EP3291994B1 - Personalization device and method for personalizing a document - Google Patents
Personalization device and method for personalizing a document Download PDFInfo
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- EP3291994B1 EP3291994B1 EP16723051.5A EP16723051A EP3291994B1 EP 3291994 B1 EP3291994 B1 EP 3291994B1 EP 16723051 A EP16723051 A EP 16723051A EP 3291994 B1 EP3291994 B1 EP 3291994B1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser
Definitions
- the invention relates to a personalization device for personalizing a document with a graphic and to a method for personalizing a document by applying a graphic to such a personalization device.
- a graphic such as a portrait of the document holder can be applied to the document for this purpose.
- the technique of laser engraving has proven itself. It will be in the document blank color pigments or pigments of different shades of gray produced by bombardment of a photosensitive material with laser light. In the photosensitive material, a material conversion takes place, whereby individual pixels can be generated at the point of impact of the laser.
- a graphic by laser engraving a graphic can first be rasterized, with the individual pixels of the graphic subsequently being transmitted to the document by individual laser pulses or a sequence of laser pulses.
- a polycarbonate layer or a polyvinyl chloride may be applied to the document, which is admixed with an additive which consists essentially of carbon chains. If this layer is now bombarded with a laser pulse, individual molecular chains can break up and carbon can be released. This manifests itself in a blackening of the layer in the region of the region hit by the laser pulse. In general, the generated gray level depends on the pulse energy.
- EP2851207 discloses a personalization device having a beam source for generating laser pulses for personalizing a document with a graphic, the graphics including pixels, and wherein the personalization device is adapted to image the pixels of the graphic as pixels by applying the laser pulses to the document to form an image to create the graphic on the document.
- a “document” can be a value or security document.
- a “document” is understood as meaning paper-based and / or plastic-based documents, such as identity documents, identity cards, visas and driving licenses, vehicle registration documents, vehicle documents, company identity cards, health cards or other ID documents as well as chip cards, payment means, in particular banknotes, Bank cards and credit cards, bills of lading or other credentials.
- a "document” is understood to mean, in particular, a portable electronic device which has at least one data memory for storing an attribute and a communication interface for reading out the attribute.
- the document has a secure memory area for storing the at least one attribute, in order to prevent the attribute stored in the memory area from being altered in an unauthorized manner or read out without the authorization required therefor.
- the invention in a first aspect, relates to a personalization device having an optical arrangement and a beam source for generating laser pulses.
- the personalization device is designed to personalize a document with a graphic by means of the laser pulses.
- the graphic includes a plurality of pixels.
- the personalization device is therefore designed to image the pixels of the graphic as pixels by applying a photosensitive layer of the document with the laser pulses to the document to produce an image of the graphic on the document.
- the laser pulses are generated by the personalization device such that a first subset of pixels from the plurality of pixels after imaging on the document has a first geometric shape, while at least a second subset of pixels from the plurality of pixels after imaging on the document geometric shape, which differs from the first geometric shape.
- the device is designed to direct laser pulses generated by the beam source through the optical arrangement of the personalization device to the position of a pixel.
- the optical arrangement is designed to adapt the transverse intensity profile of the laser pulse of the respective geometric shape of the pixel.
- the beam source of the personalization device is preferably a pulsed laser source.
- pulsed gas lasers, dye lasers or solid-state lasers can be used for this purpose.
- the energy of a laser pulse generated by the beam source is sufficiently large to produce a pixel in the photosensitive layer of the document.
- the laser source must be capable of delivering laser light of a wavelength suitable for producing pixels in the photosensitive layer of the document.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that the adjustment of the transverse intensity profile of the laser pulse to a desired geometric shape of the pixel to be generated at different points of the imaged graphic pixels can be generated, which in their geometric shape of the usually round pixels of a laser engraved image differ. In this case, such a geometric shape due to the manipulated Intensity profiles of the laser pulse by a single laser pulse or a sequence of identical laser pulses are generated on the document.
- Such a targeted variation of the geometric shape of the pixels produced on the document could be used to secure the forgery of the document.
- a laser engraved graphic can be manipulated essentially by adding pixels or by additionally blackening existing pixels.
- pixels subsequently added to a graphic have a round shape because a round intensity profile can be more easily generated in a laser than another defined geometric shape, such as a rectangle or a line.
- another defined geometric shape such as a rectangle or a line.
- the optical arrangement includes a bundle of photoconductive fibers and a coupling optics for coupling a laser pulse into the photoconductive fibers.
- a pixel is then composed of a plurality of sub-pixels, the geometric shape of the pixel being determined by the arrangement of the sub-pixels, the light-conducting fibers being adapted to image the sub-pixels of the pixel by imaging the laser pulse on the document to create.
- a subpixel is preferably generated by the laser pulse coupled out of a single fiber on the document.
- the light-conducting Fibers may, for example, be hollow core fibers or full glass fibers made of quartz glass.
- an array of lenses can be used, which focuses an incident radiation on the fiber facets of the individual fibers of the fiber bundle.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that the ends of the light-conducting fibers of the fiber bundle, at which the incident laser light emerges from the fibers, could easily be aligned with different points of the document or picture elements of the graphic.
- a rasterized graphic can be transferred to a document in a simple manner by aligning the fiber ends of the fiber bundle successively with the individual pixels of the graphic to be applied.
- a coupling optics matched to the fiber bundle can greatly increase the efficiency with which the incident laser light is coupled into the fibers.
- the bundle of photoconductive fibers is an image-receiving optical fiber bundle.
- an image-retaining optical fiber bundle is understood as an optical fiber bundle which is capable of faithfully reproducing the transverse intensity profile of an incident laser pulse onto the surface of the document following propagation of the laser pulse along the optical fiber bundle.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that the geometric shape of the pixel to be generated can already be determined before the coupling into the light-conducting fibers.
- the beam source can be made by suitable optics to emit laser pulses in a particular transverse electromagnetic mode. It is possible to produce a transverse intensity profile which deviates significantly from the usual round shape of a laser pulse in a mixture of different transverse electromagnetic modes. This intensity profile could then be imaged onto the pixel of the document by the fibers of the image-retaining optical fiber bundle To produce pixel with a defined geometric shape, which differs from the usually round shape of a pixel.
- the device includes at least one mask with at least one opening.
- the mask is arranged between the beam source and the optical arrangement.
- the shape of the at least one opening of the mask corresponds to the geometric shape of the image point to be generated on the document.
- the mask could be a blackened metal plate provided with a plurality of recesses.
- the mask could be placed close to the fiber facets of the fiber bundle so that the openings of the mask coincide with individual fibers of the bundle of photoconductive fibers. If a laser pulse generated by the beam source then falls on the mask, laser light is coupled only into the fibers of the fiber bundle, the facet of which is in registration with an opening in the mask. Thus, by the mask, a coupling of laser pulses into certain fibers of the fiber bundle can be prevented.
- the mask can also be an electromechanical mask.
- a projection device can be arranged between the beam source and the optical arrangement, which uses electromechanical components to image a round laser pulse onto the fiber facets of individual fibers of the optical arrangement.
- an arrangement of a plurality of movable micromirrors can be used.
- a selective illumination of individual fibers of the optical arrangement can be achieved.
- the individual micromirrors are controllable in their orientation by an electromechanical suspension.
- Embodiments of the invention may have the advantage that by using a mask which excludes certain fibers of the fiber bundle from illumination by the laser pulse or which only illuminates certain fibers of the fiber bundle, a pattern can be easily produced can be burned by imaging the fiber ends on the photosensitive layer of the document in the pixel of the graph.
- the mask used can be adapted accordingly for various desired geometric shapes of a pixel to be generated.
- the fiber bundle and its input and output optics can remain the same for all masks.
- the at least one mask is arranged in a magazine, wherein the magazine is adapted to position or remove a mask between the beam source and the fiber bundle.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that by using masks, which are arranged in a magazine, a fast switching between different geometric shapes of the generated pixels is possible. For example, a new mask can be placed in front of the facet of the fiber bundle for each individual pixel so that the pixel of the graphic generated with the next laser pulse receives the geometric shape defined by the mask.
