EP3283835B1 - Échangeur de chaleur présentant des éléments de microstructure et unité de séparation comprenant un tel échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur présentant des éléments de microstructure et unité de séparation comprenant un tel échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3283835B1
EP3283835B1 EP16729306.7A EP16729306A EP3283835B1 EP 3283835 B1 EP3283835 B1 EP 3283835B1 EP 16729306 A EP16729306 A EP 16729306A EP 3283835 B1 EP3283835 B1 EP 3283835B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
primary channel
microstructure elements
rough
rough primary
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EP16729306.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3283835A1 (fr
Inventor
Erwan LE GULUDEC
Clément LIX
David Quere
Quentin SANIEZ
Bernard Saulnier
Evan SPRUIJT
Marc Wagner
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/20—Particular dimensions; Small scale or microdevices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchange between a primary liquid, for example containing oxygen, and a secondary fluid, for example containing nitrogen.
  • the present invention relates to a cryogenic gas separation unit comprising such a heat exchange.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to a heat exchanger as defined by the preamble of claim 1, and as disclosed in the document WO03 / 060413A1 .
  • the present invention applies to the field of heat exchangers configured to perform heat exchanges between a primary liquid and a secondary fluid.
  • the present invention can be applied to the field of gas separation by cryogenics, including the separation of gases from air, acid gases and natural gas.
  • EP0130122A1 discloses a heat exchanger which generally comprises parallel plates, parallel spacers, which define i) primary channels and ii) secondary channels, and an inlet connected to a primary liquid bath via a distributor.
  • each primary channel generally has a rectangular-based prism shape, the primary liquid flowing along the prism and perpendicular to the rectangular base.
  • the primary liquid circulating in the primary channels exchanges heat with the secondary fluid flowing in the secondary channels.
  • the primary liquid contains a large proportion of oxygen and the secondary fluid contains a large proportion of nitrogen gas.
  • the primary liquid flow rate is relatively low in a primary channel.
  • the primary channels of EP0130122A1 have small transverse dimensions, in this case millimetric, so that primary liquid is not homogeneously distributed over the entire rectangular perimeter 51 of each smooth primary channel 50.
  • the primary liquid forms meniscuses 52 and concentrates in the corners 53 of the rectangular perimeter 51 of each smooth primary channel 50, which induces the appearance of dry zones on the long sides 54 of the rectangular perimeter 51 of each smooth primary channel 50.
  • the number and area of the dry areas increases as the primary liquid flowing to the primary smooth channel outlets expands. These dry zones are therefore unused during heat exchange, which reduces the performance of the heat exchanger. In addition, these dry areas may cause deposition of impurities, which may eventually lead to a failure in the safety of personnel and equipment.
  • the present invention is intended in particular to solve, in whole or in part, the problems mentioned above, by providing a heat exchanger for retaining primary and secondary channels with conventional geometry, without generating additional pressure losses, while by increasing the heat transfer and the safety of the heat exchanger.
  • the ratio r is sometimes referred to as “roughness ratio” or “roughness”.
  • the arithmetical average deviation R a (in m) represents the roughness of the rough primary channel.
  • the term "average line” designates a line situated at the average altitude of the real surface. In practice, the average line can be calculated from the topographic survey of the sectional profile of the surface by applying the least squares method.
  • such a heat exchanger makes it possible to preserve primary and secondary channels with a conventional geometry, thus simple to manufacture and to implement, without generating additional pressure drops, while increasing the heat transfer and the safety when the heat exchanger is in use.
  • the microstructure elements make it possible to increase the heat transfer, because the exchange surface area and the wet surface area are larger.
  • the safety of the heat exchanger is improved, because of the high wettability of the primary channels, which avoids dry vaporization of oxygen.
  • the measurements have shown that the polygonal-based prismatic geometry has higher heat transfer coefficients than a tubular geometry with a circular base for example.
  • the surface treatment with the microstructure elements, makes it possible to wet the entire perimeter of the primary channel and thus to increase the exchange surface.
