EP3267143A1 - Bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

Projectile (1) comprising a projectile casing (3) surrounding a charge (2), the projectile casing (3) having two sections (4, 5) each having a connection region (6, 7), by means of which connection regions (6, 7) two portions (4, 5) are connectable or connected to each other, wherein the charge (2) at least two axially successively arranged partial charges (8, 9) and in each section at least a partial charge (8, 9) is received, wherein between the at least two partial charges (8, 9) at least one compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) for generating a biasing force in the assembled state on the two part charges (8, 9) is arranged so that they at least partially in contact stand with the projectile casing (3).

Description

The invention relates to a projectile comprising a projectile casing surrounding a load.

In the case of ammunition, in particular explosive ammunition, it is known from the prior art to provide insensitive properties of the charge, that is to say the explosive charge. The ammunition must not be unintentionally detonated, for example during shelling or when exposed to fire. For this purpose, it is also known that one-piece bullet casings are used, which must be filled via a comparison with the bullet diameter relatively small mouth opening with the explosive charge. The use of pressable explosives is only very limited or not possible.

Compared to pressable explosives, conventional explosives, such as castable explosives, are less efficient and have significantly poorer mechanical properties, e.g. a higher thermal expansion coefficient. When used at low temperatures, this can lead to problems, so that the charges can not sufficiently withstand the launching loads and the axial accelerations and swirl transmissions occurring thereby. It is possible that due to the different thermal expansion coefficient of the charge and the projectile casing a detachment of the charge from the projectile casing occurs, so that inertial forces and relative movements between projectile casing and charge can occur, which lead to an unwanted detonation.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a bullet, which is improved in contrast.

To solve this problem is provided according to the invention in a projectile of the type mentioned that the projectile casing has two sections each having a connecting portion, by means of which connecting portions, the two sections are connected or connected to each other, wherein the charge comprises at least two axially successively arranged partial charges and in at least one partial charge is received in each section, wherein between the two partial charges at least one compensation element for generating a biasing force in the assembled state is arranged on the two partial charges, so that they are at least partially in contact with the projectile casing.

According to the invention it is thus provided that the projectile casing is formed in two parts, wherein the two sections are connected to each other by means of their connection areas or connected, so can be connected to each other. The charge, ie the explosive charge within the projectile casing of the projectile, is distributed over the two sections, so that it comprises at least two partial charges, each section being assigned at least one partial charge or at least a partial charge being accommodated in each of the sections. This greatly facilitates the introduction of the load into the projectile casing, since these do not have to be filled through a relatively small mouth opening, as is conventional in the prior art, but can be introduced into the respective section of the projectile casing over approximately the entire projectile diameter, after which the two Sections are interconnected. In other words, the individual partial charges comprising the load can be separately introduced into the corresponding section. Then the sections can be connected to each other. Thus, in the mounted state, the projectile has at least two partial charges arranged axially one behind the other, that is, at least one partial charge per section.

In the projectile according to the invention it is further provided that between the at least two partial charges at least one compensation element for generating an axial biasing force in the assembled state is arranged on the two partial charges. As a result, the resulting differences in manufacturing tolerances between the partial charges, which can not be joined together without a gap, compensate. This gap must be balanced so that the partial charges can be supported on each other, for example, the front cargo part on the rear. The compensation element, of which Of course, several can be provided, also causes a biasing force on the two charge parts, so that they are biased in the mounted state against the projectile casing. This can prevent that it comes with changes in temperature, especially at low temperatures, to wall detachments or cracks in the explosive charge, so that they could be implemented unintentionally when shooting or when handling the projectile, since the charge or the partial charges in itself and is supported against the projectile casing, so that no gaps can form, through which a relative movement between projectile casing and cargo can arise.

Thus, the invention provides that the two sections are filled separately with the corresponding partial charges and then connected to each other by means of the connecting portions. One or more compensation elements are arranged between the partial charges, so that when connecting the two sections, the compensating element (s) generates a biasing force that biases the partial charges against the projectile casing.

In the projectile according to the invention, it is preferably provided that the compensating element or elements consist of or comprise an elastic material, in particular an elastomer. The compensating element, which is made of an elastic material deforms when connecting the two sections under construction of a restoring force, which is used to bias the at least two partial charges against the projectile casing.

Alternatively, the or the compensating elements, regardless of which geometry they have, be particularly preferably made of a viscoelastic material. Such a compensating element exhibits an elastic behavior, so that it builds up the restoring or biasing force in the required manner for bracing the partial charges. However, if the bullet is fired, the compensating element shows a quasi inelastic or hard behavior during the launching shock, so it does not compress so that the partial charges remain in position.

