EP3234233A1 - Reacteur de depot chimique en phase vapeur - Google Patents
Reacteur de depot chimique en phase vapeurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3234233A1 EP3234233A1 EP15820231.7A EP15820231A EP3234233A1 EP 3234233 A1 EP3234233 A1 EP 3234233A1 EP 15820231 A EP15820231 A EP 15820231A EP 3234233 A1 EP3234233 A1 EP 3234233A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- precursor gas
- nozzle
- reactor
- output member
- precursor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/14—Feed and outlet means for the gases; Modifying the flow of the reactive gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/005—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes provided with baffles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4404—Coatings or surface treatment on the inside of the reaction chamber or on parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45502—Flow conditions in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45506—Turbulent flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45563—Gas nozzles
- C23C16/45565—Shower nozzles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45563—Gas nozzles
- C23C16/45574—Nozzles for more than one gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45587—Mechanical means for changing the gas flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/08—Influencing flow of fluids of jets leaving an orifice
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
- B01J2204/002—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the feeding side being of particular interest
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
- B01J2204/005—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the outlet side being of particular interest
Definitions
- the invention relates to the general technical field of chemical vapor deposition reactors.
- Such reactors are for example used for the manufacture of semiconductor materials based on elements of columns 13 and 15 of the periodic table - such as GaN gallium nitride.
- the invention particularly relates to a chemical vapor deposition reactor for the manufacture of wafers (or "wafer” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) of element nitride 13 by injection of gaseous precursors.
- These pads may be intended for producing semiconductor structures such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (DL).
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- DL laser diodes
- MOVPE Hydrophospor Phase Epitaxy
- HVPE halide vapor phase epitaxy
- a vapor deposition reactor is generally used.
- This reactor comprises a support - or "susceptor" - intended to receive one (or more) starting substrate (s) on which (s) material (s) semiconductors) is (are) manufactured ( s).
- precursor gases are injected into an enclosure of the reactor so as to sweep the surface of the (or) substrate (s). These precursor gases react on the surface of the (or) substrate (s) to form one (or more) layer (s) of semiconductor material.
- the composition To ensure good quality performance in the (or) semiconductor material (s) thus formed (s), it is necessary to control the composition.
- the production of a uniform layer is conditioned by a laminar flow of the precursor gases on the (or) substrate (s).
- the precursor gases can react together and be deposited in inappropriate areas of the reactor, such as the walls of the enclosure, or the output of the precursor gas supply nozzles.
- Such deposits can induce a partial or total blockage of the supply nozzles, which makes the control of precursor gas flows difficult and therefore degrades the quality of the semiconductor materials obtained.
- Patent US2008 / 0163816 describes a reactor comprising a precursor gas injection system for producing an AlN layer by a vapor deposition process in order to homogenize the pressure exerted by the film formed on the substrate.
- the injection system has an "injection shower" (referenced 15) positioned above the substrate.
- the frustoconical shower is fed via a conduit in the upper part (referenced 14). It includes a large number of injectors (referenced 15b) in the lower part.
- such a reactor is not suitable for gallium nitride deposits because of the high reactivity of the precursor gases (i.e. gallium chloride and ammonia) used to form a layer of gallium nitride.
- the document EP 0 687 749 describes a device in which two precursor gases are injected separately just above the substrate in order to promote the homogeneity of the precursor gas mixture and obtain a layer of good quality gallium nitride. These gases are in particular gallium triethyl or trimethyl and ammonia.
- the device thus described comprises a cooling chamber (referenced 20) which makes it possible to avoid an excessive reaction prior to deposition. This configuration aims to improve the control of the homogeneity of the precursor gas mixture (see page 4 col 6 lines 3 to 25 of EP 0 687 749).
- Such a device including a cooling chamber is: difficult or impossible to implement when the injection device is in an area of the chamber at a very high temperature (> 700 ° C.),
- a injection device is described in WO 2008/064083.
- the document proposes to make a layer of GaN by HVPE on a substrate heated to 1000 ° C.
