EP3232142A1 - Appareil et procédé pour évacuer un cryogène provenant d'un congélateur - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour évacuer un cryogène provenant d'un congélateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3232142A1
EP3232142A1 EP16180252.5A EP16180252A EP3232142A1 EP 3232142 A1 EP3232142 A1 EP 3232142A1 EP 16180252 A EP16180252 A EP 16180252A EP 3232142 A1 EP3232142 A1 EP 3232142A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
freezer
internal space
processing atmosphere
outlet
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16180252.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3232142B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael D. Newman
Stephen A. Mccormick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3232142A1 publication Critical patent/EP3232142A1/fr
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Publication of EP3232142B1 publication Critical patent/EP3232142B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/042—Air treating means within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/047—Pressure equalising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/04—Treating air flowing to refrigeration compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to exhausting cryogen from freezers, in particular from food freezers.
  • balance refers to an operating status wherein spent gaseous cryogen of the freezing or chilling process is exhausted or leaked from an inlet and/or an outlet of the freezer at a minimal rate in order to prevent room air (i. e. atmosphere external to the freezer) from being drawn into the freezer system.
  • room air i. e. atmosphere external to the freezer
  • an object of the present invention is to overcome the limitations and problems that earlier apparatus and methods have experienced.
  • the present invention basically provides for a cryogenic exhaust control system which automatically balances a freezer throughout production, relieves the operator from the burden of "balancing" the freezer, and provides higher overall efficiencies for the freezing system.
  • a cryogenic exhaust control system which automatically balances an atmosphere of a freezer, the control system including an oxygen (O 2 ) monitor at a corresponding inlet and outlet of the freezer, and a balance blower installed at an outlet, an inlet, or both the outlet and inlet of the freezer which draws cold cryogenic gas from within the freezer, pressurizes the gas and reintroduces same via a nozzle across a width of the conveyor belt at the discharge outlet of the freezer.
  • O 2 oxygen
  • the oxygen monitor and the balance blower may preferably coact via a controller, such that when an undesirable amount of oxygen or concentration of same is sensed at the outlet (which means room air or air external to the freezer is being drawn into the freezer at the outlet), a speed of the balance blower is decreased to provide more cryogen gas to be discharged from the outlet of the freezer, thereby inhibiting room air (air external to the freezer) from entering the outlet and into the freezer.
  • a similar arrangement may preferably be provided at the inlet of the freezer.
  • the oxygen monitors are used to control the balance blower.
  • Another balance blower of construction similar to the outlet balance blower can be positioned for use at the inlet, depending upon the conditions of the freezer, the plant in which the freezer is operated, and the products being treated by the freezer.
  • outlet balance blower installation and use of the outlet balance blower is usually sufficient to impact conditions at the inlet, thereby obviating the need for the inlet balance blower. That is, when a higher oxygen concentration is sensed at the outlet, the balance blower speed decreases to allow more gas to discharge from the freezer at both the inlet and the outlet.
  • the discharging gas prevents atmosphere external to the freezer at the outlet from gaining access to an interior of the freezer through the inlet and the outlet.
  • the same principle applies at the freezer inlet. That is, when the oxygen sensor at the inlet senses that too much oxygen is being permitted entry through the freezer at the inlet, the balance blower speed is correspondingly lowered to force the gas in the freezer through the inlet to prevent the atmosphere external to the freezer from gaining access to the freezer through the inlet.
  • Both the inlet and the outlet may continuously be monitored, and the speed of the balance blower(s) may continuously be adjusted, thereby maintaining the freezer atmosphere in a "balanced" condition.
  • the system of the present embodiments can be used with many types of freezer, such as for example a spiral food freezer.
  • a freezer for a food product which includes a housing having an internal space with a processing atmosphere for reducing a temperature of the food product; and a pressure balance apparatus in communication with the processing atmosphere to restrict atmosphere external to the freezer from reaching the internal space, the pressure balance apparatus comprising at least one sensor exposed to the processing atmosphere for generating a first signal indicating an amount of oxygen (O 2 ) sensed at the internal space, and a blower disposed to direct a pressurized flow of the processing atmosphere to the internal space responsive to the first signal, said blower in particular disposed at an outlet of the internal space.
  • O 2 amount of oxygen
  • a cryogen delivery pipe may be provided in fluid communication with the internal space for delivering liquid cryogen to the internal space.
  • a modulating control valve may favourably be positioned in the pipe to control the introduction of the liquid cryogen to a spray bar having a plurality of spray nozzles mounted thereto.
