EP3294600A1 - Identification de l'inertie de lacet et de tangage de véhicule automobile - Google Patents
Identification de l'inertie de lacet et de tangage de véhicule automobileInfo
- Publication number
- EP3294600A1 EP3294600A1 EP16727532.0A EP16727532A EP3294600A1 EP 3294600 A1 EP3294600 A1 EP 3294600A1 EP 16727532 A EP16727532 A EP 16727532A EP 3294600 A1 EP3294600 A1 EP 3294600A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- inertia
- yaw
- identification
- identifying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/12—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to parameters of the vehicle itself, e.g. tyre models
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/12—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to parameters of the vehicle itself, e.g. tyre models
- B60W40/13—Load or weight
- B60W2040/1315—Location of the centre of gravity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/12—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to parameters of the vehicle itself, e.g. tyre models
- B60W40/13—Load or weight
- B60W2040/1323—Moment of inertia of the vehicle body
- B60W2040/1338—Moment of inertia of the vehicle body about the pitch axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/12—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to parameters of the vehicle itself, e.g. tyre models
- B60W40/13—Load or weight
- B60W2040/1323—Moment of inertia of the vehicle body
- B60W2040/1346—Moment of inertia of the vehicle body about the yaw axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
- B60W2050/0028—Mathematical models, e.g. for simulation
- B60W2050/0031—Mathematical model of the vehicle
- B60W2050/0035—Multiple-track, 3D vehicle model, e.g. including roll and pitch conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2422/00—Indexing codes relating to the special location or mounting of sensors
- B60W2422/80—Indexing codes relating to the special location or mounting of sensors on wheel hub bearing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/22—Suspension systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/28—Wheel speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/30—Wheel torque
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/18—Steering angle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for identifying values of yaw and pitch inertia for a motor vehicle.
- the present invention also relates to a method for identifying yaw and pitch inertia values.
- the present invention relates to devices for controlling and correcting the stability of motor vehicles.
- the present invention particularly relates to a method of identification of suspended mass and apparent unsprung mass.
- Motor vehicles increasingly include sophisticated control systems to improve the safety of the occupants of said vehicle.
- Different electronic systems thus equip motor vehicles for the control of speed, braking, trajectory of passenger cars or trucks.
- ESP Electronic Stability Program
- ESC Electronic Stability Control
- This is an anti-skid system that works in conjunction with various other electronic management systems such as anti-skid or brake control (ASR, ABS) and with which it shares measures.
- Said stability control system makes it possible to detect substantially cornering grip losses and to counteract them by braking one or more wheels to improve handling.
- the ESP makes it possible to correct the trajectory by acting on the braking system as well as on the engine torque. During a turn taken at too high a speed or during a sudden change of trajectory to avoid an obstacle for example, the vehicle can lose its stability and escape the control of its driver.
- the control system then allows, according to the driving conditions, to automatically:
- ESP restores the vehicle by giving the order to brake the rear wheel inside the turn. In case of strong understeer, the ESP also brakes the inner front wheel;
- the ESP restores the vehicle by giving the order to brake the front wheel outside the turn to avoid a spin.
- the ESP reduces the engine torque delivered.
- Loss of control or slippages are detected by sensors associated with a simulation of a numerical model of the dynamic behavior of the vehicle.
- Said sensors are, for example, sensors for wheel rotation, steering wheel angle, yaw rate and transverse acceleration.
- the numerical model is implanted in a calculator which controls the trajectory followed by the vehicle. In the event of an abnormal situation, the trajectory is corrected by targeted braking on the wheel concerned.
- the stability control system allows the prediction of the vehicle dynamic behavior, which is based on a numerical model using many characteristic parameters of the vehicle.
- the ESP system uses a value of the yaw momentum to estimate the yaw rate of the vehicle.
- Said yaw inertia value is therefore an order one parameter for generating a reference of reference to manage the stability of the vehicle.
- the moment of inertia yaw or inertia yaw of a vehicle is determined along a substantially vertical axis of rotation relative to the plane of the vehicle.
- ADAS Driver Assistance System
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assist Systems
- Inertial data are therefore very important in the digital dynamic simulation model of the vehicle.
- they are difficult to obtain because they depend on the center of yaw rotation, center of gravity of the vehicle as well as mass distributions whose values are highly dependent on the loading configurations of said vehicle.
- the inertia values generally obtained on a test bench are insufficient because they relate to a particular configuration of the vehicle and do not take into account the driving load of the vehicle, which is therefore likely to alter substantially the operation of the ESP stability control system.
- the yaw moment of inertia is determined by measurements on a non-rolling vehicle, said measurements requiring a specific bank of measurements, or with calculation assumptions that have important approximations.