- a flushing gas in this case nitrogen, is propelled laterally with respect to the substrate.
- a first precursor gas - namely gallium chloride - is introduced in the form of a dimer into a first pipe (referenced 323) and opens into a funnel (referenced 325) filled with SiC silicon carbide balls, the temperature of which is order of 800 ° C to decompose the first precursor gas into monomer.
- the first precursor gas decomposed into monomer is then maintained at a temperature above 600 ° C to avoid the reformation of dimers, and is conveyed to a slot (referenced 329) (see last paragraph of page 23 and first). paragraph on page 24, figures 4 to 6).
- a second precursor gas in this case ammonia, is injected separately by a pipe (referenced 519).
- the precursor gases are blown in such a way as to follow a non-turbulent regime and at a sufficiently large distance from the substrate such that their temperature is of the order of 400 to 500 ° C. in order to avoid a sparse deposit in the device. injection.
- a disadvantage of such an injection device is that the control of the temperature of the precursor gases is difficult, particularly in the case of the production of large semiconductor materials.
- the document FR 2957939 describes a device for injecting gas into a treatment chamber.
- the injector comprises at least two adjacent injectors.
- Each injector comprises a diffusion plate comprising a plurality of openings for the passage of gas.
- a first gas wave is introduced into a first injector.
- the first gas wave reacts with a substrate before being purged from the chamber by means of an evacuation device.
- a second gas wave is then introduced into a second injector, which reacts with deposits left by the first gas injection.
- the precursor gases are thus injected separately, it is not possible to proceed directly to the deposition of a layer of a mixture of precursor gases.
- the pulse / purge steps must therefore be repeated as many times as necessary to obtain the desired thickness of the thin layer, which leads to a relatively low production capacity.
- the invention proposes a chemical vapor deposition reactor from first and second precursor gases, the reactor comprising:
- an enclosure including upper and lower walls and a side wall connecting the upper and lower walls
- a support intended to receive at least one substrate, mounted inside the enclosure, and
- At least one precursor gas injection system comprising an injection head including at least one feed nozzle of the first precursor gas in a main direction of axis A-A ', the at least one nozzle including:
- substantially annular form of tourbionic flow means a generally toroidal vortex in which the fluid flow is mainly a rotation around a curved loop itself and extending around the axis A-A '.
- Such a closed loop is not necessarily flat and may have different radii of curvature per piece.
- the local recircuiation of the first precursor gas does not produce a venturi effect tending to suck the second precursor gas.
- the "recirculation mud" of the first precursor gas repels the second precursor gas and thus avoids a reaction between the two gases in the immediate vicinity of the outlet of the nozzle.
- the output member may comprise an upstream end opposite the precursor gas supply duct and a downstream end opposite the upstream end in the main direction, the sectional dimensions of the upstream end being smaller than the sectional dimensions. from the downstream end.
- the variations of sections between the upstream and downstream end portions of the output member can generate a tourbiilonnaire flow around the outlet of the feed nozzle.
- the upstream and downstream ends of the output member may have equal sections, the output member including an annular necking (or narrowing) between the upstream and downstream ends, this necking creating a local acceleration of the gas ejected just before passing through the annular narrowing and generating a swirling flow just after necking.
- the output member may consist of a piece connected to the outlet of the gas supply duct.
- the output member and the gas supply duct can be monobloc.
- the output member may comprise a recess coaxial with the gas supply duct.
- the recess may comprise a cylindrical 1'amage, the diameter of 1'amage being greater than the diameter of the precursor gas supply conduit. This facilitates the manufacture of the injection head, a simple drilling of the nozzles at their free end to form the output members,
- the recess may comprise an outwardly flared portion along the main direction A ⁇ A ⁇
- the recess may also include a frustoconical portion.
- the recess may comprise a concave portion, in particular in the form of a piece of torus.
- the recess may also include a combination of portions of different shapes.
- the walls of the output member comprise a molybdenum coating. This makes it possible to protect the walls of the outlet member against the deposition of gallium nitride.
