EP3283694B1 - Foundation anchoring for a working machine - Google Patents
Foundation anchoring for a working machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3283694B1 EP3283694B1 EP16715796.5A EP16715796A EP3283694B1 EP 3283694 B1 EP3283694 B1 EP 3283694B1 EP 16715796 A EP16715796 A EP 16715796A EP 3283694 B1 EP3283694 B1 EP 3283694B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- counter
- anchoring
- angled form
- mounting plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/44—Foundations for machines, engines or ordnance
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M7/00—Details of attaching or adjusting engine beds, frames, or supporting-legs on foundation or base; Attaching non-moving engine parts, e.g. cylinder blocks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation and a method for anchoring a work machine to a foundation and a method for dismantling an anchoring of a work machine to a foundation.
- the stability for the proper operation of a working machine usually depends on the extent of the attacking forces, for example compressive, tensile or torsional forces, and the anchoring of the working machine on the ground side.
- An ideal introduction of the occurring forces into the location of the machine increases the stability and consequently the possible load on the machine.
- foundation anchors which are positioned and aligned before the foundation is concreted and are cast in after the concrete reinforcement has been made.
- these solutions contain anchoring elements that are connected to the work machine, in particular the tower of a crane, and then to the foundation on site. Stone screws, threaded rods with counter plates or similar components are mostly used for this.
- EP 2 481 853 A1 a foundation anchorage for a work machine, which is, however, susceptible to the problem described above.
- a heavy-duty anchor is known with an upper and a lower anchor plate, which are connected to one another via a cladding tube.
- An anchor rod is arranged in the cladding tube, the lower head of which has an outer contour which essentially corresponds to the inner contour of a recess in the lower anchor plate, so that the anchor rod can no longer be retracted after the anchor rod has been appropriately aligned with the lower anchor plate.
- the object of the present invention is now to provide an anchoring device which cannot be inadvertently released from the frictional connection with a foundation or with an element to be poured into the foundation during assembly, manufacture of the foundation and / or during the prestressing process.
- the amount of reusable materials should be as high as possible in order to keep the costs for anchoring a work machine low.
- the device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation comprises a receiving plate for laying on a foundation, a counter plate for pouring into the foundation, a hollow tube which connects the receiving plate to the counter plate and from the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counter plate to its inside is accessible, and a tension element for insertion into the hollow tube, the tension element being releasably anchored to the counterplate by means of a rotary movement.
- the device is further characterized in that it comprises an anti-rotation element, which is connected to an outer contour of the tension element and arranges it in a rotationally fixed manner.
- a liquid concrete forming the foundation is poured around the standing anchoring device.
- the mounting plate lies on the surface of the foundation.
- An anchoring foot extends from the mounting plate, preferably in one piece, to which the working machine can be attached.
- the receiving plate is only put on after the foundation has hardened and is joined to the other elements of the anchoring device.
- the counterplate for pouring into the foundation is preferably arranged approximately parallel to the receiving plate or parallel to the foundation surface, but is at a certain distance from the receiving plate.
- the counter plate is typically poured into the foundation in order to later be able to conduct tensile forces particularly effectively into the foundation.
- the hollow tube connecting the receiving plate and the counterplate to one another can preferably have a circular cross section. Furthermore, the hollow tube is accessible from the side of the receiving plate, which faces away from the foundation or from the counterplate to be poured into the foundation, to its inside.
- the hollow tube surrounds the tension element, which has a section which, when the tension element is anchored to the counterplate, protrudes from the hollow tube in the direction of the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate.
- the length of the hollow tube is therefore preferably less than the length of the tension element.
- the tension element can be inserted into the hollow tube and can be releasably anchored to the counterplate by means of a rotary movement.
- the pulling element has a thread at its end close to the counterplate, which engages with a thread in the counterplate or with an anchoring means for anchoring the counterplate to the pulling element.
- the tension element is a rod which can be releasably anchored to the counterplate by a rotational movement of the tension element about its longitudinal axis. It is therefore possible to release a tension element anchored to the counterplate by rotating it about its longitudinal axis from the state anchored to the counterplate, or an anchoring element, and to remove it from the hollow tube.
- the anti-rotation element which is connected to an outer contour of the tension element and arranges it in a rotationally fixed manner, is connected to the tension element in such a way that rotation of the tension element, which could lead to loosening with the anchoring on the counterplate, is excluded.
- the anti-rotation element can be designed so that it completely engages around the tension element.
- the anti-rotation element it is preferably possible for the anti-rotation element to be provided on the side of the receiving plate which faces away from the counterplate.
- This device has the advantage that it is not possible to unintentionally release the anchoring of the tension element with the counterplate during the assembly of the anchoring, during the manufacture of the foundation and / or during the pretensioning process of the anchoring device. Nevertheless, it is possible to release the tension element from the state anchored to the counterplate and to reuse it, as a result of which the overall cost of the anchoring device is reduced.
- the anti-rotation element prevents loosening of the anchoring connection and thus ensures the load-bearing capacity of the tension element. A connection of the tension element with the concrete foundation is therefore not necessary.
- the anti-rotation element is arranged on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate or is formed by the receiving plate.
- This feature means that the anti-rotation element is not cast in through the foundation, but is located above the mounting plate to be placed on the foundation. It is therefore possible to reuse the anti-rotation element in further anchoring devices.
- Another advantage is that during a pretensioning process, which is typically carried out by applying a torque to the tension element, from above moments introduced into the tension element directly above (on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate) are derived by the anti-rotation element. The tension element is thus protected from torsional forces which act over the entire length of the tension element. This makes it possible to make the tension element narrower and to save material.
- the anti-rotation element according to the invention comprises a through hole, the inner cross section of which corresponds to an outer cross section of the tension element. This makes it possible to attach the anti-rotation element to the section of the tension element which extends out of the receiving plate in the direction of the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate. The tension element is simply inserted through the through hole of the anti-rotation element and placed on the mounting plate.
- the device further comprises a locking means, which is arranged in a stationary manner on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate, for the torsionally rigid fixing of the anti-rotation element or the tension element that is operatively connected to it.
- a locking means which is arranged in a stationary manner on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate, for the torsionally rigid fixing of the anti-rotation element or the tension element that is operatively connected to it.
- one or more stop bars are preferably used as locking means. These stop bars are arranged in a stationary manner on the mounting plate and interact with the anti-rotation element in such a way that rotation of the tension element about its longitudinal axis is prevented.
- another means than a stop bar is also conceivable as a locking means.
- a locking point is conceivable, which is arranged on the mounting plate in such a way that it does not permit rotation of the anti-rotation element, which is in operative connection with the tension element.
- the pulling element has a thread at the end close to the counterplate, which threads with the counterplate itself and / or with an anchoring means, which is arranged on the side of the counterplate facing away from the mounting plate, can be screwed.
- the tension element can cooperate with an anchoring element which is arranged on the side of the counter plate facing away from the receiving plate, a recess of the counter plate is necessary, through which the tension element penetrates and with a connectable to the tension element on the side of the counter plate facing away from the receiving plate
- Anchoring element is arranged.
- the anchoring element is preferably so large in a specific orientation to the counterplate that it cannot pass through the recess in the counterplate. In addition, in this position it should also be able to be connected to the tension element passing through the recess in the counterplate by means of a rotary movement.
- the anchoring element is preferably a nut corresponding to the thread of the tension element, which nut can form a screw connection with the thread (screw father) arranged at the end of the tension element.
- the anti-rotation element preferably lies on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate. As a result, the anti-rotation element can be prevented from rotating in a particularly simple manner.
- the anchoring element is typically rigidly arranged by the foundation to be cast.
- the inner cross section of the through hole corresponds in one section to a round hole, a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, a hexagon, an octagon, a hexagon, a decagon, an elf or a twelve.
- the tensioning means has a thread that matches the thread on the end of the tension element that is close to the mounting plate, in order to tension the tension element between the mounting plate and counterplate.
- a nut is advantageously used, which is based on the section of the tension element protruding from the hollow tube in the direction of the receiving plate, so that the tension element anchored to the counterplate is clamped between the receiving plate and counterplate by turning the nut in the direction of the receiving plate. It is not necessary for the tensioning means to rest directly on the mounting plate. Rather, it can be advantageous that the clamping means is the component that is arranged closest to the end of the tension element that protrudes from the mounting plate.
