EP3247471B1 - Training apparatus for improving force, mobility, endurance and control at the level of various joints and the soft tissue structures surrounding them - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a training device for improving strength, mobility, endurance and control at various joints and their surrounding soft tissue on the extremities. It can be used both as a general training device and also specifically before or after surgery. Especially in the area of knee, hip and shoulder rehabilitation, the direct postoperative applicability is an essential feature of the training device.

Knee surgery is one of the most common operations in orthopedics and trauma surgery. Postoperatively, the fastest possible restoration of the extensibility in the knee joint as well as the improvement of muscle strength and control of the extensor are of outstanding importance. The same applies to operations on the shoulder, hip or other joints. While rapid improvement of mobility on the shoulder is essential to prevent stiffening, especially after the prosthesis has been placed on the hip, the rapid gain of strength and control ability to quickly learn a safe gait is at the center of early rehabilitation. At the same time, the training device can also be viewed and used as an essential component of non-drug thrombosis prophylaxis.

In older treatment concepts, pain catheters were used in the knee joint in the immediately postoperative phase to numb the leg in order to relieve the patient of the pain. However, patients with pain catheters are not allowed to stand up because the risk of falling with a partially anesthetized leg is very high. As a result, patients were often bedridden for several days and also developed fear of pain, so that the healing process was significantly delayed. The use of movement rails with which the leg or in other cases also the arm or the shoulder joint is moved passively without the Working with the patient generally does not result in the healing process being significantly accelerated. For this reason, the aim is to motivate a patient to take active action as early as possible and thus actively promote his healing process.

This treatment approach, also known as early rehabilitation, is increasingly being implemented in visceral surgery under the term "fast track". In orthopedics and trauma surgery, too, there are various approaches for faster mobilization, especially after hip or knee arthroplasty, but also after cruciate ligament surgery and in the growing sector of outpatient surgery.

One goal is to enable adaptation to the, as has been shown, inter-and intra-individually very different movement restrictions of the patients or their individual constitution. In addition, it is desirable to carry out and evaluate a large number of reproducible measurements or to provide the patient with individually tailored force profiles. The possibility of automatic data storage and the adaptation of training and rehabilitation programs to the individually obtained results would also be advantageous.

From the WO 2011/041678 an exercise device is known which essentially has a sensor body with force sensors and connectors on opposite sides of the sensor body. The connectors are intended, for example, to be connected to a resiliently anchored elastic element or a handle or other components such as loops, elastic straps or snap hooks in order to exert tensile or compressive forces on the sensor body.

The sensor body is composed of two sections, each of which is essentially U-shaped and has a strut at its free ends are interconnected. There is a force sensor on each strut for detecting tensile or pressure forces exerted on the sensor body via the connectors. Finally, the sensor body also contains a circuit board with CPU, output devices such as LEDs, loudspeakers and a wireless transmission device etc., as well as a power supply, so that the signals detected by the force sensors can be transmitted to a remote receiving station.

Based on the knowledge and objectives presented above, the invention has for its object to provide a training device of the type mentioned, with which a faster, in particular postoperative improvement in strength and control in particular in the knee or shoulder joint and thus faster mobilization can be achieved . At the same time, the patient's compliance should be improved, thus motivating the patient to actively influence his or her rehabilitation result.

This object is achieved with a training device according to claim 1 and claim 4.

The dependent claims contain advantageous developments of the invention.
Particular advantages of this solution are that the training device according to the invention can be used in a very early phase immediately after an operation, in particular on the shoulder or knee or hip joint, if it is not yet possible to exert such high forces. The training device according to the invention also enables problem-free independent training. This also has the consequence that the patient's motivation for active participation as well as his willingness to assume personal responsibility for the recovery process in an early phase after an operation is considerably increased.
Furthermore, the training device according to the invention can also be used on other joints such as the ankle and for other indications such as conservative therapies, prevention, general training or as thrombosis prophylaxis and as a diagnostic tool to achieve certain rehabilitation goals.
Further advantages of the invention consist in the fact that the use of pressure or tensile force sensors in various configurations enables a relatively precise force measurement that can be visualized and stored in real time and thus gives the patient immediate feedback.

