistant and pressure-resistant seal, which is advantageously vulcanized to metal, for sealing.

Characterized in that the heating chamber is formed with an electric heating element or as a heat transferring cavity for a circulating heat transfer medium or as a condensation chamber for a fluid for geothermal heating by direct evaporation, wherein the necessary supply lines are connected in the lid, is a change of an electric heating element to another heating by replacing the lid and supplementing an inflow and outflow of the working medium easily possible.

Modern switches are partially equipped with roller systems to reduce the friction between the switch blade and sliding surface and the reduction of wear. Accordingly, a rolling device with at least one freely rotatable roller is provided on the slide, wherein the roller slightly surmounted the sliding surface of the sliding plate, so that the switch blade is slightly lifted during the adjustment friction-reducing by the role in abutting on the stock rail position and lying in the stock rail Position, however, completely rests on the sliding surface of the sliding plate. By resting the stock rail in both adjacent, as well as in a remote position on the sliding surface of the sliding plate is ensured at each position of the switch that thermal contact is ensured by the sliding chair in the switch blade. Only during the adjustment process, the switch blade is slightly raised during adjustment by the roller, so that the adjustment process runs with significantly reduced friction.

Particularly preferably, the roller on a cranked axis between two juxtaposed at a threshold distance sliding chairs on the sliding plates is arranged supporting. In this case, the cranked axis can be used in the area of the sliding plate in designated recordings. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to some embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig.1

eine teils geschnittene Ansicht auf einen Gleitstuhl mit Bestandteilen der Weiche in einer ersten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf einen Gleitstuhl mit Teilen der Weiche in einer zweiten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt und eine Ansicht auf den Gleitstuhl gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht auf den Gleitstuhl gemäß Fig. 2 von unten,

Fig. 5

eine teils geschnittene Ansicht auf einen Gleitstuhl mit Bauteilen der Weiche mit abgenommenem Rippenstück in einer dritten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf einen Gleitstuhl in einer vierten Ausführungsform und

Fig. 7

eine räumliche Ansicht des Gleitstuhls gemäß Fig. 6.

It shows:

Fig.1

3 a partially sectioned view of a sliding chair with components of the switch in a first embodiment,

Fig. 2

a top view of a sliding chair with parts of the switch in a second embodiment,

Fig. 3

a section and a view of the sliding chair according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a view of the sliding chair according to Fig. 2 from underneath,

Fig. 5

2 is a partly sectional view of a sliding chair with components of the switch with removed rib piece in a third embodiment,

Fig. 6

a plan view of a sliding chair in a fourth embodiment and

Fig. 7

a spatial view of the sliding chair according to Fig. 6 ,

In Fig. 1 a slide chair 1 is shown in a first embodiment in side view with components of a switch in a partially sectioned view in a view in the track longitudinal direction. The slide chair 1 is placed on a threshold 4 of the switch, wherein the slide chair 1 a stock rail 2 and an associated switch blade 3 are mounted.

The sliding chair 1 consists of an elongate base plate 10 which rests on a broad base along the threshold 4 on the upper side of the threshold 4. Further, a slide plate 11 is provided, on its sliding surface 111th trained top the switch blade 3 is slidably superimposed. The switch tongue 3 is in Fig. 1 shown in adjacent to the stock rail 2 position. When adjusting the switch from this switch position in the other switch position, the switch blade 3 is moved on the sliding surface 111 of the slide plate 11 in the drawing plane to the left. A rail vehicle would then no longer be guided on the branching switch tongue 3, but along the stock rail 2. When sliding chair 1, the base plate 10 and the slide plate 11 is in one piece, for example made of ductile iron. Of course, the slide chair 1 can also be made of steel in welding technology.

In addition to the guiding and load-bearing function for the switch tongue 3, the slide chair 1 also holds the stock rail 2 anchored on the superstructure (threshold 4 or fixed carriageway and gravel bed). For this purpose, a guide rib 50 is arranged on the outside of the stock rail 2 at its rail foot 21. On the inside of the stock rail 2, the slide plate 11 is formed so that it overlaps the rail 21 of the stock rail 2. Within the slide plate 11, a thrust channel 19 is provided in a known manner for an anchoring spring, not shown, which applies a resilient, elastic load on the rail 21 of the stock rail 2. On the outside of the stock rail 2 is a guide rib 50 cross-common attachment by means of so-called iron (for example, tension clamp and mounting screw, see Fig. 5 ) attached.

