EP3289226A1 - Inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan, and a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan comprising an inlet nozzle - Google Patents

Inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan, and a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan comprising an inlet nozzle

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Publication number
EP3289226A1
EP3289226A1 EP16727293.9A EP16727293A EP3289226A1 EP 3289226 A1 EP3289226 A1 EP 3289226A1 EP 16727293 A EP16727293 A EP 16727293A EP 3289226 A1 EP3289226 A1 EP 3289226A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inlet nozzle
flow
diagonal
radial
radius
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16727293.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3289226B1 (en
Inventor
Tobias Gauss
Daniel SEIFRIED
Achim KAERCHER
Andreas Herbert
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Ziehl Abegg SE
Original Assignee
Ziehl Abegg SE
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Application filed by Ziehl Abegg SE filed Critical Ziehl Abegg SE
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/16—Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/002—Axial flow fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/545—Ducts
    • F04D29/547—Ducts having a special shape in order to influence fluid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/663—Sound attenuation
    • F04D29/665—Sound attenuation by means of resonance chambers or interference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05D2250/51—Inlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial fan, with an annular in cross section, a radius of curvature having and tapering in the flow direction in the diameter inflow section. Furthermore, the invention relates to a radial, diagonal or axial fan with a corresponding inlet nozzle.
  • Axial fans and centrifugal fans are well known in practice. For example, reference is made to DE 200 01 746 IM, US Pat. No. 6,499,948 B1 and DE 10 2012 021 372 A1.
  • Such fans are regularly equipped with an inlet nozzle or inlet nozzle, via which the fan sucks in air, which flows via an inlet opening first into the inlet region of the inlet nozzle and from there to the outlet region of the inlet nozzle.
  • the incoming air is passed through such an inlet nozzle.
  • This can be carried out with a flow-optimized inlet radius.
  • the inlet nozzle should supply the air flow as far as possible without turbulence and losses to the rotating axial impeller. Since there are no exact approaches for determining the geometry of an optimal inlet nozzle, the inflow radius is determined on an experimental basis, ie empirically, usually depending on structural parameters of the fan. It is known that, if the radii are not sufficiently large, flow separations may occur in the inflow region or in the region of the inflow radius. These flow separations interact with the rotating impeller, with such interactions resulting in increased sound levels and power losses. Due to installation conditions in the respective application of the fan, a small inflow radius may be required. On top of that, flange sizes for the nozzles are often specified by the customer, which must be observed when dimensioning the fan or the inlet nozzle.
  • a reduction of the nozzle height and / or the flange dimensions without further power losses would offer enormous advantages, namely in the context of a reduction of the installation space or the height of the fan. It is of fundamental importance that with a smaller inflow radius, the entire size of the inlet nozzle, in particular the nozzle height and / or the flange dimensions, can be reduced, which in turn leads to material savings.
  • Measures in the outlet region of the inlet nozzle are known from the previously mentioned DE 10 2012 021 372 A1, according to which the wall of the outlet region consists of wall sections lying one behind the other, which adjoin one another via an edge extending over the circumference of the wall sections. In practice, however, it has been found that these measures are only conditionally suitable for eliminating disruptive flow separations which lead to increased sound values and power losses.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial fan and a radial, diagonal or axial fan with a corresponding inlet nozzle, which / is suitable, the disadvantages occurring in the prior art, caused by unwanted Flow separation, to avoid, but at least to reduce, namely the reduction of sound levels and power losses.
  • the above object is achieved with respect to the inlet nozzle by the features of claim 1.
  • the genus-forming inlet nozzle is characterized by a measure or a flow element on or in the curved surface of the inflow section, in particular for enforcement purposes. bulging boundary layers in the flow, which can counteract / counteract a flow separation in this area.
  • a radial, diagonal or axial fan equipped with such an inlet nozzle is characterized by the features of the independent claim 8, with the same features as the inlet nozzle according to the invention.
  • the inlet nozzle according to the invention solves a problem which predominantly occurs with inlet nozzles with small radii in the inflow section, even with optimized inflow radius. Namely, it can not be avoided in the prior art that flow separations occur in the inflow radius, especially at small radii, which lead to turbulence in the flow. These turbulences are supplied to the rotating fan wheel and lead there to significant losses.
  • the inlet nozzle according to the invention has a radius of curvature, so that the term “radius” is used here, and the term “radius of curvature” is to be understood in the broadest sense.
  • the "radius” can be composed of several partial radii, each with a continuous or unsteady transition between the partial radii.
  • the curved inflow section has an annular recess in the sense of a zonal extension of this area, namely a ring in the inner surface of the inflow section extending region that acts in the sense of a flow element that counteracts a flow separation, or at least delayed.
