EP3280006A1 - Antenne à double polarisation - Google Patents

Antenne à double polarisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3280006A1
EP3280006A1 EP16182533.6A EP16182533A EP3280006A1 EP 3280006 A1 EP3280006 A1 EP 3280006A1 EP 16182533 A EP16182533 A EP 16182533A EP 3280006 A1 EP3280006 A1 EP 3280006A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductors
radiating arrangement
dual polarized
polarized antenna
radiating
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Pending
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EP16182533.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dual polarized directional antennas emitting or receiving two orthogonal polarizations such as vertical and horizontal or two 45 degrees slants polarizations.
  • the invention describes a dual polarized antenna having 55-75 degree half power beam width.
  • US4184163 describes a broad band dual polarized antenna wherein dipole arms are made of metal loops having a ring or square frame.
  • US5481272 , US5952983 , US6028563 and US6072439 describe several types of dipoles including folded grid dipoles, bow tie dipoles, and dipoles with an attached printed circuit board balun.
  • US5940044 describes a dual slant polarized antenna having approximately 65 degrees half power beam width in the horizontal plane.
  • This antenna includes a plurality of dipole sub-arrays with each sub-array comprising four dipoles arranged in a diamond shape. Two dipoles of each sub-array are tilted at an angle of +45 degrees from the long edge of the ground plate to form a +45 degree polarized radiating element array. The other two dipoles are arranged at an angle -45 degrees from the long edge of the ground plate to form a -45 degree polarized radiating element array.
  • the dipoles are arranged such that the phase centers of one +45 degree dipole and one -45 degree element line up along a first vertical line which is parallel to the long edge of a ground plate.
  • the main disadvantage of this dipole square is the complicated feed network. For example, four cables have to be used for feeding the dipoles.
  • EP0973231A2 , US6333720B1 , US6529172B2 and US2010/0309084A1 describe radiators having a dipole square shape. Baluns of the same dipoles are tilted to the center of the dipole square to simplify manufacturing. In spite of this new shape, these devices are still complicated.
  • US6313809B1 describes a dual polarized radiator comprising four dipoles preferably arranged above a reflector and forming a dipole square structurally in the top view. Each dipole is fed by means of a symmetrical line characterized by the following features.
  • the radiator radiates electrically in polarizations at an angle of +45 or -45 degrees to the structurally prescribed alignment of dipoles.
  • the ends of symmetrical lines leading to the respective dipole halves are connected in such a way that the corresponding line halves of the adjacent, mutually perpendicular dipole halves are always electrically connected.
  • the electric feeding of the respectively diametrically opposite dipole halves is performed in a decoupled fashion for a first polarization and a second polarization orthogonal thereto.
  • WO2007/114620A1 describes a dual polarized radiator comprising four folded dipoles preferably arranged in the same way as dipoles of the radiator described in US6313809B1 .
  • Other modifications of a dipole square formed by four folded dipoles are described in CN101707292A , CN201430215Y , CN202178382U , and CN202004160U .
  • Folded dipoles coupled with a dipole square by capacitive coupling are described in CN102377007A , CN201117803Y , CN201117803Y and CN101505007A .
  • radiators containing four usual or folded dipoles arranged as a dipole square provide good patterns at a frequency band up to 30% but need a wide ground plate to provide a good front to back ratio. Its radiating arrangements are placed above a ground plate on a distance about 0.25 wave length corresponding to the middle operating frequency therefore known radiators have big dimensions.
  • Folded dipoles formed by a connective portion and connected to oscillator arms act as a dipole square, as described in WO 2007/114620A1 .
  • the dual polarization broadband antenna having a radiating arrangement containing four folded dipoles is described in US2009/0179814 A1 , and one such radiator is shown in Fig. 1 as the prior art.
  • Modern wireless communication systems need high quality antennas having small dimensions and providing high quality patterns having big cross polarization ratio and big front to back ratio.
  • Known dual polarized antennas contain wide ground plates to provide big front to back ratio therefore ones have big dimensions.
  • the first objective of the invention is to decrease dimensions of an antenna.
  • the second objective of the invention is to create a small antenna having the same cross polarization ratio and front to back ratio as known antennas having big dimensions.
  • the third objective of the invention is to create a small antenna having a good matching with feeding cables.
  • the invention provides a dual polarized antenna including the radiating arrangement and conductive members supporting the radiating arrangement above a ground plate and forming two perpendicular baluns.
  • the radiating arrangement excited by two coaxial cables placed in the middle of the radiating arrangement radiates two mutually perpendicular linear electrical fields having E vectors directed parallel to the diagonals of the radiating arrangement.
