EP3267445B1 - Transformer and switched-mode power supply apparatus - Google Patents
Transformer and switched-mode power supply apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- EP3267445B1 EP3267445B1 EP16178165.3A EP16178165A EP3267445B1 EP 3267445 B1 EP3267445 B1 EP 3267445B1 EP 16178165 A EP16178165 A EP 16178165A EP 3267445 B1 EP3267445 B1 EP 3267445B1
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 332
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
- H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
- H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
- H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switched-mode power supply apparatus.
- the switched-mode power supply apparatus rectifies and smooths a voltage which is supplied by an external power source; performs switching operation due to a semiconductor switching element to input the voltage into a primary winding of the transformer; and supplies DC voltage from a secondary winding to a load through a smoothing operation performed by a smoothing circuit. Furthermore, an output voltage is monitored, and the time ratio of the semiconductor switching element is adjusted by a control circuit so that the output voltage is constantly maintained.
- a transformer for the above multi-output switched-mode power supply apparatus has a core, a primary winding which is provided in a core, and at least two secondary windings which are also provided in the core.
- Japanese patent application JP H07 283037 A aims to provide a low noise transformer being employed in various electronic apparatuses.
- Japanese patent application JP 2000 223324 A aims to provide a converter transformer, in which an output voltage characteristic is improved by low noises and high coupling.
- cross regulation may occur when the load becomes unbalanced.
- the current flowing through one of the secondary windings becomes changed, other remaining secondary winding(s) which is not considered to be related to the change of the load is changed, thereby rendering the output voltage unstable.
- the invention has been made for solving the above problems or drawbacks, and provides a transformer being capable of reducing the cross regulation even in a case where the load is unbalanced and a switched-mode power supply apparatus using the transformer.
- the transformer in which the cross regulation is reduced even in a case where the load is unbalanced and the switched-mode power supply apparatus using the transformer can be obtained.
- switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the transformer will be hereinafter described.
- the embodiment of the transformer is firstly described and the configuration of the switched-mode power supply apparatus using the transformer is described later.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an entire configuration of the first embodiment of a transformer in accordance with the invention.
- a transformer T transforms a voltage which is supplied by an external power source, and provides electric power to a load such as an external device or a circuit connected to the transformer T.
- the transformer T has a core 10, a winding 11 provided in the core 10, at least two secondary windings 12, 13 (in the embodiment, two secondary windings), and an auxiliary winding 14.
- the core 10 has a linear center leg portion 10a in the center portion thereof.
- the center log portion 10a is provided with the windings 11-14 such that the winding axis of the windings 11-14 is arranged on the same line C.
- a gap 15 is provided in the core 10 at a location where the primary winding 11 is provided. In other words, the gap 15 is provided in the center leg portion 10a.
- the secondary windings 12, 13, and the auxiliary winding 14 are wound around the center leg portion 10a in a state the polarity thereof is reversed with respect to the polarity of the primary winding 11.
- the core 10, the windings 11-14 are respectively insulated by a bobbin (not shown) formed of insulating material such as resin.
- the primary winding 11 is connected to an external power source, and supplies electric power to the secondary windings 12, 13 and the auxiliary winding 14.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are connected to the load such as the external device or the external circuit between both terminals, and supply electric power which is supplied by the primary winding 11 to the circuit or the load.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are connected to, for example, a buffer circuit for operating IGBT, MOS, and the like.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are disposed at both sides of the primary winding 11 in a winding axis of the primary winding 11. In other words, both of the secondary windings 12 and 13 are disposed adjacent to the primary winding 11.
- the secondary windings 12 and 13 are respectively spaced apart from the primary winding 11 at an equal distance in the winding axis of the primary winding 11.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are respectively spaced apart from the gap 15 at an equal distance in the winding axis of the primary winding 11.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are respectively spaced apart from the primary winding 11 as well as the gap 15 at an equal distance in the winding axis of the primary winding 11.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the primary winding 11, and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the gap 15.
- the auxiliary winding 14 is connected to a control circuit for controlling a switching element which is described below.
- the auxiliary winding 14 receives electric power from the primary winding 11 to provide electric power voltage for driving the control circuit. While the auxiliary winding 14 is disposed next to the secondary winding 13 in the same winding axis as the secondary winding 13, it may be disposed next to the secondary winding 12.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the first embodiment of the transformer. Since the transformer T is provided with a plurality of the secondary windings 12,13 (in the embodiment, two secondary windings), the switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the embodiment of the transformer (i.e., the transformer T) corresponds to a multi-output power supply apparatus.