- the vehicle is tested either on a test bench with a flanged vehicle, or in the driving phase taking into account the operating ranges of the vehicle dynamic (wheel and body in a same movement). It is thus assumed that the dynamic behavior of the vehicle is estimated with a nominal value of inertia or with approximately corrected values.
- the measured data for the vehicle is of little relevance for identifying yaw and pitch inertia.
- a trial and development phase is then necessary to achieve an optimization of the operation of the ESP stability control system or the ADAS driving assistance system.
- Publication US5136513A thus discloses a method for estimating the inertia of a vehicle and its center of gravity in quasi-static mode. Said method allows an estimation of the mass involved from the suspension stroke variation at the front and rear of the vehicle, taking into account the stiffness of the suspension springs at the front and rear. An estimate of the pitch inertia is obtained without distinguishing the suspended and unsprung masses or the possible evolution of the pitch rotation center; said center of rotation is identified by a static measurement done beforehand, which can lead to significant errors. Inertia in yaw is not discussed.
- Publication JP-A-2008-265545 discloses a method for estimating yaw momentum by taking into account instantaneous measurements of vehicle acceleration, wheel rotation speeds and longitudinal and lateral forces measured at the level of yaw. wheel regardless of the dynamic wheel effect; said measurements are generally noisy and they are generally associated thresholds in order to identify characteristic values of the position of the center of gravity and the inertia of the lace.
- the force measured at the wheel can be very different from the force produced to accelerate the vehicle if the wheel movement is important, including the forces of vertical movement. Without correction of these efforts on the movement of the wheels, one can obtain significant errors in the evaluation of the inertia.
- the determination of the center of gravity according to this publication is carried out by introducing quasi-static values such as the mass on the front or rear axle, which can also give erroneous values in the identification of pitch and yaw inertia. .
- the publication EP-A1 -2160314 discloses a method for identifying the yaw momentum of a motor vehicle comprising steps for measuring yaw rates and transverse accelerations, said motor vehicle being provided with speed and pressure sensors. acceleration integrated into the wheels.
- the identification of the yaw inertia is based on a simplified calculation model known as the "bicycle" model for a two-wheeled steering vehicle having a predetermined mass and without taking into account the dangling effect.
- One hypothesis of said numerical model is the proportionality between the value of the transverse force and the drift angle of the tire for a global running gear, which is likely to lead to significant errors in the identification of the value of inertia. lace.
- the object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks and one of the objects of the present invention is a method and a device for identifying and determining the inertia yaw and pitch of a vehicle taking into account measurements of efforts to the wheel in dynamic mode of the vehicle that is to say during the driving phase.
- the invention also relates to a method of measuring the forces at the cash register entry, this direct measurement is extremely difficult.
- the invention also allows the identification of the suspended and unsprung masses of the vehicle and the center of gravity of the vehicle in dynamic mode, that is to say in rolling phase.
- the object of the present invention is more particularly a method of identifying the yaw momentum of a motor vehicle, characterized in that the method comprises:
- the method allows a continuous identification of the yaw momentum of a vehicle from measurements in dynamic mode in order to allow an optimization of the operation of the stability control systems of the motor vehicle.
- the yaw inertia is generally estimated through measurements made on measuring benches at the car manufacturer, said vehicle being stopped.
- the driving conditions of the vehicle, loaded or not, can significantly change the values of inertia and stability control systems are then likely to provide a less effective response to particularly dangerous driving situations.
- the method of the invention allows to have a precision similar to that of a test bench from measurements on the vehicle in dynamic mode.
- the method according to the invention thus comprises a first measurement step followed by identification steps comprising calculations.
- the effort measurement step comprises measurements of the vertical forces along the Z axis, longitudinal along the longitudinal axis X and transverse along the transverse axis Y in order to be able to accurately identify the yaw inertia. Indeed, if the knowledge of the transverse force is necessary to identify the yaw momentum, the longitudinal force also affects the result of the identification.
- the method uses measurement means already used in vehicles and serving for other functions such as force sensors arranged on the wheels, which allows to significantly reduce the cost of the invention.
- Said force sensors can be similar to a dynamometric wheel and can be integrated for example with the bearings of said wheels or fixed on rims of said wheels.
- the values resulting from measurements are then transmitted to a second calculation step to identify the suspended and unsprung masses and to deduce the geometric position of the center of gravity of the vehicle.
- the identified values of suspended and unsprung masses as well as the geometric position of the center of gravity are then used in a third calculation step for the identification of yaw and pitch inertia.
- the method comprises a third step of identifying the yaw inertia consecutive to the step of identifying suspended and unsprung masses and the center of gravity.
- the value of said identified yaw inertia is then addressed to the stability control systems known as "ESP" or "ESC” in which the value of the yaw inertia is of major importance.
- the measurement step includes accelerations at the wheel.