According to the invention, the guide rib 50 is not an integral part of the base plate 10 or of the sliding chair 1, but the guide rib 50 is provided on a separate rib piece 5. The rib 5 can, as in Fig. 5 shown in a further embodiment, a support plate 51 having formed thereon guide rib 50. The rib piece 5 is releasably attached to the base plate 10. To the shear forces acting on the stock rail 2 when driving the switch from the rail vehicles, safely on the base plate 10 of the slide chair 1 in the To initiate superstructure (threshold 4, etc.), a recess 16 is formed with abutment 18 in the base plate 10 in the base plate 10 at the position for attachment of the rib piece 5, in which the support plate 51 of the rib piece 5 fits positively.

In the base plate 10 mounting holes 14 are provided near the inside and outside ends of the base plate 10 to be fastened with suitable for the underlying superstructure, such as concrete or wooden threshold 4 fixing screws 41. At the outer end of the base plate 10 there arranged mounting holes 14 are below the support plate 51 of the rib piece 5, wherein in the support plate 51 to the mounting holes 17 matching mounting holes 52 are provided so that when screwing the mounting screws 41, the rib piece 5 together with the sliding chair 1 on the threshold 4 is fixed. In order to guide the considerable transverse forces that are to be absorbed by the stock rail 2 on the guide rib 50 of the rib piece 5, secure in the superstructure, 41 additional mounting holes 52 is provided on the support plate 51 in addition to one-sided attachment by means of the threshold fastening screws, with the associated threaded holes 17th correspond to the base plate 10. With separate screws 53 thus the support plate 51 and thus the rib piece 5 is connected to the base plate 10. This situation is in Fig. 5 reproduced in exploded view.

In Fig. 2 a slide chair 1 is shown in a second embodiment in plan view. Here are the left part of Fig. 2 the switch with remote from the stock rail 2 switch blade 3 'and the right part of the Fig. 2 the situation with at the stock rail 2 fitting switch blade 3. From the threshold 4, only a section is shown. The track center is in drawing plane of the Fig. 2 below. The track rail 2 passing in the track longitudinal direction X is also shown in the cutout. Likewise, the Switching tongue 3 shown as a section, as previously described, left in the remote position 3 'and right in the adjacent position 3rd

On the threshold 4 of the slide chair 1 with its elongated rectangular base plate 10 via four mounting holes 14 with here in Fig. 2 anchoring screws 41 not shown anchored in the threshold 4. On the base plate 10 is on the inside of the stock rail rail 21 of the stock rail overhanging the slide plate 11 is shown. Within the slide plate 11 is shown in dashed lines the receiving channel (push channel 19) for the passing from the inside to the stock rail tension spring. At the inside end of the slide plate 11, the usual Verrastungsausbildung for this tension spring is shown for the sake of completeness. On the outside of the stock rail 2, the rib piece 5 is shown with its support plate 51 in the recess 16 of the base plate 10 resting. The guide rib 50 of the rib piece 5 rests against the outside of the rail foot 21 of the stock rail 2. On the outskirts, in Fig. 2 shown above edge of the rib piece 5, two larger mounting holes 52 are shown, which correspond to the underlying fasteners of the base plate 10 and serve to receive the threshold fixing screws 41, which are not shown here. Furthermore, the pronounced in the support plate 51 of the rib piece 5 mounting tabs are shown with corresponding threaded holes 17, in the separate screws 53 for direct screw in the threaded holes 17 of the base plate 10 are screwed. Further, the middle of the guide rib 50 is a conventional rail fastening screw with tension clamp, so-called iron 22 for attachment of the rail 21 of the stock rail 2 shown.

The slide plate 11 has in this illustrated embodiment on both sides in track longitudinal direction X integrally formed widenings 12, which may serve for example for receiving heating means 6 not shown here. Of the heating means 6 is only in each case a supply line 65 is shown, which is preferably brought from below to the widening 12. The two in Fig. 2 shown leads 65 are guided below the stock rail 2 along the threshold 4 to the outside. In order to avoid damaging these leads 65 when ballast plug, a massive fender 42 at the threshold 4, the supply line 65 is provided covering each one. At the widening 12 also a neck element 13 is formed, which has a thermally conductive contact with the rail 21 of the stock rail 2 on its inside.

In Fig. 3 is on the left half a cross section along in Fig. 2 shown dash-dotted line, viewed from the inside and on the right side a view from the outside according to the arrow with "III" in Fig. 2 shown.

