EP3247945A1 - Systeme d'injection de carburant pour turbomachine d'aeronef, comprenant un canal de traversee d'air a section variable - Google Patents
Systeme d'injection de carburant pour turbomachine d'aeronef, comprenant un canal de traversee d'air a section variableInfo
- Publication number
- EP3247945A1 EP3247945A1 EP16703587.2A EP16703587A EP3247945A1 EP 3247945 A1 EP3247945 A1 EP 3247945A1 EP 16703587 A EP16703587 A EP 16703587A EP 3247945 A1 EP3247945 A1 EP 3247945A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injection system
- central body
- flared
- air
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/027—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of combustion chambers for aircraft turbomachines, preferably for turbojet engines.
- Injection systems are the subject of many developments. Their design is constantly optimized to improve their performance in ground ignition, reignition at altitude, or extinction. It is also desirable to limit idle pollution as much as possible, which is closely related to the capacity of the injection system to be atomized and to mix the injected fuel with the air.
- Such aerodynamic injection systems are known from documents FR 2 875 585, or from documents FR 2 685 452 and FR 2 832 493.
- the invention thus aims to at least partially overcome the disadvantages relating to the embodiments of the prior art.
- the subject of the invention is an assembly comprising an injection system for an aircraft turbomachine combustion chamber, as well as a fuel injector cooperating with the injection system, this assembly being in accordance with the claim 1.
- the invention is first of all remarkable in that it makes it possible to vary the length of the fuel film that matches the central body of the injection system, as a function of the output range of this injection system in the aerodynamic bowl.
- This ability to vary the length of the fuel film advantageously influences the stability of the flame, which can be satisfactory for all engine speeds.
- the invention introduces an additional degree of freedom in the design of the injection system, by varying the passage section of the air passage channel defined between the first and second coaxial flared ends. Thanks to this feature, the geometry of the injection system can be adapted according to the operating points of the turbomachine, which also contributes to obtaining increased performance for all engine speeds.
- the fact of being able to vary the passage section of the air passage channel makes it possible to influence the richness of the air-fuel mixture, which directly impacts the stability of this mixture.
- this faculty of variation of the passage section of the air passage channel can influence the atomization of fuel, which occurs at the output of the second flared end of the central body.
- the atomization phenomenon has a direct impact on the stability of the combustion chamber, on the ground ignition and reignition capability at altitude, or on pollutant emissions at idle speed. All of these parameters can thus be optimized for all operating points of the turbomachine, thanks to the degree of freedom of movement introduced into the design of the injection system according to the invention.
- the invention preferably has at least one of the following optional features, taken singly or in combination.
- first and second flared ends are of frustoconical shape and delimit between them a frustoconical air passage channel of variable section as a function of an axial relative position between said first and second flared ends. Nevertheless, other flared non-frustoconical shapes can be retained, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the injection system comprises an intermediate structure arranged radially between a base of the central body and a base of the aerodynamic bolus, said intermediate structure delimiting with the base of the central body an axial flow channel of the fuel film towards said second end flared from the central body.
- the base of the aerodynamic bowl comprises two concentric walls between which is arranged an air introduction auger between the two concentric walls.
- Said moving means comprise a motor, for example a linear motor.
- Said first flared end of the aerodynamic bowl is pierced with air introduction holes in a combustion chamber delimited by this bowl.
- the subject of the invention is also an aircraft turbomachine combustion chamber comprising a chamber bottom pierced with apertures spaced apart from one another, the combustion chamber comprising, associated with each opening of the chamber bottom, a unit such that described above.
- the subject of the invention is an aircraft turbomachine comprising such a combustion chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a turbojet according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal half-sectional view of the combustion chamber of the turbojet shown in the previous figure
- FIG. 3a and 3b show views of the principle of an injection system equipping the combustion chamber shown in the previous figure, respectively in two separate positions of the central body of the injection system;
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show views of an injection system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, respectively in two distinct positions of the central body of this injection system;
- FIG. 5 shows a similar to those of Figures 4a and 4b, in which it was partially schematized the air and fuel paths through the injection system.
- an aircraft turbomachine 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- This is a turbojet engine with double flow and double body.
- turbomachine of another type for example a turboprop, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the turbomachine 1 has a longitudinal axis 3 around which its various components extend. It comprises, from upstream to downstream in a main direction of gas flow through this turbomachine, a fan 2, a low pressure compressor 4, a high pressure compressor 6, a combustion chamber 8, a high pressure turbine 10 and a low-pressure turbine 12.
- this turbomachine 1 is controlled by a control unit 13, only shown schematically. This unit 13 allows in particular to control the different operating points of the turbomachine.
- Part of the combustion chamber 8 is reproduced in more detail in Figure 2. It has in particular an outer shell 14 centered on the axis 3, an inner ring 16 also centered on the same axis, and a chamber bottom 18 connecting the two ferrules at their upstream end.