- the switched-mode power supply apparatus is, for example, a flyback switched-mode power supply apparatus, and used for switching a semiconductor.
- the switched-mode power supply apparatus has the transformer T, a switching element 21, a control circuit 22 for controlling the switching element 21, diodes 23, 24, and capacitors 25, 26.
- the switched-mode power supply apparatus may have a rectifying/smoothing circuit.
- the rectifying/smoothing circuit is connected between the external power source and the primary winding 11 of the transformer T to rectify and smooth the voltage supplied by the external power source.
- the switching element 21 is a semiconductor switching element such as FET.
- the switching element 21 is connected to the primary winding 11 of the transformer T to control the input voltage into the primary winding 11.
- the control circuit 22 is equipped with IC, and connected to the switching element 21 and the auxiliary winding 14 which is provided at the output side.
- the control circuit 22 receives the power voltage supply from the auxiliary winding 14 to control the time ratio of on/off of the switching element 21 for the purpose of controlling the input voltage into the primary winding 11. In other words, the control circuit 22 performs a control for the purpose of keeping the output voltage of the secondary windings 12 and 13 at a predetermined voltage.
- control circuit 22 may have voltage monitoring means for detecting the voltage of the auxiliary winding 14, smoothing means such as a capacitor for smoothing the output voltage from the auxiliary winding 14, a photocoupler provided with a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element, and IC.
- smoothing means such as a capacitor for smoothing the output voltage from the auxiliary winding 14, a photocoupler provided with a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element, and IC.
- an output voltage value from the auxiliary winding 14 which is smoothed by the smoothing means and detected by the voltage monitor means is firstly input into the IC.
- the IC calculates the output voltage of the secondary windings 12, 13 based on the (output) voltage value, and the winding number ratio of the auxiliary winding 14 and the secondary windings 12 and 13, and generates the control signal for stabilizing the output voltage of the secondary windings 12, 13 based on the output voltage of the secondary windings 12, 13.
- the IC outputs the control signal at the light-emitting element of the photocoupler which is connected to the IC.
- the light-emitting element converts the input control signal into optical signal, and outputs the optical signal at the light-receiving element which is connected to the switching element 21. Furthermore, the light-receiving element converts the input optical signal into electric signal, and changes the time ratio of the switching element 21 based on the electric signal.
- the capacitors 25, 26 are connected to the secondary windings 12, 13.
- the diodes 23, 24 are connected between the secondary windings 12, 13 and the capacitors 25, 26 to rectify the output voltage from the secondary windings 12 and 13. Furthermore, the capacitors 25, 26 smooth the rectified voltage and generate DC voltage.
- the embodiment of the transformer T has the core 10; the primary winding 11 and at least two secondary windings 12, 13 provided in the core 10 around the same winding axis.
- the gap 15 is provided in the core 10 at the location where the primary winding 11 is provided.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are spaced apart from the both sides in the direction of the winding axis C and the gap 15 at an equal distance. Due to the above configuration, the inductance difference as well as the difference of coupling coefficient with respect to the primary winding 11 between the two secondary windings 12, 13 can be reduced, thereby suppressing the difference between the output voltages of the two secondary windings 12, 13 when the output voltages of the two secondary windings 12, 13 are stabilized, as shown in FIG. 3 .
- the effect of the embodiment is explained in comparison to the conventional technologies.
- the conventional transformer in which the secondary windings 112, 113 that are disposed at both sides of the primary winding 111 are not spaced apart from the gap 115 at an equal distance, if the inductance values of the secondary windings 112, 113 are two-figure (digit) ⁇ H and the inductance value difference between the secondary windings 112, 113 is single-figure (digit) ⁇ H, the output voltages of the second windings differ from each other, as shown in FIG. 15 . This is because the difference between the inductance values of the secondary windings 112, 113 is great. In an example as shown in FIG.
- the inductance values are equalized to only the level of two figure (digit).
- the inductance values of the secondary windings 12 and 13 of the transformer T i.e., the embodiment of the transformer
- the inductance values of the secondary windings 12 and 13 of the transformer T are equalized to the level of the first decimal place. That is, there is two-figure (digit) difference between the conventional technologies and the embodiment of the transformer in terms of the correspondence of the inductance values.