You can see it in Fig. 3 the threshold 4, on which the slide chair 1 is attached. The slide chair 1 has the base plate 10 with a sliding plate 11 integrally connected thereto. The slide plate 11 has a widening 12, which has an upper side 121 (see, eg, FIG. Fig. 5 ), which inclines from the horizontal sliding surface 111 of the sliding plate 11 with increasing inclination to about 45 degrees to its free end 122.

In Fig. 3 In addition, the components of the heating means 6 are shown. In the widening 12, a heating chamber 61 is formed as a cavity. This cavity has on its underside an access opening 62, which is in the illustrated embodiment with a cover 63 by means of cover fixing screws 64 releasably closed. Between lid 63 and access opening 62, a seal not shown is provided so that the heating chamber 61 can be used as a gas and pressure-tight condensation chamber for a geothermally vaporized fluid, which is supplied via a corresponding feed line 65 from the geothermal hole. Furthermore, in Fig. 3 the attachment element 13, which is formed on the widening 12, shown. It connects the space between the broadening 12 which extends obliquely downward into the sleeper compartment and the rail foot 21 of the stock rail 2 in order to heat-heat the stock rail 2 even in the area of the sleeper compartment.

Furthermore, in Fig. 3 on the left side a rolling device 7 is shown, which has a freely rotatably mounted roller 71 which is held by a cranked axis 72. The cranked axis 72 continues to the left on the other side of the roller 71 accordingly and is on the next slide chair, which rests on the next threshold 4, on. Accordingly, the load of the switch blade 3 are derived in the adjustment of the rolling device 7 on both sides of a sliding chair. The roller 71 is arranged so that it slightly surmounted the sliding surface 111 of the slide chair 1 and thus raises the switch blade 3 during the adjustment by, for example, 0.1 mm. Thus, the friction during the adjustment of the switch is significantly reduced. However, since the switch blade rests both in the adjacent position 3 as well as in the remote position 3 'with its underside over the entire surface on the sliding surface 111 of the slide plate 11, the switch blade 3 is always heat-conductively heated in the heated switch.

In Fig. 4 is shown in a view from below of the slide chair 1 with its base plate 10 in one half, since it is formed completely symmetrical thereto. In the in Fig. 4 As shown, the cover 63 is removed from the widening 12 and attachment element 13 in order to have free insight into the heating chamber 61. The broadening 12 shown below has a plurality of cover mounting holes 123 in its outer wall. When placing the cover 63 not shown here, cover fixing screws 64 assigned to these cover fastening bores 123 are screwed in. Of course, between the lid 63 and the visible here access opening 62 to the heating chamber 61st to provide a seal. This can for example be vulcanized onto the lid 63. In the heating chamber 61, a plurality of fins 66 are provided to increase the heat transfer area. Such ribs 66 are also provided in the part of the heating chamber 61, which projects into the neck element 13. This is in Fig. 4 to see on the right part of the widening 12.

In Fig. 5 is in a further embodiment, as already described above, the removable rib 5 shown in a dissolved state. Furthermore, in Fig. 5 the sliding plate 11 shown with widening 12 in view, wherein the integrally formed on the widening 12 neck element 13 is shown in a cross-sectional view. The attachment element 13 has a part of the heating chamber 61 as a cavity in order to directly receive a heat input in this component by the condensation of the geothermally vaporized fluid. Further, in this partial sectional view, a beak-shaped rail foot receptacle 131 can be seen, which forms around the rail foot 21 of the stock rail 2. Correspondingly, the attachment element 13 is connected over its longitudinal extent along the stock rail 2 over a large area in heat-conducting manner to the rail foot 21 of the stock rail 2. In Fig. 5 the switch blade 3 is shown both in the adjacent position and in the remote position 3 'in order to visualize the adjustment path Y of the switch blade 3.

In a further embodiment is in Fig. 6 the left half of a slide chair in plan view, similar to the situation according to Fig. 4 represented. Functionally identical components to the embodiments described above are designated by the same reference numerals and will not be described separately here in part.

To visualize the shape of the slide chair 1 and in particular of the slide plate 11 with widening 12 and attachment element 13 are in Fig. 6 both the stock rail and the switch tongue omitted.

The slide plate 11 has on its upper side a plane sliding surface 111, which extends above the base plate 10 via the adjustment path Y of the switch blade, not shown. Furthermore, however, the sliding surface 111 also extends above the attachment element 13, that is to say in the region of the widening 12, but only below the switch point in the abutting position on the stock rail, resulting in an approximately "T" -shaped sliding surface 111 for a sliding chair 1 with two-sided widenings results. In the region of the widening 12, the upper side 121 dips into the threshold compartment with a clear gradient, so that here the upper side 121 releases a free space of several centimeters, preferably at least 8 cm, to the underside of the switch tongue. This is in Fig. 6 visualized by indicated with fine line "contour lines".