  • the return or the extension can be realized as a recessed edge, which is based on the consideration that a receding edge initially dissolves the flow, wherein the main flow but then applies again to the remote geometry. This is done by a vortex, which draws the main flow in the area of the separation literally (Source: Nitsche, W .: flow measurement, Springer-Verlag 1994 (geometrically induced detachment)).
  • the widening in the radius of the inflow section can be designed as an edge projecting outwards.
  • the edge is formed by two bends or folding angles, namely by the bending angles ⁇ and ⁇ with the rule 180 ° ⁇ ⁇ 270 ° and 180 °> ⁇ > 90 °. In this area, very favorable flow conditions arise.
  • the inlet nozzle can be made entirely of plastic. As part of a simple embodiment, it makes sense to manufacture the inlet nozzle made of metal, in particular sheet metal, on the basis of conventional manufacturing processes for the production of sheet metal parts. In this case, the extension or the annular recess can be greater than the wall thickness of the sheet to ensure sufficient stability.
  • the length of the recess is greater than the depth of the return, namely to favor the flow conditions such that the flow separation region defined immediately after the return is in a suitable relationship to the length of the return and the re-application point the flow stands.
  • the return can be generated for example by deep drawing or embossing of the sheet.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an inlet nozzle belonging to the prior art according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 3 in schematic views, partially, the profile of an inlet nozzle according to the invention (bottom view) and in detail, increases the inventive measure in the region of the curved surface, i. the radius,
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a conventional inlet nozzle 1 with radius Ra.
  • the inlet nozzle 1 comprises a fastening flange 2 and an inflow section 3 with a curved surface 5, the radius Ra having a very particular effect on the inflowing air 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows in perspective view, known from the prior art inlet nozzle 1 with radius Ra, where there the inflow section 3 with a curved surface 5 and the mounting flange 2 can be seen.
  • Fig. 3 shows in a lower representation, partially, the profile of the inlet nozzle 1 according to the invention in the region of the radius Ra, i.
  • the inflow section 3 with the curved surface 5 on the inside of the inlet nozzle 1. It can be seen that there is provided a flow-influencing measure, namely a recess 6, which is formed as a recessed, circumferential edge.
  • the detail view arranged above shows the inflow section 3 and the recess 6 whose depth is smaller than the length or width in the flow direction 7 of the inflowing air.
  • the recess 6 can cause turbulent boundary layers in the flow with respect to the incoming air, which counteract the problematic flow separation and thus a noise and a loss of power.
  • R internal nozzle radius
  • R " distance at which the nozzle can be shortened without loss of power
  • FIG. 5 shows the marked in Fig. 4 detail X with appropriate labeling, resulting in the dimensions / limits.
  • angles ⁇ , ß shown which can be seen that the extension is designed as a recessed edge (6) with fold angles 180 ° ⁇ ⁇ 270 ° and 180 °>ß> 90 °.
  • FIG. 6 shows by comparison the profile of two conventional inlet nozzles 1 in the region of the inflow section 3 with different radii Ra, the inflow being indicated by an arrow 7 symbolizing the flowing air, wherein variant b) is designed with a smaller radius and thereby leads to power losses and increased sound values.
  • Variant c) shows the Einströmdüse 1 according to the invention with the previously discussed recess 6 in the region of the curved surface 5, whereby the effect of the invention is caused, and this with the simplest design and manufacturing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an inlet nozzle (1) for a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan, comprising an inlet section (3) that is circular in cross-section, has a radius of curvature, and tapers in diameter in the direction of flow (4), characterised by the presence of a measure or a flow element on or in the curved surface (5) of said inlet section for the purpose of forcing turbulent boundary layers in the flow, which can counteract a stall in this region. A radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan comprises a corresponding inlet nozzle (1).

Description

EINSTRÖMDÜSE FÜR EINEN RADIAL-, DIAGONAL- ODER AXIALVENTILATOR UND RADIAL-, DIAGONAL- ODER  NOZZLE FOR A RADIAL, DIAGONAL OR AXIAL FAN AND RADIAL, DIAGONAL OR
AXIALVENTILATOR MIT EINER EINSTRÖMDÜSE  AXIAL FAN WITH A THINNING NOZZLE
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einströmdüse für einen Radial-, Diagonal- oder Axialventilator, mit einem im Querschnitt kreisringförmigen, einen Krümmungsradius aufweisenden und sich in Strömungsrichtung im Durchmesser verjüngenden Einströmabschnitt. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung einen Radial-, Diagonal- oder Axialventilator mit einer entsprechenden Einströmdüse. The invention relates to an inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial fan, with an annular in cross section, a radius of curvature having and tapering in the flow direction in the diameter inflow section. Furthermore, the invention relates to a radial, diagonal or axial fan with a corresponding inlet nozzle.