  • the primary liquid and the secondary fluid are cryogenic fluids.
  • the primary liquid and the secondary fluid introduced into the heat exchanger may be monophasic, that is to say completely liquid or completely gaseous, or two-phase, that is to say composed of liquid and gas. During their flow through the heat exchanger, the proportions of the phases of the primary liquid and the secondary fluid may vary.
  • each polygonal section has dimensions of between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 7 mm, a rectangular polygonal section having for example a length of about 5 mm and a width about 1.5 mm.
  • microstructure elements are distributed substantially over the entire inner periphery of each rough primary channel.
  • the microstructure elements are distributed over at least 80% of the rough primary channel surface.
  • each rough primary channel is substantially covered with microstructure elements that increase the exchange area.
  • the microstructure elements have similar dimensions to each other and similar shapes to each other, and wherein the microstructure elements are configured so that for each rough primary channel: r > 1 + 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ h ⁇ ⁇ where: h (in m) is the average height of the microstructure elements.
  • similar dimensions of the microstructure elements may have a 20% gap from one microstructure element to another.
  • Two microstructure elements having similar shapes have all their similar dimensions.
  • the term "real surface” designates in particular the surface obtained after manufacture and the term “geometric surface” designates in particular a perfect surface, therefore smooth, apart from any microstructure elements that may be present; a geometric surface can be integrally defined geometrically by nominal dimensions.
  • the geometric surface is sometimes referred to as the "projected surface” when viewed in a plane.
  • the term "surface” can designate either a topological entity or the area of this topological entity.
  • the microstructure elements are distributed homogeneously.
  • the microstructure elements can be similar and homogeneously distributed.
  • microstructure elements may be similar and distributed in a heterogeneous manner, for example in a random manner.
  • the microstructure elements are configured so that for each rough primary channel: r - 1 - 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ h ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / h + 6.7 ⁇ 10 - 6 / d 2 > 4.2.10 - 8 and wherein the microstructure elements (30) are further configured such that for each rough primary channel (21): d > S 0.4 where: S (in m 2 ) is the average surface area of the microstructure section.
  • Microstructure elements thus configured make it possible to have a propagation speed of the liquid adapted to the heat exchange process.
  • the microstructure elements have irregular shapes, for example with irregular dimensions, the microstructure elements being able to be distributed in a heterogeneous manner, for example in a random manner.
  • intervals between two neighboring microstructure elements are variable, and therefore not constant, over the entire real surface of the rough primary channel considered.
  • each microstructure element may have a regular shape or geometry, for example globally in the form of a cylinder, a prism, a cone or the like.
  • the microstructure elements of regular shapes are configured so that for each rough primary channel: r > 1 + 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ h ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the microstructure elements are configured so that: r > 1 + 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ R at ⁇ .
  • the microstructure elements are configured so that for each rough primary channel: r - 1 - 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ R at ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / R at + 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 > 4.2.10 - 8 .
  • microstructure elements form a roughness that particularly increases the wettability of the surface of each rough primary channel, which allows the liquid to wet the entire surface of the rough primary channel even in the presence of a nook.
  • each rough primary channel of at least a portion of the rough primary channels generally has a shape of rectangular prism.
  • the prism can have an approximately rectangular base.
  • the edges of the rectangle defining the base of the prism may be rounded, for example by solder.
  • the microstructure elements are distributed only on the long sides of the rectangular base.
  • the short sides of the rectangular perimeter are devoid of microstructure elements. Indeed, the short sides can be wet due to the natural formation of the menisci at the corners of the rectangular perimeter.
  • the microstructure elements are distributed so as to define between them passages for the flow of the primary liquid.
  • microstructure elements extend generally above the level of the geometrical surface.
  • the microstructure elements are distributed so as to define a surface state with an open roughness, that is to say a roughness defined by peaks or masses but without narrow cavities.
  • a cavity is considered narrow when the surrounding peaks are too close to allow circulation of the liquid.
