EP3251076A1

EP3251076A1 - Method for improving the capacity utilization of a low-voltage network

Info

Publication number: EP3251076A1
Application number: EP16701924.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tobias GAWRON-DEUTSCH; Alfred Einfalt; Jan WIEGHARDT; Yaroslav BARSUKOV; Jürgen Götz; Nicolas GÜMBEL; Ralf MOSSHAMMER
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2015-01-29
Filing date: 2016-01-26
Publication date: 2017-12-06
Also published as: WO2016120240A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the capacity utilization of a low-voltage network (1, 2) using a communications network (13) between components of the low-voltage network, - controlled components (4, 6-11) supplying a central computer (12) with network data, - said central computer (12) producing a network condition prognosis and a utilization analysis of the individually controlled components (4, 6-11) from these network data and comparing the individually controlled components (4, 6-11) in relation to the network condition prognosis and the utilization analysis, - the individually controlled components (4, 6-11) that could change their capacity utilization being asked to perform a load distribution.

Description

description

Method for improving the utilization of a

Low voltage network

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for improving the utilization of a low voltage network using a communication network between components of the

Low voltage network.

Low voltage grids are part of the electricity grid

Distribution of electrical energy to most of the final electrical consumers consisting of low voltage equipment. To avoid voltage losses are

Low-voltage networks in the spatial extent limited to a range of some 100 m to a few kilometers. They will therefore be regional over

Transformer stations from a parent

Fed medium voltage network. They are in Europe

Usually operated with a mains voltage of 230 V (between each phase conductor and the neutral conductor) or 400 V (between the three outer conductors), but in any case only up to 1000 V. Rated power of individual

Local grid transformers may vary depending on the destination grid planning of the respective distribution system operator, but are typically 250 or 400 kVA for rural areas and 630 or 800 kVA for inner city areas.

The term low-voltage network in the sense of this invention designates a part of the distribution network, ie one

Section that is powered by a particular local power transformer with electrical energy.

Components of the low-voltage network can be:

Generators (e.g., photovoltaic systems,

Small wind turbines), storage (eg batteries, Heat pumps), eg charging stations for electric vehicles, flexible consumers (eg electric storage heaters, buildings with and without building automation system and

corresponding actuators (= converters or actuators) convert electrical energy into mechanical motion or other physical quantities (eg pressure or temperature)) and network equipment (transformers, lines, fuses, meters such as smart meters, etc.).

State of the art

The classical grid operation in the electricity supply is due to the increasing penetration of decentralized, usually renewable, power generation plants (DEA, usually in the power range from 3 to 100 kW) before large

Challenges posed. Added to this is the development of electromobility and thus an increase in the substitution of other forms of energy transmission with electricity. The so-called "smart grid" will be the solution for this

Seen problems. The smart grid or intelligent power network includes the communicative networking and control of power generators, storage, electrical consumers and network resources in energy transmission and power

Energy distribution networks of the electricity supply.

In the future, so-called "smart buildings", also referred to as smart homes or smart buildings, will also include components such as fluctuating generators (e.g.

Photovoltaic systems, small wind turbines), flexible

Consumers and storage for electrical energy included, or about the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The building becomes "smart" or intelligent through the use of a modern building automation system.Building automation encompasses the entirety of monitoring, control, and control systems

Optimization facilities in buildings. The aim is,

Functional sequences independent of components across components

(automatically) and according to preset settings (Parameters). All sensors, actuators,

Controls, consumers and other technical units in the building are networked together. Processes can be summarized in scenarios. Characteristic feature is the continuous networking by means of a bus system.

The building automation systems of the Smart Buildings, or the energy management systems as part of the

Building automation systems must therefore optimize the internal requirements of electrical and thermal energy for the individual components of the building, create local (building-related) forecasts and have flexible tariff allocations which have market-specific or network-specific proportions.

consider .

In electricity generating plants> 100kW is about in

Germany due to the so-called

Medium Voltage Directive (Directive for connection and

Parallel operation of generation plants on the medium-voltage network) provided that the electricity generation plants on their own for static and dynamic grid stabilization

need to contribute. Similar requirements could therefore be met in future by smaller electricity generation plants, such as those in smart buildings.

