EP3227474B1 - Composant d'une turbomachine, moteur à combustion interne comportant une turbomachine et procédé de fabrication d'un composant d'une turbomachine - Google Patents

Composant d'une turbomachine, moteur à combustion interne comportant une turbomachine et procédé de fabrication d'un composant d'une turbomachine Download PDF

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EP3227474B1
EP3227474B1 EP15837130.2A EP15837130A EP3227474B1 EP 3227474 B1 EP3227474 B1 EP 3227474B1 EP 15837130 A EP15837130 A EP 15837130A EP 3227474 B1 EP3227474 B1 EP 3227474B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
component
sodium
electrolyte
titanium
potassium
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EP15837130.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3227474A2 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Kopp
Christoph PTOCK
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Meotec GmbH and Co KG
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Meotec GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to RS20200139A priority Critical patent/RS59879B1/sr
Publication of EP3227474A2 publication Critical patent/EP3227474A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
    • F01D5/043—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines of the axial inlet- radial outlet, or vice versa, type
    • F01D5/048—Form or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F05D2230/312—Layer deposition by plasma spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F05D2300/174—Titanium alloys, e.g. TiAl
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/18—Intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/182—Metal-aluminide intermetallic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component for a turbo device comprising a compressor and a turbine, with a component body consisting at least partially of a titanium-aluminum alloy, in which the titanium-aluminum alloy has a titanium content of 40 at.% To 60 at.
  • the component on its component surface at least partially has a protective layer produced by means of a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), wherein the component has a first material recess which has a bearing bore, characterized in that the component has at least one further material recess which configures a cavity located inside the component body in order to reduce the masses of the component to be accelerated, at least one surface of the component bounding the at least one further material recess partly by means of the plasma electrolyte Isch oxidation (PEO) generated protective layer.
  • PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
  • the invention further relates to an internal combustion engine with a turbine device, which comprises a compressor and a turbine.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a turbo device component, in particular a component of a turbo device comprising a compressor and a turbine, made of a titanium-aluminum alloy with a titanium content of 40 at.% And up to 60 at. % and with an aluminum content of 5 at.% to 50 at.% or from a titanium-aluminum alloy with a titanium content of 40 at.% to 55 at.% and with an aluminum content from 35 at.% to 50 at.%, wherein an aluminum oxide-containing protective layer is formed on the turbo device component, characterized in that said aluminum oxide-containing protective layer is provided on a surface of the turbine device component concealed by an undercut of the turbine device component is produced.
  • an exhaust gas turbocharger of an internal combustion engine which in the form of a rotor or a rotating impeller part comprises a compressor and a turbine wheel, which are rotatably connected to each other via a shaft.
  • the turbine wheel is in this case made of a titanium aluminide, so a special titanium-aluminum alloy executed.
  • oxide formation at elevated temperatures results in a complex mixed oxide layer consisting essentially of alumina, titania, nitrides, various alumina precipitates, and intermetallic phases.
  • the strategy is to inhibit an activity of oxides which increase rapidly under elevated temperatures, such as the titanium oxide, while at the same time inhibiting the activity or the occurrence of slow-growing oxides, in particular the aluminum oxide, at the direct interface between the component and the surrounding medium, ie the component surface, preferably should be increased.
  • oxidation protection namely surface protection, in particular oxidation protection by application layers (type 1), diffusion layers (type 2) and halogen effect layers (type 3).
  • the layer material is deposited on the substrate or component surface as part of a coating process.
  • the composite layer produced hereby adheres, for. As by mechanical interlocking, by adhesive forces or by diffusion areas in combined heat treatment.
  • diffusion layers are formed by an enrichment of various elements in the surface edge zone of the component at elevated temperatures.
  • the substances provided for this purpose diffuse into the substrate or component, so that a generally thin, gradual edge zone can be brought about with a composition differing from the substrate.
  • the third type differs from this conceptually strong and uses the so-called halogen effect (type 3).
  • halogen-effect layers halides are added to the surface of the substrate or of the component at temperatures lower than the starting temperature. Selective aluminum transport via the gas phase (halogen effect) then forms a thin aluminum oxide layer with good diffusion barrier effect during the actual use of the relevant component or through a preceding heat treatment, whereby a good oxidation protection can be provided on the component.
  • ion implantation is one of the most effective methods to increase the oxidation resistance of titanium aluminides.
  • ion implantation is a structurally very complex and expensive process.