- the inductance values are equalized to only the level of single figure (digit). Furthermore, the coupling coefficient values of the secondary windings 112, 113 with respect to the primary winding 111 are equalized to only the level of the first decimal place. On the other hand, the inductance values of the secondary windings 12 and 13 of the transformer T (i.e., the embodiment of the transformer) are equalized to the level of the first decimal place. That is, there is single figure (digit) difference between the conventional technologies and the embodiment of the transformer in terms of the correspondence of the inductance values.
- the coupling coefficient values with respect to the primary winding 11 are equalized to the level of the second decimal place. That is, there is single figure (digit) difference between the conventional technologies and the transformer T (i.e., the embodiment of the transformer) in terms of the correspondence of the coupling coefficient values.
- the difference of the coupling coefficient with respect to the primary winding 11 and the inductance difference between the secondary windings 12, 13 can be reduced. Therefore, the transformer being capable of synergistically suppressing the difference between the output voltages from the secondary windings 12, 13 and the switched-mode power supply apparatus using the same transformer can be obtained.
- the second embodiment is described with reference to FIGS. 4-11 .
- the configuration of the second embodiment is basically equal to that of the first embodiment. Therefore, only the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described.
- the same part or portion is denoted by the same reference numeral, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of the second embodiment of a transformer.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the second embodiment of the transformer.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that at least two auxiliary windings 14, 16 (two auxiliary windings in the embodiment) are provided.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that each of the auxiliary windings 14, 16 neighbors respectively each of the secondary windings 12, 13 in the winding axis direction of the windings 11-13, and connected in parallel to each other.
- Each of the auxiliary winding 14 and 16 is spaced apart from the gap 15 at an equal distance and arranged symmetrically with respect to the gap 15, in the winding axis direction.
- the auxiliary windings 14 and 16 may not be necessarily arranged symmetrically with respect to the gap 15.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are arranged closer to the primary winding 11 than the auxiliary windings 14, 16.
- Each of the windings 11-16 is insulated by the bobbin that is formed of insulating material such as resin.
- the auxiliary windings 14, 16 are connected in parallel to the control circuit 22.
- the second embodiment The action and effect of the embodiment (i.e., the second embodiment) will be explained in comparison to that of the first embodiment.
- the load is unbalanced (for example, a case where two different loads are respectively connected to the secondary windings 12, 13)
- variation in the output voltage of the secondary windings 12, 13 can be suppressed.
- the configuration of the second embodiment can be applied to any transformer which is provided with the primary winding and two or more secondary windings.
- FIG. 6 shows the waveform of the output voltage of each of the secondary windings 12, 13 in a case where the balance of the load is changed in the configuration of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an example of an output voltage waveform (after rectification) in a case where the current of the secondary winding 12 is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A.
- the width between the dotted lines corresponds to the width between the maximum output voltage of the secondary winding 12 and the minimum output voltage of the secondary winding 13. It can be seen that the gap or interval is about 4.25 V.
- the embodiment of the transformer has the core 10; the primary winding 11 provided in the core 10; at least two secondary windings 12, 13 provided in the core 10 around a winding axis which is the same as a winding axis of the primary winding 11; and at least two auxiliary windings 14, 16 provided in the core 10 around a winding axis which is the same as the winding axis of the primary winding 11.
- the auxiliary windings 14, 16 respectively neighbor the secondary windings 12, 13, and are connected in parallel to each other. Due to this configuration, even in a case where the load becomes unbalanced, the problem of the cross regulation can be improved. For example, FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows an output voltage waveform of the secondary windings 12, 13 (after rectification) when the balance of the load is changed.
- the condition of FIG. 7 is similar to that of FIG. 6 in that the current of the secondary winding 12 is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A.
- the width between the dot-and-dash lines of the maximum output voltage and the minimum output voltage of the secondary windings 12, 13 is about 2.25V, which is less than the width (about 4.25V) between the dotted lines as shown in FIG. 6 and means that variation in the output voltage is less. In other words, it can be seen that the stability of the output voltage is improved, and the cross regulation is improved.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show the output voltage waveform of secondary winding before rectification.
- FIG. 8A shows the output voltage waveform in a case where a current flowing through the secondary winding 12 is 0A (no load) and a current flowing through the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A.
- FIG. 8A shows the output voltage waveform in a case where a current flowing through the secondary winding 12 is 0A (no load) and a current flowing through the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A.
- the distortion in the output voltage waveform at the no-load side means corresponding or proportional variation (change) in the output voltage.
- the distortion is also created in the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 neighboring the above secondary winding.