For this purpose, the training device comprises an electronic circuit arrangement with which the measurement signals generated by the pressure or tensile force sensors are processed and transmitted wirelessly or by wire to a remote receiving station, in particular for visualization and / or storage.

Furthermore, the patient can be given a certain stored force profile as a target curve and, for example, shown on a display, and the target curve can then be compared with an achieved actual curve for analysis and evaluation. This can also be represented in a playful way in the sense of simple computer games by using various apps that have been developed for these devices. It is also possible to automatically adapt the profile of a predetermined target force curve to a specific actual condition of a patient or his current performance. The actual curve of the force curve actually achieved can also be stored and compared with other such actual curves achieved later for progress analysis. The automatically saved data and curves provide the patient and therapist with precise information about the training units actually carried out, the strength values achieved and deviations from a specified actual curve and about the individual training progress. Finally, in the therapist mode, it can preferably be preconfigured whether both knee or hip or shoulder joints or only the right or left side should be trained.

Despite all these advantages, the training device is relatively simple, portable and inexpensive to manufacture.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes sowie eine beispielhafte erste Anwendung;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes sowie eine beispielhafte zweite Anwendung;

Fig. 3

eine schematische dreidimensionale allgemeine Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes zur Verdeutlichung von dessen Funktionsweise;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 5

eine dreidimensionale erste Ansicht der ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 6

eine dreidimensionale zweite Ansicht der ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 7

eine erste Explosionsdarstellung der ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 8

eine zweite Explosionsdarstellung der ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 9

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 10

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 11

eine erste Explosionsdarstellung der zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 12

eine zweite Explosionsdarstellung der zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 13

eine erste Explosionsdarstellung der dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes;

Fig. 14

eine zweite Explosionsdarstellung der dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Trainingsgerätes; und

Fig. 15

ein Blockschaltbild einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Verarbeitung und Übertragung von erfassten Kraftsensorsignalen.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic view of a training device according to the invention and an exemplary first application;

Fig. 2

a schematic view of a training device according to the invention and an exemplary second application;

Fig. 3

is a schematic three-dimensional general view of a training device according to the invention to illustrate its operation;

Fig. 4

a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an exercise device according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a three-dimensional first view of the first embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a three-dimensional second view of the first embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a first exploded view of the first embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 8

a second exploded view of the first embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 9

a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 10

is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of an exercise device according to the invention;

Fig. 11

a first exploded view of the second embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 12

a second exploded view of the second embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 13

a first exploded view of the third embodiment of a training device according to the invention;

Fig. 14

a second exploded view of the third embodiment of a training device according to the invention; and

Fig. 15

a block diagram of a circuit arrangement for processing and transmission of detected force sensor signals.

With the invention and in particular with the embodiments of the training device according to the invention described by way of example below, in particular the arm and the shoulder or elbow joint or lateral movements in the leg and thus muscle groups surrounding the hip joint and the knee can be trained. In principle, the flexion side can also be used with these embodiments of the knee joint and ultimately every joint or form of movement that is to be trained on train, so that there are a multitude of possible uses. Targeted back training with forms of movement in the various movement axes can also be carried out without any problems.

In the Figures 1 and 2 Various applications of such a training device 10 are shown.

It essentially comprises a cylindrical housing, on the two axial ends of which, for example, loops 11, 12 are fastened, with which it is fixed in place on the one hand on a door handle or on a wall and on the other hand with a patient's hand or leg or lower leg can be held. By pulling, the arm and shoulder or leg and hip muscles or the relevant joints can then be trained.

For this purpose, the housing is either made of a material that is particularly flexible in the axial direction, such as rubber or hard rubber, and is provided, for example, with strain gauges on its surface, or it contains corresponding spring arrangements with tensile force measuring devices, for example in the form of tension - or pressure force sensors.

Figure 3 schematically shows an exemplary general structure of a training device 10 according to the invention.

A first or a second fastening device 13, 14, for example in the form of a hook or an eyelet, is arranged on the two end or axial ends of the training device 10 or of its housing, for example in the form of a hook or an eyelet, for example by means of a metal plate 131, 141 are mounted on the housing and to which the loops 11 and 12 are attached. In the case shown, the housing is cylindrical and has a circular cross section, but it could also be one have another cross section including a rectangular or square cross section.

