EP3262292A1 - Control valve arrangement - Google Patents
Control valve arrangementInfo
- Publication number
- EP3262292A1 EP3262292A1 EP16702423.1A EP16702423A EP3262292A1 EP 3262292 A1 EP3262292 A1 EP 3262292A1 EP 16702423 A EP16702423 A EP 16702423A EP 3262292 A1 EP3262292 A1 EP 3262292A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- face
- deflector
- recess
- armature
- spool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
- F02M51/0642—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto
- F02M51/0653—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
- F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
- F02M63/0073—Pressure balanced valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/26—Fuel-injection apparatus with elastically deformable elements other than coil springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/31—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements
- F02M2200/315—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements for damping fuel pressure fluctuations
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a fuel injector and more particularly to a control valve arrangement.
- a control valve indirectly controls the motions of a valve member, also identified as a needle in reference to its elongated shape, by opening and closing an outlet conduit enabling fuel at high pressure to exit a control chamber which internal pressure solicits the needle.
- the control valve comprises a body provided with a hydraulic bore opening in a recess and with a magnetic armature-and- valve-spool-assembly.
- the spool is slidably arranged in the bore while the disc-shape armature displaces in the recess as a function of a magnetic field generated by a controlled solenoid.
- the spool and body further define a valve seat which opens or closes when said assembly translates. When the seat opens, fuel at high pressure exiting the control chamber flows through the open passageway and hits the under face of the disc-shape armature when entering the recess. This violent impact disrupts the travel of the armature-and-spool-assembly and the functioning of the control valve.
- a control valve assembly for a fuel injector comprising a cylindrical body and, an armature-spool assembly adapted to translate within the body.
- the body extends from a first, or upper, face to an opposed second, or lower, face, and is provided with a large recess opening in the first face and also with a hydraulic distribution bore extending in the body along a main axis from the bottom face of the recess.
- a fixed valve seat is provided around the opening of the bore in said bottom face of the recess.
- the body is further provided with a hydraulic outlet conduit extending through the body and opening in the hydraulic bore and also with a return conduit extending from the large recess.
- the armature-spool assembly comprises a disc shape magnetic armature having an upper face opposed to an under face and a stem forming valve spool fixed to the armature and perpendicularly extending from its under face.
- the armature-spool assembly is further provided with a spool seat arranged in the vicinity of the under face the armature.
- the armature-spool assembly is arranged in the body, the spool being slidably adjusted in the hydraulic bore and the armature being moveable in the recess. Said assembly is able to translate between a closed position where the spool seat is in sealing contact against the fixed valve seat and, an open position where the spool seat is lifted away from the fixed valve seat enabling, in use, fuel to flow to enter in the recess.
- the control valve assembly is further provided with a deflector arranged in the recess, between the armature and the bottom face of the recess, the deflector being adapted to deflect away from the under face of the armature the flow of fuel entering the recess when the valve is in open position so that, the displacements of the armature-spool assembly are not disturbed by said entering flow.
- the deflector comprises a deflector face, or bottom face, provided with a central opening, said deflector face being arranged transverse to the valve axis and being pushed toward the bottom face of the recess by a pusher feature, while being maintained at a distance of the bottom face of the recess by a spacer feature.
- the pusher feature can be a cylindrical wall integral to the deflector face and erecting from the periphery of said deflector face to an upward circular edge, said cylindrical wall outwardly protruding from the recess above the level of first face of the body so that, when the control valve assembly is arranged in a fuel injector, another part of the body of the injector that comes in surface contact with the first face of the valve body downwardly biases the deflector.
- the spacer feature is arranged between the deflector face of the deflector and the bottom face of the recess and it has resilient characteristics so that said spacer feature always biases the deflector face away from the bottom face of the recess.
- the first face of the body is further provided with a plurality of notches, said notches opening in the recess.
- the deflector also comprises a transverse deflector face provided with a central opening, and with tabs radially extending from the edge of said deflector face, each tab being arranged in a notch.
- the deflector further comprises a tubular spacer ring non-integral to the deflector face, said spacer ring being placed over the deflector face and outwardly protruding from the recess above the level of first face of the body so that, when the control valve assembly is arranged in a fuel injector, another part of the body of the injector that comes in surface contact with the upper face of the valve body downwardly biases said the spacer ring and the deflector face.
- the invention also extends to a fuel injector comprising a control valve assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
- FIG. 1 is an axial section of a fuel injector provided with a control valve arrangement as per a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is an axial section of the control valve of figure 1.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the control valve of figure 2, said valve being provided with a deflector.
- FIG. 7 is a second embodiment of a control valve as per the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a top view of the second embodiment of figure 4.
- a fuel injector 10 particularly adapted to diesel fuel although the invention is also applicable to gasoline injectors.
- the injector 10 has a generally elongated body 12, the injector 10 extending along a main axis XI from a head 14 to a nozzle assembly 22.
- the head arrangement 14, arbitrarily drawn on the top of figure 1, comprises an electric connector 16, a fuel inlet 18 and a fuel outlet 20.