  • an inlet exhaust may be mounted for fluid communication with the inlet to the internal space, while an outlet exhaust may be mounted for fluid communication with the outlet to the internal space.
  • a central exhaust or main exhaust may be arranged in fluid communication with the internal space. These exhausts may provide for cryogenic gas to be vented from the inlet, the outlet and the internal space, respectively.
  • the blower may withdraw the cold cryogenic gas from the internal space and may pressurize the gas within the blower before reintroducing the gas by way of at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the blower and positioned to direct the pressurized flow at the outlet, in particular to discharge the cryogenic gas above and across a width of a conveyor belt at the outlet, said conveyor belt expediently conveying the product through the processing atmosphere.
  • a controller may be provided in communication with the at least one sensor and the blower, the controller expediently arranged to receive the first signal from said at least one sensor and to generate a second signal to said blower responsive to said first signal for controlling the blower.
  • a method of balancing a processing atmosphere in an internal space of a freezer for a product, in particular for a food product comprising sensing an amount of oxygen (O 2 ) becoming present in the processing atmosphere; generating a first signal indicating the amount of oxygen sensed; withdrawing a portion of the processing atmosphere and pressurizing said portion responsive to the first signal; and discharging the pressurized portion to the processing atmosphere for pressurizing said atmosphere and preventing additional oxygen (O 2 ) from becoming present in said atmosphere.
  • a second signal may be generated responsive to the first signal to control the discharging of the pressurized portion to the processing atmosphere.
  • a cryogenic substance in particular liquid nitrogen (LIN), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), or cold air, may be injected into the processing atmosphere.
  • LIN liquid nitrogen
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • cold air may be injected into the processing atmosphere.
  • a portion or portions of the processing atmosphere may be exhausted from at least one location or from a plurality of locations of the internal space within the freezer, said plurality of locations favourably including at least an inlet and an outlet for the processing atmosphere within the freezer.
  • Air or atmosphere external to the inlet and the outlet may be prevented from gaining entry to the internal space which would compromise the chilling or freezing processes occurring at the internal space.
  • the freezer may be "balanced". Such balancing may also result in any oxygen (O 2 ) being removed or purged from the processing atmosphere or from the internal space.
  • a freezer 10 such as by way of example only a food freezer, is provided with a cryogenic exhaust control apparatus (or pressure balance apparatus) shown generally at 12.
  • the freezer 10 may be a spiral food freezer.
  • the apparatus 12 includes elements positioned at different locations of the freezer 10, which elements will be described hereinafter.
  • the freezer 10 includes an internal space 14 or chamber through which a conveyor belt 16 transits conveying products 18 such as for example food products through the internal space 14 for chilling and/or freezing.
  • a conveyor belt 16 transits conveying products 18 such as for example food products through the internal space 14 for chilling and/or freezing.
  • conveying products 18 such as for example food products through the internal space 14 for chilling and/or freezing.
  • FIG. 1 only a portion of the conveyor belt 16 is shown at an inlet 20 and an outlet 22 of the freezer 10.
  • the inlet 20 and the outlet 22 are in communication with the internal space 14.
  • Liquid cryogen 24 is introduced into a pipe 26 which extends into the internal space 14 of the freezer 10, and to a spray bar 28 having a plurality of spray nozzles 30 mounted thereto.
  • a modulating control valve 32 is positioned in the pipe 26 to control the introduction of the liquid cryogen 24 to the spray bar 28 and the nozzles 30.
  • the control valve 32 can transmit and receive (transeive) a valve signal 33 which indicates its actuated position in the pipe 26, and to have such position altered as described below.
  • the liquid cryogen 24 may be liquid nitrogen (LIN), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or cold air. Jet streams 34 of cryogen are injected into the internal space 14 from the nozzles 30.
  • the jet streams 34 may include LIN, solid CO 2 and gaseous cryogen.
  • An inlet exhaust 36 is mounted for fluid communication with the inlet 20, while an outlet exhaust 38 is mounted for fluid communication with the outlet 22, as shown in particular in FIG. 1 .
  • a main exhaust 40 is arranged in fluid communication with the internal space 14 of the freezer 10. The exhausts 36, 38, 40 provide for cryogenic gas to be vented from the inlet 20, the outlet 22 and the internal space 14, respectively.