By in the Figures 1 and 2 shown application of the training device are exerted on this tensile forces in the direction of its longitudinal axis. In order to measure these tensile forces, the training device has one or more tensile or pressure force sensors which, depending on the configuration of the training device, can be designed, for example, in the form of strain gauges or other tensile or compressive force sensors.

If the training device or its housing is made of a material which is extensible by the tensile forces mentioned or has such a material, strain gauges can also be applied to this material in a generally known manner in order to detect changes in length due to the tensile forces acting on them.

On the other hand, there is also the possibility of applying the tensile forces acting on the two axial ends or the fastening devices 13, 14 via rods 15, 16 located within the training device 10 and fastened with their ends to the metal plates 131, 141, on corresponding coil springs, plate springs, and evolute springs or to direct other spring arrangements with corresponding tensile force measuring devices 17 (only indicated schematically) within the housing in order to measure their elongation or extension again by means of strain gauges or other force sensors.

In the housing there is also the above-mentioned electronic circuit arrangement (not shown) with which the above-mentioned strain gauges or other force sensors are connected and with which the generated force sensor or measurement signals are processed and preferably transmitted wirelessly or wired to a remote receiving station for evaluation .

Figure 4 (A) shows a schematic cross-sectional view (schematic diagram) of essential components of a first embodiment of the training device.

The training device in turn has, as described above, a first and a second fastening device 13, 14 (hook or eye etc.) at its two end or axial ends. It includes the circuit board P with the electronic circuit arrangement, by means of which the signals detected by a force sensor D1 are preferably transmitted wirelessly or by wire to a receiving and evaluation station, and at least one battery compartment B with a battery or rechargeable battery (which, for example, has a mini USB port can be charged) or one or more photocells on the outside of the training device to supply power to the circuit board P.

In this case, the force sensor D1 for detecting the tensile force F _Z exerted on the training device by a patient is formed by a pressure force sensor, such as a pressure measuring foil D1, on which a first lever arm H1 of a lever acts. The second lever arm H2 of the lever is connected to the second fastening device 14. The lever arms H1, H2 are connected to one another essentially at right angles and are preferably pivotally mounted on the training device at their connection point about an axis of rotation H _R , so that according to the representation of the force profiles in FIG Figure 4 (B) by a tensile force F _Z , which acts on the second lever arm H2 essentially in the vertical direction, a corresponding force F _{R is} exerted on the pressure measuring film D1 in the direction perpendicular to the second lever arm H1.

Thus, in this first embodiment, the tensile forces F _Z exerted by a patient are detected by means of a pressure force sensor D1.

The Figures 5 and 6 schematically show a three-dimensional first and second view of this first embodiment of a training device according to the invention from different angles.

The illustrations in turn show the first fastening device 13, which in this case has two clamping jaws by way of example, by means of which the training device can be clamped, for example, on a door bar or another rod 132, and the second fastening device 14 for a loop 12, with which a patient exerts the aforementioned tensile forces F _Z on the training device.

Furthermore, a first and a second holding device 102, 103 are provided, which are spaced along the longitudinal axis of the training device, along which the tensile forces F _Z exerted thereon also act. On or between these two holding devices 102, 103 are the lever with the first lever arm H1 (the second lever arm H2 cannot be seen in these representations), and preferably at least a first battery compartment B1, the circuit board P, and at least one first upper strut 105 and arranged or fastened at least one first lower strut 107. The second holding device 103 has a bore 103a for a pin 103c (see Figures 7 and 8 ) with which the lever is pivotally mounted on the second holding device 103 about its axis of rotation H _R. Finally, an end cover 104 is preferably also located on the end face of the second holding device 103, which is outer in the axial direction.

The Figures 7 and 8 schematically show a first and a second exploded view of this first embodiment of the invention from different angles.

In addition to those in the Figures 5 and 6 Components shown in these views also show the second lever arm H2 of the lever, a second battery compartment B2, and a second upper strut 106 and a second lower strut 108.