- the tensioning means is preferably provided with a disk which distributes the forces exerted by the tensioning means evenly.
- a bracing means on the device is advantageously also conceivable, which is in engagement with the tension element and urges the anti-rotation element in the direction of the side of the receiving plate which faces away from the counterplate.
- the tensioning means is preferably a nut with or without a washer, which presses the anti-rotation element in the direction of the receiving plate.
- the anti-rotation element preferably comprises an inner part which is directly connected to the outer contour of the tension element.
- the anti-rotation element By providing a multi-unit design of the anti-rotation element, it is possible to replace parts that are subject to greater wear or greater work stress independently of parts of the anti-rotation element that are subject to less wear.
- the inner part which is connected to the outer contour of a tension element, is relatively low-wear, whereas the outer part of the anti-rotation element, on which a tensioning means typically rests, has to be replaced frequently.
- this leads to a lower cost because an independent exchange of the two parts (inner part and outer part) is possible.
- the manufacture of the two separate parts is less complex than the manufacture of a combination part containing these two parts.
- the inner part is preferably a tensioning element which can be attached to the outer contour of the tension element in a rotationally rigid manner by means of a clamping connection.
- the clamp connection can be implemented by two clamp connection elements each surrounding about half of a peripheral section of the tension element, which are fastened to the tension element by a screw and / or tension connection in such a way that a rotation of the tension element can no longer be carried out independently of a rotation of the clamp connection. More preferably, the clamp connection can also be carried out with the aid of a screw connection with which the two clamp connection elements can be moved towards one another.
- the tension element can be designed as a threaded rod, which preferably has a smaller cross-sectional area in its two ends than in a section connecting the two ends.
- the tension element has a circular cross-sectional area at its two ends and a cross-sectional area that is different therefrom in a section lying between the two ends. It is thus possible for threads to be present at both ends of the tension element, which thread can be screwed into a counter thread on the one hand with an anchoring element or the counterplate and on the other hand can be connected to the tensioning means.
- the tension element In a state anchored to the counterplate on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate, the tension element preferably has a section which has a round hole, a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, a hexagon, an octagon, in cross section Neunkant, a decagon, an elf or a twelve.
- any cross-section of the tension element that is not point-symmetrical is advantageous. This is because a correspondingly shaped one is attached Through hole of an anti-rotation element, which is fixed in a rotationally rigid manner, is able to prevent rotation of the tension element even without a clamping connection of tension element and anti-rotation element.
- the receiving plate has a pin and / or a pin receptacle for fastening the working machine, the pin and / or the pin receptacle projecting perpendicularly from the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate.
- the peg and / or the peg receptacle represent connecting elements with which the machine to be secured can be connected to the anchoring device. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that such tenons / tenon receptacles can take on many different configurations without losing their basic effect.
- the present connection discloses a method for anchoring a work machine to a foundation with a device according to one of the embodiments described above, the device being completely preassembled outside the place of use and being positioned and aligned at the place of use before the foundation is poured.
- the present invention discloses a method for dismantling an anchor device according to one of the embodiments described above, in which a tensioning means, preferably a nut, which is in engagement with a tension element, is released, an anti-rotation element which, in an assembled state, fixes the tension element in a rotationally rigid manner , is lifted and / or disassembled and a rotary movement of the tension element is carried out in order to release an anchoring connection with a counterplate or with an anchoring element anchoring the tension element on the counterplate.
- a tensioning means preferably a nut, which is in engagement with a tension element, is released
- an anti-rotation element which, in an assembled state, fixes the tension element in a rotationally rigid manner , is lifted and / or disassembled and a rotary movement of the tension element is carried out in order to release an anchoring connection with a counterplate or with an anchoring element anchoring the tension element on the counterplate.
- Anchoring in an in-situ concrete foundation is intended to introduce the compressive and tensile forces that occur into the foundation.
- Fig. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention.
- the pulling element 4 is inserted into the hollow tube 3 into an opening that matches the hollow tube 3.
- the tension element 4 runs through an opening in the counter plate 2, which is also arranged in the region of the hollow tube 3.
- the pulling element 4 has a thread in the section that on the side of the counter plate 2 facing away from the receiving plate 1, which thread is in an active relationship with a nut 9 or its internal thread.
- the nut 9 anchoring element ensures that movement of the tension element 4 in the direction of the receiving plate 1, that is to say out of the opening of the counter plate 2, is prevented.
- the reference numeral 12 designates a cap which is placed on the end of the tension element 4 protruding from the counterplate 2 in order to prevent the tension element 4 and concrete from being connected during a pouring operation of a concrete foundation.
- an anti-rotation element 5 can be seen, which is embodied in this embodiment by the mounting plate 1.
- the anti-rotation element 5 or the receiving plate 1 has, for example, a through hole whose cross-sectional shape corresponds to a hexagon.
- the tension element 4 also has a corresponding outer contour (in the example a hexagon) in the section running through the through hole of the anti-rotation element 5 or the mounting plate 1, so that with a corresponding alignment of the two Components a rotation of the tension element 4 is excluded in a fixed arrangement of the anti-rotation element 5 or mounting plate.
- a tensioning means 10 is also screwed onto a thread of the tensile element 4, the thread being arranged near an end section of the tensile element 4. It is thereby achieved that the tension element 4 is clamped between the counter plate 2 and a stabilizing plate 14. Tractive forces, which in this embodiment are passed on directly from the stabilizing plate 14 to the tensile element 4 via the tensioning means 10, can thus be easily derived.
- the stabilizing plate 14 has a round through hole through which the tension element 4 passes.
- the tension element 4 also has a circular cross section in the area that passes through the stabilizing plate 14. Only in the transition from the stabilizing plate 14 and the receiving plate 1 or the anti-rotation element 5 does the cross section of the tension element 4 change to a hexagon.
- the stabilizing plate 14 with its through hole serves to guide, stabilize and hold the tension element 4
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment for anchoring a work machine to a foundation and differs from the previous embodiment in particular by the different design of the anti-rotation element.
- identical reference numerals are used for identical components and are no longer described or are no longer described in full detail.
- the anti-rotation element 5 now rests on the mounting plate 1 and is not embodied by the mounting plate 1.
- the anti-rotation element 5 has a through hole through which the tension element 4 runs and has an inner cross-sectional area which essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the tension element 4 in this area.
- the anti-rotation element 5 has its inner cross-sectional area of changes circularly to a hexagon in the course of the mounting plate 1.
- locking means 8 are arranged in a stationary manner on the receiving plate 1, which prevent rotation of the anti-rotation element 5 or of the tension element 4 that is operatively connected to it.
- Fig. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of the anti-rotation element 5 according to the second embodiment, the sectional view being cut at the height of the anti-rotation element 5, in which the tension element 4 has a round cross section and the anti-rotation element 5 already has a hexagonal recess. You can see the tension element 4 in the round section and the inner basic shape of the anti-rotation element as a hexagon. It is therefore clear that when a tension element 4 having an outer shape corresponding to the through hole is inserted, it is not possible to rotate the tension element 4 without rotating the anti-rotation element 5.
- Fig. 2b shows a top view of the Fig. 2 without the associated bracing element 10 (nut).
- the locking means 8 arranged on opposite sides of the anti-rotation element 5 in the form of stop bars. It can also be seen that tension element 4 passing through through hole 7.
- Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation, which mainly differs from the previous embodiment in the multi-unit design of the anti-rotation element 51, 52.
- the anti-rotation element 5 can be divided into two parts. An inner part 52 and an outer part 51 surrounding it. That which adjoins the tensioning means 10 Outer part 51 has a through hole 7, which corresponds to a circular bore. In this section, the tension element 4 is carried out with its threaded section.
- this embodiment comprises a washer 13 which is optional for all embodiments and which is arranged between the bracing means 10 and the anti-rotation element 5. This has the advantage of a uniform transmission of force from the tensioning means 10 to the anti-rotation element 5.
- the anti-rotation element 5 of the third embodiment consists of an inner part 52 and an outer part 51 adjoining this, which has a recess into which the inner part 52 can be inserted.
- the advantage of this embodiment is the simple manufacture of the individual components of the anti-rotation element 5.
- the inner part 52 has a through hole 7 which essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the tension element 4.
- the outer part 51 can have a circular through-hole through which the tension element 4 is passed.
- the rotation lock is then obtained by the inner part 52, which is in operative connection with the tension element 4.
- the operative connection is transmitted to the locking means 8 via the outer part 51.