- the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 as shown in FIG. 9B in a case where the current flowing through the secondary winding 12 that is disposed away from the auxiliary winding 14 is 0.1A and the current flowing through the secondary winding 13 that is disposed adjacent to the auxiliary winding 14 is 0A is different from the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 as shown in FIG.
- the two auxiliary windings 14, 16 are provided in the core 10 and connected in parallel to each other. Accordingly, the auxiliary windings 14, 16 is shorted to each other, and the waveforms of the auxiliary windings 14, 16 are equalized.
- FIG. 10 shows the voltage waveforms of the auxiliary windings 14, 16 in a case where the current of the secondary winding is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A. It can be seen that the two voltage waveforms are made same.
- the magnetic field generated by each of the auxiliary winding 14, 16 respectively exerts its action on each of the secondary windings 13, 12 which neighbors each of the auxiliary windings 14, 16.
- the voltage waveform of one of the secondary windings 12, 13 is normal and the distortion occurs in the voltage waveform of the other of the secondary windings 12, 13.
- the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14, 16 neighboring the secondary winding 12, 13 having the distorted voltage waveform also becomes distorted.
- the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14, 16 which neighbors the secondary winding 12, 13 having the normal voltage waveform is normal, and the two auxiliary windings 14, 16 are shorted to each other.
- the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 16 which neighbors the secondary winding 12, 14 having the distorted voltage waveform is normalized.
- FIG. 11 shows the voltage waveform (before rectification) in a case where the current of the secondary winding 12 is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A.
- the projection (about 20V) in the voltage waveform of the secondary winding 12 ( FIG. 11 ) is further lowered in comparison to the projection (about 21V) in the voltage waveform of the secondary winding 12 as shown in FIG. 8A . Therefore, it can be seen that the distortion is alleviated.
- the voltage waveforms of the secondary windings 12, 13 (before rectification) are improved such that they are equalized, the cross regulation can be reduced.
- the secondary windings 12, 13 are arranged at both sides of the primary winding 11 and closer to the primary winding 11 than the auxiliary windings 14, 16, in the winding axis direction. Due to this, the coupling coefficient between each of the secondary windings 12, 13 and the primary winding 11 can be increased, thereby improving the transformation (conversion) efficiency of the transformer.
Description
- The present invention relates to a switched-mode power supply apparatus.
- In order to operate an electrical device or electrical circuit, stable DC voltage is required and a switched-mode power supply apparatus has been conventionally used for this purpose. The switched-mode power supply apparatus rectifies and smooths a voltage which is supplied by an external power source; performs switching operation due to a semiconductor switching element to input the voltage into a primary winding of the transformer; and supplies DC voltage from a secondary winding to a load through a smoothing operation performed by a smoothing circuit. Furthermore, an output voltage is monitored, and the time ratio of the semiconductor switching element is adjusted by a control circuit so that the output voltage is constantly maintained.
- As the switched-mode power supply apparatus, multi-output switched-mode power supply apparatus has been conventionally known. A transformer for the above multi-output switched-mode power supply apparatus has a core, a primary winding which is provided in a core, and at least two secondary windings which are also provided in the core.
Japanese patent applicationJP H07 283037 A
Japanese patent applicationJP 2000 223324 A - [PLT 1] Japanese Publication
05-049257(A - In a case of the transformer in which two or more secondary windings are provided, cross regulation may occur when the load becomes unbalanced. In other words, when the current flowing through one of the secondary windings becomes changed, other remaining secondary winding(s) which is not considered to be related to the change of the load is changed, thereby rendering the output voltage unstable.
- The invention has been made for solving the above problems or drawbacks, and provides a transformer being capable of reducing the cross regulation even in a case where the load is unbalanced and a switched-mode power supply apparatus using the transformer.
- The invention is defined in independent claim 1. Embodiments of the invention are defined in dependent claims 2-4.
- In accordance with the invention, the transformer in which the cross regulation is reduced even in a case where the load is unbalanced and the switched-mode power supply apparatus using the transformer can be obtained.