  • each rough primary channel has an arithmetic roughness R a of between 1 ⁇ m and 60 ⁇ m.
  • each rough primary channel has nanostructure elements distributed over at least 80% of its length, each nanostructure element having dimensions of between 1 nm and 500 nm.
  • nanostructure elements make it possible to maximize the wettability of each rough primary channel.
  • the nanostructure elements are distributed on the surface of each rough primary channel.
  • the nanostructure elements can be distributed on the surfaces of the microstructure elements.
  • the coating is composed of a metallic material and / or an inorganic material, for example a ceramic material.
  • the coating can be obtained by spray deposition (sometimes referred to as English term "spray") of particles and / or fibers on the surface of each rough primary channel.
  • the microstructure elements are formed by a treatment of the surface of each primary element, for example by anodizing, by sanding, by shot blasting or by chemical etching or by powder sintering, by spraying. of molten metal, by laser, by photolithography or by mechanical engraving such as rolling, brushing or printing.
  • microstructure elements may be formed by a coating obtained by impregnation, by plasma deposition spraying, by an additive manufacturing process, for example by three-dimensional printing.
  • the plates and / or the spacers are composed of materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, iron and aluminum alloys, a alloy of copper, nickel, chromium, iron, for example a nickel-chromium alloy or a nickel-chromium-iron alloy.
  • such plates and / or spacers make it possible to treat the primary liquids and the secondary fluids customary in the field of cryogenics, for example an oxygen-containing liquid and a gas containing nitrogen to separate the gases from the air, acid gases and natural gas.
  • the heat exchanger is configured to form a vaporizer-condenser, the lengths of the rough primary channels and the lengths of the secondary channels being determined so that the heat exchanges make it possible to totally vaporize or partially the primary liquid and totally or partially condense the secondary fluid introduced as a secondary gas.
  • a vaporizer-condenser makes it possible to treat the primary liquids and the secondary fluids customary in the field of cryogenics, for example an oxygen-containing liquid and a nitrogen-containing gas to separate the components of the air. .
  • said primary liquid inlet is placed at an altitude higher than the rough primary channels when the heat exchanger is in service so that the liquid dispenser primary introduces the primary liquid as a gravity flowing film through said at least one primary liquid inlet into the rough primary channels.
  • the secondary channels comprise rough secondary channels, each rough secondary channel being formed similarly to the rough primary channels.
  • a rough secondary channel may have microstructure elements which have dimensions of between 1 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, and which satisfy the equations applicable to the rough primary channels.
  • each of the features mentioned above for rough primary channels can be applied to rough secondary channels. However, these features are not repeated here in order to facilitate the reading of the present patent application.
  • the subject of the present invention is a separation unit, for separating gas by cryogenics, the separation unit comprising at least one heat exchanger forming a vaporizer-condenser according to the invention, the vaporizer-condenser being configured to allow a heat exchange between a liquid containing oxygen and a gas containing nitrogen.
  • cryogenic gas separation unit makes it possible to treat the primary liquids and the secondary fluids customary in the field of cryogenics, for example an oxygen-containing liquid and a nitrogen-containing gas for separating the components. air.
  • the Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate a heat exchanger 1 for exchanging heat between a primary liquid and a secondary fluid.
  • the heat exchanger 1 belongs to a separation unit 2 for separating the components of the air by cryogenics.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is configured to form a vaporizer-condenser configured to allow heat exchange between an oxygen-containing liquid and a nitrogen-containing gas.
  • the plate heat exchanger 1 can thus be used to vaporize an oxygen-rich liquid by heat exchange with a nitrogen-rich gas which is concomitantly condensed.
  • the heat exchanger 1 comprises several plates 11, which are arranged parallel to each other, and spacers 12, which extend between the plates 11 and which are also arranged parallel to each other.
  • the plates 11 and the spacers 12 are composed of an aluminum alloy.
  • the plates 11 are brazed together in a manner known per se.
  • Each rough primary channel 21 is arranged to be able to exchange heat with two respective secondary channels 22.