In addition, distribution grid operators in Germany can restrict the decentralized generation of electrical energy if the network constraints require it. The current trend in decentralized power generation and the parallel delay in grid development make it likely that this will be increasingly used.

At the same time, the energy producing units are in increasingly complex contexts, e.g. one

Combined heat and power plant generates electrical energy and heat for a district heating network and / or it is in addition to

Water treatment used. A possible intervention of the Distribution grid operator of the electrical network, however, is blind (with regard to, for example, the combined heat and power plant), so that unwanted cascades can arise. So can about the

Network operator of the electric distribution network

Cogeneration plant prescribe a reduction in the supply of electrical energy, with the result that less district heating is supplied, but by the operator of the

District heating network is not desired or intended.

One problem to solve is that of the outside

obligatory mandatory energy chokes

Delay the low-voltage grid as long as possible. A low voltage network has several active components that work together in the low voltage grid. There are several types of consumers, producers and hybrids. The connected buildings can not have remote-readable counters, with a so-called "smart meter"

equipped or equipped with a building management system. Furthermore, there is the distribution network operator who operates a, possibly adjustable, local network transformer (RONT) and thus the subject low-voltage network. All these components together form the local branch in which the network boundary conditions must be observed. Nationwide, so-called Virtual Power Plants (VPP) operate, which buy and sell electrical energy regardless of the local situation.

None of the above components can be any

Correct network problems without throttling. The VPP knows the local networks and thus the objective

Low voltage network not. The distribution system operator knows neither the producers' feed-in schedules nor the contracts between the producers and the VPPs. It can be in the case of throttling so disadvantages in terms of

Compensation energy costs for individual market participants or the VPP operator result because the planned timetables can not be met. On the other hand, the schedules of VPP so far may not be in strategic planning of the low - voltage grid, which can lead to overloading of the network

Low-voltage network. So far, e.g. Inverter with a P / Q

Feed-in limit, which prevents too much power from being fed into the low-voltage grid when a local limit value is exceeded. Thus, although the local boundary conditions are then ensured locally, but it is not certain that the throttling of this

Component is sufficient, nor that not too strong

is throttled and thus less energy is gained as possible.

An attempt to disentangle the market and to disentangle the network supervision represents the so-called "network traffic lights"

States red, yellow and green reflect the respective

Network state. The individual components, in particular the generators, can only be in the green state, where there are no restrictions from the network view and all market mechanisms can be used without restriction, or in the state red, where the network constraints demand hard requirements for the supply and thus local market mechanisms for a limited time are restricted, work. In the yellow state, within the network boundary conditions, a market-based

Optimization of the utilization of the low-voltage network

be made, so an optimization of the

individual components (e.g., the producer in the

Low-voltage grid) or the energy supplied to the individual market participants (for example VPP, ONS) with regard to the currently valid energy price.

This task of optimizing in the yellow state could now be transferred to the VPPs. However, this is not expedient, because it allows all market participants in this

Low-voltage grid would dictate to whom they need to sell their energy. If more than one VPP in the

considered low voltage network (= a branch of the b

general low-voltage network), they would have to work together, even if they were different

Operated by market participants. This mixture of market-oriented and network-oriented behavior with several participants can not be separated and harbors clean

regulatory issues in terms of the

Unbundling (separation of network and distribution in

Energy supply company). An intermediate stage in which attempts are made without hard specifications to make optimum use of the resources and, despite strong feed-in from DEA, to comply with the network boundary conditions, does not yet exist. Alternatively, there is the possibility of centrally coordinated throttling of the producers by the grid operator. However, this can not take into account the local conditions of the producers.

Presentation of the invention

The aim of the present invention is to provide the technical

Meet the requirements of the low-voltage grid and also, if possible, the economic aspect

consider. The fulfillment of the technical task includes compliance with the network constraints and the guarantee of the permanent power supply of the

Consumer. The economic aspect implies compliance with the utilization of the low-voltage grid (for example by the VPP, producers or consumers) so that the individual components are as economical and efficient as possible

can maximize profit. For this, the individual components must be able to communicate with each other. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1, wherein

- network data is sent from controllable ("intelligent") components to a central computer, - Wherein the central computer based on these network data performs a network state forecast and a utilization analysis of the individual controllable components and

a comparison of the grid condition forecast and the

Utilization analysis between each controllable

Components,

- Whereupon the individual controllable components, which could change their utilization according to load analysis, are called upon to load balance.