- the ends of the optical fibers of the fiber bundle are arranged in a plane in the form of the geometric shape of the pixel.
- an initially round fiber bundle could be arranged so that the ends of the photoconductive fibers form a cross shape or circular shape or a rectangular shape in a plane.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that by appropriately arranging the photoconductive fibers, all the fibers can contribute to the formation of the pixel.
- the embodiment is characterized by a low power loss, since almost all the laser energy, which is coupled into the fibers, is also used to generate the pixel.
- the optical arrangement further comprises imaging optics for imaging the fiber ends on the document.
- the coupling optics, the fiber bundle and the imaging optics are monolithic.
- a monolithic design is understood to mean an embodiment in which the relative position of the coupling optics to the fiber facets of the fiber bundle and the relative position of the imaging optics to the fiber ends of the fiber bundle are fixed and can not be changed.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that the optical arrangement only has to be adjusted once and then the adjustment of the coupling optics and the imaging optics can be maintained for all further uses of the optical arrangement.
- the coupling optics can be adjusted so that a collimated laser pulse with the greatest possible Einkoppeleffzienz is coupled into the fibers of the fiber bundle.
- the imaging optics can then be placed in front of the fiber ends of the fiber bundle such that they image the laser pulses coupled out of the fibers with a defined size onto the surface of the document for a defined distance between the imaging optics and the document surface. Overall, the handling of the personalization device can be simplified.
- a pixel of the graphic is imaged onto the document as a pixel by exposing the photosensitive layer of the document to a single laser pulse.
- the amount of energy that is introduced by the laser pulse into the document must be adjusted so that the pixel produced has the desired gray level or brightness level.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that by generating a pixel by a single laser pulse, rapid generation of the graphics can be ensured, provided that the beam source can be switched quickly in its output power. Furthermore, it could be ensured that the geometric shape of the generated pixel with respect to a pixel, which was generated by a sequence of laser pulses, is not blurred by any vibrations within the personalization device.
- a pixel of the graphic is imaged by impinging the photosensitive layer of the document with a plurality of laser pulses on the document as a pixel, each of the laser pulses introducing the same amount of energy into the photosensitive layer of the document.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that one does not have to switch the laser or the beam source between the generation of pixels of different brightness in its output power. Rather, the same pulse energy can always be used for each pixel regardless of its gray level. The gray level would be defined only by the number of laser pulses delivered to the pixel.
- the pixels of the graphic on the document comprise a color of a plurality of color values.
- the color values are each assigned a geometric shape of the pixel.
- the pixels of the graphic on the document on a gray value of a plurality of gray values, wherein the gray values each associated with a geometric shape of the pixel.
- the FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a graphic 100, which for personalization purposes on a document 102 (not shown here) can be applied.
- the graphic 100 is a passport photograph in the embodiment shown here.
- a fingerprint of the document holder could also be applied to the document 102 in an analogous method.
- the output graphic is first rasterized. This means that a raster is placed over the graphic 100 and a brightness or color value is defined for each point of the raster, so that the totality of the resulting pixels in the raster results in the most accurate approximation of the output graphic 100.
- FIG. 1 a detail 104 from the graphic 100 after the raster process is shown with an enlarged representation. It is a field of size 8 x 8 pixels from the area of the pupil of the right eye.
- the individual pixels 106 of the image section are assumed to be round pixels. This is due to the fact that laser pulses with a round transverse intensity distribution are usually used in particular when transferring a graphic 100 to a document 102 by means of laser engraving. Such a round profile can be easily generated by superposition of a plurality of transverse electromagnetic modes.
- the graphic 100 can then be imaged on the surface of the document 102 in good approximation to the original graphic.
- the pixels 106 or at least a subset of the individual pixels 106 of the graphic 100 applied to the document have a substructure or geometric shape deviating from a round shape from sub-pixels 108.
- FIG. 1 are in FIG. 1 from the bottom row of pixels from the section 104 two pixels 110 and 112 selected and enlarged.
- the pixel 110 is made up of 13 sub-pixels 108.
- the sub-pixels 108 are arranged within the pixel 110 in a defined geometric pattern or a geometric shape.
- the brightness or gray value of the sub-pixels 108 of the pixel 110 corresponds to the brightness or gray-scale value of the pixel 110 shown in the detail 104.
- a pixel in the sense of the invention is a part of the output graphic 100, which is loaded into the personalization device (200).
- the pixels of the source graphic 100 are then mapped onto the document 102, with a pixel 106 being created on the document 102 for each pixel.
- a pixel 106 in turn is made up of sub-pixels 108, the sub-pixels 108 result in the geometric shape of the pixel 106 on the document 102.
- a pixel 106 were subsequently blackened in a graphic 100 in which the pixels are constructed from a geometrical arrangement of subpixels, or an additional pixel inserted, this would normally be done by applying a laser pulse to the document or the photosensitive layer has a round intensity profile.
- a manipulation would then be easily recognizable, since the actually expected substructure of the pixel 106 no longer matches the original substructure.
- a subsequent manipulation of the graphic 100 on the document 102 can be detected in a simple manner.
- a pixel 106 within a laser-engraved graphic 100 has a size of, for example, 0.1 mm.
- the sub-pixels 108 in the embodiment shown here may, for example, have a size of not more than 20 ⁇ m. Since, in a graphic element having a sub-pixel sub 108 structure on the order of a few 10 ⁇ m, the substructure can not be resolved by the human eye, a pixel 106 appears to a viewer like a uniformly colored pixel. However, it is possible to make visible the substructure of a pixel 106 by magnification, for example, with a magnifying glass to control the graph on subsequent manipulations.
- the pixels 106 it is possible for different pixels 106 to define different geometric shapes or arrangement of sub-pixels. So in the in Fig.1 represented image section of the geometric shape or the arrangement of the sub-pixels 108 of the pixel 112 from the geometric shape of the pixel 110 from. In this case, in both pixels, the brightness of the sub-pixels 108 is equal to the brightness of the pixel, which is shown in the enlarged section 104.
- the sub-pixels 108 of a pixel 106 have the same brightness level as the desired pixel 106
- an assignment of the brightness level of a pixel to the geometric shape or arrangement of the sub-pixels 108 of a pixel 106 would be realized.
- the FIG. 2 a) is a schematic representation of a personalization device 200 for personalizing a document 102 with a graphic 100 (not shown here).
- the personalization device 200 basically consists of a beam source 202 and an optical arrangement 204.
- the beam source 202 can be, for example, a pulsed solid-state laser system, such as an Nd: YAG laser or a Ti: Sa laser or a (fiber-reinforced diode laser (
- the optical arrangement 204 is constructed in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 a) from a collimating optics 206 and a fiber bundle 208 and an imaging optics 210.
- the following will be now explains how a generated by the beam source 202 laser pulse for generating a pixel 106 is imaged on the document 102.
- a single laser pulse is first generated by the beam source 202.
- a laser pulse may be a light pulse of pulse energy between 0.01 mJ and 1 mJ and a pulse width of about 3 ns to 250 ns. In this case, such a pulse peak powers of about 10 kW to 50 kW.
- the wavelength of the light emitted in this case must be adapted to the requirements of the photosensitive layer of the document 102. In the case of laser engraving processes, wavelengths in the near infrared are usually approximately at 1064 nm.
- the light pulse thus generated by the beam source 202 is first expanded and imaged by the collimating optics 206 onto the input facets of the fibers 212 of the fiber bundle 208.
- the collimating optics 206 is dimensioned so that all fibers of the fiber bundle 208 are uniformly acted upon by the laser pulse with electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, in front of the fiber bundle 208, a coupling-in optical system, such as a lens array (not shown here), can be arranged, which injects the incident laser radiation into the individual fibers of the fiber bundle 208 with high efficiency.
- a coupling-in optical system such as a lens array (not shown here) can be arranged, which injects the incident laser radiation into the individual fibers of the fiber bundle 208 with high efficiency.