  • the present invention describes the radiating arrangement containing four folded dipoles feeding by four symmetrical lines. Adjacent conductors of symmetrical lines are connected together in the middle of the radiating arrangement.
  • a ground plate of the present invention is smaller than a ground plate of known antennas.
  • the radiating arrangement of the present invention is placed on a smaller distance above a ground plate than radiating arrangements of known antennas and contains additional conductors placed between ends of folded dipoles and above its middle part. These conductors improve front to back ratio and cross polarization ratio and match the radiating arrangement with feeding coaxial cables.
  • Fig. 1 is a dual polarized broadband antenna from the prior art ( US2009/0179814 A1 ), having a radiating arrangement containing four folded dipoles feeding by four symmetrical lines. Adjacent conductors of symmetrical lines connected together at the center of the radiating arrangement. This antenna excited by two coaxial cables placed in the middle of the radiating arrangement radiates two mutually perpendicular linear electrical fields having E vectors directed parallel to the diagonals of the radiating arrangement.
  • Fig. 2 shows the first embodiment of the present invention containing a radiating arrangement made as a printed board circuit and supported by two perpendicular baluns above a ground plate 1 on a perspective view.
  • a ground plate 1 has smaller dimensions than ground plates of known antennas.
  • Four folded dipoles 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d feeding by four symmetrical lines 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are placed on a bottom surface of a dielectric substrate 2 shown on Fig. 3 .
  • the first balun is formed by supporting conductor 3a and outer conductor 4a of a coaxial cable connected to base plate 5.
  • the second balun is formed by supporting conductor 3b and outer conductor 4b of a coaxial cable connected to a base coductive plate 5.
  • the length of supporting conductor 3a and 3b is less than 0.15wave length corresponding to the middle operating frequency.
  • Bottom ends of supporting conductor 3a, 3b and bottom ends of outer conductor 4a, 4b are connected to a base 5.
  • a top conductive plate 6 is supported by dielectric spacers 7 above a dielectric substrate 2.
  • a base 5 is separated from a ground plate 1 by an insulating dielectric film 8 and fixed to a ground plate by plastic rivets 9.
  • An insulating dielectric film 8 provides only capacitive coupling between a base plate 5 and a ground plate 1. Therefore this embodiment does not produce passive inter-modulation products created by metal to metal junctions.
  • Conductors 10 are placed at corners of a substrate 2 and directed to a ground plate 1. Side walls 11 are placed at edges of a substrate 2.
  • Fig. 3 shows the bottom surface of a dielectric substrate 2 containing four folded dipoles 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d fed by four symmetrical lines 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d respectively.
  • Four conductors 12 are placed on the bottom surface of a dielectric substrate 2 between ends of folded dipoles. Each conductor 12 is connected to one of conductors 10.
  • Top end of supporting conductor 3a is connected to adjacent conductors of symmetrical lines 22c and 22d.
  • Top end of supporting conductor 3b is connected to adjacent conductors of symmetrical lines 22a and 22d.
  • Top end of outer conductor of coaxial cable 4a is connected to adjacent conductors of symmetrical lines 22a and 22b.
  • Top end of outer conductor of coaxial cable 4b is connected to adjacent conductors of symmetrical lines 22b and 22d.
  • Fig. 4 shows the top view of a dielectric substrate 2 without a top conductive plate 6.
  • Inner conductors 14a and 14b of coaxial cables 4a and 4b are connected to top ends of supporting conductors 3a and 3b by conductive bridges 15a and 15b respectively.
  • Conductors 10 have capacitive coupling with ends of folded dipoles and with a ground plate 1 therefore RF currents flows along conductors 10 and creates radiation directed along a ground plate with E vectors directed perpendicular to a ground plate. This radiation increases beam width in E plane and partly suppress radiation from folded dipole in back direction.
  • Conductors 12 connected to conductors 10 increase capacitive coupling of conductors 10 with ends of folded dipoles.
  • conductors 10 and 12 increase front to back ratio of an antenna and create radiation with E vectors directed perpendicular to a ground plate.
  • This radiation increases cross polarization ratio at the edges of +/-60 degree sector.
  • an antenna with a small ground plate has the same front to back ratio and cross polarization ratio at the edges of +/-60 degree sector as known antennas having a big ground plate.
  • Conductive bridges 15a and 15b excite a top conductive plate 6.
  • Dimensions of a top conductive plate 6 are smaller than dimensions of folded dipoles therefore one radiates at high frequencies of operating frequency band.
  • Phase of radiation from a top conductive plate 6 is different from phase of radiation from folded dipoles since ones are excited by ends of symmetrical lines.