It can also be seen that there is a projection 109 at the free end of the first lever arm H1, via which the first lever arm H1 presses on the pressure force sensor D1. This pressure force sensor D1 rests on a corresponding support in the first holding device 102 and is electrically connected to the circuit board P.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the second holding device 103 has, in addition to the already mentioned bore 103a for the pin 103c, a recess 103b which is dimensioned in such a way that the second lever arm H2 can be accommodated therein when it is on the second holding device 103 by means of the pin 103c is pivotally mounted.

The second fastening device 14 is fixed to the second lever arm H2 in order to transmit the tensile force F _Z exerted by a patient to the latter. For this purpose, the second lever arm H2 has, for example, a threaded bore 143, into which a corresponding threaded section 142 on the second fastening device 14 is screwed.

In addition, a key switch T on the second holding device 103 or the end cover 104 is indicated schematically in these figures, which is connected to the circuit board and is used, for example, to switch the transmission of the sensor signals on and off. Furthermore, one or more LEDs for signaling operating states of the circuit board P or the circuit arrangement applied thereon can also be attached.

The two holding devices 102, 103 are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction of the training device by means of the preferably four struts 105, 106, 107, 108 and are mechanically fixed to one another. The length, number and arrangement of the struts 105, 106, 107, 108 are suitably dimensioned in accordance with the length of the first lever arm H1 and the space required for the at least one battery compartment B1, B2 and the circuit board P. The circuit board P and / or that at least one battery compartment B1, B2 can be fastened to the struts and / or at least to one of the two holding devices 102, 103 by means of conventional assembly means. The end cover 104 is also attached to the second holding device 103, the pushbutton switch T, and the threaded section 142 is guided through the end cover 104 to the threaded bore 143 by means of known assembly means (such as, in particular, screws, nuts, bushings, washers and spring washers, etc.) in professionally.

In particular to protect the components located between the two holding devices 102, 103, namely in particular the lever H1, H2, the at least one battery compartment B1, B2 and the circuit board P from outside influences, a cylindrical housing 101 in the form of a tubular section is preferably provided, which extends in the assembled state of the training device from the first to the second holding device 102, 103 and encloses these components.

Figure 9 (A) shows a schematic cross-sectional view (schematic diagram) of essential components of a second embodiment of the training device. The same or corresponding parts as in particular in Figure 4 are provided with the same or corresponding reference numbers.

In contrast to the first embodiment, in which the tensile force F _Z exerted by a patient is directed via a lever to a compressive force sensor D1, the tensile force F _{Z is} detected in this second embodiment by means of a strain gauge or a known strain gauge tension rod D2.

For this purpose, the training device has a shaft W, which engages with one end on the first fastening device 13 and with its other end on the second fastening device 14. The shaft W is preferably on the first holding device by means of a first bearing L1 (in particular a plain bearing) 102 and / or by means of a second bearing L2 (in particular a plain bearing) on the second holding device 103, so that the in Figure 9 (B) force curve shown results.

One or more strain gauges D2 (DMS) are applied to at least a section of the shaft W, or at least a section of the shaft is designed in the form of a DMS tension rod D2.

In this embodiment too, the training device in turn preferably contains a circuit board P, at least one battery compartment B with a battery or rechargeable battery (which can be charged, for example, via a mini USB connection) or one or more photocells on an outside of the training device for supplying it with voltage, and a pushbutton switch T in particular for switching the circuit arrangement on the circuit board P on and off.

Figure 10 (A) shows a schematic cross-sectional view (schematic diagram) of essential components of a third embodiment of the training device. The same or corresponding parts as in particular in Figure 9 are again provided with the same or corresponding reference numerals.

This embodiment differs from the second embodiment essentially only in that instead of a strain gauge applied to a shaft W or the use of a strain gauge tension rod, a tensile force sensor D3 is used here, which is a separate component (available, for example, from Althen © GmbH) is arranged in series between the shaft and the first or the second fastening device 13, 14. Figure 10 (B) shows the corresponding force profile, here again the shaft W is preferably mounted on the first holding device 102 by means of a first bearing L1 (in particular a sliding bearing) and / or on the second holding device 103 by means of a second bearing L2 (in particular a sliding bearing).