- FIG. 2 b) is now exemplified a frontal view of a fiber bundle 208 consisting of three individual fibers 212 shown.
- the individual fibers 212 of the fiber bundle 208 are now rearranged.
- the individual fibers 212 which are initially arranged in a triangle, are arranged in a row on the right-hand side of the fiber bundle 208 on the outcoupling side.
- the laser light coupled out of this row of fiber facets is subsequently imaged by the imaging optics 210 onto the surface or the photosensitive layer of the document 102.
- the imaging optics are preferably designed so that the relative position of the individual laser pulses coupled out of the fibers 212 does not change due to the imaging of the fiber ends on the surface of the document 102.
- a pixel is generated, which is made up of three superimposed sub-pixels 108.
- FIG. 2c a further variant is shown, in which the fiber bundle 208 is constructed from a total of seven individual fibers 212, which are arranged in a circle. By rearranging the fiber ends, a triangular structure is created here, which is subsequently imaged onto the document 102 by the imaging optics 210. Thus, if using a fiber bundle, as it was in FIG. 2c) is generated, a pixel 106, which is constructed from a triangular arrangement of sub-pixels 108.
- FIG. 2 d schematically a fiber bundle 208 consisting of 19 individual fibers 212 shown. In doing so, according to FIG.
- the individual fibers 212 of the fiber bundle 208 are arranged such that on the right side of the fiber bundle 208, the fiber facets take the form of an smiley.
- Such a geometric pattern can also be imaged by the imaging optics 210 on the document 102, whereby a pixel 106 is generated, which in its substructure represents a smiley composed of sub-pixels 108.
- FIG. 3 a) is a further schematic representation of a personalization device 200, which basically analogous to the personalization device 200 of FIG. 2 a) is constructed.
- the personalization device 200 shown differs in that between the collimating optics 206 and the fiber bundle 208, a mask 214 is arranged.
- the mask may, for example, be a blackened metal plate which has recesses at defined positions. In this case, the position of the recess can be selected so that upon application of the fiber bundle 208 with a laser pulse only certain fibers 212 of the fiber bundle 208 are exposed to laser light. This is exemplary in FIG. 3b) shown. As in FIG.
- FIG. 3 a personalization device 200 shown a magazine or a changing system having a plurality of masks 214. This is preferably designed so that the masks 214 can be inserted by the changing system into the beam path of the laser pulse generated by the beam source 202 or removed therefrom. Thus, it becomes possible to switch between different generated pixels or different substructures in rapid succession. This would make it possible to select a different geometric shape for each pixel 106 when creating a graphic 100 on the document 102.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Personalisierungsvorrichtung zur Personalisierung eines Dokuments mit einer Grafik sowie ein Verfahren zur Personalisierung eines Dokuments durch Aufbringen einer Grafik mit einer solchen Personalisierungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a personalization device for personalizing a document with a graphic and to a method for personalizing a document by applying a graphic to such a personalization device.
Im Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Verfahren zur Personalisierung von Dokumenten bekannt. Beispielsweise kann hierzu eine Grafik wie ein Porträt des Dokumenteninhabers auf das Dokument aufgebracht werden. Zum Aufbringen einer Grafik auf ein Dokument hat sich die Technik der Lasergravur bewährt. Dabei werden in dem Dokumentenrohling Farbpigmente oder Pigmente verschiedener Graustufen durch Beschuss eines fotosensitiven Materials mit Laserlicht erzeugt. In dem fotosensitiven Material findet eine Materialumwandlung statt, wodurch am Auftreffpunkt des Lasers einzelne Bildpunkte erzeugt werden können. Zum Aufbringen einer Grafik durch Lasergravur kann eine Grafik zunächst gerastert werden, wobei anschließend die einzelnen Pixel der Grafik durch einzelne Laserpulse oder eine Sequenz von Laserpulsen auf das Dokument übertragen werden. Hierzu kann auf dem Dokument beispielsweise eine Polycarbonatschicht oder ein Polyvinylchlorid aufgebracht sein, dem ein Additiv, welches im Wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoffketten besteht, beigemischt ist. Wird diese Schicht nun mit einem Laserpuls beschossen, können einzelne Molekülketten aufbrechen und Kohlenstoff freigesetzt werden. Dies manifestiert sich in einer Schwärzung der Schicht im Bereich der durch den Laserpuls getroffenen Region. Dabei ist im Allgemeinen die erzeugte Graustufe abhängig von der Pulsenergie.Various methods for personalizing documents are known in the art. For example, a graphic such as a portrait of the document holder can be applied to the document for this purpose. To apply a graphic to a document, the technique of laser engraving has proven itself. It will be in the document blank color pigments or pigments of different shades of gray produced by bombardment of a photosensitive material with laser light. In the photosensitive material, a material conversion takes place, whereby individual pixels can be generated at the point of impact of the laser. To apply a graphic by laser engraving, a graphic can first be rasterized, with the individual pixels of the graphic subsequently being transmitted to the document by individual laser pulses or a sequence of laser pulses. For this purpose, for example, a polycarbonate layer or a polyvinyl chloride may be applied to the document, which is admixed with an additive which consists essentially of carbon chains. If this layer is now bombarded with a laser pulse, individual molecular chains can break up and carbon can be released. This manifests itself in a blackening of the layer in the region of the region hit by the laser pulse. In general, the generated gray level depends on the pulse energy.
In der
Weitere Verfahren zur Markierung von Dokumenten oder Gegenständen mittels Laser sind in der
Bei der Personalisierung von Dokumenten mittels Lasergravur kann mittlerweile aufgrund der kommerziellen Verfügbarkeit von Lasergravur-Desktopsystemen eine nachträgliche Manipulation bzw. Veränderung von mittels Lasergravur aufgetragenen Identifikationsmerkmalen nicht mehr ausgeschlossen werden. Im Falle der Lasergravur kann dabei eine Manipulation einer auf das Dokument aufgebrachten Grafik durch nachträgliches Setzen zusätzlicher Bildpunkte oder zusätzliche Schwärzung bereits bestehender Bildpunkte realisiert werden. Dies erlaubt es beispielsweise zusätzliche Merkmale in eine Grafik einzubringen.In the personalization of documents by means of laser engraving can now no longer be ruled out due to the commercial availability of laser engraving desktop systems subsequent manipulation or change of laser engraved identification features. In the case of laser engraving can thereby manipulate a graphic applied to the document by subsequently setting additional pixels or additional Blackening already existing pixels can be realized. This allows, for example, to introduce additional features into a graphic.
Daher besteht ein Bedarf an Verfahren und entsprechenden Vorrichtungen zur Personalisierung eines Dokuments mit einer Grafik, welche eine Detektion einer nachträglich vorgenommenen Manipulation der aufgebrachten Grafik ermöglicht.Therefore, there is a need for methods and related apparatus for personalizing a document with a graphic that allows for detection of post manipulation of the applied graphic.
Diese Aufgabe wird jeweils mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved in each case with the features of the independent patent claims. Embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.
Sofern nicht ausdrücklich Gegenteiliges zum Ausdruck gebracht wird, können Ausführungsformen der Erfindung frei miteinander kombiniert werden.Unless expressly stated otherwise, embodiments of the invention may be freely combined with one another.
Bei einem "Dokument" kann es sich um ein Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument handeln. Unter einem "Dokument" werden erfindungsgemäß papierbasierte und/oder kunststoffbasierte Dokumente verstanden, wie zum Beispiel Ausweisdokumente, insbesondere Reisepässe, Personalausweise, Visa sowie Führerscheine, Fahrzeugscheine, Fahrzeugbriefe, Firmenausweise, Gesundheitskarten oder andere ID-Dokumente sowie auch Chipkarten, Zahlungsmittel, insbesondere Banknoten, Bankkarten und Kreditkarten, Frachtbriefe oder sonstige Berechtigungsnachweise.A "document" can be a value or security document. According to the invention, a "document" is understood as meaning paper-based and / or plastic-based documents, such as identity documents, identity cards, visas and driving licenses, vehicle registration documents, vehicle documents, company identity cards, health cards or other ID documents as well as chip cards, payment means, in particular banknotes, Bank cards and credit cards, bills of lading or other credentials.