This entire situation is in Fig. 7 shown again in a spatial view with cut stock rail 2 and cut switch blade 3.

In the three-dimensional view, the spatial shape of the Gleitstuhlverbreiterung 12 with neck element 13 and the total "T" -shaped design of the sliding surface 111 can be seen. Furthermore, the

Rail foot 131 for the rail 21 of the stock rail 2 and on the track outside the releasable rib piece 5 with guide rib 50 and associated recess 16 in the base plate 10 with abutment 18 shown.

In the embodiment according to the 6 and 7 is for a low-temperature, in particular geothermally heated by condensation heat from a heat pipe sliding chair recognizable that both the stock rail 2, as well as the switch blade 3 in the space of the Weichenverstellweges a possible full-surface heat-conducting connection the sliding chair, the broadening and in particular the neck element have. This ensures that the low-temperature heat for melting snow and ice can be supplied in sufficient quantity and thus a reliable winter operation of such a switch is possible.

Hereinafter, the operation of the slide chair will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the embodiment of the sliding chair 1 according to Fig. 1 It can be seen that by loosening the fastening screws 41 and 53 on the support plate 51 of the rib piece 5, this rib piece 5 with the guide rib 50 can be removed from the base plate 10. After loosening also the internal fixing screws 41 of the slide chair 1 and slight lifting of the stock rail 2 and the switch blade 3, the slide chair 1 can be pulled out on the threshold 4 inwards to the track center and thus removed. A new or outdated sliding chair 1 can also be pushed in place of the track center on the threshold 4 lying under the switch blade 3 and stock rail 2 and secured at its mounting location with the screws 41 after insertion of the rib piece 5. Subsequently, the rail 21 of the stock rail 2 is tensioned in the usual way on the inside with a tension spring through the push channel 19 in the slide plate 11 and on the outside via conventional iron 22, as shown in the Fig. 2 and 5 can be seen.

In one embodiment of the sliding chair 1 with spacers 12 and optionally attachment element 13 is referring to Fig. 5 an exchange of the sliding chair also possible without much effort, since in turn the detachable rib piece 5 can be removed, so that the entire sliding chair for easy lifting of the stock rail 2 and the switch blade 3 in the direction of the track center, ie in Fig. 5 moved to the left on the threshold 4 inwards and can be lifted out of the switch. In this case, the widening down into the threshold compartment widening 12 is not a hindrance, since these are still above the Schotterniveaus. If necessary, remove a thin layer of ballast in the sleeper compartment.

Out Fig. 5 It can also be seen that despite the rail foot 21 of the stock rail 2 enclosing formation of the rail foot 131 of the attachment element 13 an exchange of the sliding chair 1 is possible without problems.

The special feature of the sliding chair is thus that it is possible in one-piece construction, for example, as a cast part is created and especially in education with heating means by its one-piece best heat-conducting properties. Only on the outside of the slide chair by forming the removable rib piece 5, a separate, releasable element is required so that the sliding chair is interchangeable. Surprisingly, the formation of a one-piece sliding chair is possible even with a very wide version of the sliding chair with spacers to approximately half of the threshold compartment distance, since a purely translational in the sleeper direction inwardly directed towards the track center movement for the replacement of the sliding chair 1 is required.

By forming the one-piece sliding chair with heating chambers 61 in the widening 12 and preferably in the neck element 13, the desired heating source or heating arrangement can be inserted in this heating chamber as needed. Here, the heating means 6 in the low temperature range (6 ° C to 20 ° C, preferably 8 ° C to 12 ° C) work to bring the heat transfer by heat conduction targeted to the bodies to be heated. Thermal radiation should be avoided to minimize energy losses. This type of heating is possible, in particular, with geothermal heating via heat pipes introduced in a borehole of, for example, 100 meters depth, wherein a working medium is filled in the heat pipes whose phase change is liquid-gas-shaped at the temperature of the geothermal heat source in the borehole, For example, takes place at about 10 ° C, the working fluid without externally driven pump gaseously rises and condenses in the slide chair, in particular in the widening 12 and the neck element 13 condensation chamber, correspondingly gives off condensation heat and again drips liquid down through the pipe to be re-evaporated. This way of heating a turnout is low maintenance and reliable.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