  • the channels rough primaries 21 and the secondary channels 22 alternately alternate in a stacking direction D of the plates 11.
  • the rough primary channels 21 and the secondary channels 22 are here mounted in a countercurrent configuration.
  • the rough primary channels 21 and the secondary channels 22 may be mounted in a co-current configuration.
  • the heat exchanger 1 further comprises a primary liquid inlet 14 which is fluidly connected to a primary liquid distributor 6 belonging to the separation unit 2.
  • the primary liquid O2L forms a bath above the primary liquid distributor 6.
  • the inlet 14 is placed at an altitude higher than the rough primary channels 21 when the heat exchanger 1 is in use.
  • the altitude is measured in the usual way by reference to a vertical direction in the ascending direction.
  • the primary liquid distributor 6 introduces the primary liquid in the form of a film flowing by gravity through the inlet 14 into the rough primary channels.
  • each rough primary channel 21 generally has a shape of polygonal section prism and extending along a longitudinal direction X.
  • This prism is composed of several generally planar faces. The edges of the rectangle defining the base of the prism are here a little rounded by the solder.
  • Each polygonal section - or polygonal perimeter - of the prism here has dimensions of between 1 mm and 5 mm.
  • each rough primary channel 21 here generally has a prism shape with a rectangular base and extending along the longitudinal direction X.
  • the rectangular section has a height H21 approximately equal to 4.5 mm and a width W21 approximately equal to 1.5 mm.
  • the primary liquid flows along the prism and perpendicular to the rectangular base.
  • each rough primary channel 21 has microstructure elements 30.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are distributed or distributed over at least 80% of the length L21 of the rough primary channel 21 considered.
  • the lengths L 21 of the rough primary channels 21 and the lengths of the secondary channels 22 are determined so that the heat exchanges make it possible to vaporize all or part of the primary liquid and to condense all or part of the secondary fluid introduced as a secondary gas.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are uniform and evenly distributed, and they are configured so that for each rough primary channel 21: r > 1 + 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ h ⁇ ⁇ where: h (in m) is the average height of the microstructure elements 30, the average height being calculated from the heights H30 of each microstructure element 30.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are not distributed over the entire rectangular section of each rough primary channel 21.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are distributed only on the long sides 44 of the rectangular section of each rough primary channel 21, but 45.
  • the short sides 45 are devoid of microstructure elements 30. Indeed, the short sides 45 are wet due to the natural formation of the menisci at the corners of the section. rectangular.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are distributed so as to define between them passages for the flow of the primary liquid O2L, which defines a state surface with an open roughness.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are homogeneously distributed. In other words, the interval between two successive microstructure elements is substantially constant along any direction.
  • the microstructure elements 30 are therefore arranged in a uniform and ordered matrix.
  • microstructure elements 30 are here configured so that for each rough primary channel 21: r > 1 + 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ h ⁇ ⁇ or :
  • microstructure elements 30 are here configured so that for each rough primary channel 21: r - 1 - 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ h ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / h + 6.7 ⁇ 10 - 6 / d 2 > 4.2.10 - 8
  • microstructure elements 30 are configured so that for each rough primary channel 21: d > S 0.4 where: S (in m 2 ) is the average surface area of the microstructure section.
  • each rough primary channel 21 has an arithmetic roughness Ra of between 1 ⁇ m and 60 ⁇ m.
  • the arithmetic roughness Ra is a statistical parameter representing the arithmetic average deviation from the average line of the surface of a rough primary channel 21 considered.
  • each rough primary channel 21 may have nanostructure elements (not shown) distributed over at least 80% of its length L21.
  • Each nanostructure element has dimensions of between 1 nm and 100 nm.
  • the nanostructure elements may be distributed on the surface of each rough primary channel 21 and on the surfaces of the microstructure elements 30.
  • the microstructure elements 30 form a coating obtained here by projection deposition (sometimes referred to as "spray") of particles on the surface of each rough primary channel 21.
  • the particles forming this coating are here composed of a metallic material.