  • At high frequencies of operating frequency band difference between phases is enough to partly suppress radiation from folded dipoles. Therefore radiation from a top conductive plate 6 increase beam width of an antenna at high frequencies of operating frequency band.
  • beam width of an antenna having a distance between dipoles and a ground plate less than 0.15 wave length corresponding to the middle operating frequency has the same dependence versus frequency known antennas having this distance about 0.25 wave length corresponding to the middle operating frequency.
  • a top conductive plate 6 together with conductors 10 and 12 create reflection partly suppressing reflection from folded dipoles.
  • an antenna having a distance between dipoles and a ground plate less than 0.15 wave length corresponding to the middle operating frequency has the same matching width feeding cables as known antennas having this distance about 0.25 wave length corresponding to the middle operating frequency.
  • Fig. 5 shows the second embodiment of the present invention where a radiating arrangement including folded dipoles 31a, 31b, 31c and 31 d connected with symmetrical lines 32a, 32b 32c and 32d and two perpendicular baluns made as one part by die-casting on a perspective view.
  • the first balun is formed by supporting conductor 33a and outer conductor 34a of a coaxial cable connected to base plate 35.
  • the second balun is formed by supporting conductor 33b and outer conductor 34b of a coaxial cable connected to base plate 35.
  • Conductors 30 are supported between ends of folded dipoles by dielectric spacers 36. Each conductor 30 is bent at right angle. One its part is placed in dielectric spacers 36 and other part directed towards a ground plate 37 therefore conductor 30 acts as conductors 10 and 12 in Fig.4 .
  • the second embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 5 provides the same advantages as the first embodiment but cheaper for manufacturing and can radiate more power.
  • Fig. 6 shows the other embodiment of the present invention where a radiating arrangement including folded dipoles 45a, 45b, 45c and 45d, connected with symmetrical lines and two perpendicular baluns made as one part by die-casting on a perspective view.
  • This dipole structure show on circle shape, A top conductive plate 43 is supported by dielectric spacers 42 above a radiating arrangement. Conductors 40 are supported between ends of folded dipoles by dielectric spacers 41. Each conductor 40 is bent at right angle. One its part is placed in dielectric spacers 41 and other part directed towards a ground plate 44 therefore conductor 40 acts as conductors 10 and 12 in Fig.4 also,The embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 6 provides the same advantages as Fig. 5 .
  • Fig. 7 shows the other embodiment of the present invention where a radiating arrangement including folded dipoles 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d, connected with symmetrical lines and two perpendicular baluns.
  • This dipole structure show the similar with the first embodiment of the present invention, but a top conductive plate (PCB patch) 51 is different with the first embodiment of the present invention, the top conductive plate 51 is made up of 51 a, 51 b, 51 c as one PCB part, the curve 51 a and 51 b without copper on FR4 curve, they are supports for 51 c part, 51 c is PCB, we can change the shape of 51 c according to our design for matching, it is very flexible for our matching in development, top conductive plate 51 as one parts is better than others, it is good for assembly ,and decrease the assembling time in MP. And reduce the cost.
  • PCB patch top conductive plate
  • a sample of the dual polarized antenna was designed according to the invention for 1710 to 2200 MHz frequency band. Folded dipoles were paced on dielectric substrate placed on distance 20 mm only above a ground plate having dimensions 120x120 mm. This antenna has 60-68 degree half power beam width and VSWR better than 1.2.
  • a sample of a +/-45 degree slant polarization antenna array containing four this antennas has cross section 45x120 mm only. In the 1710 to 2200 MHz frequency band this array has front to back ratio better than -28 dB for copolarization and better than -27 dB for cross polarization. Its cross polarization ratio is better than -25 dB at the main direction and -10 dB at the edges of +/-60 degree sector and VSWR better than 1.25.
  • the present invention provides a small antenna having the same specification as known antennas having bigger dimensions.
EP16182533.6A 2016-08-03 2016-08-03 Antenne à double polarisation Pending EP3280006A1 (fr)

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EP16182533.6A EP3280006A1 (fr) 2016-08-03 2016-08-03 Antenne à double polarisation

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16182533.6A EP3280006A1 (fr) 2016-08-03 2016-08-03 Antenne à double polarisation

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109193113A (zh) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-11 深圳市鑫龙通信技术有限公司 一种基站天线的双极化辐射单元
RU2691121C1 (ru) * 2018-06-09 2019-06-11 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение Измерительной техники" (АО "НПО ИТ") Двухполяризационная антенна

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CN109193113A (zh) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-11 深圳市鑫龙通信技术有限公司 一种基站天线的双极化辐射单元
CN109193113B (zh) * 2018-11-06 2024-01-16 深圳市鑫龙通信技术有限公司 一种基站天线的双极化辐射单元

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