- the pointy tip extremity of the nozzle assembly 22, at the extreme bottom of the figure, is provided with spray holes 24 for delivering fuel in a combustion chamber.
- the injector 10 generally comprises an actuator member 26 arranged above a control valve 28 arranged above the nozzle assembly 22. Said three main subassemblies are coaxially XI fixed to each other's by an injector cap nut 30.
- the actuator member 26 comprises an actuator body 32 extending from the head 14 to a lower face 34 where opens a recess 36 upwardly extending in the body 32.
- a solenoid 38 is arranged in the recess 36 and is electrically connected to the connector 16 via electric conductors 40 upwardly extending in a specific conduit 42 opening in the upper part of the recess 36.
- a compression leaf spring 44 downwardly soliciting the solenoid 38.
- the solenoid itself is provided with an internal blind bore 46 wherein is compressed a coil spring 48.
- the control valve 28 has a valve body 50 axially XI extending between a upper face 52 and an opposed lower face 54.
- the valve body 50 is provided with a hydraulic bore 56 axially extending along a valve axis X2 that is parallel and slightly offset with the main axis XI .
- the bore 50 upwardly opens in the bottom face 58 of a large recess 60 itself opening in the upper face 52 of the valve body 50.
- the opening of the hydraulic bore 56 in the bottom face 58 of the recess is surrounded by a conical face forming a fixed valve seat 62.
- a deflector 64 In the large recess 60 is arranged a deflector 64, a first embodiment of which being detailed on figures 2 and 3.
- Said first embodiment of the deflector 64 is a punched metal sheet having a cup-like shape with a bottom face 66 provided with a central hole 68 and with a peripheral cylindrical wall 70 perpendicularly upwardly erecting from the circular edge of the bottom face 66 up to an upper circular edge 72.
- the deflector 64 is arranged in the large recess 60 so the central hole 68 is aligned with the hydraulic bore 56 and, the bottom face 66 of the deflector is parallel to the bottom face 58 of the recess, a leaf spring 74 being arranged between said two bottom faces 58, 66 so that, an inter- space S remains open under the deflector 64.
- any type of spring such as resilient tongues, enabling to maintain a distance between said two bottom faces 58, 66, fits the purpose.
- figures 4, 5 and 6 present different alternatives of spring 74 that are integral to the bottom face 66 of the deflector 64.
- the springs 74 are provided by partially cutting said bottom face 66 in order to form tongues 75 that are outwardly bent around a non-cut edge, said bending providing resilient characteristics to the tongue 75.
- the embodiment of figure 4 comprises three rectangular tongues 75 each being cut on three sides and slightly bent on the fourth. To provide stability when arranged in the large recess 60, the tongues 75 are arranged every 120° relative to the valve axis X2.
- the embodiment of figure 5 comprises six rectangular tongues 75 arranged by pair of face to face tongues that are cut along their common length and a common width.
- the tongues 75 are bent about their non-cut width.
- the pair of tongues 75 are arranged every 120° relative to the valve axis X2.
- the embodiment of figure 6 comprises three tongues 75 each forming a circular segment.
- the cut is operated along the circular edge of the bottom face 58 and the binding is done along the chord of said segment.
- the tongues 75 are arranged every 120° relative to the valve axis X2.
- the tongues 75 are arranged every 120° while other embodiments of four or more tongues arranged every 90° or less is also possible.
- control valve 28 is provided with an armature-spool assembly 76 comprising a magnetic disc-shape armature 78 and a stem-like cylindrical spool 80.
- the spool 80 downwardly axially X2 extends from an upper end that is inserted and crimped in a central orifice of the armature 78, the top face 82 of said upper end slightly protruding above the armature 78.
- the spool 80 is provided with a plurality of cylindrical portions of different diameters and, just below the armature 80, with a conical face forming a spool seat 84.
- the spool 80 When arranged in the valve body 50, as shown on figure 2, the spool 80 is slidably adjusted in the hydraulic bore 56, the spool seat 84 cooperates with the fixed valve seat 62 and, the spool extends through the central hole 68 of the deflector 64 for the armature 78 to be inside the cup-like deflector 64.
- the nozzle assembly 22 has a body 86 which extends from an upper face 88 down to the tip provided with the spray holes 24.
- the body 86 is provided with an axial valve bore 90 in which is slidably arrange a valve member 92, also known as a needle valve in reference to its elongated shape.
- Said member 92 extends from a needle head protruding in a control chamber 94, close to the upper face 88, down to a pointy tip that forms another valve seat cooperating with the spray holes 24.
- the lower portion of the nozzle body 86 is thinner than its upper portion, a transverse shoulder face 96 joining both portions.
- the three main parts of the injector 10 are fixed together by the cap nut 30, the thinner part of the nozzle being inserted in the nut 30 which comes in abutment against the shoulder face 96, the nut 30 being then threaded to the actuator body 32.
- valve body 50 By tightening the cap nut 30, the valve body 50 is axially XI compressed between the actuator body 32 and the nozzle body 86.
- the lower face 34 of the actuator body comes in sealing surface contact with the upper face 52 of the valve body and, in doing so, the deflector 64, which upper circular edge 72 was protruding above the upper face 52, is slightly pushed downward inside the large recess 60 compressing the leaf spring 74 which still maintains open the inter space S.