Axialventilatoren und Radialventilatoren sind aus der Praxis hinlänglich bekannt. Lediglich beispielhaft sei dazu auf die DE 200 01 746 IM , US 6,499,948 B1 und DE 10 2012 021 372 A1 verwiesen. Axial fans and centrifugal fans are well known in practice. For example, reference is made to DE 200 01 746 IM, US Pat. No. 6,499,948 B1 and DE 10 2012 021 372 A1.
Solche Ventilatoren sind regelmäßig mit einer Einströmdüse oder Einlaufdüse ausgestattet, über die der Ventilator Luft ansaugt, die über eine Einlassöffnung zunächst in den Einlassbereich der Einströmdüse und von dort zum Auslassbereich der Einströmdüse strömt. Such fans are regularly equipped with an inlet nozzle or inlet nozzle, via which the fan sucks in air, which flows via an inlet opening first into the inlet region of the inlet nozzle and from there to the outlet region of the inlet nozzle.
Bei einem Axialventilator, der aus dem Freien ansaugt, wird die einströmende Luft über eine solche Einströmdüse geführt. Diese kann mit einem strömungstechnisch optimierten Einströmradius ausgeführt sein. Die Einströmdüse soll die Luftströmung möglichst ohne Turbulenzen und Verluste dem drehenden Axiallaufrad zuführen. Da es keine exakten Ansätze zur Bestimmung der Geometrie einer optimalen Einströmdüse gibt, wird regelmäßig der Einströmradius auf experimentellem Wege, d.h. empirisch, ermittelt, meist in Abhängigkeit baulicher Parameter des Ventilators. Es ist bekannt, dass es bei nicht ausreichend großen Radien zu Strömungsablösungen im Einströmbereich bzw. im Bereich des Einströmradius kommen kann. Diese Strömungsablösungen interagieren mit dem drehenden Laufrad, wobei solche Interaktionen zu erhöhten Schallwerten und zu Leistungsverlusten führen. Aufgrund von Einbaubedingungen in der jeweiligen Anwendung des Ventilators kann ein kleiner Einströmradius erforderlich sein. Obendrein sind nicht selten Anflanschmaße für die Düsen kundenseitig vorgegeben, die bei der Dimensionierung des Ventilators bzw. der Einströmdüse einzuhalten sind. In an axial fan, which draws in from the outside, the incoming air is passed through such an inlet nozzle. This can be carried out with a flow-optimized inlet radius. The inlet nozzle should supply the air flow as far as possible without turbulence and losses to the rotating axial impeller. Since there are no exact approaches for determining the geometry of an optimal inlet nozzle, the inflow radius is determined on an experimental basis, ie empirically, usually depending on structural parameters of the fan. It is known that, if the radii are not sufficiently large, flow separations may occur in the inflow region or in the region of the inflow radius. These flow separations interact with the rotating impeller, with such interactions resulting in increased sound levels and power losses. Due to installation conditions in the respective application of the fan, a small inflow radius may be required. On top of that, flange sizes for the nozzles are often specified by the customer, which must be observed when dimensioning the fan or the inlet nozzle.
Eine Reduzierung der Düsenhöhe und/oder der Anflanschmaße ohne weitere Leistungsverluste würde enorme Vorteile bieten, nämlich im Rahmen einer Reduzierung des Bauraums bzw. der Bauhöhe des Ventilators. Es ist von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung, dass bei einem kleineren Einströmradius die gesamte Baugröße der Einströmdüse, insbesondere die Düsenhöhe und/oder der Anflanschmaße, reduziert werden können, was wiederum zu Materialeinsparungen führt. Aus der zuvor bereits erwähnten DE 10 2012 021 372 A1 sind Maßnahmen im Auslassbereich der Einströmdüse bekannt, wonach die Wandung des Auslassbereichs aus hintereinander liegenden Wandabschnitten besteht, die jeweils über eine über den Umfang der Wandabschnitte verlaufende Kante aneinander anschließen. In der Praxis hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass diese Maßnahmen nur bedingt geeignet sind, die störenden Strömungsablösungen, die zu erhöhten Schallwerten und Leistungsverlusten führen, zu eliminieren. A reduction of the nozzle height and / or the flange dimensions without further power losses would offer enormous advantages, namely in the context of a reduction of the installation space or the height of the fan. It is of fundamental importance that with a smaller inflow radius, the entire size of the inlet nozzle, in particular the nozzle height and / or the flange dimensions, can be reduced, which in turn leads to material savings. Measures in the outlet region of the inlet nozzle are known from the previously mentioned DE 10 2012 021 372 A1, according to which the wall of the outlet region consists of wall sections lying one behind the other, which adjoin one another via an edge extending over the circumference of the wall sections. In practice, however, it has been found that these measures are only conditionally suitable for eliminating disruptive flow separations which lead to increased sound values and power losses.