With controllable components are so-called

"Intelligent" components referred to, which has its own controller (usually in the form of software) of the

Have load pick up from the low voltage network or the load delivery to the low voltage network, e.g. virtual

Power Plants (Virtual Power Plants, VPP), photovoltaic systems and their storage, small wind turbines, smart meters or smart buildings. On the other hand one understands under a utilization analysis a

List of the flexibility available from the controllable components in the network. As a rule, the current load (supply or removal of electrical power) and the maximum and / or minimum possible load (electrical power) that could be delivered or removed are recorded. The maximum and minimum possible load depend on the controllable component itself, but the network constraints must also be met, e.g. a wind turbine must not feed so much power that the grid is overloaded.

Creating the load analysis means that the central computer with the network data also currently

present utilization of the controllable components is communicated, so possibly the individual controllable

Components can perform a load balance with each other within the same low-voltage network, with a Load balancing usually includes a load shift or a feed change. It should be noted that the load balancing with the help of another

Low-voltage network can be performed. This procedure thus makes it possible to avoid the above-described red state or to counteract the red state internally in the network, whereby the flexibility available from the controllable components is either sufficient to maintain the yellow range or it is insufficient and the network operator intervenes got to. This results in the

Possibility that the network subscribers for the release of energy of their controllable components for load balancing from the other network subscribers, which the available

consume energy, compensation,

for example, in monetary form or in the form of a

Credit, is offered. Here, the exchange value can be fixed or dynamically according to the current

Market value or past market values

Auctions are determined. Providing some form of flexibility, ie offering, holding and retrieving energy, may be provided by the network operator or

Distributor incentives are created and paid out. These range from an internal, virtual currency through higher connection performance to real

Cash flows.

In addition, with the invention, a kind

Pre-stage network protection consisting essentially of a central computer (computerized system), e.g. in a distribution station of the low-voltage network

is housed, with a communication unit. This pre-primary network protection solves at least two tasks: Firstly, it supports the distribution system operator in predicting the network situation in the future, by making production and consumption forecasts for the low-voltage grid

connected controllable generator and controllable

Consumer collects. Second, he can give that to the

Low voltage grid connected controllable generator and Consumers against future intervention of the

Distribution system operator warn. Producers and consumers can then assess the consequences of such an intervention and take timely countermeasures. If e.g. The distribution system operator wants to throttle the supply of energy via the transformer of the low voltage network in the superimposed medium-voltage network at a given time, can from this point more energy from producers in the low-voltage network or from storage in the

Low-voltage network can be fed, and / or the

Load reduction of a smart building can be reduced or postponed to later.

The network state forecast may be e.g. as a result, the states of the low voltage network provide similar to the network traffic lights: the network may be in the green state, where there are no restrictions from the network view, or in the state red, where in some or all network nodes there are injuries

Network boundary conditions exist. In the yellow state, the network state forecast provides a red state in the future, with the above-described flexibilities being retrieved to prevent the red state. In the yellow state it is possible to differentiate between two further states, the "yellow-green" state, in which the offered ones

Flexibilities will be sufficient to avoid the red state, and the "yellow-red" state in which the

offered flexibilities will not be enough to avoid the red state. In general, a network state forecast is e.g. from a set of network nodes for each existing one

Time series are used or created by substitute value generation based on available data time series. The most important time series are the load curve (feed-in power and / or consumption), the expected voltage and

Traffic light levels. If required, other time series such as current and thermal load on the cables / cables can also be included in the grid condition forecast. The central computer performs a comparison of

Network State Forecasting and Utilization Analysis between the individual components and informs the individual controllable components according to their capacity utilization

Change the load analysis, the analysis that has been performed, and how the individual controllable components can load balance with each other. Thus, the central computer provides forecasts, which predict when it will come to problems with network security and what countermeasures will be necessary. In doing so, he is able to by retrieving the available

Flexibility of each individual controllable component to counter or notify the current network problem, from when e.g. With shutdowns of the low-voltage network is expected. This secures the grid stability and gives to the other network operators and energy suppliers

Planning security. All thus have an interest in participating in the method according to the invention.