-
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FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of a first unclaimed embodiment of a transformer. -
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the first unclaimed embodiment of the transformer. -
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an output voltage from each of secondary windings of the first unclaimed embodiment of the transformer in the elapsed time. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of the second embodiment of a transformer. -
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the second embodiment of the transformer. -
FIG. 6 is a graph showing an output voltage (after rectification) from each of secondary windings of the first embodiment of the transformer with a changed load balance in the elapsed time. -
FIG. 7 is a graph showing an output voltage (after rectification) from each of secondary windings of the second embodiment of the transformer with a changed load balance in the elapsed time. -
FIG. 8A shows an output voltage waveform (before rectification) of a secondary winding in a case where a current flowing through asecondary winding 12 is 0A (i.e., no load) and a current flowing through asecondary winding 13 is 0.1A. -
FIG. 8B shows an output voltage waveform (before rectification) of a secondary winding in a case where a current flowing through asecondary winding 12 is 0.1A and a current flowing through asecondary winding 13 is 0A (i.e., no load). -
FIG. 9A is a graph showing a voltage of an auxiliary winding of the first embodiment of the transformer with a changed load balance in the elapsed time in a case where a current flowing through one of the secondary windings is 0.1A and a current flowing through the other of the secondary windings is 0A. -
FIG. 9B is a graph showing a voltage of an auxiliary winding of the first embodiment of the transformer with a changed load balance in the elapsed time in a case where a current flowing through one of the secondary windings is 0A and a current flowing through the other of the secondary windings is 0.1A. -
FIG. 10 is a graph showing a voltage of each of auxiliary windings of the second embodiment of the transformer in the elapsed time. -
FIG. 11 shows a voltage waveform (before rectification) in a case where a current flowing through asecondary winding 12 is 0A and a current flowing through asecondary winding 13 is 0.1A. -
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of another unclaimed embodiment of a transformer. -
FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with another unclaimed embodiment of the transformer. -
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of a conventional transformer. -
FIG. 15 is a graph showing an output voltage from each of secondary windings of the conventional transformer in the elapsed time. -
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of a conventional transformer. -
FIG. 17 is a graph showing an output voltage from each of secondary windings of the conventional transformer in the elapsed time. - With reference to the accompanying drawings, a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the transformer will be hereinafter described. The embodiment of the transformer is firstly described and the configuration of the switched-mode power supply apparatus using the transformer is described later.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an entire configuration of the first embodiment of a transformer in accordance with the invention. A transformer T transforms a voltage which is supplied by an external power source, and provides electric power to a load such as an external device or a circuit connected to the transformer T. Referring toFIG. 1 , the transformer T has acore 10, a winding 11 provided in thecore 10, at least twosecondary windings 12, 13 (in the embodiment, two secondary windings), and anauxiliary winding 14. - The
core 10 has a linearcenter leg portion 10a in the center portion thereof. Thecenter log portion 10a is provided with the windings 11-14 such that the winding axis of the windings 11-14 is arranged on the same line C. A gap 15 is provided in thecore 10 at a location where theprimary winding 11 is provided. In other words, the gap 15 is provided in thecenter leg portion 10a. Furthermore, thesecondary windings auxiliary winding 14 are wound around thecenter leg portion 10a in a state the polarity thereof is reversed with respect to the polarity of theprimary winding 11. Thecore 10, the windings 11-14 are respectively insulated by a bobbin (not shown) formed of insulating material such as resin. - The
primary winding 11 is connected to an external power source, and supplies electric power to thesecondary windings auxiliary winding 14. Thesecondary windings primary winding 11 to the circuit or the load. Thesecondary windings - The
secondary windings primary winding 11 in a winding axis of theprimary winding 11. In other words, both of thesecondary windings primary winding 11. Preferably, thesecondary windings secondary windings - In this embodiment, the
secondary windings secondary windings - The auxiliary winding 14 is connected to a control circuit for controlling a switching element which is described below. The auxiliary winding 14 receives electric power from the primary winding 11 to provide electric power voltage for driving the control circuit. While the auxiliary winding 14 is disposed next to the secondary winding 13 in the same winding axis as the secondary winding 13, it may be disposed next to the secondary winding 12.