  • An inlet oxygen sensor 42 is mounted for sensing the presence or concentration of oxygen at the inlet 20, while an outlet oxygen sensor 44 is mounted for sensing the presence or concentration of oxygen at the outlet 22.
  • a balance blower 46 is mounted proximate the outlet 22, as shown with more particularity in FIG. 2 , and in fluid communication with the outlet 22.
  • the balance blower 46 can transmit and receive (transeive) a blower signal 47 to indicate its operating rpms and pressure, and to have such altered as described below.
  • a basic operation of the apparatus and freezer embodiments is described hereinafter.
  • a spiral freezer by way of example only, is described with respect to FIG. 1 and to FIG. 2 for such operation.
  • the food products 18 are deposited on the conveyor belt 16 and transported to the internal space 14 of the freezer 10.
  • the inlet oxygen and outlet oxygen sensors 42, 44 sense an amount or concentration of oxygen at the corresponding inlet 20 and outlet 22, respectively.
  • the inlet exhaust 36 and the outlet exhaust 38 each capture cryogenic gas to be expelled from the internal space 14 of the freezer 10.
  • the modulating control valve 32 provides for an increase in liquid cryogen 24 delivered to the spray bar 28, which valve 32 coacts with the central exhaust 40. That is, as the control valve 32 opens to provide an increase in the liquid cryogen 24 through the pipe 26, the central exhaust 40 increases its speed, i. e. its pull rate increases to pull more gas from the internal space 14 and discharge the gas from the space 14.
  • Such discharge facilitates the freezer 10 maintaining a mass balance for processing the food products 18 at the internal space 14.
  • the central exhaust 40 operates to withdraw approximately eighty percent of spent cryogen gas from the internal space 14. Accordingly, there is also no ingress or entry of external atmosphere into the freezer 10 through the exhaust 40.
  • nitrogen is the cryogenic gas
  • the liquid cryogen 24 being introduced is liquid nitrogen (LIN).
  • the oxygen sensors 42, 44 have corresponding ports 48, 50, respectively, located in an area of the internal space 14 proximate the inlet 20 and the outlet 22, respectively, where a cryogen environment of hundred percent is present.
  • the ports 48, 50 are positioned approximately twelve inched to 24 inches into the interior space 14 of the freezer 10.
  • the oxygen sensor 42 generates an oxygen concentration signal 43, while the oxygen sensor 44 generates an oxygen concentration signal 45.
  • the outlet oxygen sensor 44 transmits a signal 45 to the controller 54 which receives same and determines whether an oxygen concentration at the outlet 22 exceeds a predetermined amount.
  • freezer 10 will continue operating as is, i. e. operating in a balance state.
  • the controller 54 will transmit a signal 47 to the balance below 46 to reduce rpms, i. e. reduce the pressure at the outlet 22 so that the cryogen at the internal space 14 can be exhausted to somewhat a greater extent from the outlet 22 and the inlet 20 to prevent external atmosphere from gaining access to the internal space 14.
  • valve 32 and controller 54 are also in communication via a valve signal 33. Such an arrangement permits the controller 54 to adjust an amount of cryogen introduce through the pipe 26 into the internal space 14.
  • the balance blower 46 withdraws the cold cryogenic gas from the internal space 14 and pressurizes the gas within the blower 46 before reintroducing the gas by way of a nozzle 52 positioned to discharge the cryogenic gas above and across a width of a conveyor belt 16 at the outlet 22. As shown, the nozzle 52 is somewhat angled toward the internal space 14.
  • the speed of the balance blower 46 is adjusted to control a volumetric flow of gas discharged from the nozzle 52. That is, it is desirable to retain as much of the cryogen gas as possible within the internal space 14 for purposes of continuous chilling and freezing of the food product 18.
  • the speed of the blower 46 exhausting the pressurized cryogen gas through the nozzle 52 does just that.
  • the balance blower 46 will therefore be effective in balancing the cryogenic freezing occurring at the internal space 14, and this is done by applying a pressure at the outlet 22 of the freezer 10. That is, as more gas is forced from the balance blower 46 through the nozzle 52 into the outlet 22, more cryogenic gas at the internal space 14 is expelled from the inlet 20.