  • processes have been developed in which halogens are first applied to the surface by means of an exchange or powder packing process and only then, or as in the powder packing in the rule at the same time be enriched by a thermal treatment in the peripheral zone. Both methods offer the possibility of the treatment of complex surfaces and are comparatively more cost effective to accomplish.
  • a disadvantage of dipping and powder packing processes is the time-consuming choice of suitable parameters and the process control.
  • the halide concentrations In order to achieve a positive effect on the oxidation resistance, the halide concentrations must move within a relatively well-defined range. If the halogen concentration is too low, the protective aluminum oxide film will not be fully built up, while over-concentration may adversely affect the general corrosion resistance of a titanium aluminide device.
  • a thin to thick protective layer by a reaction of the surrounding the component atmosphere such.
  • a fluid in particular a gas, formed with the substrate or with the component material. This means that no additional material is deposited on the surface but the material is converted to the surface itself (conversion).
  • the proposed formation mechanism may be initiated by an electrical current flow.
  • thick and therefore technically usable protective layers can be formed as in the case of the application layers (type 1), which, in contrast to these, however, have a significantly higher layer adhesion due to the gradual transition between the substrate and the conversion layer and, furthermore, independent of the sometimes complex contour of the Component are.
  • conversion layers are less expensive and thicker with comparable oxidation protection, which additionally provides wear and corrosion protection and, under certain circumstances, a certain electrical or thermal insulation effect.
  • a titanium aluminide component in particular a turbine wheel of a turbocharger, is subjected to an electrochemical anodization, which builds up a protective layer containing aluminum oxide, so that the component is good is protected from oxidation. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this component is protected according to the previous description with respect to such conversion layers from harmful and undesirable attacks of environmental conditions.
  • a disadvantage of such anodization layers is, for example, that the layer produced thereby accordingly has a high pore content due to the process. In this respect, even under optimal process parameters only a limited oxidation protection can be realized, which is usually significantly inferior to the most effective methods, such as ion implantation. Furthermore, as part of the anodization only a limited wear and corrosion protection can be produced.
  • one of the biggest disadvantages is a critical rupture and a limited formation of the anodization layer, in particular in the region of edges and sharp transitions, which often leads to a sufficiently good oxidation protection is not given especially at critical component sites.
  • the invention has the object of further developing generic components or methods for producing related components in order to overcome at least the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the invention is based on the special object of being able to reliably coat even components that are complicated in construction, which have cavities hidden by undercuts which differ from bearing bores, in order to be able to produce a sufficient protective layer even behind such undercuts.
  • the object of the invention is achieved on the one hand by a component for a turbo device comprising a compressor and a turbine, with a component body consisting at least partially of a titanium-aluminum alloy, in which the titanium-aluminum alloy has a titanium content of 40 at.
  • the component on its component surface at least partially has a plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO) produced protective layer
  • the component has a first material recess, which embodies a bearing bore, characterized in that the component has at least one further material recess which configures a cavity located within the component body in order to reduce the masses of the component to be accelerated, wherein the at least one further Material recess limiting surface of the component at least partially a medium s the plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO) generated protective layer.
  • PEO plasma-electrolytic oxidation
  • Components made of a titanium-aluminum alloy can be particularly advantageously protected by means of the protective layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation with an oxidation barrier in the context of the invention.
  • PEO plasma-electrolytic oxidation
  • the protective layer produced in the meaning of the invention by means of the plasma-electrolytic oxidation meets in an excellent manner at least the most important requirements in terms of oxidation protection, corrosion protection, wear protection, thermal or electrical insulation, thermal resistance, a layer adhesion or the like of a titanium-aluminum Alloy of manufactured components.
  • the present layer may in particular be an oxide-ceramic layer which is produced by a corresponding transformation of the base material.
  • surfaces with an extremely filigree and / or complex geometry can be finished, so that subsequent or final processing is no longer necessary.
  • titanium-aluminum alloy or synonymously “aluminum-titanium alloy” is characterized in particular by the titanium and aluminum components described above, wherein in particular the material titanium aluminide is thereby covered. Titanium aluminides are widely known from the prior art, so that they are not further explained at this point.
  • turbocharger in the context of the invention describes in particular different types of turbochargers, such as an exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein such turbochargers are characterized in that they comprise a compressor and a turbine.
  • Generic turbo devices are widely known from the prior art, so that in the present case on their structure and operation is not discussed in more detail.