- Fig. 3b shows a top view of the third embodiment of the anchoring device without tensioning means 10.
- the tension element 4, which passes through the through hole of the outer part 51, and the locking means 8 arranged on opposite sides of the outer part 51 can be seen.
- the recess of the outer part 51 is shown in dashed lines in FIG which the inner part 52 is received.
- Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the previous embodiment in that the inner part 52 of the anti-rotation element 5 is made in two parts.
- the inner part 521 encloses an area of the tension element which is circular in cross section. Due to the inner part 52 designed as a tensioning element 521, it is nevertheless possible to produce a torsionally rigid connection of the inner part 52 to the tension element 4.
- an element consisting of two parts is placed around the tension element and fixed to the tension element with clamping screws in such a way that the tensioning element 521 rotates when the tension element 4 rotates.
- a cross-sectional shape which is different from a circle and which can be brought into engagement with a lever tool for simplicity is provided on the end of the tension element 4 facing away from the counterplate 2. This enables greater forces to be applied to rotate the tension element 4 or to release the anchoring connection with the anchoring element 9.
- Fig. 4a again shows a view of the inner part, here in the embodiment of a tensioning element 521, which can be attached to the tension element 4 in a rotationally fixed manner by means of two connecting screws.
- Fig. 4b shows a top view of the in Fig. 4 illustrated embodiment of the anchoring device without tensioning means, here a nut in which the tension element 4, the outer element 51 of the anti-rotation element 5 and the two locking means (stop bars) can be seen.
- Fig. 5 shows an overall view of the anchoring principle based on the previously described fourth embodiment of the anchoring device. It can be seen that the receiving plate 1 rests on a foundation 6 and the hollow tube 3 as well as the counterplate 2 and the anchoring element 9 are enclosed by the foundation. Are now tensile forces, i.e. forces that the receiving plate 1 pull from the foundation 6, applied, they are introduced into the foundation particularly effectively by the anchoring device.
- the device In a method for anchoring a work machine to a foundation, the device is preassembled outside the place of use and positioned and aligned at the place of use before the foundation 6 is cast.
- the tensioning means 10 which braces the tension element 4 with the counterplate 2
- the tensioning means 10 which braces the tension element 4 with the counterplate 2
- the pulling element can be released from the anchoring means 9 by executing a rotary movement and can be used again when an anchoring device is built up again.
- Fig. 6 shows an oblique view of the anchorage according to the invention, in which there are large similarities with the first embodiment.
- the tension element 4 which has a section which essentially corresponds to a hexagon.
- the tension element 4 has a section with a circular cross section.
- the anti-rotation element 5 is embodied by the receiving plate 1 and has a through hole which has an internal cross-sectional shape which prevents the tension element 4, which is designed as a hexagon, from rotating.
- the counter plate 2 and the anchoring element 9 that is operatively connected to the tension element 4.
- the cap 12 serves to protect against the influx of concrete.
- the stabilizing plate 14 with its through hole serves to guide, stabilize and hold the tension element 4.
- the hollow tube 3 connects the receiving plate 1 and the counter plate 2.
- the hollow tube 3 is partially not shown.
- the cross-sectional shape of the tension element 4 can thereby be better recognized.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament sowie ein Verfahren zum Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament und ein Verfahren zur Demontage einer Verankerung einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament.The present invention relates to a device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation and a method for anchoring a work machine to a foundation and a method for dismantling an anchoring of a work machine to a foundation.
Die Standfestigkeit für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb einer Arbeitsmaschine hängt üblicherweise vom Ausmaß der angreifenden Kräfte, beispielsweise Druck-, Zug- oder auch Torsionskräfte, sowie der bodenseitig durchgeführten Verankerung der Arbeitsmaschine ab. Eine ideale Einleitung der auftretenden Kräfte in den Standort der Arbeitsmaschine erhöht die Standfestigkeit und folglich die mögliche Belastung der Maschine.The stability for the proper operation of a working machine usually depends on the extent of the attacking forces, for example compressive, tensile or torsional forces, and the anchoring of the working machine on the ground side. An ideal introduction of the occurring forces into the location of the machine increases the stability and consequently the possible load on the machine.
So muss z. B. die Verankerung eines Kranturms in einem Ortbetonfundament die auftretenden Kräfte aus dem Kranturm in das Fundament ableiten. Die Einleitung der Druckkräfte erfolgt typischerweise über entsprechende Druckkontaktflächen. Die anliegenden Zugkräfte müssen entweder ebenfalls über diese Kontaktflächen, dann jedoch in umgekehrter Richtung, oder aber über zusätzliche Zugelemente in das Fundament eingeleitet werden.So z. B. the anchoring of a crane tower in an in-situ concrete foundation derive the forces occurring from the crane tower into the foundation. The pressure forces are typically introduced via corresponding pressure contact surfaces. The applied tensile forces must either be introduced into the foundation via these contact surfaces, but then in the opposite direction, or via additional tensile elements.
Für die mögliche Verankerung bekannter Turmdrehkrane in einem bauseits hergestellten Betonfundament sind bereits verschiedenste Lösungen bekannt. So ist beispielsweise die Verwendung von Verankerungsfüßen bekannt, meist als Fundamentanker bezeichnet, die vor dem Betonieren des Fundaments positioniert und ausgerichtet werden und nach Herstellung einer Betonbewehrung fest eingegossen werden.Various solutions are already known for the possible anchoring of known tower cranes in a concrete foundation manufactured by the customer. For example, the use of anchoring feet is known, mostly referred to as foundation anchors, which are positioned and aligned before the foundation is concreted and are cast in after the concrete reinforcement has been made.
Um eine möglichst große Wiederverwertbarkeit der Verankerungsfüße zu erreichen, offenbart der Stand der Technik verschiedene Lösungen. Typischerweise enthalten diese Lösungen Verankerungselemente, die mit der Arbeitsmaschine, insbesondere dem Turm eines Kranes, und dann bauseits mit dem Fundament zugfest verbunden sind. Hierzu werden meist Steinschrauben, Gewindestangen mit Gegenplatten oder ähnliche Bauteile verwendet.In order to achieve the greatest possible recyclability of the anchoring feet, the prior art discloses various solutions. Typically, these solutions contain anchoring elements that are connected to the work machine, in particular the tower of a crane, and then to the foundation on site. Stone screws, threaded rods with counter plates or similar components are mostly used for this.
Hierbei besteht jedoch die Gefahr, dass bei der Montage der herkömmlichen Verankerung einer Arbeitsmaschine, der Herstellung des einen Teil der Verankerung umgebenden Fundaments und/oder während des Vorspannvorgangs der Verankerung eine Verbindung des Zugelementes mit dem Fundament beziehungsweise einem in das Fundament einzugießenden Element in ungewollter Weise gelöst wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Sicherheit der Verankerung nicht mehr gewährleistet ist und ein sicherer Betrieb der durch die Verankerung gehaltenen Arbeitsmaschine nicht möglich ist.Here, however, there is a risk that during the assembly of the conventional anchorage of a working machine, the manufacture of the foundation surrounding part of the anchorage and / or during the prestressing process of the anchorage, a connection of the tension element to the foundation or an element to be poured into the foundation in an undesired manner is solved. As a result, the security of the anchoring is no longer guaranteed and the safe operation of the working machine held by the anchoring is not possible.
So offenbart beispielsweise die
Andere im Stand der Technik vorgeschlagene Versuche das obige Problem zu umgehen, schlagen meist die Verwendung von Gewindestangen vor, an denen die Arbeitsmaschine befestigt werden kann, wobei jedoch die Gewindestangen in das Fundament eingegossen werden, sich dabei mit dem Fundament fest verbinden, und sich bei der Demontage der Arbeitsmaschine nicht mehr von dem Fundament trennen lassen. Hierbei ist zwar ein unbeabsichtigtes Lösen beim Vorspannen der Verankerungsfüße nahezu ausgeschlossen, jedoch sind die Kosten für die verlorenen Bauteile hoch.Other attempts proposed in the prior art to circumvent the above problem usually propose the use of threaded rods to which the working machine can be attached, but the threaded rods are cast into the foundation, thereby firmly connecting to the foundation, and joining the disassembly of the working machine from the foundation let separate. Although unintentional loosening when prestressing the anchoring feet is almost impossible, the costs for the lost components are high.