- the measurement step comprises acceleration measurements along the longitudinal axes X, transverse Y and vertical Z.
- the numerical model allows a fine prediction of the behavior of the vehicle.
- the acceleration measurements make it possible to take into account movements of the drifting wheels and impacts of the movements along the longitudinal X, transverse Y or vertical Z axes.
- the method takes into account wheel acceleration measurements from acceleration sensors shared with other vehicle control systems.
- the yaw and pitch inertia can be identified with longitudinal and transverse force measurements combined with acceleration measurements in these same axes.
- the measuring step comprises a measurement of the steering angle of the vehicle direction.
- the measurement of the steering angle can be easily achieved with a steering wheel angle sensor commonly used in the automotive field.
- the method is able to identify the yaw inertia according to different running conditions of the vehicle comprising a substantially straight line rolling or lateral transient regime.
- lateral transient regime means the rolling phases of the vehicle having a displacement along the transverse axis Y, for example in a turn or change of son.
- the measurement of the steering angle of the steering in the measurement step thus makes it possible to differentiate said driving conditions.
- the difference between said different pipe situations is revealed by a steering angle of the vehicle steering with respect to a steering angle threshold value. Indeed, below this threshold, the vehicle can be considered as rolling in a straight line. Beyond this threshold, the vehicle is in a situation where the lateral behavior predominates (bend, change of wires, etc.)
- the measuring step includes a measurement of the movement of the body relative to the ground.
- the measurement step includes a measurement of movement of the body relative to the ground in order to identify the pitch inertia.
- the measurement of the clearance of the body makes it possible to deduce the angle of the body of the vehicle and of specify the angular and vertical movements of said box in order to obtain an identification of the precise pitch inertia.
- the measurement step comprises a step of filtering the measurement signals.
- the method comprises applying a filter to retain only the signals in a low frequency range.
- the measurement signals can be altered by wheel impacts or suspension movements. Said altered signals are associated with substantially high frequencies. It is therefore necessary to filter the measurement signals in order to retain only those which mainly concern the movements of yaw and pitch of the vehicle.
- the numerical model is based on assumptions of assimilation of the body to a rigid body, which is validated with signals in a low frequency range.
- the signals retained can be generated during a driving phase with vertical movements of the body, which is common during a vehicle start or a passage of the bumps.
- the values of suspended and unsprung masses are not likely to be modified during such rolling.
- the signal filter takes into account all the values below a threshold frequency of 5 Hz.
- the filtering step comprises applying a thresholding to select relevant signals. Said thresholding makes it possible to obtain correct conditions for identifying the yaw inertia.
- the filtering of signals from measurements takes values lower than a frequency of 5 Hz. Signals at higher frequencies are likely to be noisy, for example, by local mode vibrations and thus produce errors in the identification results.
- the low-frequency filtering of the signals measured below 5 hz makes it possible to reduce the influence of the dynamic effects of the wheels.
- the modes of the suspensions are at substantially higher frequencies than the mode of the vehicle body.
- the relevant signals are introduced into a calculation model whose hypotheses are validated; in particular, the 5hz signal filtering makes it possible to validate a calculation hypothesis considering the body as a rigid body.
- Said calculation model then makes it possible to identify the masses suspended on the front axle and on the rear axle of the vehicle. Said identification then makes it possible to identify the geometric position of the center of gravity of the vehicle and the yaw of the vehicle.
- the step of identifying the center of gravity of the vehicle in dynamic mode comprises an unspecified mass identification step and a suspended mass of the vehicle.
- the step of identifying the center of gravity comprises a step of identification of the suspended and unsprung masses from the measurement values of forces to the wheels. Indeed, it is necessary to dissociate in the values of measured forces, the part associated with the suspended mass and that associated with the unsprung mass in order to precisely identify the pitch inertia and the yaw inertia which depend on the suspended mass.
- the step of identifying the yaw inertia comprises a test on the value of the steering angle with respect to an angle threshold.
- the step of identifying the yaw inertia comprises a test on the value of the steering angle with respect to an angle threshold in order to differentiate between the conditions of driving in a straight line or in a running direction. side transient of the vehicle.
- the step of identifying the yaw inertia comprises a module for identifying the yaw inertia while traveling in a straight line.
- the step of identifying the yaw inertia comprises a yaw identification inertia identification module when the vehicle is in a substantially straight line taxiing phase.
- a yaw identification inertia identification module when the vehicle is in a substantially straight line taxiing phase.
- the method allows the identification of the pitch inertia prior to the identification of the yaw inertia.
- the step of identifying the yaw inertia comprises a module for identifying the yaw inertia during rolling in a lateral transient regime.
- the method according to the invention comprises an identification module of the yaw inertia when the vehicle is in the course of rolling in lateral transient regime including turns or changes son.