A development of the projectile according to the invention provides that the compensation element consists of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient deviates from that of the charge. Thus, the compensating element and the charge can be prevented from expanding or shrinking to the same extent with temperature changes. It is particularly preferred that the Compensation element has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the charge, so that the charge is subject to thermal expansion at temperature changes stronger than the compensation element. As a result, it can be ensured that if the charge changes in temperature due to its spatial extent, the biasing force can be maintained, so that the charge is supported against the projectile casing under a defined biasing force.

A further preferred embodiment of the projectile according to the invention can provide that at least one compensating element is formed annularly with a circular or rectangular cross-section and / or a compensating element disc-shaped or plate-shaped and / or a compensating element strip-shaped with a circular or rectangular cross-section. Accordingly, the compensation element can ultimately assume any cross-sectional shape and spatial arrangement, as long as it can be introduced between the two partial charges such that in the mounted state, a defined biasing force is exerted on the partial charges. Of course, any combinations of several compensation elements are possible.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the projectile according to the invention that at least a partial charge, a cover plate is arranged, which faces the respective other portion. Such a cover plate is thus provided on at least a partial charge of a portion which faces the connection region. The cover plate is facing the respective other section or the partial charge of the other section. The at least one cover plate covers the charge of the portion to which it is associated to the outside. Of course, it is ensured that the compensating element can exert a biasing force on the charge covered by the cover plate or partial charge.

A particularly preferred development of the projectile according to the invention consists in that the at least one compensating element is arranged on at least one holding element. The retaining element causes the compensating element to be supported and centered. Thereby, it is particularly advantageous possible that a symmetrical and defined supporting force can be effected on the two partial charges by the compensation element. Furthermore, it can be done that, in particular if several compensation elements are used, they are arranged on the holding element and thus occupy defined positions when introduced into the projectile casing. Furthermore, the Assembly process simplified because, if the plurality of compensation elements are arranged on a holding element, these can be introduced together with the holding element in the space between the partial charges. It is also possible that the at least one compensation element is arranged on two holding elements, which surround this in the form of a "sandwich structure". Thus, between the two axially adjacent partial charges, between which the compensation element is to be introduced, first a respective holding element is arranged, between which the compensation element is provided.

The holding element of the projectile according to the invention is preferably made of plastic or metal. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the one or more compensation elements are arranged by gluing or vulcanization on the holding element or that the one or more compensating element and the holding element are formed as a two-component plastic part.

The holding element is preferably disc-shaped or plate-shaped, so that it can ensure the best possible support and positioning and centerability of at least one compensating element. It is particularly preferred that the at least one retaining element has at least one of the partial charges facing recess in which the compensation element is arranged at least in sections. The recess preferably has at least sections a cross-section such that the compensating element can be partially accommodated. As a result, the centering or the position of the compensating element is predetermined on the retaining element. The positioning in the radial direction is thereby considerably facilitated, since the compensation element is received in the recess provided on the retaining element. Of course, it is also possible that the compensating element is arranged between two holding elements, wherein each holding element has a recess for the compensating element.

The projectile according to the invention can also be further developed in that the connecting regions are designed as mutually complementary threads. This advantageously offers the possibility that the two sections, after they have been provided with the partial charges, can be screwed together. In this case, the front in the direction of movement of the projectile portion formed as an internal thread connecting portion and the rear in the direction of movement of the projectile a connecting portion have, which is designed as external thread. Of course, this assignment is reversible.

Furthermore, the formation of the threaded connection regions offers the advantage that the compensation element can be prestressed in a defined manner, since this is elastically deformed by screwing the thread so that the prestressing force results on the two adjacent partial charges.

In addition, it is preferably provided in the projectile according to the invention that the connecting regions form a predetermined breaking point of the projectile. Accordingly, in addition to connecting the two sections, the connecting areas serve the purpose of allowing the projectile to break in a defined manner at the connection area and thus having a predetermined breaking point substantially between the two sections.

Particularly preferred in the projectile according to the invention is provided that at least a partial charge is pressed into a section. Thus, compressible charges can be used which, on the one hand, are more efficient and have better mechanical properties than conventional charges, on the other hand this improves the manufacturing process, since it is not necessary, as is usual in the prior art, to use the projectile or projectile to fill the projectile casing with the cargo through a relatively small mouth opening. Instead, the sections can be filled separately with the charge, in particular, the charge can be pressed into this.