Aus der
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, eine Verankerungsvorrichtung zu schaffen, die sich bei der Montage, der Herstellung des Fundaments und/oder während des Vorspannvorgangs nicht unbeabsichtigterweise von dem Kraftschluss mit einem Fundament beziehungsweise mit einem in dem Fundament einzugießenden Element lösen kann. Gleichzeitig soll jedoch die Menge an wiederverwendbaren Materialien möglichst hoch sein, um die Kosten für ein Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine gering zu halten.The object of the present invention is now to provide an anchoring device which cannot be inadvertently released from the frictional connection with a foundation or with an element to be poured into the foundation during assembly, manufacture of the foundation and / or during the prestressing process. At the same time, however, the amount of reusable materials should be as high as possible in order to keep the costs for anchoring a work machine low.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird durch die Vorrichtung zum Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.The above object is achieved by the device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation with the features of
Demnach umfasst die Vorrichtung zum Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament eine Aufnahmeplatte zum Auflegen auf ein Fundament, eine Gegenplatte zum Eingießen in das Fundament, ein Hohlrohr, das die Aufnahmeplatte mit der Gegenplatte verbindet und von der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte zu seiner Innenseite zugänglich ist, und ein Zugelement zum Einführen in das Hohlrohr, wobei das Zugelement durch eine Drehbewegung lösbar mit der Gegenplatte verankerbar ist. Die Vorrichtung ist ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Drehsicherungselement umfasst, das mit einer Außenkontur des Zugelements in Verbindung steht und dieses drehfest anordnet.Accordingly, the device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation comprises a receiving plate for laying on a foundation, a counter plate for pouring into the foundation, a hollow tube which connects the receiving plate to the counter plate and from the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counter plate to its inside is accessible, and a tension element for insertion into the hollow tube, the tension element being releasably anchored to the counterplate by means of a rotary movement. The device is further characterized in that it comprises an anti-rotation element, which is connected to an outer contour of the tension element and arranges it in a rotationally fixed manner.
Typischerweise wird zur Verankerung der Vorrichtung ein das Fundament bildender, flüssiger Beton um die stehende Verankerungsvorrichtung gegossen. Die Aufnahmeplatte liegt nach einem Aushärtevorgang des Betonfundaments auf der Oberfläche des Fundaments auf. Von der Aufnahmeplatte erstreckt sich, vorzugsweise einstückig, ein Verankerungsfuß, an dem die Arbeitsmaschine befestigt werden kann. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Aufnahmeplatte erst nach einem Aushärtevorgang des Fundaments aufgelegt wird, und mit den weiteren Elementen der Verankerungsvorrichtung zusammengefügt wird.Typically, for anchoring the device, a liquid concrete forming the foundation is poured around the standing anchoring device. After the concrete foundation has hardened, the mounting plate lies on the surface of the foundation. An anchoring foot extends from the mounting plate, preferably in one piece, to which the working machine can be attached. However, it is also conceivable that the receiving plate is only put on after the foundation has hardened and is joined to the other elements of the anchoring device.
Die Gegenplatte zum Eingießen in das Fundament ist vorzugsweise in etwa parallel zur Aufnahmeplatte beziehungsweise parallel zur Fundamentoberfläche angeordnet, weist jedoch einen gewissen Abstand zur Aufnahmeplatte auf. Beim Gießen des Betonfundaments wird die Gegenplatte typischerweise in das Fundament eingegossen, um später Zugkräfte besonders wirkungsvoll in das Fundament ableiten zu können.The counterplate for pouring into the foundation is preferably arranged approximately parallel to the receiving plate or parallel to the foundation surface, but is at a certain distance from the receiving plate. When pouring the concrete foundation, the counter plate is typically poured into the foundation in order to later be able to conduct tensile forces particularly effectively into the foundation.
Das die Aufnahmeplatte und die Gegenplatte miteinander verbindende Hohlrohr kann vorzugsweise einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Ferner ist das Hohlrohr von der Seite der Aufnahmeplatte, die von dem Fundament beziehungsweise von der in das Fundament einzugießenden Gegenplatte abgewandt ist, zu seiner Innenseite hin zugänglich. Das Hohlrohr umgibt das Zugelement, das einen Abschnitt aufweist, der in einem mit der Gegenplatte verankertem Zustand des Zugelements aus dem Hohlrohr in Richtung zur von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte hervorsteht. Die Länge des Hohlrohrs ist demnach vorzugsweise geringer als die Länge des Zugelements.The hollow tube connecting the receiving plate and the counterplate to one another can preferably have a circular cross section. Furthermore, the hollow tube is accessible from the side of the receiving plate, which faces away from the foundation or from the counterplate to be poured into the foundation, to its inside. The hollow tube surrounds the tension element, which has a section which, when the tension element is anchored to the counterplate, protrudes from the hollow tube in the direction of the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate. The length of the hollow tube is therefore preferably less than the length of the tension element.
Das Zugelement ist in das Hohlrohr einführbar und kann mit Hilfe einer Drehbewegung lösbar mit der Gegenplatte verankert werden. Denkbar ist beispielsweise, dass das Zugelement an seinem der Gegenplatte nahem Ende ein Gewinde aufweist, das mit einem Gewinde in der Gegenplatte oder mit einem Verankerungsmittel zum Verankern der Gegenplatte mit dem Zugelement eingreift. Vorzugsweise ist das Zugelement eine Stange, die durch eine Drehbewegung des Zugelements um seine Längsachse herum lösbar mit der Gegenplatte verankerbar ist. Hierbei ist es also möglich, ein mit der Gegenplatte verankertes Zugelement durch eine Drehbewegung um seine Längsachse herum aus dem mit der Gegenplatte, oder einem Verankerungselement, verankertem Zustand zu lösen und aus dem Hohlrohr zu entnehmen. Das Drehsicherungselement, das mit einer Außenkontur des Zugelements in Verbindung steht und dieses drehfest anordnet, steht derart mit dem Zugelement in Verbindung, dass eine Rotation des Zugelements, die zu einem Lösen mit der Verankerung an der Gegenplatte führen könnte, ausgeschlossen ist. Dabei kann das Drehsicherungselement so ausgeführt sein, dass es das Zugelement vollständig umgreift. Zudem ist vorzugsweise möglich, dass das Drehsicherungselement auf der Seite der Aufnahmeplatte vorgesehen ist, die von der Gegenplatte abgewandt ist.The tension element can be inserted into the hollow tube and can be releasably anchored to the counterplate by means of a rotary movement. It is conceivable, for example, that the pulling element has a thread at its end close to the counterplate, which engages with a thread in the counterplate or with an anchoring means for anchoring the counterplate to the pulling element. Preferably the tension element is a rod which can be releasably anchored to the counterplate by a rotational movement of the tension element about its longitudinal axis. It is therefore possible to release a tension element anchored to the counterplate by rotating it about its longitudinal axis from the state anchored to the counterplate, or an anchoring element, and to remove it from the hollow tube. The anti-rotation element, which is connected to an outer contour of the tension element and arranges it in a rotationally fixed manner, is connected to the tension element in such a way that rotation of the tension element, which could lead to loosening with the anchoring on the counterplate, is excluded. The anti-rotation element can be designed so that it completely engages around the tension element. In addition, it is preferably possible for the anti-rotation element to be provided on the side of the receiving plate which faces away from the counterplate.