- Such a transformer T can be used in a switched-mode power supply apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the first embodiment of the transformer. Since the transformer T is provided with a plurality of thesecondary windings 12,13 (in the embodiment, two secondary windings), the switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the embodiment of the transformer (i.e., the transformer T) corresponds to a multi-output power supply apparatus. The switched-mode power supply apparatus is, for example, a flyback switched-mode power supply apparatus, and used for switching a semiconductor. - Specifically, the switched-mode power supply apparatus has the transformer T, a switching
element 21, acontrol circuit 22 for controlling the switchingelement 21,diodes capacitors - The switching
element 21 is a semiconductor switching element such as FET. The switchingelement 21 is connected to the primary winding 11 of the transformer T to control the input voltage into the primary winding 11. Thecontrol circuit 22 is equipped with IC, and connected to the switchingelement 21 and the auxiliary winding 14 which is provided at the output side. Thecontrol circuit 22 receives the power voltage supply from the auxiliary winding 14 to control the time ratio of on/off of the switchingelement 21 for the purpose of controlling the input voltage into the primary winding 11. In other words, thecontrol circuit 22 performs a control for the purpose of keeping the output voltage of thesecondary windings - For example, the
control circuit 22 may have voltage monitoring means for detecting the voltage of the auxiliary winding 14, smoothing means such as a capacitor for smoothing the output voltage from the auxiliary winding 14, a photocoupler provided with a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element, and IC. In this case, as an exemplary control performed by thecontrol circuit 22, an output voltage value from the auxiliary winding 14 which is smoothed by the smoothing means and detected by the voltage monitor means is firstly input into the IC. The IC calculates the output voltage of thesecondary windings secondary windings secondary windings secondary windings element 21. Furthermore, the light-receiving element converts the input optical signal into electric signal, and changes the time ratio of the switchingelement 21 based on the electric signal. - The
capacitors secondary windings diodes secondary windings capacitors secondary windings capacitors - (1) The embodiment of the transformer T has the core 10; the primary winding 11 and at least two
secondary windings core 10 around the same winding axis. The gap 15 is provided in the core 10 at the location where the primary winding 11 is provided. Thesecondary windings secondary windings secondary windings secondary windings FIG. 3 . - More specifically, the effect of the embodiment is explained in comparison to the conventional technologies. In the conventional transformer in which the
secondary windings gap 115 at an equal distance, if the inductance values of thesecondary windings secondary windings FIG. 15 . This is because the difference between the inductance values of thesecondary windings FIG. 14 , the inductance values are equalized to only the level of two figure (digit). To the contrary, the inductance values of thesecondary windings - Furthermore, as shown in
FIG. 16 , in a case of the conventional transformer in which thesecondary windings gap 115 at an equal distance but not spaced apart from the primary winding 111 at an equal distance, if the inductance values of thesecondary windings secondary windings second windings FIG. 17 . This is because the inductance values of thesecondary windings secondary windings FIG. 16 , the inductance values are equalized to only the level of single figure (digit). Furthermore, the coupling coefficient values of thesecondary windings secondary windings - As described previously, in accordance with the embodiment, the difference of the coupling coefficient with respect to the primary winding 11 and the inductance difference between the
secondary windings secondary windings - The second embodiment is described with reference to
FIGS. 4-11 . The configuration of the second embodiment is basically equal to that of the first embodiment. Therefore, only the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described. The same part or portion is denoted by the same reference numeral, and detailed description thereof is omitted. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an entire configuration of the second embodiment of a transformer.FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply apparatus provided with the second embodiment of the transformer. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that at least twoauxiliary windings 14, 16 (two auxiliary windings in the embodiment) are provided. - In other words, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that each of the
auxiliary windings secondary windings auxiliary windings - Furthermore, in the embodiment the
secondary windings auxiliary windings FIG. 5 , theauxiliary windings control circuit 22. - (1) The action and effect of the embodiment (i.e., the second embodiment) will be explained in comparison to that of the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, even in a case where the load is unbalanced (for example, a case where two different loads are respectively connected to the
secondary windings 12, 13), variation in the output voltage of thesecondary windings - Firstly,
FIG. 6 shows the waveform of the output voltage of each of thesecondary windings FIG. 6 is an example of an output voltage waveform (after rectification) in a case where the current of the secondary winding 12 is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A. The width between the dotted lines corresponds to the width between the maximum output voltage of the secondary winding 12 and the minimum output voltage of the secondary winding 13. It can be seen that the gap or interval is about 4.25 V. - On the other hand, the embodiment of the transformer has the core 10; the primary winding 11 provided in the
