Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
  • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
  • G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
  • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V20/00—Geomodelling in general
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
  • G01V2210/30—Noise handling
  • G01V2210/32—Noise reduction
  • G01V2210/324—Filtering
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
  • G01V2210/60—Analysis
  • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
  • G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
  • G01V2210/60—Analysis
  • G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
  • G01V2210/60—Analysis
  • G01V2210/66—Subsurface modeling
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
  • G01V2210/70—Other details related to processing
  • G01V2210/74—Visualisation of seismic data

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a tridimensional prototyping system and method of complex underground geological structures and/or underground reservoirs.
• the present invention also relates to a tridimensional prototyping method and method of complex underground geological structures and/or underground reservoirs.
• the invention relates to a system and a method of the above-mentioned type, researched and realised in particular for obtaining a tridimensional physical prototype of territorial sections directed in particular at representing complex underground geological structures also mineralised with hydrocarbons and/or underground hydrocarbon reservoirs, following an analysis of the territory using known seismic methods, but which can be used for any complex underground geological structure for which it is necessary to make a structural analysis and prototyping, such as for example aquifers, wells, faults and structures having structural sedimentological alternations.
• Methods at present available enable analysis of the underground area using known seismic methods, which exploit principles of reflection and refraction, and display the results of the data processing on a screen or on a two-dimensional surface.
• the programs at present available enable drawing and reproducing a virtual model of the reservoir in 3D, using physical properties obtained from core samples or logs from vertical wells, wells perforated in various places in the rock formation, and can include geological data.
• geological characteristics obtained from the processing of the above-mentioned available data are entered in input into a geological modelling program which produces a virtual geological 3D model in scale, usable by simulation programs of the models of the reservoirs.
• Prototyping methods are not known which enable faithfully reproducing a complex underground geological structure mineralised with hydrocarbons or an underground reservoir, comprising the strata relative to the aquifers, as the present data processing methods are not directed to the selecting and processing of the data that is strictly necessary for realising the tridimensional prototype.
• the prototypes are made using subtractive techniques of materials using lathes, millers and numerically-controlled machines. These subtractive techniques require long working times for realising the prototype, with a consequent use of resources.
• a further aim of the present invention is to adapt any type of tridimensional geological modelling data to a format compatible with any type of tridimensional printer.
• a further aim of the present invention is to realise a system and a method for printing a single out-of-scale model of an underground reservoir, such as for example a reservoir of oil, gas, oil and sand, in a simple and representative way, for enabling physically accessing the reservoir.
• a specific object of the present invention is a tridimensional prototyping system of complex underground geological structures and/or underground reservoirs comprising: at least an acquisition unit, to acquire data relating to the physical structure of at least a hydrocarbon-mineralised underground geological structure or at least an underground reservoir from an outer scanning device; a processing or filtering unit, operatively connected to the acquisition unit, for removing superfluous data from said data in output from said acquisition unit; a conversion unit, operationally linked to said filtering unit, in order to convert said data in output from said filtering unit into a format compatible with an external tridimensional mechanical modelling module and for sending said data into said external tridimensional mechanical modelling module which outputs final printable data; and a logic control unit linked to said acquisition unit, processing or filtering unit and conversion unit, which coordinates the data exchange among said acquisition unit, filtering unit, conversion unit and said external tridimensional mechanical modelling module in order to send said final printable data to an external tridimensional printer for printing the tridimensional prototype, wherein said tridimensional printer realises the physical prototype in three dimensions using plastic powders and
• said data relative to the physical structure comprise geochemical data and/or geophysical data and/or petrophysical geological data and/or geomechanical data and/or stratigraphic data and/or mineralogical data of the complex underground geological structure and/or of an underground reservoir and caprock and/or aquifers present and/or wells, mainly porosity and/or permeability and/or heterogeneities and/or unconformities and/or wettability and/or sealed faults and/or fractures and terrain faults and/or saturation of hydrocarbons and/or saturation of liquids and/or depths and of geo- referenced points.
• a further aim of the present invention is a tridimensional prototyping method of complex underground geological structures, comprising following steps: A. acquiring data relating to the physical structure of at least a complex underground geological structure or at least an underground reservoir, said data comprising the Cartesian coordinates, in a tridimensional Cartesian frame of reference of the cloud of points describing the shape and the dimension of said complex underground geological structure or underground reservoir;
• step B converting said data obtained in said step B, into a compatible format with a tridimensional mechanical modelling module and sending said data to a tridimensional mechanical modelling module which sends in output a tridimensional module and thereafter makes a verification of the superposability of the polygonal mesh corresponding to the tridimensional model obtained;
• step D providing a tridimensional printer for printing said tridimensional model obtained in said step C.
• figure 1 is a two-dimensional graphic representation of data relating to complex underground geological structures or underground reservoirs to be processed by means of the system and the method of prototyping that is the object of the invention
• figure 2 is a two-dimensional graphic representation of an intermediate of the data to be processed using the system and the method of prototyping that is the object of the invention
• figure 3 is a two-dimensional graphic representation also comprising the profile of the wells obtained by the system and method that is the object of the invention
• figure 4 illustrates a virtual tridimensional prototype also comprising the profile of the wells superposed on the stratification of the reservoir;
• figure 5 is a block diagram of the tridimensional prototyping method of complex underground geological structures or underground reservoirs; figure 6 shows a detail of the block diagram of figure 5;
• figure 7 is a perspective view of a closed tridimensional prototype of complex underground geological structures or underground reservoirs, object of the invention.