- the steering angle is then large enough to allow identification of the yaw inertia by minimizing measurement errors.
- the yaw inertia is determined in dynamic mode according to the suspended mass that can change and the unsprung mass.
- the yaw inertia identification method is implemented in a yaw inertia identification system of a motor vehicle comprising:
- a means for measuring the steering angle of the vehicle a control unit adapted to unwind said method.
- the system for identifying the inertia comprises the means for measuring wheel forces and for accelerating that means for measuring the steering angle of the vehicle, said measurements are preferably performed while driving, associated with a measurement of the steering angle. Said dynamic measurements are then sent to a control unit which is able to unroll the identification process.
- the control unit is preferably connected to a control unit for vehicle trajectory control.
- FIG 1 shows a schematic view of a motor vehicle with measurement sensors.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of a wheel suspension.
- FIG. 3 represents a flowchart for determining the yaw momentum of a vehicle.
- FIG. 4 represents a longitudinal schematic view of the vehicle.
- the description takes into account an orthonormal reference system with a longitudinal axis X parallel to the direction of a motor vehicle joining the centers of the axles for example with a direction directed towards the front of the vehicle, a transverse axis Y orthogonal to the axis X, the X and Y axes being included in the plane of the vehicle passing through the axles of the vehicle, and a vertical axis Z orthogonal to said plane of the vehicle with a direction directed towards the top of the vehicle.
- reference is made to the front / rear parts of the elements relative to the position of the center of gravity in the direction towards the front of the vehicle.
- the invention described below proposes a system and a method for identifying the yaw momentum of a vehicle or of rotation about the vertical axis Z, in a dynamic mode, ie said vehicle in a phase of rotation. rolling.
- the system makes it possible, from the measurements of the forces carried out using measurement means known in the automotive field and routinely installed on the wheels and on the vehicle body, to identify the inertia of yaw or pitch much more. specifies that from measurements in static or from measurements without taking into account the dynamic force of the wheels on said vehicle. For this, said method identifies the masses of the vehicle involved in a movement of yaw or pitch, that is to say, the suspended and unsprung masses and the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle in said driving conditions.
- the method is therefore associated with an identification system comprising various measuring means 15, 16, 17, 18r, 18c, 19 and a control unit 20.
- a motor vehicle generally comprises a substantially parallelepiped body 1 1 placed on two axles. Each end of said axles carries a wheel 12 and is connected to said body 1 1 by suspension means 14 as shown in Figure 2.
- the suspension means comprise in known manner an elastic means such as a spring and a damper.
- Each wheel 12 generally comprises a rim 15 and a tire 13 surrounding said rim and in contact with the ground.
- the identification of the yaw and / or pitch inertia depends on mass values characterizing the vehicle while taxiing; said masses comprise a suspended mass and an unsprung mass.
- the unsprung mass corresponds to the apparent mass of a front or rear train of the vehicle in the direction of movement, and represents the mass of the components of said train such as axles 16, wheel rims 15, wheel bearings, wheel hubs, tires 13 and a portion of the weight of the damping springs 14, transmission shafts and suspension links, and brakes (not shown).
- the suspended mass is the mass of the other elements suspended on the trains of the vehicle.
- the identification of said suspended and unsprung masses in dynamic mode allows a better accuracy in the identification of pitch inertia, yaw of the vehicle.
- the identification system 10 of the dynamic yaw inertia comprises wheel force measurement means 17 which are located substantially along the axis of rotation of said wheel, for example in rims or bearings. Said force measuring means 17 are capable of providing the measurements making it possible to deduce the forces along the longitudinal axis X, the transverse axis Y and the vertical axis Z.
- Said force measuring means 17 are widely known and used in the automotive field. They may be similar to a dynamometer wheel commonly used by car manufacturers for rolling measurements. Said means for measuring the forces at the wheel 17 can also be force sensors integrated into wheel bearings which make it possible to obtain measurements with a reduced bulk during the driving phase. These types of sensors are well known in modern vehicles with control systems or driving assistance.
- the identification system 10 also comprises acceleration measuring means 18r wheel to collect information of vehicle acceleration and including the body 1 1 during pitching movements or yaw movements.
- Said means are wheel acceleration sensors 18r preferably fixed to the axis of the wheel and to the vehicle body and make it possible to measure accelerations along the longitudinal axis X, the transverse axis Y and the vertical axis Z to know the movements of the wheels and the body.
- an acceleration sensor to the wheel 18r is thus fixed near the center of the wheel or in the axis of rotation Y1 of the wheel.
- the wheel acceleration sensor 18r may be of the same piece with the force sensor 17 at the wheel.
- the identification system 10 comprises acceleration sensors of the body 18c fixed on a median longitudinal line of the body 1 1, in a front portion and in a rear portion of said body.