Diese Vorrichtung weist den Vorteil auf, dass es nicht möglich ist, die Verankerung des Zugelements mit der Gegenplatte ungewollterweise bei der Montage der Verankerung, bei der Herstellung des Fundaments und/oder während des Vorspannvorgangs der Verankerungsvorrichtung zu lösen. Dennoch ist es möglich, das Zugelement aus dem mit der Gegenplatte verankertem Zustand zu lösen und wiederzuverwenden, wodurch die Gesamtkosten der Verankerungsvorrichtung sinken. Das Drehsicherungselement verhindert das Lösen der Verankerungsverbindung und stellt somit die Tragfähigkeit des Zugelements sicher. Ein Verbund des Zugelements mit dem Betonfundament ist deswegen nicht notwendig.This device has the advantage that it is not possible to unintentionally release the anchoring of the tension element with the counterplate during the assembly of the anchoring, during the manufacture of the foundation and / or during the pretensioning process of the anchoring device. Nevertheless, it is possible to release the tension element from the state anchored to the counterplate and to reuse it, as a result of which the overall cost of the anchoring device is reduced. The anti-rotation element prevents loosening of the anchoring connection and thus ensures the load-bearing capacity of the tension element. A connection of the tension element with the concrete foundation is therefore not necessary.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Drehsicherungselement auf der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte angeordnet oder durch die Aufnahmeplatte gebildet. Dieses Merkmal bewirkt, dass das Drehsicherungselement nicht durch das Fundament eingegossen wird, sondern sich oberhalb der auf das Fundament aufzulegenden Aufnahmeplatte befindet. Daher ist es möglich, dass Drehsicherungselement bei weiteren Verankerungsvorrichtungen wieder zu verwenden. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass bei einem Vorspannvorgang, der typischerweise durch Anlegen eines Drehmoments an das Zugelement ausgeführt wird, von oben in das Zugelement eingeleitete Momente direkt oberhalb (auf der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte) durch das Drehsicherungselement abgeleitet werden. Somit wird das Zugelement vor Torsionskräften bewahrt, die über die gesamte Länge des Zugelements wirken. Dadurch ist es möglich, das Zugelement schmaler auszuführen und Material einzusparen.According to the invention, the anti-rotation element is arranged on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate or is formed by the receiving plate. This feature means that the anti-rotation element is not cast in through the foundation, but is located above the mounting plate to be placed on the foundation. It is therefore possible to reuse the anti-rotation element in further anchoring devices. Another advantage is that during a pretensioning process, which is typically carried out by applying a torque to the tension element, from above moments introduced into the tension element directly above (on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate) are derived by the anti-rotation element. The tension element is thus protected from torsional forces which act over the entire length of the tension element. This makes it possible to make the tension element narrower and to save material.
Ferner umfasst das Drehsicherungselement erfindungsgemäß ein Durchgangsloch, dessen Innenquerschnitt einem Außenquerschnitt des Zugelements entspricht. Dadurch ist es möglich, das Drehsicherungselement auf dem Abschnitt des Zugelements aufzustecken, der sich aus der Aufnahmeplatte heraus in Richtung der von der Gegenplatte abwandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte erstreckt. Das Zugelement wird hierbei einfach durch das Durchgangsloch des Drehsicherungselements gesteckt und auf die Aufnahmeplatte aufgelegt.Furthermore, the anti-rotation element according to the invention comprises a through hole, the inner cross section of which corresponds to an outer cross section of the tension element. This makes it possible to attach the anti-rotation element to the section of the tension element which extends out of the receiving plate in the direction of the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate. The tension element is simply inserted through the through hole of the anti-rotation element and placed on the mounting plate.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die Vorrichtung ferner ein Arretiermittel, das an der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte ortsfest angeordnet ist, zum drehstarren fixieren des Drehsicherungselements bzw. des damit in Wirkverbindung stehenden Zugelements. Durch das Arretiermittel wird das Drehsicherungselement, das drehstarr mit dem Zugelement gekoppelt ist, derart arretiert, dass eine Drehung des Drehsicherungselements nicht mehr möglich ist.According to the invention, the device further comprises a locking means, which is arranged in a stationary manner on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate, for the torsionally rigid fixing of the anti-rotation element or the tension element that is operatively connected to it. By means of the locking means, the anti-rotation element, which is coupled in a rotationally rigid manner to the tension element, is locked in such a way that rotation of the anti-rotation element is no longer possible.
Vorzugsweise wird hierfür eine oder mehrere Anschlagleisten als Arretiermittel verwendet. Diese Anschlagleisten werden auf der Aufnahmeplatte ortsfest angeordnet und wirken mit dem Drehsicherungselement so zusammen, dass eine Rotation des Zugelements um seine Längsachse unterbunden wird. Als Arretiermittel ist jedoch auch ein anderes Mittel als eine Anschlagsleiste denkbar. So ist beispielsweise ein Arretierpunkt vorstellbar, der auf der Aufnahmeplatte so angeordnet ist, dass er ein Drehen des Drehsicherungselements, das in einer Wirkverbindung mit dem Zugelement steht, nicht zulässt.For this purpose, one or more stop bars are preferably used as locking means. These stop bars are arranged in a stationary manner on the mounting plate and interact with the anti-rotation element in such a way that rotation of the tension element about its longitudinal axis is prevented. However, another means than a stop bar is also conceivable as a locking means. For example, a locking point is conceivable, which is arranged on the mounting plate in such a way that it does not permit rotation of the anti-rotation element, which is in operative connection with the tension element.
Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Zugelement an dem zur Gegenplatte nahen Ende ein Gewinde aufweist, das mit der Gegenplatte selbst und/oder mit einem Verankerungsmittel, das an der von der Aufnahmeplatte abgewandten Seite der Gegenplatte angeordnet ist, verschraubbar ist.In addition, it is advantageous if the pulling element has a thread at the end close to the counterplate, which threads with the counterplate itself and / or with an anchoring means, which is arranged on the side of the counterplate facing away from the mounting plate, can be screwed.
Damit das Zugelement mit einem Verankerungselement zusammenwirken kann, das an der von der Aufnahmeplatte abgewandten Seite der Gegenplatte angeordnet ist, ist eine Ausnehmung der Gegenplatte notwendig, durch die das Zugelement hindurchdringt und wobei an der von der Aufnahmeplatte abgewandten Seite der Gegenplatte ein mit dem Zugelement verbindbares Verankerungselement angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Verankerungselement in einer bestimmten Ausrichtung zur Gegenplatte so groß, dass es nicht durch die Ausnehmung der Gegenplatte treten kann. Zudem sollte es in dieser Stellung auch mit dem durch die Ausnehmung der Gegenplatte hindurchstossenden Zugelement durch eine Drehbewegung verbindbar sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Verankerungselement eine zu dem Gewinde des Zugelements entsprechende Mutter, die eine Schraubverbindung mit dem am Ende des Zugelements angeordneten Gewinde (Schraubenvater) eingehen kann.So that the tension element can cooperate with an anchoring element which is arranged on the side of the counter plate facing away from the receiving plate, a recess of the counter plate is necessary, through which the tension element penetrates and with a connectable to the tension element on the side of the counter plate facing away from the receiving plate Anchoring element is arranged. The anchoring element is preferably so large in a specific orientation to the counterplate that it cannot pass through the recess in the counterplate. In addition, in this position it should also be able to be connected to the tension element passing through the recess in the counterplate by means of a rotary movement. The anchoring element is preferably a nut corresponding to the thread of the tension element, which nut can form a screw connection with the thread (screw father) arranged at the end of the tension element.
Vorzugsweise liegt das Drehsicherungselement auf der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte auf. Dadurch ist das Drehsicherungselement in besonders einfacher Weise von einer Rotation abzuhalten. Typischerweise ist das Verankerungselement durch das zu gießende Fundament starr angeordnet.The anti-rotation element preferably lies on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate. As a result, the anti-rotation element can be prevented from rotating in a particularly simple manner. The anchoring element is typically rigidly arranged by the foundation to be cast.
Nach einem optionalen Merkmal der Erfindung entspricht der Innenquerschnitt des Durchgangslochs in einem Abschnitt einem Rundloch, einem Dreikant, einem Vierkant, einem Fünfkant, einem Sechskant, einem Siebenkant, einem Achtkant, einem Neunkant, einem Zehnkant, einem Elfkant oder einem Zwölfkant.According to an optional feature of the invention, the inner cross section of the through hole corresponds in one section to a round hole, a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, a hexagon, an octagon, a hexagon, a decagon, an elf or a twelve.