- the injection head can be used for the introduction of only one of the precursor gases necessary for the deposition reaction.
- the injection head may be arranged to allow the introduction of different precursor gases. In this case, it can include:
- the first and second nozzles being distributed alternately in the injection head.
- the largest dimension in section of the outlet member is greater than the largest dimension in section of the gas supply duct, and the ratio between the largest dimension in section of the output member and the depth of the output member is between 0.1 and 10.
- These dimensions are more particularly suitable for the manufacture of semiconductor materials including a (or several) layer (s) of gallium nitride.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor material in a chemical vapor deposition reactor as described above, the method comprising an epitaxial growth step implemented:
- MOVPE Hydrophospor Phase Epitaxy
- HVPE hydrogen halide vapor phase epitaxy
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a chemical vapor deposition reactor from first and second precursor gases, the reactor comprising:
- an enclosure including lower upper walls and a lateral wall connecting the upper and lower walls
- a support intended to receive at least one substrate, mounted inside the enclosure, and
- At least one precursor gas injection system comprising an injection head including at least one feed nozzle of the first precursor gas in a main direction of axis A-A ', at least one nozzle including a precursor gas supply duct,
- the method comprises a phase of dimensioning an outlet member of the nozzle, to determine the geometry of the output member for generating a swirling flow of substantially annular shape around the axis A- AT'.
- the sizing phase may comprise a step of selecting a set of geometrical characteristics of the feed nozzle allowing obtaining a swirling flow whose diameter is substantially equal to the depth of the outlet member,
- the sizing phase can also comprise the following steps:
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a chemical vapor deposition reactor according to the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a feed nozzle of the prior art
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a feed nozzle according to the invention
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates various variants of an outlet member of a feed nozzle
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an injection head according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an injection head and a reactor support
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation in section of an output member
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates steps of a method of dimensioning an output member of an injection head.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated an example of chemical deposition reactor in which gaseous precursors are injected to allow the growth of GaN on a substrate for example sapphire.
- the reactor comprises an enclosure 1 housing a support 2 and an injector 3.
- the enclosure 1 constitutes a chamber in which the deposit is implemented. It may be parallelepipedal or cylindrical (or other) and comprises an upper wall 1 1, a lower wall 12 and one (or more) side wall (s) 13.
- the support 2 comprises a susceptor intended to receive one (or more) substrate (s) used for the growth of the GaN gallium nitride layer (s). This growth is obtained by reacting together two gases - called “gaseous precursors" - on the surface of the substrate 21.
- the injector 3 opens into the chamber 1 through an inlet orifice.
- the injector 3 allows the flow of gas flow inside the chamber 1, and in particular at least one of the gaseous precursors necessary for the formation of the gallium nitride layer.
- the injector 3 comprises one (or more) pipe (s) 31 for the flow of gas and one (or more) injection head (s) 32.
- the injection head (s) 32 allows (tent) to sweep the substrate disposed on the support 2 with one (or more) chemical agent (s) in the gas phase.
- the injection head 32 may be disposed above the support 2 so that the gas flow is projected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the upper face of the support 2.
- the (or a) head injection 33 can be positioned next to the support 2 so as to project the gas flow in a direction substantially parallel to the upper face of the support 2.
- a disadvantage of the prior art injectors is that the gaseous precursors 41, 42 tend to react together at the supply nozzles 421. As illustrated in FIG. 2, this reaction induces the formation of a film 43 on the supply nozzles 421, this film partly obstructing the supply nozzles 421 completely. This can compromise the manufacture of high quality components in the reactor, since it becomes difficult to control the injection parameters (such as the flow rate, concentration, etc.) of the precursor gases 41, 42 in the chamber 1.
- each feed nozzle thus consists of:
- a gas supply duct 321 extending along an axis A-A ', and an outlet member 322 connected to the end of the gas supply duct 321, the outlet member 322 generating a substantially annular-shaped tidal flow around the supply duct 321,
- the outlet member 322 generates a vortex 44 of the first precursor gas 41, the vortex 44 having the shape of a torus and s extending around the outlet of the feed nozzle (axis A-A ').