Figur 1

eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses in unmontiertem Zustand;

Figur 2

die Querschnittdarstellung von Figur 1 in montiertem Zustand;

Figur 3

ein Detail der Querschnittsdarstellung von Figur 1 in teilweise montiertem Zustand;

Figur 4

das Detail von Figur 3 in montiertem Zustand;

Figur 5

ein Detail der Querschnittsdarstellung von Figur 1 in teilweise montiertem Zustand;

Figur 6

das Detail von Figur 5 in montiertem Zustand;

Figur 7

ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausgleichselement an einem Halteelement;

Figur 8

die Darstellung von Figur 7 in perspektivische Darstellung;

Figur 9

ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausgleichselement gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 10

ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausgleichselement gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel; und

Figur 11

ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausgleichselement gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic representations and show:

FIG. 1

a cross-sectional view of a projectile according to the invention in unassembled state;

FIG. 2

the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 in assembled condition;

FIG. 3

a detail of the cross-sectional representation of FIG. 1 in partially assembled condition;

FIG. 4

the detail of FIG. 3 in assembled condition;

FIG. 5

a detail of the cross-sectional representation of FIG. 1 in partially assembled condition;

FIG. 6

the detail of FIG. 5 in assembled condition;

FIG. 7

an inventive compensation element on a holding element;

FIG. 8

the representation of FIG. 7 in perspective view;

FIG. 9

an inventive compensation element according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 10

an inventive compensation element according to a third embodiment; and

FIG. 11

an inventive compensation element according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a projectile according to the invention 1 in unassembled state. The projectile 1 comprises a projectile casing 3 surrounding a charge 2. The projectile casing 3 has two sections 4, 5 which each have a connecting region 6, 7. By means of the connecting regions 6, 7, the two sections 4, 5 are connectable to each other, which will be discussed below. The charge 2 comprises two partial charges 8, 9, which are arranged axially one behind the other viewed in the direction of movement of the projectile. Each of the two partial charges 8, 9 is received in a section 4, 5. The partial charge 8 is received in the section 4 and the partial charge 9 in the section 5.

FIG. 1 shows essentially an exploded view of the unmounted projectile 1. Between the two sections 4, 5, a compensation element 10 is arranged. This is arranged between the two cover plates 11, 12, which secure the partial charges 8, 9 in the sections 4, 5.

FIG. 2 shows the assembled state of the projectile 1 of FIG. 1 , As can be seen, the two sections 4, 5 are connected to one another via the connecting regions 6, 7. The connecting portions 6, 7 are formed as a thread, wherein the Connecting portion 7 as an internal thread and the connecting portion 6 is formed as an external thread. By screwing the two connecting portions 6, 7 with each other, the compensating element 10 is elastically deformed under construction of a restoring force, so compressed, so that this on the partial charges 8, 9 exerts a biasing force that biases the partial charges 8, 9 against the projectile casing 3. Of course, the cover plates 11, 12 are designed such that the force generated by the compensation element 10 can be passed to the partial charge 8, 9.

FIG. 3 shows a detail of the projectile 1 of FIG. 1 during assembly. As can be seen, the two sections 4, 5 of the projectile 1 are partially connected to each other, wherein the connecting portions 6, 7 are partially screwed. The compensation element 10, which is formed in this example as an elastic disc is not deformed. By further screwing the section 5 on the section 4 and the connecting portion 6, 7 with each other, the compensating element 10 is deformed, whereby an elastic restoring force is established, which biases the partial charge 8, 9.

FIG. 4 shows the representation of FIG. 3 in assembled condition. Obviously, the compensation element 10 has been deformed by the assembly process, so that the elastic restoring force sets. The two sections 4, 5 are completely screwed together via the connecting regions 6, 7. Advantageously, it is ensured by the compensation element 10 that the partial charges 8, 9 can not detach from the projectile casing 3, so that no gap between the partial charges 8, 9 and the projectile casing 3 is formed. Obviously, it is also prevented by the biasing force that, if a crack occurs in one of the partial charges 8, 9, this can lead to a gap.

FIG. 5 shows one too FIG. 3 similar representation, wherein two compensating elements 13, 14 are provided between the partial charges 8, 9. The compensating elements 13, 14 are not formed as the compensating element 10 as an elastic disc, but as elastic rings. The compensating element 13 has a smaller diameter than the compensating element 14 FIG. 5 the compensation elements 13, 14 are still undeformed, since the two connecting portions 6, 7 are not completely engaged or screwed on each other.

FIG. 6 shows the representation of FIG. 5 in fully assembled state of the projectile 1. Obviously, the two connecting portions 6, 7 were completely screwed together, so that the compensation elements 13, 14 were deformed. As already described, the deformation results in the elastic preload force on the two partial charges 8, 9.