core 10; at least twosecondary windings core 10 around a winding axis which is the same as a winding axis of the primary winding 11; and at least twoauxiliary windings core 10 around a winding axis which is the same as the winding axis of the primary winding 11. In the embodiment, theauxiliary windings secondary windings FIG. 7 shows an output voltage waveform of thesecondary windings 12, 13 (after rectification) when the balance of the load is changed. The condition ofFIG. 7 is similar to that ofFIG. 6 in that the current of the secondary winding 12 is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A. As shown inFIG. 7 , the width between the dot-and-dash lines of the maximum output voltage and the minimum output voltage of thesecondary windings FIG. 6 and means that variation in the output voltage is less. In other words, it can be seen that the stability of the output voltage is improved, and the cross regulation is improved. - The reason for above phenomenon or improvement can be explained in view of the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, when the load becomes unbalanced, a distortion (i.e., a turn) is created in the output voltage waveform of the secondary winding at the no-load side. An example is shown in
FIGS. 8A and 8B. FIGS. 8A and 8B show the output voltage waveform of secondary winding before rectification.FIG. 8A shows the output voltage waveform in a case where a current flowing through the secondary winding 12 is 0A (no load) and a current flowing through the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A.FIG. 8B shows the output voltage waveform in a case where a current flowing through the secondary winding 12 is 0.1A and a current flowing through the secondary winding 13 is 0A (no load). As such, the distortion in the output voltage waveform at the no-load side means corresponding or proportional variation (change) in the output voltage. - Furthermore, in a case where the distortion is created in the output voltage waveform of the secondary winding, the distortion is also created in the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 neighboring the above secondary winding. For example, the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 as shown in
FIG. 9B in a case where the current flowing through the secondary winding 12 that is disposed away from the auxiliary winding 14 is 0.1A and the current flowing through the secondary winding 13 that is disposed adjacent to the auxiliary winding 14 is 0A is different from the voltage waveform of the auxiliary winding 14 as shown inFIG. 9A in a case where the current flowing through the secondary winding 12 that is disposed away from the auxiliary winding 14 is 0A and the current flowing through the secondary winding 13 that is disposed adjacent to the auxiliary winding 14 is 0.1A in the range of from 260 to 262 µs (time), and the distortion is created inFIG. 9B . Since the auxiliary winding 14 is arranged away from the secondary winding 12 and adjacent to the secondary winding 13, the coupling coefficients between the auxiliary winding 14 and each of thesecondary windings secondary windings - On the other hand, in the embodiment, the two
auxiliary windings core 10 and connected in parallel to each other. Accordingly, theauxiliary windings auxiliary windings FIG. 10 shows the voltage waveforms of theauxiliary windings secondary windings auxiliary windings - In other words, when the load becomes unbalanced, the voltage waveform of one of the
secondary windings secondary windings auxiliary windings auxiliary windings FIG. 11 shows the voltage waveform (before rectification) in a case where the current of the secondary winding 12 is 0A and the current of the secondary winding 13 is 0.1A. As shown by the circular dotted line inFIG. 11 , the projection (about 20V) in the voltage waveform of the secondary winding 12 (FIG. 11 ) is further lowered in comparison to the projection (about 21V) in the voltage waveform of the secondary winding 12 as shown inFIG. 8A . Therefore, it can be seen that the distortion is alleviated. As described above, the voltage waveforms of thesecondary windings 12, 13 (before rectification) are improved such that they are equalized, the cross regulation can be reduced. - (2) In the embodiment, the
secondary windings auxiliary windings secondary windings - The Scope of the invention is only defined by the appended claims and any example not being an embodiment of the invention thus defined shall be regarded only for illustrating purposes.
- (1) While the two
secondary windings secondary windings secondary windings FIG. 12 . In other word, the secondary winding 17 is provided outside either of thesecondary windings secondary windings secondary windings
In a case where the even numbers of the secondary windings are adopted, they are spaced apart from the gap at an equal distance. If four secondary windings are provided, two of the secondary windings are respectively disposed over other two secondary windings, as described previously in connection with the case where odd numbers of secondary windings are adopted. As such, even in the case of multi-output form where three or more secondary windings are adopted, the secondary windings are symmetrically arranged with respect to the gap 15 and spaced apart from the primary winding 11 at an equal distance, thereby equalizing the inductance value and the coupling coefficient with respect to the primary winding 11. For the above reasons, the switched-mode power supply apparatus being capable of suppressing the difference between the output voltage values even in multi-output form can be obtained. - (2) While in the first and second embodiments the
auxiliary windings control circuit 22 are insulated from the primary winding 11, they may be connected to the primary winding 11, as shown inFIG. 13 . Referring toFIG. 13 in connection with the control of the switchingelement 21, thecontrol circuit 22 has a resistance for dividing the voltage of the auxiliary winding 14, voltage monitoring means for detecting the divided voltage, and IC. The IC calculates the output voltage of thesecondary windings secondary windings element 21. - (3) While in the second embodiment, two
auxiliary windings secondary windings auxiliary windings secondary windings auxiliary windings - (4) While in the first and second embodiments, the auxiliary winding 14, 16 are arranged on the same line in the winding axis direction of the primary winding 11 such that they do not overlap the
secondary windings secondary windings secondary windings - (5) While in the second embodiment, the
auxiliary windings auxiliary windings secondary windings auxiliary windings secondary windings - (6) While in the second embodiment two auxiliary winding 14, 16 are provided, three or more auxiliary windings may be provided. For example, in a case where three or more secondary windings are provided, the auxiliary windings may be respectively arranged adjacent to each of the secondary windings, and connected in parallel to each other.