The mesh condition forecast can be of varying complexity

be carried out: it can be aggregated about only the network data supplied by the individual controllable components.

It is also advantageous if the network state forecast, which is performed based on the network data of the individual controllable components, is supplemented by forecasts based on weather data and / or historical data. This makes it possible to refine the grid condition forecast.

Weather data allow the central computer, the

Injection of photovoltaic and small wind turbines predict if they do not already contain the weather data in their load forecasts. Due to weather data (e.g., outside temperature curves) and / or from

historical data (previous load recordings or load deliveries on days with the same or similar weather data or on days same date), the consumption of uncontrollable consumers can be predicted.

It can also be provided that from the central computer for further, non-controllable components a - especially generic - load profile created and this in the

Net State Forecast is recorded. This means that even "non-intelligent" components, such as households or buildings without smart meters, can be taken into account in the grid condition forecast.

Taking the network topology into account when creating the grid condition forecast and / or utilization analysis has the advantage of being much more selective

controllable components can be selected for the solution of the network bottleneck. Thus, as another

Secondary condition also the power loss in the network

be taken into account. As a central computer preferably a separate computer in the local network station of the low-voltage network or in the control room of the network operator is used. Thus, the central computer is responsible for a low-voltage network. Conceptually, the central computer is located in the local network station next to the transformer of the

Low-voltage network. This has the advantage that the computer is connected directly to the controller of the transformer and, in the case of Powerline Communication (PLC), the data from the smart meters and possibly also the

Building management systems (more precisely their

Energy Management Systems = Customer Energy Management

Systems) directly from the PLC modem. The advantages of this setup are the proximity, the reduced distance communication links and the fact that the failure of one computer does not affect the whole

Area of influence of the distribution system operator, but only the comparatively small low-voltage grid. The disadvantage of this lineup is the large one

Number of additional hardware components to maintain. An alternative is to combine several central computers of different

Low voltage networks, e.g. through virtualization. Ideally, the virtualization computer is located at a network-topologically useful node, such as a substation or data center. For example, there are the

Control units for all connected

Low-voltage networks in the substation or

Mittelspannungsumspannwerk. It is of course also possible to connect all low - voltage networks in the control room of the

Distribution system operator together. The technical implementation of the summary of tasks of computers is not limited to virtualization. It is only important that each low-voltage network is treated separately by the others.

It is advantageous if network data are sent from the controllable components (for example, the building management system or the energy management system for photovoltaic systems) to the central computer at regular time intervals, whereby this data is always updated

It is possible to calculate the grid condition prognosis, whereby the time intervals best correspond to the times in which experience shows that it is necessary to react to changes in the low-voltage grid. The time intervals are preferably in the range of 15 minutes to one hour. A higher clocking brings the need for more powerful computers in the

Building management systems as well as a better

Communication connection and thus higher costs. On the other hand, there are the network boundary conditions, which tolerate a certain overshoot of the limits over several minutes. Thus, the higher costs would be at a

Time interval of less than 15 minutes only bring about a comparatively small improvement of the overall system. The longer one waits with the reassessment of the situation, the more drifting prognosis and actual state diverge and Decisions are made based on outdated information. On the other hand, longer intervals could be used to more robustly integrate supraregional VPPs or other networks, for example

Network data are sent once a day at a specific time to the central computer, which after the creation of the network state forecast and the load analysis not only the controllable components to perform a

Load balancing contacted, but possibly also the surrounding low-voltage networks.

The invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method according to the invention, comprising

Communication network between the components of

Low-voltage network and a central computer, wherein controllable components are provided, the network data can be sent to the central computer, and wherein the central computer is designed such that this from the network data, a network state forecast and a

Load analysis of each controllable component, and a comparison of the

Perform grid state forecast and load analysis between the individual controllable components, whereupon the individual controllable components that can change their load according to utilization analysis, to a

Load balancing can be requested.