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einströmdüse für einen Radial-, Diagonal oder Axialventilator und einen Radial-, Diagonal oder Axialventilator mit einer entsprechenden Einströmdüse anzugeben, die/der geeignet ist, die im Stand der Technik auftretenden Nachteile, hervorgerufen durch ungewollte Strömungsablösungen, zu vermeiden, zumindest aber zu reduzieren, nämlich zur Reduktion von Schallwerten und Leistungsverlusten. Voranstehende Aufgabe ist in Bezug auf die Einströmdüse durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Danach ist die gattungsbildende Einströmdüse gekennzeichnet durch eine Maßnahme oder ein Strömungselement an oder in der gekrümmten Oberfläche des Einströmabschnitts, insbesondere zur Erzwingung tur- bulenter Grenzschichten in der Strömung, die einer Strömungsablösung in diesem Bereich entgegenwirkt/entgegenwirken können. The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial fan and a radial, diagonal or axial fan with a corresponding inlet nozzle, which / is suitable, the disadvantages occurring in the prior art, caused by unwanted Flow separation, to avoid, but at least to reduce, namely the reduction of sound levels and power losses. The above object is achieved with respect to the inlet nozzle by the features of claim 1. Thereafter, the genus-forming inlet nozzle is characterized by a measure or a flow element on or in the curved surface of the inflow section, in particular for enforcement purposes. bulging boundary layers in the flow, which can counteract / counteract a flow separation in this area.
Ein mit einer solchen Einströmdüse ausgestatteter Radial-, Diagonal- oder Axial- Ventilator ist durch die Merkmale des nebengeordneten Anspruchs 8 gekennzeichnet, mit den gleichen Merkmalen wie die erfindungsgemäße Einströmdüse. Die erfindungsgemäße Einströmdüse löst ein Problem, welches ganz überwiegend bei Einströmdüsen mit kleinen Radien im Einströmabschnitt auftritt, auch bei optimiertem Einströmradius. Es lässt sich nämlich im Stand der Technik nicht ver- meiden, dass insbesondere bei kleinen Radien Strömungsablösungen im Einströmradius auftreten, die zu Turbulenzen in der Strömung führen. Diese Turbulenzen werden dem drehenden Lüfterrad zugeführt und führen dort zu erheblichen Verlusten. An dieser Stelle sei angemerkt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Einströmdüse einen Krümmungsradius aufweist, so dass hier von einer Einströmdüse„mit Radius" die Rede ist. Der Begriff„Krümmungsradius" ist im weitesten Sinne zu verstehen. Der „Radius" kann sich aus mehreren Teilradien zusammensetzen, jeweils mit stetigem oder unstetigem Übergang zwischen den Teilradien. A radial, diagonal or axial fan equipped with such an inlet nozzle is characterized by the features of the independent claim 8, with the same features as the inlet nozzle according to the invention. The inlet nozzle according to the invention solves a problem which predominantly occurs with inlet nozzles with small radii in the inflow section, even with optimized inflow radius. Namely, it can not be avoided in the prior art that flow separations occur in the inflow radius, especially at small radii, which lead to turbulence in the flow. These turbulences are supplied to the rotating fan wheel and lead there to significant losses. It should be noted at this point that the inlet nozzle according to the invention has a radius of curvature, so that the term "radius" is used here, and the term "radius of curvature" is to be understood in the broadest sense. The "radius" can be composed of several partial radii, each with a continuous or unsteady transition between the partial radii.
Bei hinreichend großem Radius lässt sich dieser in Bezug auf Geräuschentwicklung und Leistung optimieren. Bei kleiner werdenden Radien ist dies problematisch, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme insbesondere bei kleinen Radien greift. Die durch Schallleistungsmessungen an unterschiedlichen Geo- metrien ermittelbaren Auswirkungen geometrischer Maßnahmen lassen erkennen, dass es möglich ist, auch an kleinen Radien Strömungsablösungen zu verhindern, nämlich dann, wenn im Einströmbereich, d.h. im Krümmungsradius (oder im jeweiligen Teilradius) beispielsweise turbulente Grenzschichten erzwungen werden, die einer Strömungsablösung entgegenwirken können. With a sufficiently large radius, this can be optimized in terms of noise and performance. With decreasing radii, this is problematic, so that the measure according to the invention engages especially at small radii. The effects of geometric measures that can be determined by sound power measurements on different geometries show that it is possible to prevent flow separations even at small radii, namely when, in the inflow region, i. in the radius of curvature (or in the respective partial radius), for example, turbulent boundary layers are forced, which can counteract a flow separation.