Unter einem "Dokument" wird hier insbesondere auch ein tragbares elektronisches Gerät verstanden, welches zumindest einen Datenspeicher zur Speicherung eines Attributs und eine Kommunikationsschnittstelle zum Auslesen des Attributs aufweist. Vorzugsweise hat das Dokument einen gesicherten Speicherbereich zur Speicherung des zumindest einen Attributs, um zu verhindern, dass das in dem Speicherbereich gespeicherte Attribut in unerlaubter Weise verändert oder ohne die dafür erforderliche Berechtigung ausgelesen wird.A "document" is understood to mean, in particular, a portable electronic device which has at least one data memory for storing an attribute and a communication interface for reading out the attribute. Preferably, the document has a secure memory area for storing the at least one attribute, in order to prevent the attribute stored in the memory area from being altered in an unauthorized manner or read out without the authorization required therefor.
In einem ersten Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung eine Personalisierungsvorrichtung mit einer optischen Anordnung und einer Strahlquelle zur Erzeugung von Laserpulsen.In a first aspect, the invention relates to a personalization device having an optical arrangement and a beam source for generating laser pulses.
Die Personalisierungsvorrichtung ist dazu ausgebildet, mittels der Laserpulse ein Dokument mit einer Grafik zu personalisieren. Erfindungsgemäß beinhaltet die Grafik eine Vielzahl von Pixeln. Die Personalisierungsvorrichtung ist daher dazu ausgebildet, die Pixel der Grafik als Bildpunkte durch Beaufschlagen einer fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments mit den Laserpulsen auf das Dokument abzubilden um ein Abbild der Grafik auf dem Dokument zu erzeugen. Die Laserpulse werden dabei von der Personalisierungsvorrichtung derart erzeugt, dass eine erste Teilmenge an Bildpunkten aus der Vielzahl von Bildpunkten nach Abbildung auf das Dokument eine erste geometrische Form aufweist, während mindestens eine zweite Teilmenge an Bildpunkten aus der Vielzahl von Bildpunkten nach Abbildung auf das Dokument eine geometrische Form aufweist, welche sich von der ersten geometrischen Form unterscheidet. Hierzu ist die Vorrichtung dazu ausgebildet, durch die Strahlquelle erzeugte Laserpulse durch die optische Anordnung der Personalisierungsvorrichtung auf die Position eines Bildpunktes zu lenken. Die optische Anordnung ist dabei dazu ausgebildet, das transversale Intensitätsprofil des Laserpulses der jeweiligen geometrischen Form des Bildpunktes anzupassen.The personalization device is designed to personalize a document with a graphic by means of the laser pulses. According to the invention, the graphic includes a plurality of pixels. The personalization device is therefore designed to image the pixels of the graphic as pixels by applying a photosensitive layer of the document with the laser pulses to the document to produce an image of the graphic on the document. The laser pulses are generated by the personalization device such that a first subset of pixels from the plurality of pixels after imaging on the document has a first geometric shape, while at least a second subset of pixels from the plurality of pixels after imaging on the document geometric shape, which differs from the first geometric shape. For this purpose, the device is designed to direct laser pulses generated by the beam source through the optical arrangement of the personalization device to the position of a pixel. The optical arrangement is designed to adapt the transverse intensity profile of the laser pulse of the respective geometric shape of the pixel.
Bei der Strahlquelle der Personalisierungsvorrichtung handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine gepulste Laserquelle. Beispielsweise können hierzu gepulste Gaslaser, Farbstofflaser oder Festkörperlaser verwendet werden. Es muss hierbei jedoch gewährleistet sein, dass die Energie eines durch die Strahlquelle erzeugten Laserpulses ausreichend groß ist, um einen Bildpunkt in der fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments zu erzeugen. Ferner muss die Laserquelle in der Lage sein, Laserlicht einer Wellenlänge zu liefern, die zur Erzeugung von Bildpunkten in der fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments geeignet ist.The beam source of the personalization device is preferably a pulsed laser source. For example, pulsed gas lasers, dye lasers or solid-state lasers can be used for this purpose. However, it must be ensured in this case that the energy of a laser pulse generated by the beam source is sufficiently large to produce a pixel in the photosensitive layer of the document. Further, the laser source must be capable of delivering laser light of a wavelength suitable for producing pixels in the photosensitive layer of the document.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass durch die Anpassung des transversalen Intensitätsprofils des Laserpulses an eine gewünschte geometrische Form des zu erzeugenden Bildpunktes an verschiedenen Stellen der abgebildeten Grafik Bildpunkte erzeugt werden können, welche in ihrer geometrischen Form von den üblicherweise runden Bildpunkten eines durch Lasergravur erzeugten Bildes abweichen. Dabei kann eine solche geometrische Form aufgrund des manipulierten Intensitätsprofils des Laserpulses durch einen einzigen Laserpuls oder eine Sequenz identischer Laserpulse auf dem Dokument erzeugt werden.Embodiments could have the advantage that the adjustment of the transverse intensity profile of the laser pulse to a desired geometric shape of the pixel to be generated at different points of the imaged graphic pixels can be generated, which in their geometric shape of the usually round pixels of a laser engraved image differ. In this case, such a geometric shape due to the manipulated Intensity profiles of the laser pulse by a single laser pulse or a sequence of identical laser pulses are generated on the document.
Eine solche gezielte Variation der geometrischen Form der auf dem Dokument erzeugten Bildpunkte könnte zur Fälschungssicherung des Dokuments herangezogen werden.Such a targeted variation of the geometric shape of the pixels produced on the document could be used to secure the forgery of the document.
Wie eingangs erwähnt wurde, kann eine durch Lasergravur erzeugte Grafik im Wesentlichen durch Hinzufügen von Bildpunkten oder durch zusätzliche Schwärzung bestehender Bildpunkte manipuliert werden. Üblicherweise haben nachträglich zu einer Grafik hinzugefügte Bildpunkte eine runde Form, da ein rundes Intensitätsprofil in einem Laser leichter erzeugt werden kann, als eine andere definierte geometrische Form, wie beispielsweise ein Rechteckt oder eine Linie. Sind beispielsweise in einer Grafik auf dem Dokument verschiedene Positionen für Bildpunkte veränderter geometrischer Form festgelegt, kann bei einer Passkontrolle überprüft werden, ob die geometrische Form der Bildpunkte an den entsprechenden Punkten der Grafik auf dem Dokument auch tatsächlich der vorgesehenen geometrischen Form entspricht. Sollte die Grafik nachträglich durch Aufbringung zusätzlicher Bildpunkte manipuliert worden sein, würde dies bei einer Sichtkontrolle erkannt werden, da die geometrische Form der nachträglich hinzugefügten Bildpunkte von der definierten geometrischen Form der ursprünglich bei der Personalisierung aufgebrachten Bildpunkte abweicht. Somit könnte leicht festgestellt werden, ob die Grafik auf dem Dokument nachträglich verändert wurde.As mentioned earlier, a laser engraved graphic can be manipulated essentially by adding pixels or by additionally blackening existing pixels. Typically, pixels subsequently added to a graphic have a round shape because a round intensity profile can be more easily generated in a laser than another defined geometric shape, such as a rectangle or a line. If, for example, different positions for pixels of a changed geometric shape are defined in a graphic on the document, it can be checked during a passport control whether the geometric shape of the pixels at the corresponding points of the graphic on the document actually corresponds to the intended geometric shape. If the graphics were subsequently manipulated by applying additional pixels, this would be detected during a visual inspection, since the geometric shape of the subsequently added pixels differs from the defined geometric shape of the pixels originally applied during personalization. Thus, it could be easily determined if the graphic on the document was subsequently changed.