As a result, the invention realizes a first time

communication-based, cooperative network protection which, if necessary, provides for the crackdown (e.g., shutdown of the low-voltage network) by

Information in the form of network state forecast largely prevented or reduced. If the penetration can not be prevented despite a network state prognosis, at least all controllable components or all am

Low-voltage network involved components on it

prepared . For example, each feed-in node may have its profit

maximize with the information, when he probably can not keep his contracts with a supraregional VPP due to network problems. The economic damage as a result of penetration can thus be minimized.

The network protection according to the invention can on the one hand be operated regionally, since it takes care of a small part of a low-voltage distribution network, and on the other hand

be operated nationwide, since a low-voltage network for load balancing the necessary energy of another

Low-voltage network can be provided.

The concept is based on the fact that the individual components exchange information not only about their current state, but also about their schedules (ie their planned future workloads). The invention provides a

Pre-network protection, which protects the low-voltage network, but intervenes before the classic

Network protection (e.g., based on fault current analysis).

In classic network protection, fault currents are interrupted quickly and as selectively as possible. Protection devices of this type are used in the model of the network traffic light in the red state. The invention allows the efficient utilization of

Equipment of the low voltage network up to the limits of the nominal load capacity by building a traffic light system, which is a cooperative behavior of the components of the

Low voltage network allows. From the central computer can with the network state forecast also the

Network edge conditions (e.g., the nominal load capacity) to the

Components are sent so that they can be taken into account by the components, so are not exceeded.

Due to the fact that the method or system according to the invention does not exist on already existing control levels, such as the classical network protection or the intelligent local network station, builds up, it does not affect the orderly

Operation of these elements. The use of the invention can make the low voltage grid more operable, a

Deterioration is not possible because then the classic electrical network protection would take effect.

Brief description of the figures

To further explain the invention, reference is made in the following part of the description to the figures, from which further advantageous embodiments, details and further developments of the invention can be found. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of two conventional

Low-voltage networks,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of two

3 shows a flow chart for the method according to the invention in connection with the different types of low-voltage networks according to the invention

Network conditions according to the so-called network traffic lights.

Embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1 shows an example of the scheme of two similar low-voltage networks 1, 2, which are supplied via an energy distribution network 3 and each a local power transformer 4 with electrical energy. Each low-voltage grid 1, 2 has non-controllable components, such as buildings 5 or households, and controllable components, such as smart buildings 6 (intelligent buildings - both residential and

Commercial buildings), small wind turbines 7, photovoltaic systems 8, charging stations of electric vehicles 9, smaller

Manufacturing plants, farms,

Combined heat and power plants 21, larger cooling systems 20, buildings with battery storage 19. All components of the respective Low-voltage network 1, 2 are connected via electrical lines 10 with each other and with the local power transformer 4. The electrical lines 10 themselves can also for

Data transmission between the individual components are used (Powerline Communication, PLC).

Smart Buildings 6 have an energy management system that generally coordinates the procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy, in this case electrical energy. Coordination is foresighted, organized, systematic and taking into account environmental and economic objectives. It comprises organizational and information structures including the necessary technical measures, such as Software. One

Energy management system therefore includes according to the invention

at least one computer or a PLC with energy management software as well as data links (e.g., data lines) to information sources, meters, and the controllers to be controlled

Components of the building.

Furthermore, in FIG. 1, two virtual power plants VPP1, VPP2 are provided, each with

Components of various low-voltage networks 1, 2 are connected, namely in this example with decentralized power generators (photovoltaic 7, wind turbines 8,

Cogeneration Plant 21 or Smart Buildings 6, if they also have generating and storage facilities). One

virtual power plant is an interconnection of

decentralized - generally relatively small - power generation units, such as

Photovoltaic systems, small hydropower plants and

Biogas plants, but also from small wind turbines and mini or micro combined heat and power plants to a network that can provide demand-led electrical power. Virtual because the power plant has more than one location. The power generation units of a virtual

Power plant VPP1, VPP2 are interconnected via their own data links 11. If now a - represented in Fig. 1 by a lightning - network problem (eg very strong overvoltage over several

Minutes) occurs in the first low-voltage network 1, the controllable local power transformer 4 is first adjusted to the lowest level. In the example, this is not enough and the distribution system operator must prescribe a reduction of the feed-in power to the systems that can receive the signals (Smart Buildings 6 in this example).