In ganz besonders vorteilhafter Weise weist der gekrümmte Einströmabschnitt einen ringförmigen Rücksprung im Sinne einer zonalen Erweiterung dieses Bereichs auf, nämlich einen in der Innenfläche des Einströmabschnitts ringförmig verlaufender Bereich, der im Sinne eines Strömungselementes wirkt, das einer Strömungsablösung entgegenwirkt, oder diese zumindest verzögert. In a particularly advantageous manner, the curved inflow section has an annular recess in the sense of a zonal extension of this area, namely a ring in the inner surface of the inflow section extending region that acts in the sense of a flow element that counteracts a flow separation, or at least delayed.
Anstelle eines einzigen Rücksprungs können auch zwei oder mehrere zueinander beabstandete Rücksprünge vorgesehen sein, je nach Bedarf, resultierend aus dem zu realisierenden Radius entsprechend der gewünschten Baugröße. Instead of a single recess and two or more spaced-apart recesses may be provided, as needed, resulting from the radius to be realized according to the desired size.
Der Rücksprung bzw. die Erweiterung kann als zurückspringende Kante realisiert sein, wobei hier die Überlegung zugrunde liegt, dass eine zurückspringende Kante die Strömung zunächst ablöst, wobei sich die Hauptströmung dann aber wieder an die abgesetzte Geometrie anlegt. Dies erfolgt durch einen Wirbel, der die Hauptströmung im Bereich der Ablösung regelrecht ansaugt (Quelle: Nitsche, W.: Strömungsmesstechnik, Springer-Verlag 1994 (geometrisch induzierte Ablösung)). Die Erweiterung im Radius des Einströmabschnitts kann als nach außen zurück- springende Kante ausgeführt sein. Entsprechend ist die Kante durch zwei Abwinkelungen bzw. Abkantungswinkel gebildet, nämlich durch die Abkantungs- winkel α und ß mit der Vorschrift 180° < α < 270° und 180° > ß > 90°. In diesem Bereich ergeben sich ganz besonders günstige Strömungsverhältnisse. Bei Vorkehrung eines einzigen Rücksprungs ist es von Vorteil, wenn dieser etwa mittig oder im inneren Drittel des Einströmabschnitts ausgebildet ist, um nämlich die Strömung in Bezug auf die Erzwingung turbulenter Grenzschichten und somit zur Vermeidung von Strömungsablösungen optimal zu begünstigen. Die Einströmdüse kann insgesamt aus Kunststoff gefertigt sein. Im Rahmen einer einfachen Ausgestaltung bietet es sich an, die Einströmdüse aus Metall, insbesondere aus Blech, zu fertigen, unter Zugrundelegung üblicher Fertigungsverfahren zur Herstellung von Blechteilen. Dabei kann die Erweiterung bzw. der ringförmige Rücksprung größer als die Wanddicke des Blechs sein, um eine hin- reichende Stabilität zu gewährleisten. Des Weiteren ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Länge des Rücksprungs größer ist als die Tiefe des Rücksprungs, um nämlich die Strömungsverhältnisse dahingehend zu begünstigen, dass das gleich nach dem Rücksprung definierte Ablösegebiet für die Strömung in einem geeigneten Verhältnis zur Länge des Rücksprungs und dem Wiederanlegepunkt der Strömung steht. Der Rücksprung kann beispielsweise durch Tiefziehen oder Prägen des Blechs generiert werden. The return or the extension can be realized as a recessed edge, which is based on the consideration that a receding edge initially dissolves the flow, wherein the main flow but then applies again to the remote geometry. This is done by a vortex, which draws the main flow in the area of the separation literally (Source: Nitsche, W .: flow measurement, Springer-Verlag 1994 (geometrically induced detachment)). The widening in the radius of the inflow section can be designed as an edge projecting outwards. Correspondingly, the edge is formed by two bends or folding angles, namely by the bending angles α and β with the rule 180 ° <α <270 ° and 180 °>β> 90 °. In this area, very favorable flow conditions arise. When provision is made for a single recess, it is advantageous if it is formed approximately centrally or in the inner third of the inflow section, namely in order to optimally favor the flow in relation to the forcing of turbulent boundary layers and thus to avoid flow separations. The inlet nozzle can be made entirely of plastic. As part of a simple embodiment, it makes sense to manufacture the inlet nozzle made of metal, in particular sheet metal, on the basis of conventional manufacturing processes for the production of sheet metal parts. In this case, the extension or the annular recess can be greater than the wall thickness of the sheet to ensure sufficient stability. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the length of the recess is greater than the depth of the return, namely to favor the flow conditions such that the flow separation region defined immediately after the return is in a suitable relationship to the length of the return and the re-application point the flow stands. The return can be generated for example by deep drawing or embossing of the sheet.