A slide

10

baseplate

11

sliding plate

111

sliding surface

12

widening

121

top

122

free end

123

Cover mounting hole

13

neck element

131

Schienenfußaufnahme

14

mounting hole

16

recess

17

threaded hole

18

abutment

19

boost channel

2

stock rail

21

rail

22

hardware

3

Switch tongue, adjacent

3 '

Switch tongue, outlying

4

threshold

41

(Threshold) fastening screw

42

mudguard

5

Chines

50

guide rib

51

support plate

52

mounting hole

53

separate screw

6

heating means

61

heating chamber

62

access opening

63

cover

64

Cover mounting screw

65

supply

66

rib

7

rolling device

71

role

72

cranked axle

X

track longitudinal axis

Y

adjustment

Claims (14)

1. A set of points, having a slide chair (1), a fixed rail (2), a point blade (3) lying inward of the fixed rail (2), and, underneath in the installed condition, a sleeper (4) or ballastless track, wherein the slide chair (1) has a baseplate (10) that, in the installed condition, lies on the sleeper (4) or ballastless track and, in the moved-away position, extends under the fixed rail (2) from outward of the fixed rail (2) to inward of the point blade (3), the fixed rail (2) is held on the outside by a guide fin (50) that projects from the baseplate (10), and the slide chair (1) has a slide plate (11), which is inward of the fixed rail (2) and on the upper side whereof, as the sliding face (111), the point blade (3) lies such that it can be displaced, characterised in that the guide fin is provided on a fin part (5) that is detachably secured to the baseplate (10) such that, for the purpose of replacement where necessary, once the fin part (5) has been detached the slide chair (1) can be displaced, together with its baseplate (10), inwards towards the track centre on the sleeper (4) or ballastless track underneath and can be removed.
2. A set of points according to Claim 1, characterised in that the fin part (5) has a support plate (51) that can be inserted into a recess (16), adapted to the shape of the support plate (51), in the baseplate (10).
3. A set of points according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that there are provided on the fin part (5) and in the baseplate (10) associated securing bores (14, 52) through which securing screws (41) may be screwed for the purpose of connecting the fin part (5) and the baseplate (10) to the sleeper (4) or ballastless track.
4. A set of points according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the fin part (5) is connected to the baseplate (10) by way of separate screws (53).
5. A set of points according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the slide chair (1) has heating arrangements (6).
6. A set of points according to Claim 5, characterised in that there is integrally formed on the slide plate (11) a widened portion (12) that is arranged below the adjustment region between the fixed rail (2) and the point blade (3) and extends by a quarter to a half into the region between two mutually adjacent sleepers (4).
7. A set of points according to Claim 6, characterised in that the widened portion (12) has an upper side (121) that falls at an angle of inclination of up to 60° to the horizontal from the sliding face (111) of the slide plate (11) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (X) of the track.
8. A set of points according to Claim 7, characterised in that the angle of inclination of the upper side (121) increases from the sliding face (111) of the slide plate (11) towards the free end (122) of the widened portion (12), wherein the upper side (121) is convexly curved in particular along the longitudinal axis of the track.
9. A set of points according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that there is integrally formed on the widened portion (12) an attached element (13) that spans the space between the inclined widened portion (12) and the fixed rail (2) and abuts against the fixed rail (2) in thermally conductive manner.
10. A set of points according to Claim 9, characterised in that, when the point blade (3) is in the position abutting against the fixed rail (2), the attached element (13) additionally abuts against the point blade (3) in thermally conductive manner.
11. A set of points according to Claim 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterised in that a heating chamber (61) of the heating arrangement (6) is formed such that it has an access opening (62) in the widened portion (12), or in the widened portion (12) and the attached element (13).
12. A set of points according to Claim 11, characterised in that, in the installed position of the widened portion (12), the access opening (62) to the heating chamber (61) is provided in the underside thereof, and the access opening (62) is provided with a removable cover (63).
13. A set of points according to Claim 12, characterised in that the heating chamber (61) is formed such that it has an electrical heating element, or as a heat-transferring cavity for a circulating heat transfer medium, or as a condensation chamber for a fluid for the purpose of geothermal heating by direct evaporation, wherein the supply lines (65) required for this purpose are connected up in the cover (63).
14. A set of points according to Claim 12 or 13, characterised in that a roller device (7) having at least one freely rotatable roller (71) is provided, wherein the roller (71) projects slightly beyond the sliding face (111) of the slide plate (11) such that during the movement procedure the point blade (3) is raised slightly by the roller (71) in a manner reducing friction, but in the position abutting against the fixed rail (2) and in the position moved away from the fixed rail (2) it lies entirely on the sliding face (111) of the slide plate (11).

Images