- the coil spring 48 protruding out of the solenoid is further compressed as it comes in contact against the top face 82 of the spool.
- the injector 10 is provided with a high pressure conduit 98, for conveying fuel at high pressure from the fuel inlet 18 down to the spray holes 24.
- This high pressure conduit 98 comprises a plurality of portions aligned throughout the actuator, the valve and the nozzle bodies 32, 50, 86. It also diverts from its main path, inlet 18 to holes 24, by having a branch 100 joining the control chamber 94.
- the injector 10 is also provided with a return conduit 102 comprising a first portion 104, or outlet conduit extending in the valve body 50 from the control chamber 94 to the hydraulic bore 56 then, a second portion 106 extending in the actuator body 32 from the large recess 60 to the fuel outlet 20.
- the injector 10 is arranged in a fuel injection equipment of an internal combustion engine and, a control unit, not represented, is connected to the injector to enable piloting to energize the solenoid 38.
- the solenoid 38 When the solenoid 38 is energized, it generates a magnetic field that attracts the armature 78 which then translates toward the solenoid 38 further compressing the coil spring 48.
- the armature-spool assembly 76 moves to an open position OPV where the spool seat 84 lifts away from the fixed valve seat 62 and opens passageway for the high pressure fuel to spring out of the hydraulic bore 56 and enter the large recess 60.
- the decreasing pressure in the control chamber 94 enables the needle valve 92 to lift in an open position OPN enabling fuel injection through the spray holes 24.
- the jet flow entering the large recess 60 hits the under face of the deflector 64 then flows in the inter space S toward the second portion 106 of the return conduit.
- the deflector 64 deflects the jet flow away from the armature 78, the displacements of the armature-spool assembly 76 being undisturbed.
- the valve body 50 is provided on its upper face 52 with two notches 108 diametrally arranged about the opening of the large recess 60.
- the deflector 64 comprises a deflector face 110 which is a circular disc plate provided with a central hole 68 and also with two arms 112 radially extending from the outer edge 114 of the disc. Said arms 112 are slightly angled relative to the plan of the disc 110 so, when in position, the deflector face 110 is placed in deep inside the recess and parallel to the bottom face 58 of the recess and, the two radial arms 112 are set in the notches 108. In that position the inter space S is preserved.
- the deflector 64 further comprises a cylindrical tubular spacer ring 116 placed on the top deflector face 110 and the radial arms 112.
- the spacer ring 116 has a height such that in place before the general assembly of the injector 10, it slightly protrudes above the level of the upper face 52 of the valve body and, it also has an outer diameter smaller that the opening of the large recess 60 so that, when the injector 10 is assembled and the cap nut 30 is tightened, the spacer ring 116 is pushed downward, pushing in turn the deflector face 110 and obliging the radial arms 112 to further resilient bending while still keeping open the inter space S.
- the deflector face has been described with two radial arms 1 12 although an embodiment with another number of flexible arms is possible. LIST OF REFERENCES
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18188428.9A EP3431747B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB201503158A GB201503158D0 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2015-02-25 | Control valve arrangement |
PCT/EP2016/052118 WO2016134926A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18188428.9A Division-Into EP3431747B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
EP18188428.9A Division EP3431747B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3262292A1 true EP3262292A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
EP3262292B1 EP3262292B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
Family
ID=52822174
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18188428.9A Active EP3431747B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
EP16702423.1A Active EP3262292B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18188428.9A Active EP3431747B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Control valve arrangement |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP3431747B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107250525B (en) |
GB (1) | GB201503158D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016134926A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015224177A1 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with control valve |
CN112196710A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-08 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel injector |
CN113090800B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江伟山机械有限公司 | Mechanical valve with automatic flow-off function |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9526522D0 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1996-02-28 | Lucas Ind Plc | Valve arrangement |
JP3633885B2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2005-03-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Electromagnetic valve device and fuel injection device using the same |
US6655611B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-12-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Electromagnetic fuel injector comprising flexible element for positioning armature |
DE102006021741A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with pressure compensated control valve |
DE102007001556A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for injecting fuel into combustion chamber of internal combustion engine, has magnetic valve accommodated in valve area in injector body of injector, where valve area is separated into wet area and dry area over diaphragm |
DE102007047152A1 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injector with an annulus separate anchor space |
DE102007052753A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with optimized Absteuerstoss |
DE102011078564A1 (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Control valve for a fuel injector and fuel injector |
-
2015
- 2015-02-25 GB GB201503158A patent/GB201503158D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2016
- 2016-02-02 WO PCT/EP2016/052118 patent/WO2016134926A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-02 EP EP18188428.9A patent/EP3431747B1/en active Active
- 2016-02-02 CN CN201680011406.7A patent/CN107250525B/en active Active
- 2016-02-02 EP EP16702423.1A patent/EP3262292B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3262292B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
WO2016134926A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
CN107250525A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
EP3431747B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
GB201503158D0 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
EP3431747A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
CN107250525B (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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