Es gibt nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu ist einerseits auf die dem Anspruch 1 nachgeordneten Ansprüche und andererseits auf die nachfolgende Erläuterung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung zu verweisen. In Verbindung mit der Erläuterung des bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung werden auch im Allgemeinen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Lehre erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen There are now various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand to the claims subordinate to claim 1 and on the other hand to refer to the following explanation of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings. In conjunction with the explanation of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing, generally preferred embodiments and developments of the teaching are explained. In the drawing show
Fig. 1 in einer schematischen Ansicht, geschnitten, ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer herkömmlichen Einströmdüse mit Radius, 1 in a schematic view, cut, an embodiment of a conventional inlet nozzle with radius,
Fig. 2 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht eine zum Stand der Technik gehörende Einströmdüse gemäß Fig. 1 , FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an inlet nozzle belonging to the prior art according to FIG. 1, FIG.
Fig. 3 in schematischen Ansichten, teilweise, das Profil einer erfindungsgemäßen Einströmdüse (untere Darstellung) und im Detail, vergrößert, die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme im Bereich der gekrümmten Oberfläche, d.h. des Radius, Fig. 3 in schematic views, partially, the profile of an inlet nozzle according to the invention (bottom view) and in detail, increases the inventive measure in the region of the curved surface, i. the radius,
Fig. 4 in einer schematischen Teilansicht den Einströmabschnitt nebst 4 shows a schematic partial view of the inflow section
Rücksprung,  Return,
Fig. 5 in einer Detailansicht (Detail X) Gegenstand aus Fig. 4 und Fig. 5 in a detailed view (detail X) object of Fig. 4 and
Fig. 6 in schematischen Ansichten den Einströmabschnitt herkömmlicher Fig. 6 in schematic views of the inflow section conventional
Einströmdüsen ohne die Strömung beeinflussende Maßnahmen (a) und b)) und in einer schematischen Ansicht die erfindungsgemäße Einströmdüse mit Rücksprung bzw. Kante im Einströmabschnitt (c)). Fig. 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer herkömmlichen Einströmdüse 1 mit Radius Ra. Die Einströmdüse 1 umfasst einen Befestigungsflansch 2 und einen Einströmabschnitt 3 mit gekrümmter Oberfläche 5, wobei der Radius Ra eine ganz besondere Wirkung auf die einströmende Luft 4 hat. Inlet nozzles without the flow influencing measures (a) and b)) and in a schematic view of the invention Einströmdüse with return or edge in the inflow section (c)). Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a conventional inlet nozzle 1 with radius Ra. The inlet nozzle 1 comprises a fastening flange 2 and an inflow section 3 with a curved surface 5, the radius Ra having a very particular effect on the inflowing air 4.
Fig. 2 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht, eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Einströmdüse 1 mit Radius Ra, wobei dort der Einströmabschnitt 3 mit gekrümmter Oberfläche 5 sowie der Befestigungsflansch 2 erkennbar sind. Fig. 2 shows in perspective view, known from the prior art inlet nozzle 1 with radius Ra, where there the inflow section 3 with a curved surface 5 and the mounting flange 2 can be seen.
Fig. 3 zeigt in einer unteren Darstellung, teilweise, das Profil der erfindungsgemäßen Einströmdüse 1 im Bereich des Radius Ra, d.h. den Einströmabschnitt 3 mit der gekrümmten Oberfläche 5 auf der Innenseite der Einströmdüse 1. Es ist erkennbar, dass dort eine die Strömung beinflussende Maßnahme vorgesehen ist, nämlich ein Rücksprung 6, der als zurückspringende, umlaufende Kante ausgebildet ist. Fig. 3 shows in a lower representation, partially, the profile of the inlet nozzle 1 according to the invention in the region of the radius Ra, i. The inflow section 3 with the curved surface 5 on the inside of the inlet nozzle 1. It can be seen that there is provided a flow-influencing measure, namely a recess 6, which is formed as a recessed, circumferential edge.
Die darüber angeordnete Detailansicht zeigt den Einströmabschnitt 3 und den Rücksprung 6, dessen Tiefe kleiner ist als die Länge bzw. Breite in Strömungsrichtung 7 der einströmenden Luft. The detail view arranged above shows the inflow section 3 and the recess 6 whose depth is smaller than the length or width in the flow direction 7 of the inflowing air.
Der Rücksprung 6 kann in Bezug auf die einströmende Luft turbulente Grenzschichten in der Strömung verursachen, die der problematischen Strömungsablösung und somit einer Geräuschentwicklung und einem Leistungsverlust entgegenwirken. The recess 6 can cause turbulent boundary layers in the flow with respect to the incoming air, which counteract the problematic flow separation and thus a noise and a loss of power.