- the acceleration sensors 18c of the body are disposed on said longitudinal center line above the axes of the axles 16. It is then possible to appreciate the relative pitching or yawing movements between the body and the wheels.
- the positions of said body acceleration sensors may have a longitudinal gap with the position above the axles. Said longitudinal deviation can be taken into account in the identification of suspended and unsprung masses.
- the system 10 may also include means for measuring the clearance 19 of the body relative to the road floor.
- laser measuring means for example can be arranged on the body 1 1 of the vehicle to assess a pitch angle of said body and to deduce the pitch acceleration or to estimate the height of the center the vehicle's gravity and the height of the pitch center in relation to the ground. These measurements make it possible to appreciate the inertia of said box as well as the elastic characteristics of the suspensions 14. On the measuring bench, it is common to use wire sensors.
- the identification system 10 includes means for measuring the steering angle of the vehicle.
- Said means may be simply a steering angle sensor fixed preferentially on a steering column 21 of the vehicle.
- the steering angle is substantially proportional to the steering angle of the wheels 12 and is therefore associated with the transverse forces causing yaw movements.
- a dynamic model the DAE (Electric Power Steering) or DAH (Hydraulic Power Steering) system can be used to dynamically derive the steering angle.
- the identification system 10 includes yaw rate sensors (not shown) that are commonly used by ESP trajectory correction systems. The knowledge of the yaw rate values in real time makes it possible to easily deduce yaw inertia.
- the identification system 10 may comprise a low-pass filter (not shown) to take into account only measurements arranged in a low frequency range below a filtering frequency threshold. Filtered measurements provide reliable measurements and validate assumptions to simplify computational and identification models.
- the identification system 10 also includes a control unit 22 unwinding a program describing a method of identifying the yaw inertia.
- Said control unit 22 comprises sufficient means in storage for recording the measurement signals and in calculation for processing said signals. It is directly connected with a control unit 23 unwinding a program describing a procedure for checking and stabilizing the trajectory of the vehicle known as the ESP or ESC initials.
- the two control units 22, 23 are the same unit.
- the method for identifying yaw or pitch inertia comprises:
- Said center of gravity relates to pitching or yawing movements.
- a third step of identifying the pitching or yawing inertia E5 of the vehicle following the second step of identifying the center of gravity and the suspended and unsuspended mases in the first step E1 of measurements, thanks to the various measuring means comprising the measuring means described above 17, 18r, 18c, 19, 20, one obtains signals of measurement of forces to the wheels, of acceleration to the wheels and at the box, steering angle measurement and measurement of movement of the body. Said measurement signals are then sent to the control unit 22 to be processed.
- step E3 The identification steps E3 and E5 of the method are executed consecutively to the step E1.
- step E5 For the identification of suspended and unsprung masses and the dynamic center of gravity in step E3 as well as yaw and pitch inertia in step E5, calculation assumptions include that:
- the body is a rigid body and that
- the vehicle body can be considered as a rigid body for signals measured in a relatively low frequency range and generally below 5hz.
- the suspension modes are observed at substantially higher frequencies of the order of 1 1 -12hz.
- wheel forces for example following a collision on the roadway.
- Said wheel forces are associated in a known manner with accelerations of the wheels.
- the higher the frequencies of the signals the greater the dynamic forces of the wheel.
- the measured signals of the step E1 are filtered to validate said calculation assumptions.
- the filtering of the measured signals also makes the results of the measurements more reliable.
- the measurement step E1 thus comprises a filtering phase P1 of the measured values before being used in the identification step E3 of the center of gravity.
- the measurements carried out go through the filtering phase P1 of the measurement frequencies to retain only the measurements whose Frequency is less than a filter frequency threshold of 5hz. Thanks to said filtering of the measurement signals, the wheel beats are thus eliminated and the acceleration levels are very low. In this situation, wheel movements have little influence on cash entry efforts.
- the filtering frequency threshold can be reduced and reduced to 3hz.
- the filtered measurements are then sent to the identification step of the center of gravity E3.
- the step of identification of the center of gravity in dynamic mode E3 comprises an identification module M1 of the suspended and unsprung masses.
- the invention differentiates the suspended and unsprung masses and the dynamic rolling speed of the vehicle for the identification of the center of gravity, which allows a greater accuracy of the identification results. Thanks to the sensors of the forces and possibly acceleration to the wheel, the contribution of the unsprung mass can be clearly identified. However, the filtering of the signals makes it possible to dispense with acceleration sensors and to obtain similar results.
- the equation of the dynamics for pumping movements of the body 1 1 of the vehicle is considered.
- the masses in play are the mass of the train element disposed between the vehicle body and the force sensor, called the unsprung mass of the MNSint wheel and the suspended mass MS disposed above the means of suspensions.