Nach Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beinhaltet die optische Anordnung ein Bündel aus lichtleitenden Fasern und eine Einkoppeloptik zur Einkopplung eines Laserpulses in die lichtleitenden Fasern. Ein Bildpunkt ist dann aus einer Vielzahl von Sub-Pixeln aufgebaut, wobei die geometrische Form des Bildpunktes durch die Anordnung der Sub-Pixel bestimmt ist, wobei die lichtleitenden fasern dazu ausgebildet sind, die Sub-Pixel des Bildpunktes durch Abbilden des Laserpulses auf dem Dokument zu erzeugen. Dabei wird vorzugsweise ein Sub-Pixel durch den aus einer einzigen Faser ausgekoppelten Laserpuls auf dem Dokument erzeugt. Bei den lichtleitenden Fasern kann es sich beispielsweise um Hohlkernfasern oder Vollglasfasern aus Quarzglas handeln. Zur Einkopplung eines Laserpulses in ein solches Bündel aus lichtleitenden Fasern kann beispielsweise ein Array aus Linsen verwendet werden, welches eine einfallende Strahlung auf die Faserfacetten der einzelnen Fasern des Faserbündels fokussiert.According to embodiments of the invention, the optical arrangement includes a bundle of photoconductive fibers and a coupling optics for coupling a laser pulse into the photoconductive fibers. A pixel is then composed of a plurality of sub-pixels, the geometric shape of the pixel being determined by the arrangement of the sub-pixels, the light-conducting fibers being adapted to image the sub-pixels of the pixel by imaging the laser pulse on the document to create. In this case, a subpixel is preferably generated by the laser pulse coupled out of a single fiber on the document. In the light-conducting Fibers may, for example, be hollow core fibers or full glass fibers made of quartz glass. For coupling a laser pulse in such a bundle of photoconductive fibers, for example, an array of lenses can be used, which focuses an incident radiation on the fiber facets of the individual fibers of the fiber bundle.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass die Enden der lichtleitenden Fasern des Faserbündels, an welchen das einfallende Laserlicht aus den Fasern austritt, auf einfache Art und Weise auf verschiedene Punkte des Dokuments bzw. Bildpunkte der Grafik ausgerichtet werden könnten. Somit kann auf einfache Art und Weise eine gerasterte Grafik auf ein Dokument übertragen werden, indem die Faserenden des Faserbündels sukzessive auf die einzelnen Bildpunkte der aufzubringenden Grafik ausgerichtet werden. Dabei kann eine auf das Faserbündel abgestimmte Einkoppeloptik die Effizienz mit der das einfallende Laserlicht in die Fasern eingekoppelt wird stark erhöhen.Embodiments could have the advantage that the ends of the light-conducting fibers of the fiber bundle, at which the incident laser light emerges from the fibers, could easily be aligned with different points of the document or picture elements of the graphic. Thus, a rasterized graphic can be transferred to a document in a simple manner by aligning the fiber ends of the fiber bundle successively with the individual pixels of the graphic to be applied. In this case, a coupling optics matched to the fiber bundle can greatly increase the efficiency with which the incident laser light is coupled into the fibers.
Nach Ausführungsformen handelt es sich bei dem Bündel aus lichtleitenden Fasern um ein bilderhaltendes Lichtleiterbündel. Unter einem bilderhaltenden Lichtleiterbündel wird hierbei ein Lichtleiterbündel verstanden, welches in der Lage ist, das transversale Intensitätsprofil eines einfallenden Laserpulses nach Propagation des Laserpulses entlang des Lichtleiterbündels originalgetreu auf die Oberfläche des Dokuments abzubilden.According to embodiments, the bundle of photoconductive fibers is an image-receiving optical fiber bundle. In this case, an image-retaining optical fiber bundle is understood as an optical fiber bundle which is capable of faithfully reproducing the transverse intensity profile of an incident laser pulse onto the surface of the document following propagation of the laser pulse along the optical fiber bundle.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass die geometrische Form des zu erzeugenden Bildpunktes bereits vor der Einkopplung in die lichtleitenden Fasern festgelegt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann die Strahlquelle durch geeignete Optiken dazu gebracht werden, Laserpulse in einer bestimmten transversalen elektromagnetischen Mode zu emittieren. Dabei ist es möglich, ein transversales Intensitätsprofil zu erzeugen, welches deutlich von der üblichen runden Form eines Laserpulses in einer Mischung verschiedener transversaler elektromagnetischer Moden abweicht. Dieses Intensitätsprofil könnte dann durch die Fasern des bilderhaltenden Lichtleiterbündels auf den Bildpunkt des Dokuments abgebildet werden um einen Bildpunkt mit einer definierten geometrischen Form zu erzeugen, welche von der üblicherweise runden Form eines Bildpunktes abweicht.Embodiments could have the advantage that the geometric shape of the pixel to be generated can already be determined before the coupling into the light-conducting fibers. For example, the beam source can be made by suitable optics to emit laser pulses in a particular transverse electromagnetic mode. It is possible to produce a transverse intensity profile which deviates significantly from the usual round shape of a laser pulse in a mixture of different transverse electromagnetic modes. This intensity profile could then be imaged onto the pixel of the document by the fibers of the image-retaining optical fiber bundle To produce pixel with a defined geometric shape, which differs from the usually round shape of a pixel.
Nach Ausführungsformen beinhaltet die Vorrichtung mindestens eine Maske mit mindestens einer Öffnung. Die Maske ist dabei zwischen der Strahlquelle und der optischen Anordnung angeordnet. Die Form der mindestens einen Öffnung der Maske entspricht dabei der geometrischen Form des auf dem Dokument zu erzeugenden Bildpunktes. Bei der Maske könnte es sich beispielsweise um eine geschwärzte Metallplatte handeln, welche mit einer Vielzahl von Aussparungen versehen ist. Dabei könnte die Maske dicht vor dem Faserfacetten des Faserbündels platziert werden, sodass sich die Öffnungen der Maske mit einzelnen Fasern aus dem Bündel aus lichtleitenden Fasern decken. Fällt dann ein durch die Strahlquelle erzeugter Laserpuls auf die Maske, wird Laserlicht nur in die Fasern des Faserbündels eingekoppelt, deren Facette mit einer Öffnung in der Maske in Deckung ist. Somit kann durch die Maske eine Einkopplung von Laserpulsen in bestimmte Fasern des Faserbündels verhindert werden.According to embodiments, the device includes at least one mask with at least one opening. The mask is arranged between the beam source and the optical arrangement. The shape of the at least one opening of the mask corresponds to the geometric shape of the image point to be generated on the document. For example, the mask could be a blackened metal plate provided with a plurality of recesses. In this case, the mask could be placed close to the fiber facets of the fiber bundle so that the openings of the mask coincide with individual fibers of the bundle of photoconductive fibers. If a laser pulse generated by the beam source then falls on the mask, laser light is coupled only into the fibers of the fiber bundle, the facet of which is in registration with an opening in the mask. Thus, by the mask, a coupling of laser pulses into certain fibers of the fiber bundle can be prevented.