Otherwise, he violates the network conditions and does not meet his quality requirements. In extreme cases, this can lead to a total ban on feed-in (especially if many feed-in systems can not handle this signal). The affected plant operators can therefore not comply with their pre-negotiated supply contracts with the VPP operators.

In Fig. 2, the same system as shown in Fig. 1, but has in Fig. 2, each low-voltage network 1, 2 via a central computer 12, with the help of the

inventive method is performed. The central computer 12 is connected by a communication network 13 to the individual components of the low-voltage network 1, 2

connected. The communication network 13 may be in a

Embodiment of the electrical leads 10 of the

Low-voltage network 1, 2 exist, so that a power line communication (PLC) is realized. However, for the method according to the invention, also separate data connections can be made or other existing data connections (for example from smart meters) can be used.

Again, the same starting position applies: the overvoltage is very strong in the network and can by changing the

Trafostufen alone can not be compensated. In contrast to the previous example, here the smart buildings 6 and generating plants 7, 8, 21 report their timetables, which they have negotiated with the respective VPP operators of the virtual power plants VPP1, VPP2, to the central computer 12 in FIG respective local network station. For example, at 11am, the buildings and power plants send the

Infeed timetable for the next day (0-24h). This consists, for example, of a feed-in power in watts for each 15-minute time window (ie 96 values). In the case of buildings, the value can also be negative - the building then draws energy from the grid. To get a more complete picture will not be pre-announced for all

Connected components created the network data based on historical data and standard network data.

These values can now be used to create an entire image over the next day (when to expect a peak load, when with a feed tip, what will it be, etc.). This then results in a

"Traffic light profile" - ie a time series in which every 15 minutes is indicated, in which state the

Low voltage grid is likely to be located. Over the next day, this grid condition forecast will become

updated and adapted to the real conditions. Each newly created network state forecast is transmitted to the buildings 6 and generating plants 7, 8, 21 in a timely manner.

The earlier, e.g. An intelligent building 6 knows that there is a risk that all feeders 7, 8, 21 will be shut down due to a strong overvoltage at 12 o'clock at the tip of the lunch feed, it may still change its timetables. One possibility would be to inform the virtual power plant VPP1, VPP2 in advance and apply this to the new one

Situation can adjust. Also could be the building's internal

Self-consumption optimization can be changed so that only at noon, the boiler is heated, the refrigerator cooled, the electric vehicle is charged, etc. will. Although this would be a suboptimal solution under an ideal network (= it never comes to a yellow or red network state), it may be better to risk a down regulation in a red network state. By contrast, the central computer 12 in a yellow network state, a network state forecast and a Utilization analysis by. This network state forecast and utilization analysis are compared with each other between the individual controllable components 4, 6-11, whereupon the individual controllable components 4, 6-11, which their

Capacity utilization according to utilization analysis could be asked to load balance. Are offered by the components 4, 6-11 total more load balancing than for

Avoiding the red state are needed, the central computer 12 selects which load balancing are performed.

Taking into account the network state forecast, the

Utilization analysis and the request for load balancing are carried out by components 4, 6-11, purely voluntarily and only according to internal criteria. Therefore, it is a cooperative system. If every participant acts purely selfish and does not change his behavior, then everyone will

Participants punished by Abregein. The inventive method can as follows in the

Traffic light model, which was developed as a basis for discussion in the National Technology Platform Smart Grids Austria (see Fig. 3) embedded. The states Red R, Yellow GE and Green GR then each reflect the different network state. The same is true for all local

Components.

The individual controllable components 4, 6-11 of

Low-voltage network 1, 2 are here in power generator 7, 8, 21, electric vehicles or their charging stations 9,

Energy storage 19 or 22 and flexible consumer 14 divided. They are all over control and

Controlled control units 15, which is monitored by a higher-level controller 16 (an object manager, such as a building's energy management system).

In the state yellow or green can be market-based

Energy services 17, ie market mechanisms, to which acting on higher-level control 16. In the green state, information about energy price and / or amount of energy can be exchanged and the controller 16 or the control and regulation units 15 send correspondingly different control commands to the controllable components 4, 6-11. In the state yellow, information about energy price and / or electrical power can be exchanged and the controller 16 or the control and regulation units 15 according to others

Send control commands to the controllable components 4, 6-11.