-
- 10 core
- 10a center leg portion
- 11 primary winding
- 12, 13, 17 secondary winding
- 14, 16 auxiliary winding
- 15 gap
- 21 switching element
- 22 control circuit
- 23, 24 diode (i.e., rectifying means)
- 25, 26 capacitor (i.e., smoothing means)
- T transformer
- C line shared by the winding axis of the primary winding and the winding axis of the secondary winding
Claims (4)
- A switched-mode power supply apparatus, comprising:A transformer (T), which comprises:a core (10) having a linear center leg portion (10a) in the center portion thereof;a primary winding (11) provided around the linear center leg portion (10a) of the core (10);at least two secondary windings (12, 13) provided around the linear center leg portion (10a) of the core (10) and having a winding axis which is the same as a winding axis of the primary winding (11), which are configured to be connected to a load and supply electric power, which is supplied by the primary winding (11), to the load;wherein at least two auxiliary windings (14, 16) are provided around the linear center leg portion (10a) of the core (10) and have a winding axis which is the same as the winding axis of the primary winding (11), wherein the auxiliary windings (14, 16) respectively neighbor the secondary windings (12, 13), and are connected in parallel to each other, and;wherein the secondary windings (12, 13) are disposed at both sides of the primary winding (11) in the winding axis direction of the primary winding (11) and are disposed closer to the primary winding (11) than the auxiliary windings (14, 16), in the winding axis direction of the primary winding (11);characterized in that a switching element (21) is electrically connected to the primary winding (11) of the transformer (T) to control an input voltage, which is supplied by an external power source into the primary winding (11); anda control circuit (22) configured to control the switching element (21), wherein the auxiliary windings (14, 16) of the transformer (T) are electrically connected with the control circuit (22) and provide the control circuit (22) with electric power, which is supplied by the primary winding (11), for driving the switching element (21).
- The switched-mode power supply apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the transformer (T) further comprises
a gap (15) provided in the core (10) at a location where the primary winding (11) is provided, wherein the secondary windings (12, 13) are spaced apart from both sides of the primary winding (11) at an equal distance in the winding axis direction of the primary winding (11); moreover, spaced apart from the gap (15) of the linear center leg portion (10a) of the core (10) at an equal distance in the winding axis direction of the primary winding (11). - The switched-mode power supply apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary windings (14, 16) respectively neighbor the secondary windings (12, 13) in the winding axis direction of the primary winding (11).
- The switched-mode power supply apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the auxiliary windings (14, 16) are provided electrically independent from the secondary windings (12, 13).
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EP16178165.3A EP3267445B1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2016-07-06 | Transformer and switched-mode power supply apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP16178165.3A EP3267445B1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2016-07-06 | Transformer and switched-mode power supply apparatus |
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EP3267445B1 true EP3267445B1 (en) | 2020-06-03 |
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Citations (4)
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JPH07283037A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Transformer |
JP2000223324A (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Converter transformer and electronic equipment using the same |
JP3543029B2 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 2004-07-14 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Converter transformer |
JP2011134744A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-07 | Takasago Seisakusho:Kk | Switching transformer and switching power source |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0216500B1 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1992-06-03 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic induction apparatus |
JP2964718B2 (en) | 1991-08-08 | 1999-10-18 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Switching power supply |
JP3654816B2 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2005-06-02 | Fdk株式会社 | Multi-channel uniform output type transformer |
SG183303A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Panasonic Corp | Transformer |
CN201859747U (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2011-06-08 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | Appliance body arrangement structure of power transformer with auxiliary winding |
WO2013080298A1 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Transformer and transformer device including same |
EP2639800B1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-10-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transformer for an electric vehicle |
-
2016
- 2016-07-06 EP EP16178165.3A patent/EP3267445B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH07283037A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Transformer |
JP3543029B2 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 2004-07-14 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Converter transformer |
JP2000223324A (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Converter transformer and electronic equipment using the same |
JP2011134744A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-07 | Takasago Seisakusho:Kk | Switching transformer and switching power source |
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