Bei der Maske kann es sich neben einer mechanischen Maske in Form einer Blende mit Öffnungen auch um eine elektromechanische Maske handeln. Beispielsweise kann zwischen der Strahlquelle und der optischen Anordnung eine Projektionsvorrichtung angeordnet sein, welche mit Hilfe elektromechanischer Komponenten einen runden Laserpuls auf die Faserfacetten einzelner Fasern der optischen Anordnung abbildet. Hierbei kann beispielsweise eine Anordnung aus einer Vielzahl beweglicher Mikrospiegel verwendet werden. Durch geeignete Ausrichtung der jeweiligen Mikrospiegel kann eine selektive Ausleuchtung einzelner Fasern der optischen Anordnung erzielt werden. Üblicherweise sind hierbei die einzelnen Mikrospiegel durch eine elektromechanische Aufhängung in ihrer Ausrichtung steuerbar.In addition to a mechanical mask in the form of a diaphragm with openings, the mask can also be an electromechanical mask. For example, a projection device can be arranged between the beam source and the optical arrangement, which uses electromechanical components to image a round laser pulse onto the fiber facets of individual fibers of the optical arrangement. In this case, for example, an arrangement of a plurality of movable micromirrors can be used. By suitable alignment of the respective micromirrors, a selective illumination of individual fibers of the optical arrangement can be achieved. Usually, the individual micromirrors are controllable in their orientation by an electromechanical suspension.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung könnten den Vorteil haben, dass durch Verwendung einer Maske, welche bestimmte Fasern des Faserbündels von einer Beleuchtung durch den Laserpuls ausschließt oder nur bestimmte Fasern des Faserbündels ausleuchtet, auf einfache Art und Weise ein Muster erzeugt werden kann, welches durch Abbildung der Faserenden auf die fotosensitive Schicht des Dokuments in den Bildpunkt der Grafik eingebrannt werden kann. Dabei kann für verschiedene gewünschte geometrische Formen eines zu erzeugenden Bildpunktes die verwendete Maske entsprechend angepasst werden. Das Faserbündel und dessen Ein- und Auskoppeloptiken können jedoch für alle Masken gleich bleiben.Embodiments of the invention may have the advantage that by using a mask which excludes certain fibers of the fiber bundle from illumination by the laser pulse or which only illuminates certain fibers of the fiber bundle, a pattern can be easily produced can be burned by imaging the fiber ends on the photosensitive layer of the document in the pixel of the graph. In this case, the mask used can be adapted accordingly for various desired geometric shapes of a pixel to be generated. However, the fiber bundle and its input and output optics can remain the same for all masks.
Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die mindestens eine Maske in einem Magazin angeordnet, wobei das Magazin dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Maske zwischen der Strahlquelle und dem Faserbündel zu positionieren oder zu entfernen.According to a further embodiment, the at least one mask is arranged in a magazine, wherein the magazine is adapted to position or remove a mask between the beam source and the fiber bundle.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass durch Verwendung von Masken, welche in einem Magazin angeordnet sind, ein schnelles Umschalten zwischen verschiedenen geometrischen Formen der erzeugten Bildpunkte möglich wird. So kann für jeden einzelnen Bildpunkt beispielsweise eine neue Maske vor der Facette des Faserbündels platziert werden, sodass der mit dem nächsten Laserpuls erzeugte Bildpunkt der Grafik die durch die Maske definierte geometrische Form erhält.Embodiments could have the advantage that by using masks, which are arranged in a magazine, a fast switching between different geometric shapes of the generated pixels is possible. For example, a new mask can be placed in front of the facet of the fiber bundle for each individual pixel so that the pixel of the graphic generated with the next laser pulse receives the geometric shape defined by the mask.
Nach Ausführungsformen sind die Enden der lichtleitenden Fasern des Faserbündels in einer Ebene in Form der geometrischen Form des Bildpunktes angeordnet. Beispielsweise könnte ein zunächst rundes Faserbündel so angeordnet werden, dass die Enden der lichtleitenden Fasern in einer Ebene eine Kreuzform oder Kreisform oder eine Rechteckform bilden.According to embodiments, the ends of the optical fibers of the fiber bundle are arranged in a plane in the form of the geometric shape of the pixel. For example, an initially round fiber bundle could be arranged so that the ends of the photoconductive fibers form a cross shape or circular shape or a rectangular shape in a plane.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass durch entsprechendes Anordnen der lichtleitenden Fasern alle Fasern bei der Erzeugung des Bildpunktes beitragen können. Somit zeichnet sich die Ausführungsform durch eine geringe Verlustleistung aus, da nahezu die gesamte Laserenergie, welche in die Fasern eingekoppelt wird, auch zur Erzeugung des Bildpunktes genutzt wird.Embodiments could have the advantage that by appropriately arranging the photoconductive fibers, all the fibers can contribute to the formation of the pixel. Thus, the embodiment is characterized by a low power loss, since almost all the laser energy, which is coupled into the fibers, is also used to generate the pixel.
Nach Ausführungsformen umfasst die optische Anordnung ferner eine Abbildungsoptik zur Abbildung der Faserenden auf das Dokument. Dabei sind die Einkoppeloptik, das Faserbündel und die Abbildungsoptik monolithisch ausgeführt. Unter einer monolithischen Ausführung wird dabei eine Ausführung verstanden, in welcher die relative Position der Einkoppeloptik zu den Faserfacetten des Faserbündels und die relative Position der Abbildungsoptik zu den Faserenden des Faserbündels festgelegt sind und nicht verändert werden können.According to embodiments, the optical arrangement further comprises imaging optics for imaging the fiber ends on the document. The coupling optics, the fiber bundle and the imaging optics are monolithic. Under In this case, a monolithic design is understood to mean an embodiment in which the relative position of the coupling optics to the fiber facets of the fiber bundle and the relative position of the imaging optics to the fiber ends of the fiber bundle are fixed and can not be changed.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass die optische Anordnung nur ein einziges Mal justiert werden muss und anschließend für alle weiteren Verwendungen der optischen Anordnung die Justage der Einkoppeloptik und der Abbildungsoptik beibehalten werden kann. Beispielsweise kann hierzu die Einkoppeloptik so justiert sein, dass ein kollimierter Laserpuls mit größtmöglicher Einkoppeleffzienz in die Fasern des Faserbündels eingekoppelt wird. Die Abbildungsoptik kann dann so vor den Faserenden des Faserbündels platziert sein, dass sie für einen definierten Abstand zwischen Abbildungsoptik und Dokumentenoberfläche die aus den Fasern ausgekoppelten Laserpulse mit einer definierten Größe auf die Oberfläche des Dokuments abbildet. Insgesamt kann so die Handhabung der Personalisierungsvorrichtung vereinfacht werden.Embodiments could have the advantage that the optical arrangement only has to be adjusted once and then the adjustment of the coupling optics and the imaging optics can be maintained for all further uses of the optical arrangement. For example, for this purpose, the coupling optics can be adjusted so that a collimated laser pulse with the greatest possible Einkoppeleffzienz is coupled into the fibers of the fiber bundle. The imaging optics can then be placed in front of the fiber ends of the fiber bundle such that they image the laser pulses coupled out of the fibers with a defined size onto the surface of the document for a defined distance between the imaging optics and the document surface. Overall, the handling of the personalization device can be simplified.
Nach Ausführungsformen der Erfindung wird ein Pixel der Grafik durch Beaufschlagen der fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments mit einem einzigen Laserpuls auf das Dokument als Bildpunkt abgebildet. Dabei muss die Energiemenge, welche durch den Laserpuls in das Dokument eingebracht wird, so angepasst sein, dass der erzeugte Bildpunkt die gewünschte Graustufe bzw. Helligkeitsstufe aufweist.In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a pixel of the graphic is imaged onto the document as a pixel by exposing the photosensitive layer of the document to a single laser pulse. In this case, the amount of energy that is introduced by the laser pulse into the document must be adjusted so that the pixel produced has the desired gray level or brightness level.
Ausführungsformen könnten den Vorteil haben, dass durch Erzeugen eines Bildpunktes durch einen einzigen Laserpuls eine schnelle Erzeugung der Grafik gewährleistet sein kann, vorausgesetzt, dass die Strahlquelle in ihrer Ausgangsleistung schnell umgeschaltet werden kann. Ferner könnte gewährleistet sein, dass die geometrische Form des erzeugten Bildpunktes gegenüber einem Bildpunkt, der durch eine Sequenz von Laserpulsen erzeugt wurde, nicht durch eventuelle Vibrationen innerhalb der Personalisierungsvorrichtung unscharf wird.Embodiments could have the advantage that by generating a pixel by a single laser pulse, rapid generation of the graphics can be ensured, provided that the beam source can be switched quickly in its output power. Furthermore, it could be ensured that the geometric shape of the generated pixel with respect to a pixel, which was generated by a sequence of laser pulses, is not blurred by any vibrations within the personalization device.