- each injection nozzle comprises an outlet member 322 generating a toroidal flow 44 of the ejected species 41 makes it possible to create a recirculation of the gaseous precursor ejected 41 at the outlet of the nozzle.
- the atmosphere of the chamber 1 with the ejected precursor gas 41 is locally enriched (i.e. near the outlet of the supply nozzle).
- gallium nitride film requires the presence of two gaseous precursors 41, 42 in substantially equivalent proportions: especially at concentrations of the same order of magnitude.
- the fact of generating a tourbillon vortex 44 of the first ejected precursor gas 41 induces a local enrichment of the atmosphere with the first ejected precursor gas 41 (and therefore a local depletion of the atmosphere with the second precursor gas 42). Since the local concentrations of first and second precursor gases 41, 42 are very different, they no longer react together at the outlet of the feed nozzle.
- the output member 322-328 may consist of a piece mounted at the end of the gas supply duct 321. In this case, the output member 322-328 extends outwardly from the injection head 32.
- the output member 322-328 and the supply duct 321 can be monobloc. This limits the number of parts constituting the injection head 32, and thus facilitates its manufacture.
- the output member 322-328 may for example consist of a recess formed at the free end of the gas supply duct 321. An output member 322-328 opening flush with the injection head 32 is thus obtained. This makes it possible to limit the number of walls on which an undesired film 43 of gallium nitride is likely to be deposited.
- the output member 322 consists of a substantially cylindrical counterbore. This counterbore is obtained by making a bore in the gas supply duct, for example by drilling.
- the output member consists of a shoulder
- its shape may vary, in particular according to:
- the output member may for example consist of: a recess of concave shape, for example a portion of sphere 324, a recess of parallelepipedal or cylindrical shape 325,
- a recess of complex shape consisting of a combination of the preceding forms, for example composed of a cylindrical portion 327 and a frustoconical portion 328.
- each feed nozzle has a sharp variation in section between the feed duct and the outlet member. This makes it possible to promote the generation of a swirling flow at the outlet of each feed nozzle.
- outlet members in the form of steps or slots in longitudinal section.
- the walls of the output member can be treated to limit the risks of nucleation thereon.
- the output member is covered with one (or more) layer (s) of molybdenum (alternatively, the output member may consist of molybdenum).
- Molybdenum has the particular feature of preventing nitriding and thus protecting the output member against the risks of formation of a gallium nitride film.
- the dimensions of the output member depend on various parameters, and in particular on relative parameters:
- the sizing method consists in determining the geometry of the output member enabling the generation of a sufficient tidal flow to avoid the deposition of material in the vicinity of the outlet of the feed nozzle.
- the sizing method makes it possible to define the geometrical characteristics of the output member making it possible to obtain a tourbiliffy flow whose diameter is substantially equal to the depth (ie dimension of the output member along axis A -A ') of the output member.
- the sizing method may include the following steps: a) receiving (410) parameters relating to:
- operating conditions of the feed nozzle such as the pressure, the temperature and the mass flow rate (s) of the ejected gas (s) (in particular the precursor gas, the gas carrier, etc.), o the physicochemical characteristics of the ejected gas (s) (pyrolysis, viscosity, etc.);
- step c) numerical modeling (430) of the injector in its environment from the parameters received in step a) and the set of geometrical characteristics defined in step b);
- the dimensions of the output member may vary depending on the type of precursor gas ejected by the supply nozzle, and / or the rate of ejection of the gas, and / or the concentration of the gas, etc.
- the injection head when adapted for the injection of two different gaseous precursors in the chamber, it may comprise output members of different dimensions, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
- the injection head comprises:
- Each feed nozzle of the plurality of first feed nozzles comprises a feed channel 321 and a first output member 322.
- Each The supply nozzle of the plurality of second feed nozzles comprises a feed channel 321 and a second outlet member 323.