- Fuel injectors 20 are regularly distributed over the chamber bottom, in the circumferential direction (a single injector being visible in FIG. 2). Each of them has an injector nose 21, oriented along a main axis 22 slightly inclined with respect to the axis 3. In this respect, it is indicated that this axis 22 is parallel to the main flow direction of the flow 24 through the room.
- Each injector 20 is associated with an injection system 30, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
- the injection system 30 cooperates upstream with the injector nozzle 21, while it opens downstream into the combustion chamber 8
- the injection system 30 is housed in an opening 32 formed through the chamber bottom 18.
- FIGS 3a and 3b show the principle of the injection system 30 according to the invention.
- This system 30, of the aerodynamic injection system type first comprises an outer wall formed by an aerodynamic bolus 40, equipped with a first end flared downstream 42, said divergent portion.
- This flared end 42 is of frustoconical shape, of axis 22.
- the bowl comprises a base 44 also centered on the axis 22.
- the system 30 comprises a central body 46 solid at least partially housed in the housing. The interior of the space defined by the bowl 40.
- the body 46 is equipped with a second end flared downstream 48, said divergent portion.
- This flared end 48 is of frustoconical shape, of axis 22.
- the body comprises a base 50 also centered on the axis 22, and arranged inside the base 44 mentioned above.
- the injector 20 cooperates with the injection system 30 so that a film of fuel travels along the central body 46, downstream.
- the fuel film 52 thus flows downstream on the outer surface of the base 50 and the flared end 48 of the central body 46.
- the film 52 is atomized. which allows it to hang the flame 54 located inside the chamber.
- the recirculation formed at the end of this diverging portion 48 stabilizes the flame and thus increase the extinction performance of the hearth.
- the flared end 42 has an annular row of holes 66 for introducing air into the combustion chamber. These holes are located near a fixing flange (not shown) for fixing the bowl on the chamber floor 18, in the associated opening 32.
- the selected design thus implements a circulation of a fuel film 52 along the central body 46 of the injection system, as is for example the prior art.
- This fuel film injection design differs from the so-called "spray" design in which the fuel is injected via a spin, also allowing the passage of air. Due to the passage of fuel in the spin, in the form of a spray, the air permeability of the injection system is modified. In contrast, in the invention, the air is intended to circulate through the injection system 30 via an air passage channel 56 delimited between the bowl 40 and the central body 46. This circulation, preferably initiated by a twist (not shown in Figures 3a and 3b), is not disturbed by the fuel film 48 flowing only on the inner wall of the channel 56.
- a frustoconical air passage channel 60 constituting the downstream portion of said channel 56.
- the frustoconical channel 60 is centered on the axis 22 and has a cross section referenced SI in Figure 3a.
- One of the peculiarities of the invention resides in the fact that the injection system integrates a degree of freedom of movement making it possible to vary the cross section of the frustoconical channel 60, according to the needs met.
- the injection system 30 comprises moving means 62, allowing relative movement between the first and second flared ends 42, 48, along the axis 22.
- These means 62 are of type conventional, for example incorporating a linear motor, or an electromagnet. They are controlled by the unit 13, and make it possible to set the central body 46 in motion inside the bowl 40, the latter being fixed with respect to the chamber bottom 18 and to the injector 20. Also, depending on the axial relative position between the first and second flared ends 42, 48, the cross section of the channel 60 varies. In FIG. 3b, this section referenced S2 is smaller than the section S1 of FIG. 3a, because the central body 46 has been moved upstream by the means 62.
- the fact of being able to vary the passage section of the channel 60 makes it possible to influence the richness of the air-fuel mixture, which directly impacts the stability of this mixture.
- This faculty of variation of the passage section of the air passage channel makes it possible to influence the atomization of the fuel, which occurs at the outlet of the second flared end of the central body.
- the atomization can be characterized by the ratio of the amounts of air and fuel movements, and therefore directly dependent on the passage section of the air passage channel.
- This atomization may also vary according to the length of the fuel film 52 conforming externally to the central body 46, this length being greater in the position of FIG. 3a than in the position of FIG. 3b on which the central body 46 is in position. withdrawal, upstream.
- the atomization phenomenon has a direct impact on the stability of the combustion chamber, on the ground ignition and reignition capability at altitude, or on pollutant emissions at idle speed. All of these parameters can thus be optimized for all operating points of the turbomachine. For example, a significant pressure drop of air through the injection system is advantageous for atomizing and mixing the fuel at idle, in order to increase the stability of the flame.
- the position of FIG. 3b, with the reduced section S2 will therefore be preferred for this idling speed of the turbomachine.
- the position of FIG. 3a will preferably be retained for the full throttle and cruising regimes.
- FIG. 4a and 4b there is shown the injection system 30 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the elements bearing the same reference numbers as elements of the principle figures 3a and 3b correspond to identical or similar elements.
- the moving means 62 of the main body 46 have not been shown in these figures 4a and 4b. Nevertheless, these means 62 are obviously provided and controlled to move the main body 46 from the position of Figure 4a to that of Figure 4b, and vice versa.