Fig. 4 zeigt in vergrößerter Darstellung den Einströmabschnitt 3 einer erfindungsgemäßen Einströmdüse mit Vermaßung, mit folgender Legende: 4 shows an enlarged view of the inflow section 3 of an inlet nozzle according to the invention with dimensioning, with the following legend:
R = Düseninnenradius R = internal nozzle radius
r = Anfang des Strömungselements  r = beginning of the flow element
R' = Anfang des Einströmradius  R '= beginning of inflow radius
R" = Abstand, an dem die Düse ohne Leistungsverlust gekürzt werden kann  R "= distance at which the nozzle can be shortened without loss of power
t = Wandstärke  t = wall thickness
t '= Tiefe des Strömungselements L = Länge des Strömungselements t '= depth of the flow element L = length of the flow element
φ = Winkel der Entformschräge  φ = angle of the draft
A = Rotationsachse ganz allgemein  A = rotation axis in general
R < r < R' < R" R <r <R '<R "
t>t'  t> t '
L>t' allgemein„von/bis"  L> t 'general "from / to"
R*1,01 <r< R*1,49 R * 1.01 <r <R * 1.49
R*1,01 <R' <R*1,50 R * 1.01 <R '<R * 1.50
R*1,02 < R" < R*1,51 R * 1.02 <R "<R * 1.51
t*0,01 < t' < t*0,95 t * 0.01 <t '<t * 0.95
t*0,50 < L < t*25,00 t * 0.50 <L <t * 25.00
-90° < cp < +45° sowie vorzugsweise„von/bis" -90 ° <cp <+ 45 ° and preferably "from / to"
R*1,02<r<R*1,10 R * 1.02 <r <R * 1.10
R*1,07<R' <R*1,15 R * 1.07 <R '<R * 1.15
R*1,10 < R" < R*1,18 R * 1.10 <R "<R * 1.18
t*0,1 < t' < t*0,4 t * 0.1 <t '<t * 0.4
t*1,00<L<t*10,00 t * 1.00 <L <t * 10.00
1° < φ < 10° in Bezug zur Rotationsachse A des Lüferrads. 1 ° <φ <10 ° with respect to the axis of rotation A of the Lüferrads.
Voranstehende Abmessungen/Grenzen und Verhältnisse sind als vorteilhafte Ausprägungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre zu verstehen. Previous dimensions / limits and ratios are to be understood as advantageous features of the teaching of the invention.
Fig. 5 zeigt das in Fig. 4 markierte Detail X mit entsprechender Beschriftung, woraus sich die Abmessungen/Grenzen ergeben. Abermals vergrößert sind die Winkel α, ß dargestellt, die erkennen lassen, dass die Erweiterung als zurückspringende Kante (6) mit Abkantungswinkeln 180° < α < 270°und 180° > ß > 90° ausgeführt ist. Fig. 6 zeigt schließlich im Vergleich das Profil zweier herkömmlicher Einströmdüsen 1 im Bereich des Einströmabschnitts 3 mit unterschiedlichen Radien Ra, wobei die Zuströmung durch einen Pfeil 7, die strömende Luft symbolisierend, gekennzeichnet ist, wobei Variante b) mit kleinerem Radius ausgeführt ist und dadurch zu Leistungsverlusten und erhöhten Schallwerten führt. Variante c) zeigt die erfindungsgemäßen Einströmdüse 1 mit dem zuvor erörterten Rücksprung 6 im Bereich der gekrümmten Oberfläche 5, wodurch die erfindungsgemäße Wirkung hervorgerufen wird, und dies bei einfachster Konstruktion und Fertigung. Hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre wird zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf den allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung sowie auf die beigefügten Ansprüche verwiesen. Fig. 5 shows the marked in Fig. 4 detail X with appropriate labeling, resulting in the dimensions / limits. Once again enlarged are the angles α, ß shown, which can be seen that the extension is designed as a recessed edge (6) with fold angles 180 ° <α <270 ° and 180 °>ß> 90 °. Finally, FIG. 6 shows by comparison the profile of two conventional inlet nozzles 1 in the region of the inflow section 3 with different radii Ra, the inflow being indicated by an arrow 7 symbolizing the flowing air, wherein variant b) is designed with a smaller radius and thereby leads to power losses and increased sound values. Variant c) shows the Einströmdüse 1 according to the invention with the previously discussed recess 6 in the region of the curved surface 5, whereby the effect of the invention is caused, and this with the simplest design and manufacturing. With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the teaching of the invention reference is made to avoid repetition to the general part of the specification and to the appended claims.