- the first and second output members 322, 323 are cylindrical counterbores and have different dimensions. In particular, the diameter and the depth of each first output member 322 are respectively smaller than the diameter and the depth of each second outlet member 323.
- the first and second feed nozzles are positioned alternately on the injection head.
- each first feed nozzle is adjacent to two second feed nozzles along a diameter of the injection head as illustrated in FIG. 5. This allows a better distribution of the two precursor gases to the surface. substrate (s) disposed on the reactor support.
- Tests and modelizations make it possible to dimension each output member optimally.
- the depth P and the section S1 of the recess can be estimated, taking into account in particular:
- D H 2 is the mass flow rate of hydrogen in the injector of section S2.
- - D G aci is the mass flow rate of Gallium chloride in the injector of section S2, and
- DH2 is the mass flow rate of hydrogen in the injector of section S1.
- the outlet member has a diameter of between 2 and 10 millimeters and a depth of between 4 and 20 millimeters when the gas supply duct 321 has a diameter of between 1 and 5 millimeters.
- the shape of the output member is not limited to a cylinder or a shape having a symmetry of revolution, which may in particular be rectangular, or elliptical, etc.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1462521A FR3029939A1 (fr) | 2014-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Reacteur de depot chimique en phase vapeur |
| PCT/FR2015/053554 WO2016097610A1 (fr) | 2014-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | Reacteur de depot chimique en phase vapeur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3234233A1 true EP3234233A1 (fr) | 2017-10-25 |
Family
ID=53269548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15820231.7A Withdrawn EP3234233A1 (fr) | 2014-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | Reacteur de depot chimique en phase vapeur |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170342594A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3234233A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3029939A1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW201632256A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016097610A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT520629B1 (de) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-06-15 | Sico Tech Gmbh | Injektor aus Silizium für die Halbleiterindustrie |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0610138A (ja) * | 1991-07-01 | 1994-01-18 | Kokusai Chodendo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Center | Mocvd法による酸化物超電導体の製造方法 |
| GB9411911D0 (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1994-08-03 | Swan Thomas & Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to chemical vapour deposition |
| JP2895768B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-28 | 1999-05-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 成膜装置 |
| JP2000290777A (ja) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-17 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | ガス処理装置、バッフル部材、及びガス処理方法 |
| AU2001247685A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-15 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Method of and apparatus for tunable gas injection in a plasma processing system |
| JP4644343B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2011-03-02 | 株式会社アルバック | 真空処理室用表面構造 |
| US6921437B1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2005-07-26 | Aviza Technology, Inc. | Gas distribution system |
| US20050178336A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-08-18 | Heng Liu | Chemical vapor deposition reactor having multiple inlets |
| JP2005072196A (ja) | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-17 | Watanabe Shoko:Kk | 薄膜成膜装置 |
| JP5519105B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-02 | 2014-06-11 | ビーコ・インストゥルメンツ・インコーポレイテッド | 化学気相成長の方法及び化学気相成長リアクタ用のガス供給システム |
| KR101330156B1 (ko) | 2006-11-22 | 2013-12-20 | 소이텍 | 삼염화 갈륨 주입 구조 |
| CN102174693B (zh) * | 2007-01-12 | 2014-10-29 | 威科仪器有限公司 | 气体处理系统 |
| FR2957939B1 (fr) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-08-17 | Koolerheadz | Dispositif d'injection de gaz modulaire |
-
2014
- 2014-12-16 FR FR1462521A patent/FR3029939A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-12-16 US US15/536,245 patent/US20170342594A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-16 EP EP15820231.7A patent/EP3234233A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-12-16 WO PCT/FR2015/053554 patent/WO2016097610A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-12-16 TW TW104142329A patent/TW201632256A/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2016097610A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3029939A1 (fr) | 2016-06-17 |
| US20170342594A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
| TW201632256A (zh) | 2016-09-16 |
| WO2016097610A1 (fr) | 2016-06-23 |
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