• figure 8 shows a perspective front view of the prototype of figure 7, open.
• figure 9 shows a further view of the prototype of figure 8.
• the system S of the invention comprises a logic control unit, which manages the functioning of a plurality of data processing units, relative to the structure of complex underground geological structures mineralised with hydrocarbons or underground reservoirs with hydrocarbons, which will be defined as "structural data” in the following.
• Said structural data relate to specifications of extension and shape of a complex underground geological structure mineralised with hydrocarbons or at least an underground reservoir with hydrocarbons.
• Said plurality of processing units receives in input said plurality of structural data, obtained by means of known territory analysis devices, which are based on refraction and reflection mechanisms.
• the data are geochemical, petrophysical, geomechanical, stratigraphic mineralogical data of a reservoir and caprock, mainly typical characteristics of a reservoir in terms of porosity, permeability, heterogeneities unconformities, wettability, sealed faults, reservoir geology in terms of fractures and terrain faults, saturation of hydrocarbons, saturation of liquids, depths and geo-referenced points in a stratified structure, made up of various strata such as a summit, a bottom, caprock and well profile.
• said structural data in input to said system S has a predetermined format corresponding to the technique of three-dimensional geological simulation used by said known analysis devices of territory.
• said structural data contain the Cartesian coordinates, in a tridimensional Cartesian frame of reference of the cloud of points describing the shape and the dimension of said complex underground geological structure mineralised with hydrocarbons of said underground reservoir.
• a first processing unit known as the acquisition unit, acquires said structural data from said analysing devices.
• a second processing unit processes the data in output from said acquisition unit with the aim of removing the non-relevant structural data for the final prototyping step.
• a third processing unit known as a conversion unit, converts said data in output from said processing or filtering unit into a format compatible with an external tridimensional mechanical modelling module of known type and sends the data to said tridimensional mechanical modelling module.
• Said tridimensional modelling module before the printing of the prototype, carries out a verification of the superposability of the polygonal mesh with respect to the tridimensional model obtained.
• Said tridimensional modelling module is interfaced with a tridimensional printer of known type, which proceeds to tridimensionally printing the tridimensional prototype corresponding to said structural data received from said tridimensional modelling module.
• Said tridimensional printer is provided with a known technology termed rapid prototyping, by means of which it is possible to produce a solid tridimensional model, i.e. a tridimensional prototype, made using plastic powders and/or chalk powders and/or silicon polymers such as for example renshape si 7810.
• the materials use for the present invention are powder and a bonding agent, adaptable by infiltration with an elastomer for creating the parts having properties similar to rubber.
• the material comprises a mixture of cellulose, special fibres and other additives which combine to provide parts able to absorb the elastomer, which gives the parts properties similar to rubber.
• the various strata or parts of an underground reservoir can be made using distinct colours.
• This rapid prototyping technique is an additive technique and enables realising prototypes of real objects by depositing one or more different solid materials, layer upon layer, up to obtaining the complete prototype.
• Said tridimensional prototype of the complex underground geological structure mineralised with hydrocarbons or the underground reservoir is therefore composed by all the surfaces and layers of which the complex underground geological structure or the underground reservoir are naturally composed, also including the aquifer strata and the alternating geological structures present internally thereof.
• Said tridimensional prototype is reproduced in small-scale with respect to the real dimensions of said complex underground geological structure analysed, or the underground reservoir scanned.
• said logic control unit acquires said structural data, comprising the Cartesian coordinates, in a tridimensional Cartesian frame of reference of the cloud of points describing the shape and the dimension of said complex underground geological structure of said underground reservoir.
• step B of processing or filtering said structural data obtained following said step A are processed with the aim of removing the non-relevant structural data for the final prototyping step.
• step C of conversion said structural data obtained in said step B are converted into a compatible format with a known tridimensional mechanical modelling module and are sent therefrom in input to said tridimensional mechanical modelling module which carries out a verification of the superposability of the polygonal mesh with respect to the tridimensional model obtained.
• step D of printing said structural data are sent and printed by means of said tridimensional printer of known type, which proceeds to tridimensionally printing the tridimensional prototype corresponding to said structural data received from said tridimensional modelling module.
• said tridimensional printer of known type, which proceeds to tridimensionally printing the tridimensional prototype corresponding to said structural data received from said tridimensional modelling module.
• the dimensions of the prototype obtained with the method of the invention are 0.4 m x 0.2 m x 0.08 m with a scale of 1 :2500.
• the dimensions of the prototype obtained with the method of the invention are 0.60 m x 0.30 m x 0.01 m with a scale of 1 :25,000.
• the system and the method corresponding to the object of the invention enable knowing the real conditions of a complex underground geological structure mineralised with hydrocarbons or an underground reservoir, the presence of aquifer strata, the structural sequence of the underground geology, the knowledge of the real dimensions, proportions, depth, materials and thicknesses of a subterranean area of interest analysed.
• system and the method of the invention enable three- dimensional printing, very rapidly and simply, of any virtual tridimensional model of underground geological structures, also including aquifer strata, as well as wells, faults and other structures present internally of geological formations.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-03-25 EP EP16726205.4A patent/EP3274741A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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