- the injection system 30 comprises an intermediate structure 70, arranged radially between the base 50 of the central body 46 and the base 44 of the bowl 40. It is relatively to this intermediate structure 70 that the main body 46 is capable of being displaced axially between the two positions of FIGS. 4a and 4b, while the structure 70 remains fixed relative to the injector 20 and the bowl 40.
- the intermediate structure 70 defines with the outer surface of the base 50 an axial annular channel 72 for the flow of the fuel film 52, in the direction of the second flared end 48 of the central body 46. It is indeed this channel 72 which is fed in known manner by the injector 20 and which allows to generate the thin film of fuel 52 along the central body 46, before encountering the air introduced into the injection system. In the preferred embodiment shown, the fuel bypasses the upstream end of the solid central body 46 before marrying the outer wall thereof internally defining the axial annular channel 72.
- the base 44 of the bowl 40 here comprises two concentric walls 44a, 44b between which is arranged a swirl 76 for introducing air between the two concentric walls, this swirl being of axial or radial character.
- internal wall 44b surrounds the intermediate structure 70, so as to delimit between them a channel 80 opening downstream.
- the channel 80 is not intended to be traversed by an air flow.
- the latter In the channel 60 of greater width than that of the channel 72 in which the fuel film 52 is created, the latter remains confined along the lateral surface of the frustoconical end 48 of the central body 46, thanks to the passage of the air 82 in the same channel 60.
- the darkest shaded portion 52 of Figure 5 represents the fuel path from the injector 20 to the flame 54, while the lightest gray portion 82 represents the flow of the fuel. air.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1550444A FR3031798B1 (fr) | 2015-01-20 | 2015-01-20 | Systeme d'injection de carburant pour turbomachine d'aeronef, comprenant un canal de traversee d'air a section variable |
PCT/FR2016/050107 WO2016116700A1 (fr) | 2015-01-20 | 2016-01-20 | Systeme d'injection de carburant pour turbomachine d'aeronef, comprenant un canal de traversee d'air a section variable |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3247945A1 true EP3247945A1 (fr) | 2017-11-29 |
EP3247945B1 EP3247945B1 (fr) | 2018-12-05 |
Family
ID=52692939
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16703587.2A Active EP3247945B1 (fr) | 2015-01-20 | 2016-01-20 | Ensemble comprenant un système d'injection pour chambre de combustion de turbomachine d'aéronef ainsi qu'un injecteur de carburant |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10371384B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3247945B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3031798B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016116700A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3096114B1 (fr) | 2019-05-13 | 2022-10-28 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Chambre de combustion comprenant des moyens de refroidissement d’une zone d’enveloppe annulaire en aval d’une cheminée |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2930191A (en) * | 1953-01-29 | 1960-03-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Air-fuel control in prevaporizer type combustion chambers |
US3490230A (en) * | 1968-03-22 | 1970-01-20 | Us Navy | Combustion air control shutter |
US4150539A (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1979-04-24 | Avco Corporation | Low pollution combustor |
US4271675A (en) | 1977-10-21 | 1981-06-09 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Combustion apparatus for gas turbine engines |
DE3518080A1 (de) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-20 | Stubinen Utveckling AB, Stockholm | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen fluessiger und/oder fester brennstoffe in pulverisierter form |
US5235813A (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1993-08-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Mechanism for controlling the rate of mixing in combusting flows |
FR2685452B1 (fr) | 1991-12-24 | 1994-02-11 | Snecma | Dispositif d'injection de carburant pour une chambre de combustion de turbomachine. |
US5217363A (en) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-06-08 | Gaz Metropolitan & Co., Ltd. And Partnership | Air-cooled oxygen gas burner assembly |
US6199367B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2001-03-13 | General Electric Company | Air modulated carburetor with axially moveable fuel injector tip and swirler assembly responsive to fuel pressure |
FR2832493B1 (fr) | 2001-11-21 | 2004-07-09 | Snecma Moteurs | Systeme d'injection multi-etages d'un melange air/carburant dans une chambre de combustion de turbomachine |
FR2875585B1 (fr) | 2004-09-23 | 2006-12-08 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Systeme aerodynamique a effervescence d'injection air/carburant dans une chambre de combustion de turbomachine |
US20100031669A1 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-11 | Cessna Aircraft Company | Free Turbine Generator For Aircraft |
-
2015
- 2015-01-20 FR FR1550444A patent/FR3031798B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-01-20 US US15/542,860 patent/US10371384B2/en active Active
- 2016-01-20 WO PCT/FR2016/050107 patent/WO2016116700A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-01-20 EP EP16703587.2A patent/EP3247945B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180010799A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
WO2016116700A1 (fr) | 2016-07-28 |
FR3031798B1 (fr) | 2018-08-10 |
US10371384B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 |
EP3247945B1 (fr) | 2018-12-05 |
FR3031798A1 (fr) | 2016-07-22 |
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