- the unsprung mass MNS total is composed of an unsprung mass of MNSint wheel and an unsprung mass outside MNSext, it remains substantially constant and can for example be measured or calculated during the design of the vehicle.
- Said unsprung mass of MNSint wheel is formed by a part of the unsprung mass without the tire and part of the rim.
- the unsprung mass of the outer wheel M NSext then comprises the mass of the tire and the portion of the rim and a portion of sensors.
- the forces at the body are the sum of the forces measured by the force sensors 1 5 to the wheel less the forces due to the unsprung mass of the wheel animated with an acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor 1 6 to the wheel.
- F 1 for each of the wheels (type of independent train):
- the index i refers to the wheel i and i e ⁇ avg, avd, arg, ard ⁇ .
- -FZK cap i vertical force along the Z axis measured by the sensor i brought back to the K point in the center of the wheel.
- the resulting force causes a movement of the suspended mass including the body.
- the index av ar refers to the front or rear train.
- the acceleration ⁇ av , ⁇ ar respectively corresponds to the acceleration of the front or rear gear in pumping movement, that is to say the average value of the measurements of the left and right wheels of the same train.
- Yz crate av, fz crate ar are respectively the vertical acceleration of the body of the front block and the rear block in pumping motion along the vertical axis Z.
- MSav and MSar are respectively the suspended mass of the front block and the rear block.
- the unsprung mass of the MNSint wheel can be identified at the same time as the suspended mass MS by the equation F2. It may be noted that this is an equivalent unsprung mass MNSint which does not generally correspond to the physical mass of the suspension. It is associated in principle with a motion axis.
- the module M1 thus makes it possible to precisely identify, according to the driving conditions, a front suspension mass which is carried by the front axle of the vehicle and a rear suspension mass which is carried by the rear axle.
- the step E3 comprises a module M3 making it possible to deduce the position of the center of gravity according to the ratio between the suspended mass of the front block or the rear block on the total suspended mass of the vehicle by formulas F3 and F4:
- L is the wheelbase of the vehicle, that is to say the longitudinal distance between the two axles of the vehicle
- the MS is the longitudinal or X-axis distance between the front axle and the center of gravity
- Lb MS is the longitudinal or X-axis distance between the rear axle and the center of gravity
- MSav is the suspended mass carried by the front axle
- MSar is the suspended mass carried by the rear axle
- MS is the total suspended mass of the vehicle.
- the identification method 30 may comprise a correction module M2 which makes it possible to take into account a position of the acceleration sensor fixed on the body on the longitudinal axis of the body having a longitudinal gap with the ideal position above the axle axis. Said correction module M2 is possibly called consecutively to the module M1 for identifying suspended and unsprung masses.
- MSav corrected MSav * . (ALar + ALar Rm + Dcap Rm) / [Rm ⁇ (ALar - ALav + Dcap)] (F6)
- MSar corrected MSar ⁇ (ALar "Dcap + ALav ⁇ Rm) / (ALav” ALar “Dcap)]
- Dcap longitudinal distance between the sensors.
- the module M1 of identification of the suspended masses allows in a first sequence, the identification of the suspended mass with the hypothesis of an ideal location of acceleration sensors to the body.
- the module M2 makes it possible to correct the values identified according to the actual position of the sensors relative to the longitudinal position of the axles of the vehicle.
- the module M3 then makes it possible to determine the relative wheelbases before L a MS and rear Lb MS with respect to the center of gravity of the suspended masses, the position L a MS corresponding to the distance between the center of gravity and the longitudinal position of the front axle and Lb MS, at the longitudinal distance of said center of gravity with the longitudinal position of the rear axle.
- step E3 the results of step E3 are used in step E5 to allow identification of the lace inertia, always under the assumption that the body is a rigid body.
- the identification step E5 of the method 30 comprises an estimation module 11 of the yaw inertia when the vehicle is traveling in a straight line.
- the vehicle When the vehicle is traveling in a substantially straight line, there are no measurements of rotational movement about the vertical axis Z sufficient to characterize the yaw phenomena. Indeed, the vehicle can circulate strictly in a straight line or the turning radius may be sufficiently large, which is associated with a low steering wheel angle.
- the shape of the vehicle generally includes a length greater than its width and height. It can then be estimated that the influence of the height z or the width is small compared to that of the length x of said vehicle.
- G x , G y , Gz are the coordinates of the center of gravity of the overall vehicle along the X, Y and Z axes.
- the pitch inertia is therefore substantially equal to the yaw inertia: ly ⁇ lz and more precisely l y ⁇ l z / K,
- the pitch inertia can be deduced in a simple manner from measurements taken on a vehicle running in a straight line in a step M a.