Weiter vorzugsweise ist an dem Zugelement ein Gewinde an seinem zur Aufnahmeplatte nahen Ende vorhanden, das zu einem Verspannmittel eingreifbar ausgebildet ist. Hierbei ist es von Vorteil, wenn das Verspannmittel ein zu dem Gewinde an dem zur Aufnahmeplatte nahen Ende des Zugelements passendes Gewinde aufweist, um das Zugelement zwischen Aufnahmeplatte und Gegenplatte zu verspannen. Hierfür wird vorteilhafterweise eine Mutter verwendet, die auf den aus dem Hohlrohr in Richtung der Aufnahmeplatte hervorstehenden Abschnitt des Zugelements aufgesetzt wird, so dass das an der Gegenplatte verankerte Zugelement durch ein Drehen der Mutter in Richtung der Aufnahmeplatte zwischen Aufnahmeplatte und Gegenplatte verspannt wird. Hierbei ist es nicht notwendig, dass das Verspannmittel unmittelbar auf der Aufnahmeplatte aufliegt. Vielmehr kann es von Vorteil sein, dass das Verspanmittel das Bauteil ist, das am nächsten an dem aus der Aufnahmeplatte herausragenden Ende des Zugelements angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Verspannmittel mit einer Scheibe versehen, die die von dem Verspannmittel ausgeübten Kräfte gleichmäßig verteilt.Further preferably, there is a thread on the pull element at its end close to the mounting plate, which is designed to be engageable with a tensioning means. It is advantageous here if the tensioning means has a thread that matches the thread on the end of the tension element that is close to the mounting plate, in order to tension the tension element between the mounting plate and counterplate. For this purpose, a nut is advantageously used, which is based on the section of the tension element protruding from the hollow tube in the direction of the receiving plate, so that the tension element anchored to the counterplate is clamped between the receiving plate and counterplate by turning the nut in the direction of the receiving plate. It is not necessary for the tensioning means to rest directly on the mounting plate. Rather, it can be advantageous that the clamping means is the component that is arranged closest to the end of the tension element that protrudes from the mounting plate. The tensioning means is preferably provided with a disk which distributes the forces exerted by the tensioning means evenly.
Darüber hinaus ist vorteilhafterweise ferner ein Verspannmittel an der Vorrichtung denkbar, das in Eingriff mit dem Zugelement steht und das Drehsicherungselement in Richtung der Seite der Aufnahmeplatte drängt, die von der Gegenplatte abgewandt ist. Hierdurch wird ein Verspannen des Zugelements in einer besonders einfachen Art und Weise ermöglicht. Vorzugsweise ist das Verspannmittel eine Mutter mit oder ohne Beilegscheibe, die das Drehsicherungselement in Richtung der Aufnahmeplatte drückt. Vorzugsweise umfasst das Drehsicherungselement ein Innenteil, das mit der Außenkontur des Zugelements direkt in Verbindung steht.In addition, a bracing means on the device is advantageously also conceivable, which is in engagement with the tension element and urges the anti-rotation element in the direction of the side of the receiving plate which faces away from the counterplate. This enables the tension element to be braced in a particularly simple manner. The tensioning means is preferably a nut with or without a washer, which presses the anti-rotation element in the direction of the receiving plate. The anti-rotation element preferably comprises an inner part which is directly connected to the outer contour of the tension element.
Durch Vorsehen einer mehrgliedrigen Ausführung des Drehsicherungselements ist es möglich, Teile, die einen größeren Verschleiß oder einer größeren Arbeitsbeanspruchung unterliegen, unabhängig von Teilen des Drehsicherungselements zu tauschen, die einem geringeren Verschleiß unterliegen. So ist das Innenteil, das mit der Außenkontur eines Zugelements in Verbindung steht relativ verschleißarm, wohingegen das Außenteil des Drehsicherungselements an dem typischerweise ein Verspannmittel aufliegt, öfters ausgetauscht werden muss. Insgesamt führt dies zu einem geringeren Kostenanfall, da ein unabhängiges Austauschen der beiden Teile (Innenteil und Außenteil) möglich ist. Zudem ist die Fertigung der beiden voneinander getrennten Teile weniger aufwendig als die Fertigung eines diese beiden Teile enthaltenden Kombinationsteils.By providing a multi-unit design of the anti-rotation element, it is possible to replace parts that are subject to greater wear or greater work stress independently of parts of the anti-rotation element that are subject to less wear. The inner part, which is connected to the outer contour of a tension element, is relatively low-wear, whereas the outer part of the anti-rotation element, on which a tensioning means typically rests, has to be replaced frequently. Overall, this leads to a lower cost because an independent exchange of the two parts (inner part and outer part) is possible. In addition, the manufacture of the two separate parts is less complex than the manufacture of a combination part containing these two parts.
In dieser Variante ist das Innenteil vorzugsweise ein Spannelement, das durch eine Klemmverbindung drehstarr an die Außenkontur des Zugelements angebracht werden kann. Die Klemmverbindung kann durch zwei jeweils circa die Hälfte eines Umfangsabschnitts des Zugelements umgebenden Klemmverbindungselemente ausgeführt sein, die durch eine Schraub- und/oder Spannverbindung an dem Zugelement derart befestigt werden, dass eine Drehung des Zugelements unabhängig von einer Drehung der Klemmverbindung nicht mehr ausführbar ist. Weiter vorzugsweise kann die Klemmverbindung auch mit Hilfe einer Schraubverbindung, mit der beide Klemmverbindungselemente aufeinanderzubewegbar sind, ausgeführt werden.In this variant, the inner part is preferably a tensioning element which can be attached to the outer contour of the tension element in a rotationally rigid manner by means of a clamping connection. The clamp connection can be implemented by two clamp connection elements each surrounding about half of a peripheral section of the tension element, which are fastened to the tension element by a screw and / or tension connection in such a way that a rotation of the tension element can no longer be carried out independently of a rotation of the clamp connection. More preferably, the clamp connection can also be carried out with the aid of a screw connection with which the two clamp connection elements can be moved towards one another.
Dabei kann das Zugelement als eine Gewindestange ausgeführt sein, die vorzugsweise in ihren beiden Enden eine kleinere Querschnittsfläche aufweist als in einem die beiden Enden verbindenden Abschnitt. Dadurch wird beim Ausüben einer Drehbewegung des Zugelements, beziehungsweise der daraus resultierenden Torsionsmomente, einer Beschädigung des Zugelements in dem mit dem größeren Querschnitt versehenden Abschnitt vorgegriffen.The tension element can be designed as a threaded rod, which preferably has a smaller cross-sectional area in its two ends than in a section connecting the two ends. As a result, damage to the tensile element in the section provided with the larger cross section is anticipated when a rotational movement of the tensile element or the resulting torsional moments is exerted.
Zudem ist es von Vorteil, wenn das Zugelement an seinen beiden Enden eine kreisförmige Querschnittsfläche aufweist und in einem zwischen den beiden Enden liegenden Abschnitt eine davon verschiedene Querschnittsfläche aufweist. So ist es möglich, dass an beiden Enden des Zugelements Gewinde vorhanden sind, das zum einen mit einem Verankerungselement beziehungsweise der Gegenplatte in ein Gegengewinde einschraubbar ist und zum anderen mit dem Verspannmittel verbindbar ist.It is also advantageous if the tension element has a circular cross-sectional area at its two ends and a cross-sectional area that is different therefrom in a section lying between the two ends. It is thus possible for threads to be present at both ends of the tension element, which thread can be screwed into a counter thread on the one hand with an anchoring element or the counterplate and on the other hand can be connected to the tensioning means.
Vorzugsweise weist das Zugelement in einem mit der Gegenplatte verankerten Zustand auf der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte einen Abschnitt auf, der in seinem Querschnitt einem Rundloch, einem Dreikant, einem Vierkant, einem Fünfkant, einem Sechskant, einem Siebenkant, einem Achtkant, einem Neunkant, einem Zehnkant, einem Elfkant oder einem Zwölfkant entspricht. Darüber hinaus ist jeder Querschnitt des Zugelements von Vorteil, der nicht punktsymmetrisch ist. Hierbei ist nämlich ein Aufsetzen eines entsprechend ausgeformten Durchgangslochs eines Drehsicherungselements, das drehstarr fixiert ist, dazu in der Lage, eine Drehung des Zugelements auch ohne Klemmverbindung von Zugelement und Drehsicherungselement zu unterbinden.In a state anchored to the counterplate on the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate, the tension element preferably has a section which has a round hole, a triangle, a square, a pentagon, a hexagon, a hexagon, an octagon, in cross section Neunkant, a decagon, an elf or a twelve. In addition, any cross-section of the tension element that is not point-symmetrical is advantageous. This is because a correspondingly shaped one is attached Through hole of an anti-rotation element, which is fixed in a rotationally rigid manner, is able to prevent rotation of the tension element even without a clamping connection of tension element and anti-rotation element.