Nach einer hierzu alternativen Ausführungsform wird ein Pixel der Grafik durch Beaufschlagen der fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments mit einer Vielzahl von Laserpulsen auf das Dokument als Bildpunkt abgebildet, wobei jeder der Laserpulse dieselbe Energiemenge in die fotosensitive Schicht des Dokuments einbringt. Ausführungsformen könnten dabei den Vorteil haben, dass man den Laser bzw. die Strahlquelle zwischen der Erzeugung von Bildpunkten unterschiedlicher Helligkeit in seiner Ausgangsleistung nicht umschalten muss. Vielmehr kann für jeden Bildpunkt unabhängig von dessen Graustufe immer dieselbe Pulsenergie verwendet werden. Die Graustufe würde lediglich durch die Zahl der auf den Bildpunkt abgegebenen Laserpulse definiert.In an alternative embodiment, a pixel of the graphic is imaged by impinging the photosensitive layer of the document with a plurality of laser pulses on the document as a pixel, each of the laser pulses introducing the same amount of energy into the photosensitive layer of the document. Embodiments could have the advantage that one does not have to switch the laser or the beam source between the generation of pixels of different brightness in its output power. Rather, the same pulse energy can always be used for each pixel regardless of its gray level. The gray level would be defined only by the number of laser pulses delivered to the pixel.
In einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Personalisierung eines Dokuments durch Aufbringen einer Grafik mit einer Personalisierungsvorrichtung wie zuvor beschrieben mit den Schritten
- Laden der Grafik in die Personalisierungsvorrichtung, wobei die Grafik eine Vielzahl von Pixeln behandelt
- bildpunktweises Abbilden der Pixel der Grafik als Bildpunkte auf das Dokument durch Beaufschlagung einer fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments mit Laserpulsen, sodass ein Abbild der Grafik auf dem Dokument erzeugt wird,
- Loading the graphic into the personalization device, wherein the graphic handles a plurality of pixels
- imagewise mapping the pixels of the graphic as pixels onto the document by exposing a photosensitive layer of the document to laser pulses so that an image of the graphic is generated on the document,
Nach Ausführungsformen weisen die Bildpunkte der Grafik auf dem Dokument eine Farbe aus einer Vielzahl von Farbwerten auf. Dabei ist den Farbwerten jeweils eine geometrische Form des Bildpunktes zugeordnet.According to embodiments, the pixels of the graphic on the document comprise a color of a plurality of color values. In this case, the color values are each assigned a geometric shape of the pixel.
Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform weisen die Bildpunkte der Grafik auf dem Dokument einen Grauwert aus einer Vielzahl von Grauwerten auf, wobei den Grauwerten jeweils eine geometrische Form des Bildpunktes zugeordnet ist.According to a further embodiment, the pixels of the graphic on the document on a gray value of a plurality of gray values, wherein the gray values each associated with a geometric shape of the pixel.
Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Grafik, in welcher einzelne Bildpunkte durch Bildpunkte mit einer definierten geometrischen Form realisiert sind,
- Figur 2
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Personalisierungsvorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer solchen Grafik auf einem Dokument, und
- Figur 3
- eine schematische Darstellung einer alternativen Personalisierungsvorrichtung mit einer Abbildungsmaske.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic representation of a graph in which individual pixels are realized by pixels with a defined geometric shape,
- FIG. 2
- a schematic representation of a personalization device for generating such a graphic on a document, and
- FIG. 3
- a schematic representation of an alternative personalization device with an imaging mask.
Im Folgenden werden einander ähnliche Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Hereinafter, similar elements will be denoted by like reference numerals.
Die
Um dies zu illustrieren, ist in der
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass die Bildpunkten 106 oder zumindest eine Teilmenge der einzelnen Bildpunkte 106 der auf das Dokument aufgebrachten Grafik 100 eine von einer runden Form abweichende Substruktur bzw. geometrische Form aus Sub-Pixeln 108 aufweisen. Um dies zu illustrieren, sind in
Dabei ist in der Vergrößerung des Bildpunktes 110 schematisch dargestellt, dass der Bildpunkt 110 aus 13 Sub-Pixeln 108 aufgebaut ist. Dabei sind die Sub-Pixel 108 innerhalb des Bildpunktes 110 in einem definierten geometrischen Muster bzw. einer geometrischen Form angeordnet. Ferner entspricht die Helligkeit bzw. der Grauwert der Sub-Pixel 108 des Bildpunktes 110 dem Helligkeits- bzw. Grauwert des in dem Ausschnitt 104 dargestellten Bildpunktes 110.In this case, it is shown schematically in the enlargement of the
Es handelt sich somit bei einem Pixel im Sinne der Erfindung um einen Teil der Ausgangsgrafik 100, welche in die Personalisierungsvorrichtung (200) geladen wird. Die Pixel der Ausgangsgrafik 100 werden dann auf das Dokument 102 abgebildet, wobei zu jedem Pixel ein Bildpunkt 106 auf dem Dokument 102 erzeugt wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist ein solcher Bildpunkt 106 wiederum aus Sub-Pixeln 108 aufgebaut, wobei sich aus den Sub-Pixeln 108 die geometrische Form des Bildpunktes 106 auf dem Dokument 102 ergibt.Thus, a pixel in the sense of the invention is a part of the output graphic 100, which is loaded into the personalization device (200). The pixels of the source graphic 100 are then mapped onto the
Würde nun nachträglich in einer Grafik 100, in welcher die Bildpunkte aus einer geometrischen Anordnung von Subpixeln aufgebaut sind ein Bildpunkt 106 nachgeschwärzt, oder ein zusätzlicher Bildpunkt eingefügt, würde dies üblicherweise durch Beaufschlagen des Dokuments bzw. der fotosensitiven Schicht mit einem Laserpuls erfolgen, welcher ein rundes Intensitätsprofil hat. Bei einer Überprüfung der Substruktur der Bildpunkte der Grafik 100 würde dann eine solche Manipulation leicht erkennbar, da die eigentlich erwartete Substruktur des Bildpunktes 106 nicht mehr mit der ursprünglichen Substruktur übereinstimmt. Somit kann auf einfache Art und Weise eine nachträgliche Manipulation der Grafik 100 auf dem Dokument 102 nachgewiesen werden.If a
Üblicherweise hat ein Bildpunkt 106 innerhalb einer durch Lasergravur erzeugten Grafik 100 eine Größe von beispielsweise 0,1 mm. Um in dem exemplarischen vergrößerten Bildpunkt 110 eine Substruktur von Sub-Pixeln 108 zu erhalten, dürfen die Sub-Pixel 108 in der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform beispielsweise eine Größe von nicht mehr als 20 µm aufweisen. Da in einem grafisches Element, welches eine Substruktur aus Sub-Pixeln 108 in der Größenordnung von wenigen 10 µm aufweist die Substruktur nicht durch das menschliche Auge aufgelöst werden kann, erscheint ein Bildpunkt 106, einem Betrachter wie ein gleichmäßig eingefärbter Bildpunkt. Es ist jedoch möglich, zur Kontrolle der Grafik auf nachträgliche Manipulationen die Substruktur eines Bildpunktes 106 durch Vergrößerung beispielsweise mit einer Lupe sichtbar zu machen.Typically, a
Bei der Erzeugung der Sub-Pixel 108 durch einen Laser hängt die erreichbare Pixelgröße von der Strahlqualität beispielsweise wiedergegeben durch die Beugungsmaßzahl M2 und der benötigten Tiefenschärfe ab. Geht man beispielsweise von einer Strahlqualität M2 = 10 und einer Tiefenschärfe von 0,1 mm aus, ergibt sich ein Einzelpixeldurchmesser von weniger als 20 µm mit einer zugehörigen Größe eines Bildpunktes 110 von etwa 0,1 mm. Dabei ist ein Laserpuls mit einer Beugungsmaßzahl M2=10 im Allgemeinen leicht zu erzeugen.When the sub-pixels 108 are generated by a laser, the achievable pixel size depends on the beam quality, for example reproduced by the diffraction factor M 2 and the required depth of focus. For example, assuming a beam quality M 2 = 10 and a depth of field of 0.1 mm, the result is a single-pixel diameter of less than 20 μm with an associated size a
Wie in
Neben der in
Die
Hierzu wird zunächst durch die Strahlquelle 202 ein einzelner Laserpuls erzeugt. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei einem Laserpuls um einen Lichtpuls einer Pulsenergie zwischen 0,01 mJ und 1 mJ und einer Pulsbreite von etwa 3 ns bis 250 ns handeln. Dabei weist ein solcher Puls Spitzenleistungen von ca. 10 kW bis 50 kW auf. Die Wellenlänge des hierbei emittierten Lichts muss an die Anforderungen der fotosensitiven Schicht des Dokuments 102 angepasst werden. Üblich sind bei Lasergravurverfahren Wellenlängen im nahen Infrarot etwa bei 1064 nm. Der so von der Strahlquelle 202 erzeugte Lichtpuls wird zunächst aufgeweitet und durch die Kollimationsoptik 206 auf die Eingangsfacetten der Fasern 212 des Faserbündels 208 abgebildet. Dabei ist vorzugsweise die Kollimationsoptik 206 so dimensioniert, dass alle Fasern des Faserbündels 208 gleichmäßig durch den Laserpuls mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung beaufschlagt werden. Es kann ferner vor dem Faserbündel 208 eine Einkoppeloptik, wie beispielsweise ein Linsenarray (hier nicht dargestellt), angeordnet sein, welche die einfallende Laserstrahlung mit hoher Effizienz in die einzelnen Fasern des Faserbündels 208 eingekoppelt.For this purpose, a single laser pulse is first generated by the