- the pitching movements are studied during the design of the vehicle and a point representing the CIRp of the pitch is defined.
- the CIRp is a variable point according to the masses of the front and rear trains and the architectures of the suspensions.
- the pitching torque is a function of the pitch angle, the pitch inertia y and the distance LG-CIR p 43 separating the center of gravity 40 and CIRp 41 according to the equation F9:
- LG-CIRP 43 is the distance between the center of gravity 40 and the CIRP position
- lyMs is the pitch inertia of the suspended mass.
- the acceleration of the pitch angle ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 can be deduced either from the measurements provided by an angle sensor or angular velocity, or by the accelerometers, for example by two sensors installed longitudinally and separated with a distance of D cap .
- the pitch angle ⁇ can also be deduced by the following formula by measuring the height of the body relative to a flat ground by the displacement measurement sensors:
- the coefficients K 1 and K 2 are not identical according to the state of the vehicle in normal driving or braking.
- the unsprung masses have a significant influence but the unsprung mass MNS remains constant and easily identifiable by calculations or measurements.
- the pitch inertia is composed of the pitch inertia of the suspended mass and the pitch inertia of the unsprung mass.
- the pitch inertia of the unsprung mass corresponds to the pitch inertia for the front and rear axles of the vehicle.
- Ly MNS MNS train av. The 2 + MNS ar train.
- Lb 2
- the influence of the CIRP position is, however, reduced, which may lead to an error of less than 8% for a standard vehicle. Said error can be reduced by predetermining the position of the CIRP beforehand during the design phase of the vehicle.
- the forces and the pitching torque related to rolling can be quantified according to formulas F12 and F13 as a function of the vehicle speed and the aerodynamic resistance of said vehicle.
- the contribution of the dynamic force does not exceed 300 N.
- the pitching torque related to this dynamic force is then according to the formula F12 of the order of 100 Nm and is therefore relatively low.
- the formula F1 0 with the correction F1 1 concerning the unsprung mass and with the possible correction F1 3 of the running speed of the vehicle therefore makes it possible to identify simply in the module 11 the pitch inertia which is substantially equal in value to the yaw inertia, when the vehicle is in the driving phase in a straight line.
- the method comprises an identification module 12 of the yaw inertia when the vehicle is running in a transitional phase in lateral dynamics (cornering, slalom or change of lane).
- the method takes into account non-zero steering steering angles.
- the yaw inertia in this embodiment is a function of the forces in the plane of the vehicle.
- the formulas F14 and F1 5 make it possible to identify the yaw torque as a function of the force values measured along the longitudinal X and transverse Y axes and of the vehicle wheelbase values, that is to say the distance between the vehicle and the vehicle. front axle and the rear axle, said value being corrected for hunting angles and pneumatic flushing.
- the center of gravity in yaw is positioned in G y in the plane of the vehicle.
- the yaw inertia can be expressed simply as a function of the forces measured by the force sensors and the steering angle as well as the acceleration measurements according to F14:
- Izz Izz * + MNSav ext.La 2 + MNSar ext.L b 2
- .Voie is substantially the width of the axle
- Avg Fx, Fx avd, Fy and Fy av ar are the wheel measured forces in the axis X and the axis Y of the wheel reference av forward and backward ar.
- F x and F y are the forces measured by the sensors in the longitudinal axis X and transverse Y respectively of the wheel mark.
- the * and Lb * are the longitudinal distances that is to say along the X axis between the front and rear b of the vehicle and the center of gravity taking into account the effect of flushing the tire.
- L is the wheelbase of the vehicle, that is to say the longitudinal distance between the two axles of the vehicle.
- the equation F1 4 of the module 12 makes it possible to identify the yaw inertia when the vehicle is running in a lateral transient phase.
- the method for identifying the yaw inertia comprises:
- the measurement signals are filtered in the filtering phase P1 to accept only signals in a frequency range below a frequency threshold.
- Said frequency threshold is set at 5 Hz but it can be modified according to the stiffness of the suspensions. Frequencies higher than 5 Hz are generally associated with wheel forces that must be taken into account in the calculation models as well as cash movements.
- This step includes the identification of suspended and unsprung masses M1.
- the unsprung mass remains fairly constant on the vehicle.
- the suspended mass may vary significantly depending on the loadings of the vehicle for example.
- Values identified suspended and unsprung masses can be corrected with the module M2 according to the provisions of acceleration sensors on the body which may have a longitudinal gap with an ideal position arranged above the axles.
- the M3 module allows the estimation of the center of gravity position for pitching and yawing movements.