Vorteilhafterweise ist ebenfalls denkbar, dass die Aufnahmeplatte einen Zapfen und/oder eine Zapfenaufnahme zum Befestigen der Arbeitsmaschine aufweist, wobei der Zapfen und/oder die Zapfenaufnahme senkrecht von der von der Gegenplatte abgewandten Seite der Aufnahmeplatte absteht. Der Zapfen und/oder die Zapfenaufnahme stellen Verbindungselemente dar, mit Hilfe der die zu sichernde Arbeitsmaschine mit der Verankerungsvorrichtung verbindbar ist. Dem Fachmann ist klar, dass solche Zapfen/Zapfenaufnahmen viele verschiedene Ausgestaltungen annehmen können, ohne ihre grundsätzliche Wirkung zu verlieren.It is also advantageously conceivable that the receiving plate has a pin and / or a pin receptacle for fastening the working machine, the pin and / or the pin receptacle projecting perpendicularly from the side of the receiving plate facing away from the counterplate. The peg and / or the peg receptacle represent connecting elements with which the machine to be secured can be connected to the anchoring device. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that such tenons / tenon receptacles can take on many different configurations without losing their basic effect.
Darüber hinaus offenbart die vorliegende Verbindung ein Verfahren zur Verankerung einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament mit einer Vorrichtung nach einer der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungen, wobei die Vorrichtung vollständig außerhalb des Einsatzortes vormontiert und am Einsatzort positioniert und ausgerichtet wird, bevor das Fundament gegossen wird.In addition, the present connection discloses a method for anchoring a work machine to a foundation with a device according to one of the embodiments described above, the device being completely preassembled outside the place of use and being positioned and aligned at the place of use before the foundation is poured.
Ferner offenbart die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Demontage einer Ankervorrichtung nach einer der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungen, in dem ein Verspannmittel, vorzugsweise eine Mutter, das in Eingriff mit einem Zugelement steht, gelöst wird, ein Drehsicherungselement, das in einem montierten Zustand das Zugelement drehstarr fixiert, abgehoben und/oder demontiert wird und eine Drehbewegung des Zugelements ausgeführt wird um eine Verankerungsverbindung mit einer Gegenplatte oder mit einem das Zugelement an der Gegenplatte verankernden Verankerungselement zu lösen.Furthermore, the present invention discloses a method for dismantling an anchor device according to one of the embodiments described above, in which a tensioning means, preferably a nut, which is in engagement with a tension element, is released, an anti-rotation element which, in an assembled state, fixes the tension element in a rotationally rigid manner , is lifted and / or disassembled and a rotary movement of the tension element is carried out in order to release an anchoring connection with a counterplate or with an anchoring element anchoring the tension element on the counterplate.
Weitere Vorteile und Eigenschaften der Erfindung werden anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 2:
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Verankerungsvorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 2a:
- ein Drehsicherungselement der zweiten Ausführungsform in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2b:
- eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung ohne Verspannmittel,
- Fig. 3:
- eine dritte Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 3a:
- eine Draufsicht auf das Drehsicherungselement der dritten Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung,
- Fig. 3b:
- eine Draufsicht auf die dritte Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung ohne Verspannmittel,
- Fig.4:
- eine vierte Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 4a:
- eine Draufsicht auf das Drehsicherungselement der vierten Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 4b:
- eine Draufsicht auf die vierte Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung ohne Verspannmittel,
- Fig. 5:
- eine Gesamtdarstellung des Verankerungsprinzips mit der vierten Ausführungsform anhand einer Seitenansicht, und
- Fig. 6:
- eine Schrägansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
- Fig. 1:
- a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in a side view,
- Fig. 2:
- a second embodiment of an anchoring device in a side view,
- Fig. 2a:
- a rotation lock element of the second embodiment in a plan view,
- Fig. 2b:
- a plan view of the second embodiment of the anchoring device without tensioning means,
- Fig. 3:
- a third embodiment of the anchoring device in a side view,
- Fig. 3a:
- a plan view of the anti-rotation element of the third embodiment of the anchoring device,
- 3b:
- a plan view of the third embodiment of the anchoring device without tensioning means,
- Figure 4:
- a fourth embodiment of the anchoring device in a side view,
- Fig. 4a:
- a plan view of the anti-rotation element of the fourth embodiment,
- Fig. 4b:
- a plan view of the fourth embodiment of the anchoring device without tensioning means,
- Fig. 5:
- an overall view of the anchoring principle with the fourth embodiment based on a side view, and
- Fig. 6:
- an oblique view of the device according to the invention.
Im nachfolgenden Teil werden verschiedene erfindungsgemäße Ausführungen der Vorrichtung zum Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament vorgestellt. Die Verankerung in einem Ortbetonfundament soll die auftretenden Druck- und Zugkräfte in das Fundament einleiten.In the following part, various designs according to the invention of the device for anchoring a work machine to a foundation are presented. Anchoring in an in-situ concrete foundation is intended to introduce the compressive and tensile forces that occur into the foundation.
Darüber hinaus ist ein Drehsicherungselement 5 zu sehen, das in dieser Ausführung durch die Aufnahmeplatte 1 verkörpert ist. Das Drehsicherungselement 5 bzw. die Aufnahmeplatte 1 weist beispielsweise ein Durchgangsloch auf, dessen Querschnittsform einem Sechskant entspricht. Darüber hinaus weist auch das Zugelement 4 in dem durch das Durchgangsloch des Drehsicherungselements 5 bzw. der Aufnahmeplatte 1 verlaufenden Abschnitt eine entsprechende Außenkontur (im Beispiel ein Sechskant) auf, so dass bei entsprechender Ausrichtung der beiden Bauteile eine Rotation des Zugelements 4 bei einer ortsfesten Anordnung des Drehsicherungselements 5 bzw. Aufnahmeplatte ausgeschlossen ist.In addition, an
Vorzugsweise wird, um Zugkräfte auf das Element 4 einleiten zu können, zudem ein Verspannmittel 10 auf ein Gewinde des Zugelements 4 geschraubt, wobei das Gewinde nahe einem Endabschnitt des Zugelements 4 angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass das Zugelement 4 zwischen Gegenplatte 2 und einer Stabilisierungsplatte 14 verspannt wird. Zugkräfte, die in dieser Ausführungsform direkt von dem Stabilisierungsplatte 14 an das Zugelement 4 über das Verspannmittel 10 weitergegeben werden, können somit gut abgeleitet werden.In order to be able to introduce tensile forces onto the
Die Stabilisierungsplatte 14 besitzt ein rundes Durchgangsloch, durch welches das Zugelement 4 hindurchritt. Dabei weist das Zugelement 4 in dem Bereich, der durch die Stabilisierungsplatte 14 tritt, ebenfalls einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf. Erst im Übergang von der Stabilisierungsplatte 14 und der Aufnahmeplatte1 bzw. dem Drehsicherungselement 5 ändert sich der Querschnitt des Zugelements 4 hin zu einem Sechskant. Die Stabilisierungsplatte 14 mit seinem Durchgangsloch dient zum Führen, Stabilisieren und Halten des Zugelements 4The stabilizing
Im Gegensatz zur ersten Ausführungsform liegt das Drehsicherungselement 5 nun auf der Aufnahmeplatte 1 auf und ist nicht durch die Aufnahmeplatte 1 verkörpert. Das Drehsicherungselement 5 weist ein Durchgangsloch auf, durch das das Zugelement 4 verläuft, und besitzt eine Innenquerschnittsfläche, die im Wesentlichen der Außenkontur des Zugelements 4 in diesem Bereich entspricht. Es ist jedoch anzumerken, dass das Drehsicherungselement 5 seine Innenquerschnittsfläche von kreisförmig zu einem Sechskant im Verlauf auf die Aufnahmeplatte 1 hin ändert. Zudem sind Arretiermittel 8 an der Aufnahmeplatte 1 ortsfest angeordnet, die eine Rotation des Drehsicherungselements 5 beziehungsweise des damit in Wirkverbindung stehenden Zugelements 4 unterbinden. Sollte also aufgrund einer von außen herrührenden Krafteinwirkung eine Rotationskraft entlang der Längsachse des Zugelements ausgeübt werden, so wirkt die Anordnung aus Drehsicherungselement 5 und Arretiermittel 8 dieser entgegen und verhindert eine Drehung des Zugelements 4. Dadurch ist ein ungewolltes Lösen des Zugelements 4 auch bei Fehlern während des Vorspannvorgangs von dem Verankerungselement 9 nicht möglich.In contrast to the first embodiment, the
Das Drehsicherungselement 5 in zwei Teile unterteilbar. Einen Innenteil 52 und einen diesen umgebenden Außenteil 51. Das an das Verspannmittel 10 angrenzende Außenteil 51 weist ein Durchgangsloch 7 auf, das einer kreisförmigen Bohrung entspricht. In diesem Abschnitt wird das Zugelement 4 mit seinem Gewindeabschnitt durchgeführt.The
Darüber hinaus umfasst diese Ausführungsform eine für alle Ausführungsformen optionale Beilegscheibe 13, die zwischen Verspannmittel 10 und Drehsicherungselement 5 angeordnet ist. Dies hat den Vorteil einer gleichmäßigen Kraftübertragung des Verspannmittels 10 auf das Drehsicherungselement 5.In addition, this embodiment comprises a
Das Drehsicherungselement 5 der dritten Ausführungsform besteht aus einem Innenteil 52 und einem an diesen angrenzenden Außenteil 51, der eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in die das Innenteil 52 einbringbar ist.The