Also in this embodiment, the training device also preferably contains a circuit board P, at least one battery compartment B with a battery or rechargeable battery (which can be charged, for example, via a mini-USB connection) or one or more photocells on an outside of the training device for its voltage supply , and a key switch T in particular for switching the circuit arrangement on and off.

In the Figure 9 illustrated second embodiment is now to be based on Figures 11 and 12 are explained in more detail, which schematically show a first and a second exploded view from different angles.

The DMS tension rod D2 can be seen as an essential element, the first axial end of which is connected to the first fastening device 13, optionally via an intermediate piece, and the other second axial end of which is optionally connected to the second fastening device 14 via an intermediate piece. Furthermore, the DMS tension rod D2 is provided in the area of at least one of its two ends with a slide bearing L1, L2, with which, as mentioned above, on the first and / or the second holding device 102a, 102b; 103 is stored.

In comparison, the in Figure 10 shown third embodiment of the invention in the Figures 13 and 14 shown in more detail, these figures again schematically showing a first and a second exploded view from different angles.

As already mentioned, an essential difference is only that the tensile force measurement is carried out by means of a tensile force sensor D3, which as a separate component between one end of the shaft W and a fastening device (in the presentation of the Figures 13 and 14 the first fastening device 13) is arranged.

In the second and the third embodiment, the end cover 104 on the second holding device 103, the circuit board P and the at least one battery compartment B1, B2 for batteries or rechargeable batteries (or alternatively also one or more photocells, for example, on an outside of the housing) is also preferred 101) for supplying power to the circuit arrangement on the circuit board P, and the pushbutton switch T, in particular for switching the circuit arrangement on and off. Furthermore, in particular, one or more LEDs for signaling operating states of the circuit board P or the circuit arrangement applied thereon can also be attached to the end cover 104.

Regardless of the type of tensile force measurement using levers and compressive force sensors or using strain gauges or strain gauge tension rods or tensile force sensors Figures 11 to 14 one compared to the Figures 7 and 8 another possibility of arranging and fastening the components on or between the first and the second holding device. Further possibilities are conceivable, which can be chosen freely and independently of the type of tensile force measurement.

According to the Figures 11 to 14 the first holding device comprises a first section 102a and a second section 102b, the first section 102a being located outside the housing 101 at one of its openings and the second section inside the housing 101 in the region of this opening. The second holding device 103 is located inside the housing at the other opposite opening.

The first fastening device 13 is preferably fastened to the first section 102a of the first holding device. Furthermore, in this case second embodiment, the one end of the DMS tension rod or the shaft W or, in the third embodiment, the tensile force sensor D3 with one side also fastened to the first section 102a of the first holding device. In this case, the other side of the tensile force sensor D3 is connected to one end of the shaft W.

The second section 102b of the first holding device and the second holding device 103 each serve to receive the first or second bearing L1, L2, and also to receive and fasten the circuit board P in corresponding recesses Pa and the at least one battery compartment B1, B2 in a manner customary in the art . The assembly of all components takes place, as already mentioned above in relation to the first embodiment and the Figures 7 and 8 was explained, using known assembly means (such as in particular screws, nuts, bushings, washers and spring washers, etc.) in a customary manner.

Figure 15 shows an example of a block diagram of a circuit arrangement, as is preferably implemented on the circuit board P mentioned above. The circuit board P is dimensioned so that it in particular according to the Figures 7 and 8 or 11 to 14 can be used in the training device.

The circuit arrangement comprises a measuring amplifier M, preferably with a low-pass filter TP, the input of which is connected to the relevant pressure or tensile force sensor or strain gauge D1; D2; D3 is connected and with which the generated sensor or measurement signals are amplified and, if necessary, low-pass filtered and preferably digitized. The conditioned sensor signals present at the output of the measuring amplifier M or the low pass TP are fed to a microprocessor MP, with which the signals are processed in such a way that they are transmitted using a preferably wireless transmission device Tr, for example according to the Bluetooth, DECT or another standard, to a receiving device such as a Tablet or smartphone or a computer for visualization, evaluation and / or storage can be transferred.