FIG. 7 shows the compensating element 10, which is arranged on a holding element 15. The compensating element 10 is, as already described, formed as an elastic disc and connected to the holding element 15, for example, vulcanized or glued. The holding element 15 is disc-shaped and made for example of metal or plastic. FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the compensating element 10 and the holding member 15 of FIG. 7 , The arrangement of the compensating element 10 on the holding element 15 ensures that the compensating element 15 can be centered and positioned in the projectile 1. In addition, it is ensured during assembly that the compensation element 10 is arranged captively on the holding element 15.

FIG. 9 shows compensating elements 16 to 19, which are arranged on the holding element 15. The compensating element 16 is essentially disk-shaped and the compensating elements 17 to 19 are designed as annular compensating elements with a rectangular cross-section. The compensating elements 16 to 19 are arranged concentrically to the center of the holding element 15. The arrangement of the compensation elements 17 to 19 on the holding element 15 whose relative position is fixed to each other and ensures that it is maintained. Furthermore, the holding element 15 fulfills the task that the compensating elements 16 to 19 centered and positioned in the projectile 1 can be introduced and can retain their position during the assembly-related deformation.

FIG. 10 shows compensating elements 20 to 22, which in turn are arranged on the holding element 15. The compensation elements 20 to 22 are arranged concentrically to the center of the holding element 15 and are designed as annular compensation elements with an annular cross-section.

FIG. 11 shows compensating elements 23 to 26, which are formed as annular compensating elements with annular cross-sections. These are arranged between two holding elements 27, 28, which are formed as circular disks. The holding elements 27, 28 have recesses 29, the compensation elements 23rd to 26 partially record. As a result, the centering and positioning of the compensation elements 23 to 26 is further improved. The arrangement of the compensating elements 23 to 26 between the two holding elements 27, 28, a "sandwich structure" is formed.

Of course, the individual embodiments of the compensation elements and the provision of one or more holding elements can be combined with each other, if this makes sense technically. As an alternative to the use of compensating elements made of elastic material, the compensating element (s) can also be made of a viscoelastic material.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

bullet

2

charge

3

projectile casing

4

section

5

section

6

connecting area

7

connecting area

8th

partial charge

9

partial charge

10

compensation element

11

cover plate

12

cover plate

13

compensation element

14

compensation element

15

retaining element

16

compensation element

17

compensation element

18

compensation element

19

compensation element

20

compensation element

21

compensation element

22

compensation element

23

compensation element

24

compensation element

25

compensation element

26

compensation element

27

retaining element

28

retaining element

29

recess

Claims (13)

Projectile (1) comprising a projectile casing (3) surrounding a charge (2),
characterized,
in that the projectile casing (3) has two sections (4, 5) each having a connection region (6, 7), by means of which connection regions (6, 7) the two sections (4, 5) can be connected or connected to one another, the charge ( 2) at least two axially successively arranged partial charges (8, 9) and in each section at least a partial charge (8, 9) is received, wherein between the at least two partial charges (8, 9) at least one compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) for generating a biasing force in the mounted state on the two part charges (8, 9) is arranged so that they are at least partially in contact with the projectile casing (3). Projectile according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) consists of an elastic material, in particular an elastomer, or a visco-elastic material or comprises one such. Projectile according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the compensation element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) consists of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient differs from that of the charge (2). Projectile according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that at least one compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) has a circular or rectangular cross section and / or a compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) is disk-shaped or plate-shaped and / or a compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) is strip-shaped with a circular or rectangular cross-section. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that at least one partial charge (8, 9) a cover plate (11, 12) is arranged, which faces the respective other portion (4, 5). Projectile according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the at least one compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) is arranged on at least one retaining element (15, 26, 27). Projectile according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the holding element (15, 26, 27) is made of plastic or metal. Projectile according to claim 6 or 7,
characterized,
in that the compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) is arranged on the retaining element (15, 26, 27) by gluing or vulcanization, or in that the compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) and the holding element (15, 26, 27) are formed as a two-component plastic part. Projectile according to one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized,
that the holding element (15, 26, 27) is disc-shaped or plate-shaped. Projectile according to one of claims 6 to 9,
characterized,
in that the compensating element (10, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 20 to 26) is arranged at least in sections. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the connecting portions (6, 7) are formed as mutually complementary threads. Projectile according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the connection regions form (6, 7) has a predetermined breaking point of the projectile (1). Projectile according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that at least a partial charge (8, 9) is pressed into a section (4, 5).

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