This results in the possibility of distinguishing between two further states, the "yellow-green" state in which the conditions determined by the utilization analysis or

analyzed flexibilities will be sufficient to avoid the red state, and the "yellow-red" state in which the offered flexibilities will not be sufficient to avoid the red state.

According to the invention is now between the market-based

Energy services 17 on the one hand and the controller 16 and the control and regulating units 15 on the other hand, the central computer 12 connected in a planning phase a

Network state forecast and / or utilization analysis between the individual controllable components 4, 6-11 created and suggests a load balance between the individual controllable components 4, 6-11. In the operational phase, the central computer 12 retrieves the flexibilities offered by the controllable components 4, 6-11, ie the voluntarily offered change of the load, and carries out the load balancing, which includes a load shift or a feed change, so that the red state is prevented can be. In the process, the load balance can also be supplemented by another

Low-voltage network 1, 2 are performed. In the

If necessary, the planning phase will be the

Network state forecasts based on forecasts

Weather data and / or historical data added. In this case, in a further embodiment of the central computer 12th created a load profile for additional, non-controllable components and included this in the grid condition forecast.

In the network state Red R is provided that a

Safety device 18 with regard to electrical

Power or load (continuous arrow) sends control commands that also run on the central computer 12 according to the invention and from this now according to the

Modified network state forecast and utilization analysis and only then to the controller 16 and the control and

Control units 15 are forwarded. Just

Control signals of the safety device 18 with high

Priority (dashed arrow) are sent without interference by the central computer 12 directly to the controller 16 and the control and regulation units 15. The central computer 12 operated according to the invention should have such a case of direct penetration, e.g. from

Distribution system operator (which the incident and its

Treatment corresponds in Fig. 1) largely avoid. However, it is necessary to provide the possibility of direct penetration.

Reference sign list

1 first low-voltage network

2 second low voltage grid

3 energy distribution network

4 local power transformer

5 buildings

6 Smart Building

7 small wind power plants

8 photovoltaic system

9 charging station of electric vehicles

10 electrical lines of the low voltage network

11 data connections of the virtual power plant

12 central computer 13 communication network

14 flexible consumers

15 control units for controllable

components

16 higher-level control

17 market-based energy services

18 safety device

19 energy storage

20 cooling system

21 combined heat and power plant

22 battery

GE power status Yellow

GR network status green

R Network status Red

VPP1 first virtual power plant (Virtual Power Plant)

VPP2 second virtual power plant (Virtual Power Plant)

Claims

claims

1. Method for improving the utilization of a

Low-voltage network (1, 2) using a communication network (13) between components of the low-voltage network (1, 2), characterized in that

- network data from controllable components (4, 6-11) are sent to a central computer (12),

- wherein the central computer (12) based on these network data, a network state forecast and a

Load analysis of the individual controllable components (4, 6-11) and performs

- performs a comparison of the network state forecast and the load analysis between the individual controllable components (4, 6-11),

- Whereupon the individual controllable components (4, 6-11), which could change their capacity utilization according to utilization analysis, are called for load balancing.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the load balancing a load shift or a

Feed-in change. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the load compensation by means of another low-voltage network (1, 2) is performed.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the network state forecast, which is carried out based on the network data of the individual controllable components (4, 6-11), supplemented by forecasts based on weather data and / or historical data.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the central computer (12) for further, non-controllable components (5) creates a load profile and this in the network state forecast

is recorded.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the creation of the

Network state forecast and / or utilization analysis the network topology is taken into account.

Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the central computer (12) is a separate computer in the local network station of the

Low-voltage network (1, 2) or a virtualized computer for several low-voltage networks is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at the central computer (12) in regular time sequences network data from the controllable components (4, 6-11) are sent.

System for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a communication network (13) between components of the low-voltage network (1, 2) and a central computer (13), characterized

characterized in that controllable components (4, 6-11) are provided whose network data to the central

Computer (12) can be sent, and wherein the central computer is designed such that this from the network data, a network state forecast and a

Load analysis of the individual controllable components (4, 6-11), and a comparison of the network state forecast and the load analysis between the individual controllable components (4, 6-11)

can perform what the individual controllable

Components (4, 6-11), which can change their load according to load analysis, can be requested to load balance.