Claims (8)

1. Training apparatus for improving strength, mobility, endurance and control, in particular in arms and legs or their joints and in surrounding soft tissue structures by exerting a tensile force (F_Z) on the training apparatus (10), comprising:

   - a first fastening device (13) for the stationary fixing of the training apparatus,

   - a second fastening device (14) for applying the tensile force (F_Z) to the training apparatus, and

   - a pressure force sensor (D1) and an electronic circuit arrangement (P), to which the pressure force sensor (D1) is electrically connected, for wireless or wire-connected transmission of the measurement signals generated by the pressure force sensor (D1) to a remote receiving station, characterized by:

   - a lever having a first and a second lever arm (H1, H2) connected substantially at right angles to each other and pivotably mounted at the training apparatus, wherein the second fastening device (14) is connected to the second lever arm (H2) and the pressure force sensor (D1) is impinged by the first lever arm (H1) when the tensile force (F_Z) applied to the second lever arm (H2) is exerted.
2. Training apparatus according to claim 1,
   comprising a first and a second holding device (102, 103), which are spaced apart from one another along a longitudinal axis of the training apparatus along which the exerted tensile force (F_Z) acts and which are mechanically fixedly connected to one another, wherein the pressure force sensor (D1) rests on a support in the first holding device (102) and the lever is pivotably mounted on the second holding device (103).
3. Training apparatus according to claim 1,
   in which the pressure force sensor (D1) is a pressure measuring foil.
4. Training apparatus for improving strength, mobility, endurance and control, in particular in arms and legs or their joints and in surrounding soft tissue structures by exerting a tensile force (F_Z) on the training apparatus (10), comprising:

   - a first fastening device (13) for the stationary fixing of the training apparatus,

   - a second fastening device (14) for applying the tensile force (F_Z) to the training apparatus,

   - a tensile force sensor (D2; D3) for detecting the tensile force (F_Z) exerted on the second fastening device (14), and

   - an electronic circuit arrangement, to which the tensile force sensor (D2; D3) is electrically connected, for wireless or wire-connected transmission of the measurement signals generated by the tensile force sensor (D2; D3) to a remote receiving station, characterized by:

   - a shaft (W) which engages with its one end on the first fastening device (13) and with its other end on the second fastening device (14), and is mounted by means of a first plain bearing (L1) on a first holding device (102) and/or by means of a second plain bearing (L2) on a second holding device (103), wherein

   - the first holding device (102) comprises a first portion (102a) and a second portion (102b),

   - the second portion (102b) and the second holding device (103) are provided for receiving and fixing a circuit board (P) for the circuit arrangement and at least one battery compartment (B1, B2), and

   - the tensile force sensor is at least one strain gauge (D2) applied to the shaft (W) or is a strain gauge tension rod, or is a tensile force sensor (D3) arranged as a separate component serially between the shaft (W) and the first or second fastening device (13, 14).
5. Training apparatus according to claim 4,
   wherein the first fastening device (13) and a first end of the shaft (W) are fixed to the first portion (102a), and the second portion (102b) is provided for receiving the first bearing (L1) and the second holding device (103) is provided for receiving the second bearing (L2).
6. Training apparatus according to claim 1 or 4,
   in which the electronic circuit arrangement comprises a transmitting device (Tr) for wireless transmission of the measurement signals generated by the tensile or pressure force sensor (D1, D2, D3), and the training apparatus comprises a voltage supply for the circuit arrangement.
7. Training apparatus according to one of the previous claims,
   in which the electronic circuit arrangement further comprises at least one measuring amplifier (M) for connection to a pressure or tensile force sensor (D1; D2; D3) for amplifying the generated force sensor or measuring signals, a microprocessor (MP) for processing the amplified force sensor or measuring signals for wireless transmission in accordance with a Bluetooth, DECT or other known standard for wireless signal transmission, and a transmitting device (Tr) for wireless transmission of the processed force sensor or measuring signals to a remote receiving device.
8. Training apparatus according to one of the previous claims,
   in which the electronic circuit arrangement is mounted on a circuit board (P) dimensioned for installation in the training apparatus.

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