  • the figures 5 and 6 illustrate a portion of a rough primary channel 121 belonging to a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention. Since the rough primary channel 121 is similar to the rough primary channel 21, the description of the heat exchanger and rough primary channel 21 given above in relation to the Figures 1 to 4 can be transposed to the rough primary channel 121 and its heat exchanger, with the notable differences noted below.
  • the rough primary channel 121 differs from the rough primary channel 21, essentially because the microstructure elements 130 have a relatively large and tall cylinder shape and because the gap between two microstructure elements 130 is larger than the gap between two microstructure elements 130. microstructure 30.
  • the figure 7 illustrates, in section in a plane xz, a portion of a rough primary channel 221 belonging to a heat exchanger according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the rough primary channel 221 is similar to the rough primary channel 21, the description of the heat exchanger and the rough primary channel 21 given above in relation to the Figures 1 to 4 can be transposed to the rough primary channel 221 and its heat exchanger, with the notable differences noted below.
  • the rough primary channel 221 differs from the rough primary channel 21, in particular because the microstructure elements 230 have irregular shapes and dimensions, and therefore dissimilar to each other.
  • the rough primary channel 221 differs from the rough primary channel 21, especially since the microstructure elements 230 are distributed heterogeneously, in this case randomly. In other words, the intervals between two adjacent microstructure elements 230 are variable, and therefore not constant, over the entire real surface of the rough primary channel 221.
  • the microstructure elements 230 are configured so that for each rough primary channel 21: r > 1 + 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ R at ⁇ ⁇ .
  • an average line z represents the arithmetic mean of the measured z height point by point, including for example heights z1, z2, z3, z4 and z5.
  • R z is the height of the highest peak relative to the lowest point of the surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP16729306.7A 2015-04-16 2016-04-13 Échangeur de chaleur présentant des éléments de microstructure et unité de séparation comprenant un tel échangeur de chaleur Active EP3283835B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1553397A FR3035202B1 (fr) 2015-04-16 2015-04-16 Echangeur de chaleur presentant des elements de microstructure et unite de separation comprenant un tel echangeur de chaleur
PCT/FR2016/050851 WO2016166473A1 (fr) 2015-04-16 2016-04-13 Échangeur de chaleur présentant des éléments de microstructure et unité de séparation comprenant un tel échangeur de chaleur

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WO (1) WO2016166473A1 (zh)

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CN108691178B (zh) * 2017-03-31 2022-04-08 Bsh家用电器有限公司 包括至少一个金属的部件的家用器具
EP3382315B1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2019-11-20 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Laundry drying appliance comprising at least one finned-tube heat exchanger

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US3384154A (en) * 1956-08-30 1968-05-21 Union Carbide Corp Heat exchange system
FR2547898B1 (fr) * 1983-06-24 1985-11-29 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide par echange de chaleur avec un deuxieme fluide, et leur application a une installation de distillation d'air
US4715433A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with doubly-enhanced plates
FR2834783B1 (fr) * 2002-01-17 2004-06-11 Air Liquide Ailette d'echange thermique, son procede de fabrication et echangeur de chaleur correspondant
FR2865027B1 (fr) * 2004-01-12 2006-05-05 Air Liquide Ailette pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles ailettes
US8356658B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2013-01-22 General Electric Company Heat transfer enhancing system and method for fabricating heat transfer device
CN101424495A (zh) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-06 通用电气公司 用于制造传热设备的传热强化系统和方法
CN203024496U (zh) * 2012-11-27 2013-06-26 冯益安 内部含有纳米微球支撑的平板式换热器组成的空调或热泵

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US20180106534A1 (en) 2018-04-19
FR3035202B1 (fr) 2017-04-07
JP2018511773A (ja) 2018-04-26
WO2016166473A1 (fr) 2016-10-20
FR3035202A1 (fr) 2016-10-21
EP3283835A1 (fr) 2018-02-21
CN107660265A (zh) 2018-02-02

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