Schließlich sei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass das voranstehend be- schriebene Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre lediglich zur Erörterung der beanspruchten Lehre dient, diese jedoch nicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel einschränkt. Finally, it should be expressly pointed out that the above-described exemplary embodiment of the teaching according to the invention serves only to discuss the claimed teaching, but does not restrict it to the exemplary embodiment.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Einströmdüse 1 inlet nozzle
2 Befestigungsflansch  2 mounting flange
3 Einströmabschnitt  3 inflow section
4 Pfeil, Strömungsrichtung der Luft 4 arrow, flow direction of the air
5 gekrümmte Oberfläche 5 curved surface
6 Rücksprung, Kante  6 return, edge
7 Strömungsrichtung, Zuströmung  7 flow direction, inflow
R Radius (Düseninnenradius)R radius (inner nozzle radius)
Ra Radius Ra radius

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Claims
1. Einströmdüse für einen Radial-, Diagonal- oder Axialventilator, mit einem im Querschnitt kreisringförmigen, einen Krümmungsradius aufweisenden und sich in1. inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial fan, with a circular cross-section, having a radius of curvature and in
Strömungsrichtung (4) im Durchmesser verjüngenden Einströmabschnitt (3), g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h eine Maßnahme oder ein Strömungselement an oder in der gekrümmten Oberfläche (5) des Einströmabschnitts (3), insbesondere zur Erzwingung turbulenter Grenzschichten in der Strömung, die einer Strömungs- ablösung in diesem Bereich entgegenwirkt/entgegenwirken können. Flow direction (4) in the diameter tapered inflow section (3), characterized by a measure or a flow element on or in the curved surface (5) of the inflow section (3), in particular for the purpose of forcing turbulent boundary layers in the flow, the flow separation in this area counteract / counteract.
2. Einströmdüse nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gekrümmte Einströmabschnitt (3) einen ringförmigen Rücksprung (6) im Sinne einer zonalen Erweiterung dieses Bereichs aufweist. 2. inlet nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved inflow section (3) has an annular recess (6) in the sense of a zonal extension of this area.
3. Einströmdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei oder mehrere zueinander beabstandete Rücksprünge (6) vorgesehen sind. 3. inlet nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two or more mutually spaced recesses (6) are provided.
4. Einströmdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erweiterung als zurückspringende Kante (6) mit Abkantungswinkeln 180°4. inlet nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the extension as a recessed edge (6) with fold angles 180 °
< α < 270°und 180° > ß > 90° ausgeführt ist. <α <270 ° and 180 °> ß> 90 ° is executed.
5. Einströmdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rücksprung (6) in etwa mittig oder im inneren Drittel des Einströmab- Schnitts (3) ausgebildet ist. 5. inlet nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the recess (6) is formed approximately in the middle or in the inner third of the inflow section (3).
6. Einströmdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einströmdüse (1 ) aus Metall, insbesondere aus Blech, oder aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist. 6. inlet nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inlet nozzle (1) is made of metal, in particular of sheet metal, or of plastic.
7. Einströmdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Einströmdüse (1 ) aus Blech hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rücksprung (6) größer als die Wanddicke des Blechs und/oder dass die Länge des Rücksprungs (6) größer als die Tiefe des Rücksprungs (6) ist. 7. inflow nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inlet nozzle (1) is made of sheet metal, characterized in that the recess (6) is greater than the wall thickness of the sheet and / or that the length of the recess (6) greater than the depth of the recess (6) is.
8. Radial-, Diagonal- oder Axialventilator, mit einenn drehangetriebenen Laufrad zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms und einer ansaugseitigen Einströmdüse (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7. 8. Radial, diagonal or axial fan, with a rotary-driven impeller for generating an air flow and a suction-side inlet nozzle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7.
EP16727293.9A 2015-04-29 2016-04-25 Inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan, and a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan comprising an inlet nozzle Active EP3289226B1 (en)

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DE102015207948.1A DE102015207948A1 (en) 2015-04-29 2015-04-29 Inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial fan and radial, diagonal or axial fan with an inlet nozzle
PCT/DE2016/200194 WO2016173595A1 (en) 2015-04-29 2016-04-25 Inlet nozzle for a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan, and a radial, diagonal or axial-flow fan comprising an inlet nozzle

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DE102016118856A1 (en) 2016-10-05 2018-04-05 Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Inlet nozzle for a centrifugal fan
US10655628B2 (en) * 2018-01-12 2020-05-19 Quanta Computer Inc. Scalable fan frame mechanism
DE102018128811A1 (en) * 2018-11-16 2020-05-20 Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Diagonal fan that can be combined with different nozzles
WO2020115540A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 Regal Beloit America, Inc. A centrifugal blower assembly

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JP2775796B2 (en) * 1989-01-12 1998-07-16 株式会社デンソー Blower
DE20001746U1 (en) 2000-02-01 2001-06-21 Mulfingen Elektrobau Ebm Radial fan and nozzle for a radial fan
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US20180142702A1 (en) 2018-05-24
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DE102015207948A1 (en) 2016-11-03
CN107532601A (en) 2018-01-02

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