Vorteilhaft an dieser Ausführungsform ist die einfache Fertigung der einzelnen Bestandteile des Drehsicherungselements 5.The advantage of this embodiment is the simple manufacture of the individual components of the
Wie in der Draufsicht auf das Innenteil 52 gezeigt, weist das Innenteil 52 ein Durchgangsloch 7 auf, das im Wesentlichen der Außenkontur des Zugelements 4 entspricht. Hierbei ist kein fertigungstechnisch aufwendiger Übergang verschiedenförmiger Querschnittsflächen in dem Durchgangsloch 7 vorzusehen. Vielmehr kann das Außenteil 51 eine kreisförmige Durchgangsbohrung aufweisen, durch die das Zugelement 4 durchgeführt wird. Die Drehsicherung wird dann durch das Innenteil 52 erlangt, das in einer Wirkverbindung mit dem Zugelement 4 steht. Die Wirkverbindung wird über das Außenteil 51 auf das Arretiermittel 8 übertragen.As shown in the top view of the
Um ein Lösen des Zugelements 4 von dem Verankerungselement 9 zu erleichtern, ist an dem von der Gegenplatte 2 abgewandten Ende des Zugelements 4 eine zu einem Kreis verschiedene Querschnittsform vorgesehen, die der Einfachheit halber mit einem Hebelwerkzeug in Eingriff bringbar ist. Damit können größere Kräfte zur Drehung des Zugelements 4 beziehungsweise zum Lösen der Verankerungsverbindung mit dem Verankerungselement 9 aufgebracht werden.In order to facilitate detachment of the
Zudem erkennt man an der Aufnahmeplatte 1 angeformte Zapfenaufnahmen 11, die zur Verbindung mit einer Arbeitsmaschine verwendet werden.In addition, can be seen on the mounting
Bei einem Verfahren zum Verankern einer Arbeitsmaschine an einem Fundament wird die Vorrichtung außerhalb des Einsatzortes vormontiert und am Einsatzort positioniert und ausgerichtet, bevor das Fundament 6 gegossen wird.In a method for anchoring a work machine to a foundation, the device is preassembled outside the place of use and positioned and aligned at the place of use before the foundation 6 is cast.
Bei einer Demontage der Verankerung ist das Verspannmittel 10, das das Zugelement 4 mit der Gegenplatte 2 verspannt, zu lösen, sämtliche auf dem Zugelement 4 aufgesteckten Bauteile, wie das Drehsicherungselement 5, das auch mehrteilig ausgeführt sein kann, von dem Zugelement abzunehmen und in einem nächsten Arbeitsschritt die Aufnahmeplatte von dem Fundament abzuheben. Zudem kann das Zugelement durch Ausführen einer Drehbewegung von dem Verankerungsmittel 9 gelöst werden und bei einem erneuten Aufbau einer Verankerungsvorrichtung wieder verwendet werden.When the anchoring is disassembled, the tensioning means 10, which braces the
Claims (14)
- An apparatus for anchoring a work machine to a foundation (6) comprising:a mounting plate (1) for placing on a foundation (6);a counter-plate (2) for casting in the foundation (6);a hollow pipe (3) that connects the mounting plate (1) to the counter-plate (2) and that is accessible toward its inner side from the side of the mounting plate (1) remote from the counter-plate (2); anda tensile element (4) for introduction into the hollow pipe (3), wherein the tensile element (4) is releasably anchorable to the counter-plate (2) by a rotational movement, andan element providing security against rotation (5) that is connected to an outer contour of the tensile element (4) and arranges it in a rotationally fixed manner,characterized in thatthe element providing security against rotation (5) is arranged at the side of the mounting plate (1) remote from the counter-plate (2) or is formed by the mounting plate (1),with the element providing security against rotation (5) comprising a passage hole (7) whose inner cross-section corresponds to an outer cross-section of the tensile element (4), andwith a locking means (8) for a rotationally rigid fixing of the element providing security against rotation (5) or of the tensile element (4) operatively connected therewith being provided that is arranged in a fixed position on the side of the mounting plate (1) remote from the counter-plate (2).
- An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the inner cross-section of the passage hole (7) corresponds in a section to a round hole, to a three-angled form, to a four-angled form, to a five-angled form, to a six-angled form, to a seven-angled form, to an eight-angled form, to a nine-angled form, to a ten-angled form, to an eleven-angled form or to a twelve-angled form.
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking means (8) is a stop bar.
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile element (4) has a thread at the end close to the counter-plate (2), said thread being connectable by a rotational movement to the counter-plate (2) itself and/or to an anchoring element (9) that is arranged at the side of the counter-plate (2) remote from the mounting plate (1).
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the element providing security against rotation (5) lies on the side of the mounting plate (1) remote from the counter-plate (2).
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile element (4) has a thread at its end close to the mounting plate (1), said thread being formed as engageable to a clamping means (10).
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, further comprising a clamping means (10), preferably a nut, that is in engagement with the tensile element (4) and urges the element providing security against rotation (5) in the direction of the side of the mounting plate (1) that is remote from the counter-plate (2).
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the element providing security against rotation (5) comprises an inner part (52) that is directly connected to the outer contour of the tensile element (4) and comprises an outer part (51) adjacent to the inner part (52).
- An apparatus in accordance with claim 8, wherein the inner part (52) that is directly connected to the outer contour of the tensile element (4) is a clamping element (521) that can be rotationally rigidly attached to the outer contour of the tensile element (4) by a clamp connection.
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile element (4) is a threaded bar that preferably has a smaller cross-sectional area in its two ends than in a section connecting the two ends.
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile element (4) has a section at the side of the mounting plate (1) remote from the counter-plate (2) in a state anchored to the counter-plate (2) whose cross-section corresponds to a circle, to a three-angled form, to a four-angled form, to a five-angled form, to a six-angled form, to a seven-angled form, to an eight-angled form, to a nine-angled form, to a ten-angled form, to an eleven-angled form or to a twelve-angled form.
- An apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting plate (1) has a pin and/or a pin mount (11) for fastening the work machine, wherein the pin and/or the pin mount (11) projects perpendicular from the side of the mounting plate (1) remote from the counter-plate (2).
- A method of anchoring a work machine to a foundation (6) with an apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein the apparatus is preassembled completely outside the site of operation and is positioned and aligned at the site of operation before the foundation (6) is cast.
- A method of dismantling an anchoring apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1-12, comprising:releasing a clamping means (10), preferably a nut, that is in engagement with a tensile element (4);lifting and/or dismantling an element providing security against rotation (5) that rotationally rigidly fixes the tensile element (4) in an assembled state; andcarrying out a rotational movement of the tensile element (4) to release an anchoring connection to a counter-plate (2) or to an anchoring element (9) anchoring the tensile element (4) to the counter-plate (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015004828.7A DE102015004828A1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-04-14 | Foundation anchoring for working machine |
PCT/EP2016/000574 WO2016165816A1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-04-07 | Foundation anchoring for a working machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3283694A1 EP3283694A1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
EP3283694B1 true EP3283694B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
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EP16715796.5A Active EP3283694B1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-04-07 | Foundation anchoring for a working machine |
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US (1) | US10358786B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3283694B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107438688B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015004828A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016165816A1 (en) |
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US20190257075A1 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-22 | Joseph W. Ball | Anchor bolt assembly and arrangement for concrete foundation designs |
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- 2016-04-07 US US15/565,926 patent/US10358786B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2016165816A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
EP3283694A1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
DE102015004828A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
CN107438688B (en) | 2020-11-03 |
US20180106009A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
CN107438688A (en) | 2017-12-05 |
US10358786B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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