- step E3 a step of identifying the yaw inertia E5 consecutive to step E3 and comprising:
- a test of the steering angle T1 of wheels with respect to a steering threshold in order to differentiate between driving in a straight line and cornering. It will be possible to set the steering angle threshold of the steering wheel, for example at 15 °. For ease of calculation, the test relates to the steering angle with respect to the steering threshold of 15 °. For an angle steering deflection of less than 5 °, it can be considered that the vehicle is traveling in a straight line. One can also take into account a threshold of yaw acceleration to identify the lateral transient regime.
- an identification step 11 of the pitch inertia and of assimilating said inertia to the yaw inertia e.g., the movements in pitch and yaw involve the same masses arranged in a similar manner with respect to the center of gravity.
- the pitch inertia is then substantially equal to the yaw inertia.
- RLS Recursive Least Squares
- the method can also be started by the vehicle stability control unit 23.
- the objective is achieved: we have a method and a system of identification of the yaw inertia with measures of efforts to the wheel, acceleration to the wheel and to the box, the values identified agree substantially with measures during tests.
- the measurement system includes force and acceleration sensors and steering angle measurement to improve the values identified according to the driving conditions.
- the yaw inertia value identified in a straight line after a vehicle start may be sufficient and be addressed to the control unit in charge of the stability control of the vehicle.
- This method of estimating the inertia of the lace which uses the vertical force sensors is also easier to implement or more economical than the so-called direct identification which requires at least Y sensors or X.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and the skilled person will be able to provide any variant within his mind by neglecting certain factors in the formulas for example without going beyond the scope of the invention or by launching the method of identifying the yaw inertia at selected moments of the running depending for example on the speed of the vehicle.
- the mass of the vehicle can be represented by three concentrated masses with identical pitch or yaw inertia conservation. It is assumed that the influence of the loading height and the influence of the width are small compared to that of the wheelbase, we can write:
- the total suspended mass is the sum of the three equivalent suspended masses front, center and rear:
- MSav eq, MS C eq, MSar eq means the equivalent suspended mass concentrated on the front axle, the center of gravity and the rear axle,
- The, Lb designates the longitudinal distance along the X axis between the front axle a, the rear axle b and the center of gravity.
- the indices av and ar represent the front and rear parts of the vehicle relative to the center of gravity of said vehicle.
- -p y represents the gyratory radius along the Y axis and defined by F15.
- the suspended mass of the central part is therefore:
- the pitch inertia is estimated by taking into account train inertia in the following formula:
- the yaw inertia can be deduced in a similar way:
- the coefficient ⁇ varies between 0.85 and 1.15.
- An estimate of the value of the yaw inertia is then substantially better than that obtained by empirical estimates because it is possible to take account of the loadings of the body which make the suspended mass and the pitch or yaw center of gravity vary.
- the coefficient ⁇ can be estimated simply by a series of preliminary tests for example, but for some vehicles that have atypical loading, the coefficient can exceed these thresholds, so it is interesting to have a method that overcomes this disadvantage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1554284A FR3036081B1 (fr) | 2015-05-13 | 2015-05-13 | Identification de l'inertie de lacet et de tangage de vehicule automobile |
| PCT/FR2016/051079 WO2016181058A1 (fr) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-09 | Identification de l'inertie de lacet et de tangage de véhicule automobile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3294600A1 true EP3294600A1 (fr) | 2018-03-21 |
Family
ID=53776764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16727532.0A Withdrawn EP3294600A1 (fr) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-09 | Identification de l'inertie de lacet et de tangage de véhicule automobile |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3294600A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3036081B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016181058A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5136513A (en) | 1990-06-11 | 1992-08-04 | Ford Motor Company | Vehicle inertia and center of gravity estimator |
| DE102006009680A1 (de) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fahrdynamik-Regelsystem eines zweispurigen Fahrzeugs |
| JP2008265545A (ja) | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両の重心位置推定装置及び重心位置/ヨー慣性モーメント推定装置。 |
| WO2008138067A1 (fr) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-11-20 | University Of Technology, Sydney | Procédé et système pour estimer des paramètres d'un véhicule |
| FR2918337B1 (fr) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-08-21 | Renault Sas | Procede d'identification du moment d'inertie vertical et des rigidites de derive d'un vehicule automobile |
| FR2930923A1 (fr) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-13 | Renault Sas | Procede de controle d'un systeme de pilotage du comportement dynamique d'une caisse de vehicule automobile |
| FR2932140A3 (fr) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-11 | Renault Sas | Vehicule dote d'un systeme de freinage et procede de commande d'un tel vehicule |
-
2015
- 2015-05-13 FR FR1554284A patent/FR3036081B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-05-09 WO PCT/FR2016/051079 patent/WO2016181058A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-05-09 EP EP16727532.0A patent/EP3294600A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3036081B1 (fr) | 2018-10-26 |
| FR3036081A1 (fr) | 2016-11-18 |
| WO2016181058A1 (fr) | 2016-11-17 |
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