In
In
Die
Dabei kann die in
- 100100
- Grafikgraphic
- 102102
- Dokumentdocument
- 104104
- Ausschnittneckline
- 106106
- Bildpunktpixel
- 108108
- Sub-PixelSub-Pixel
- 110110
- Bildpunktpixel
- 112112
- Bildpunktpixel
- 200200
- PersonalisierungsvorrichtungPersonalization device
- 202202
- Strahlquellebeam source
- 204204
- optische Anordnungoptical arrangement
- 206206
- Kollimationsoptikcollimating optics
- 208208
- Faserbündelfiber bundles
- 210210
- Abbildungsoptikimaging optics
- 212212
- Lichtleiteroptical fiber
- 214214
- Maskemask
Claims (13)
- A personalisation device (200) having an optical arrangement (204) and a beam source (202) for generating laser pulses for personalising a document (102) with a graphic (100),
wherein the graphic (100) contains a plurality of pixels,
wherein the personalisation device (200) is designed to image the pixels of the graphic (100) as image points (106) onto the document (102) by subjecting a photosensitive layer of the document (102) to the laser pulses in order to produce an image of the graphic (100) on the document (102),
wherein a first subset of image points (106) from the plurality of image points (106) has a first geometric shape,
wherein at least a second subset of image points (106) from the plurality of image points (106) has a geometric shape which differs from the first geometric shape,
wherein the device (200) is designed to guide laser pulses generated by the beam source (202) through the optical arrangement (204) to the position of an image point (106),
wherein the optical arrangement (204) is designed to adapt the transverse intensity profile of the laser pulse to the particular geometric shape of the image point (106). - The personalisation device (200) according to claim 1, wherein the optical arrangement (204) includes a bundle (208) of light-guiding fibres (212) and an in-coupling optical unit for coupling the laser pulse into the light-guiding fibres (212), wherein an image point (106) is constructed from a plurality of sub-pixels (108), wherein the geometric shape of the image point (106) is determined by the arrangement of the sub-pixels (108),
wherein the light-guiding fibres (212) are designed to generate the sub-pixels (108) of the image point (106) by imaging the laser pulse on the document (102). - The personalisation device (200) according to claim 2, wherein the bundle (208) of light-guiding fibres (212) is an image-receiving light guide bundle.
- The personalisation device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personalisation device (200) includes at least one mask (214) with at least one opening, wherein the mask (214) is arranged between the beam source (202) and the optical arrangement (204), wherein the shape of the at least one opening of the mask (214) corresponds to the geometric shape of the image point (106).
- The personalisation device (200) according to claim 4, wherein the at least one mask (214) is arranged in a magazine, wherein the magazine is designed to position or to remove a mask (214) between the beam source (202) and the optical arrangement (204).
- The personalisation device (200) according to claim 2, wherein the ends of the light-guiding fibres (212) of the fibre bundle (208) are arranged in a plane in the form of the geometric shape of the image point (106).
- The personalisation device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the in-coupling optical unit is a lens array.
- The personalisation device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims 2-7, wherein the optical arrangement (204) also comprises an imaging optical unit (210) for imaging the fibre ends onto the photosensitive layer of the document (102), wherein the in-coupling optical unit, the fibre bundle (208), and the imaging optical unit (210) are monolithic.
- The personalisation device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a pixel of the graphic (100) is imaged in the form of an image point (106) onto the document (102) by subjecting the photosensitive layer of the document (102) to a single laser pulse.
- The personalisation device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8, wherein a pixel of the graphic (100) is imaged in the form of an image point (106) onto the document (102) by subjecting the photosensitive layer of the document (102) to a plurality of laser pulses, wherein each of the laser pulses introduces the same amount of energy into the photosensitive layer of the document (102).
- A method for personalising a document (102) by applying a graphic (100) using a personalisation device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims by:• loading the graphic (100) into the personalisation device (200), wherein the graphic (100) contains a plurality of pixels,• imaging the pixels of the graphic (100) in the form of image points (106) onto the document (102), one image point at a time, by subjecting a photosensitive layer of the document (102) to laser pulses, such that an image of the graphic (100) is produced on the document (102),wherein a first subset of image points (106) of the graphic (100) on the document (102) from the plurality of image points (106) of the graphic (100) has a first geometric shape,
wherein at least one further subset of image points (106) of the graphic (100) on the document (102) from the plurality of image points (106) has a geometric shape which differs from the first geometric shape. - The method according to claim 11, wherein image points (106) of the graphic (100) on the document (102) have a colour from a plurality of colour values, wherein the colour values are associated with a geometric shape of the image point (106) each.
- The method according to claim 11, wherein image points of the graphic on the document have a grey value from a plurality of grey values, wherein the grey values are associated with a geometric shape of the image point each.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015208297.0A DE102015208297A1 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2015-05-05 | Personalization device and method for personalizing a document |
PCT/EP2016/059856 WO2016177708A1 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2016-05-03 | Personalization device and method for personalizing a document |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3291994A1 EP3291994A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
EP3291994B1 true EP3291994B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
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ID=56008593
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16723051.5A Active EP3291994B1 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2016-05-03 | Personalization device and method for personalizing a document |
Country Status (3)
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---|---|
EP (1) | EP3291994B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015208297A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016177708A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6909553B2 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2005-06-21 | Mems Optical, Inc. | Multi-aperture beam integrator/method producing a continuously variable complex image |
EP2147799A1 (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2010-01-27 | Gemplus | Securing of a printed image using a laser beam |
US8314828B2 (en) * | 2009-10-18 | 2012-11-20 | Gemalto Sa | Personalization of physical media by selectively revealing and hiding pre-printed color pixels |
DE102010010072A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Marking device and method for color marking value or security documents |
FR2971972B1 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-03-08 | Jean Pierre Lazzari | METHOD FOR FORMING A REFLECTIVE COLOR-LASER COLOR LASER IMAGE AND DOCUMENT WHEREIN A COLOR LASER IMAGE IS SO REALIZED |
EP2747406A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Gemalto SA | Method for embedding auxiliary data in an image, method for reading embedded auxiliary data in an image, and medium personalized by selective exposure to photons |
EP2851207B1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-12-30 | Oberthur Technologies | Personalization of documents |
-
2015
- 2015-05-05 DE DE102015208297.0A patent/DE102015208297A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-05-03 EP EP16723051.5A patent/EP3291994B1/en active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2016177708A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
EP3291994A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
DE102015208297A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
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