  • the inlet and outlet oxygen sensors 42, 44 are used to control a speed of the balance blower 46 by transmitting signals 43, 45 directly to the controller 54, which in turn transmits a blower signal 47 to the balance blower 46. That is, as a higher oxygen concentration is sensed at the outlet 22 by the outlet sensor 44, a speed of the balance blower 46 is reduced in order to allow more cryogenic gas at the internal space 14 to be discharged at the outlet 22 in order to prevent atmosphere external to the freezer 10 from entering the freezer 10 through the outlet 22; and at the same time pressurizing the internal space 14 to expel cryogenic gas from the inlet 20 to prevent external atmosphere from gaining entry to the interior space 14 through the inlet 20.
  • a first embodiment relies upon only the balance blower 46 to balance an atmosphere at the internal space 14 of the freezer 10.
  • Another embodiment calls for using the balance blower 46 at the outlet 22 in conjunction with another balance blower (not shown) mounted for similar operation at the inlet 20.
  • both the inlet 20 and the outlet 22 are continuously monitored for the presence of oxygen and the speed of the balance blower 46 (and an inlet balance blower if used) adjusted to maintain the "balance" of an atmosphere at the internal space 14 of the freezer 10.
  • the controller 54 is positioned for use to monitor concentrations of oxygen (O 2 ) at the inlet 20 and the outlet 22, and to adjust operation of the outlet balance blower 46 by generating a signal 47 to this blower 46, and the inlet balance blower if provided, as necessary to balance the freezer 10.
  • the central exhaust 40 can also be adjusted to substantially reduce if not eliminate the introduction of air into the internal space 14.
  • the present embodiments provide for increased efficiencies of the freezing process and the reduction in manual labor necessary for same.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
EP16180252.5A 2016-04-12 2016-07-19 Appareil et procédé pour évacuer un cryogène provenant d'un congélateur Active EP3232142B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/096,524 US20170292764A1 (en) 2016-04-12 2016-04-12 Cryogenic exhaust control system and freezer having same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3232142A1 true EP3232142A1 (fr) 2017-10-18
EP3232142B1 EP3232142B1 (fr) 2022-09-14

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US (1) US20170292764A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3232142B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017180510A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113124611B (zh) * 2021-04-28 2022-03-04 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种冰箱的气调控制方法、气调抽屉及保鲜冰箱

Citations (5)

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US3255608A (en) * 1964-06-18 1966-06-14 Elmwood Liquid Products Inc Liquid nitrogen immersion and spray freezing machine
US4947654A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-08-14 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US4955206A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-09-11 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US5966946A (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-10-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for retention of a refrigerant fluid in a refrigeration enclosure
WO2013034827A1 (fr) * 2011-09-07 2013-03-14 L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Systeme d'amelioration de l'equilibrage des gaz froids dans un tunnel de surgelation par la mise en œuvre de zones tampon et de plafonds soufflants exterieurs

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US3611745A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-10-12 Ralph Hamill Freezing system
US4354549A (en) * 1979-09-14 1982-10-19 Smith Donald P Induced circulation oven or cooler
US4866946A (en) * 1988-08-05 1989-09-19 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Spiral cryogenic freezer
US5879732A (en) * 1996-09-10 1999-03-09 Boc Group, Inc. Food processing method
FR2765674B1 (fr) * 1997-07-03 1999-08-06 Air Liquide Procede de commande du regime d'extraction d'un extracteur de gaz d'une enceinte d'un appareil cryogenique et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
JP3595756B2 (ja) * 2000-06-01 2004-12-02 キヤノン株式会社 露光装置、リソグラフィ装置、ロードロック装置、デバイス製造方法およびリソグラフィ方法
US6332325B1 (en) * 2000-08-17 2001-12-25 Coldfire Technolgy, Inc. Apparatus and method for strengthening articles of manufacture through cryogenic thermal cycling
US20100319365A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2010-12-23 Newman Michael D Cross flow tunnel freezer system
US8904811B2 (en) * 2012-11-15 2014-12-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Baffle controlled oscillating flow freezer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3255608A (en) * 1964-06-18 1966-06-14 Elmwood Liquid Products Inc Liquid nitrogen immersion and spray freezing machine
US4947654A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-08-14 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US4955206A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-09-11 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US5966946A (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-10-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for retention of a refrigerant fluid in a refrigeration enclosure
WO2013034827A1 (fr) * 2011-09-07 2013-03-14 L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Systeme d'amelioration de l'equilibrage des gaz froids dans un tunnel de surgelation par la mise en œuvre de zones tampon et de plafonds soufflants exterieurs

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Publication number Publication date
EP3232142B1 (fr) 2022-09-14
US20170292764A1 (en) 2017-10-12
WO2017180510A1 (fr) 2017-10-19

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