  • component covers a variety of fixed and movable components of such a turbo device, which is shown in more detail later.
  • the object of the invention is a method for producing a turbo device component, in particular a component of a turbo device comprising a compressor and a turbine according to one of the features described here, of a titanium-aluminum alloy with a titanium content of 40 at. % to 60 at.% and with an aluminum content of 5 at.% to 50 at.% or from a titanium-aluminum alloy with a titanium content of 40 at.% to 55 at.
  • an aluminum oxide-containing protective layer is produced, wherein the method is characterized in that this aluminum oxide-containing protective layer by means of a plasma Electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is generated, characterized in that said protective layer containing alumina on a concealed by an undercut of the turbine device component surface of Turbineneinrich production component is generated.
  • PEO plasma Electrolytic oxidation
  • the proposed method in particular thermally highly loaded components of a turbo device procedurally extremely simple and inexpensive to be protected by a suitable protective layer.
  • a plasma process is used in a conductive medium.
  • the component made of a titanium-aluminum alloy can also be protected only partially by an excellent oxidation barrier, wherein the protective layer produced here in the context of the invention can also be produced particularly cost-effective on the component.
  • Titanium aluminide in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a titanium-aluminum or aluminum-titanium alloy which has at least titanium and aluminum in the following percentage amount in atomic percent (at.%), Titanium in particular in a range of .gtoreq 38 at.% To ⁇ 59 at.% As well as aluminum may also be present in a range from ⁇ 35 at.% To ⁇ 50 at.% In the component material.
  • the present method can also be applied to a titanium, magnesium and a gamma titanium aluminide alloy with appropriate adaptation of the process parameters and, if appropriate, a coordinated pretreatment.
  • areas of the component which are not to be treated by the present protective layer can be protected during the process by an appropriately formed masking.
  • a layer growth can be temporarily controlled or regulated such that different, but also identical, layer thicknesses can be produced on the component.
  • turbo devices equipped with such optimized weight-optimized, dynamically rapidly rotating components have a significantly improved response, which in turn enables internal combustion engines equipped with them to be operated more advantageously.
  • an internal combustion engine having a turbo device, which comprises a compressor and a turbine, wherein the internal combustion engine characterized in that the turbo device comprises at least one component according to one of the features described here, since such equipped internal combustion engines operate more effectively ,
  • the object of the invention is further comprised of a component of a turbo device comprising a compressor and a turbine, with a component body consisting at least partially of a titanium-aluminum alloy, with a first material recess which configures a bearing bore, which coincides with its Longitudinal extent in the axial direction along a rotational axis of the component extends, the component having at least one of the bearing bore ausgestaltende first Materialaus foundedung different further material recess which configures a lying within the component body cavity to reduce the masses of the component to be accelerated.
  • this component can obtain a very good oxidation barrier, especially where a surface of the component bordering at least one further material recess has at least partially a protective layer produced by means of a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO).
  • PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
  • such a component which, for example, as dynamically stressed impeller, such.
  • a compressor or turbine runner is configured, can be particularly easily prepared by the present protective layer and protected from critical oxidation.
  • this component is at least partially made of a titanium aluminide and exposed as dynamically stressed component as a hot gas stream, such as an exhaust stream, an internal combustion engine.
  • the titanium-aluminum alloy has a titanium content of 40 at.% To 55 at.% And an aluminum content of 35 at.% To 50 at.%.
  • Such a titanium-aluminum alloy designed from a Titanaluminid which are particularly suitable for dynamically stressed or rotationally dynamic moving components of a turbo device, as they allow a particularly easy-built moving component of the turbo device.
  • the object of the invention in particular of a component of a turbo device comprising a compressor and a turbine, with a component body consisting at least partially of a titanium-aluminum alloy, with a first material recess which configures a bearing bore extends with its longitudinal extent in the axial direction along an axis of rotation of the component, and with at least one further material recess, which is different from the bearing bore ausgestaltende Materialaus strictlyung, this component being explicitly characterized in that the at least one further material recess defining surface of Component has at least partially a generated by means of a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) protective layer.
  • PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
  • the titanium-aluminum alloy of this component preferably has a titanium content of 40 at.% To 55 at.% And an aluminum content of 35 at.% To 50 at.%.
  • the weight reduction compared to previous high-temperature materials allows the use of titanium aluminides to increase the efficiency in the respective application as well as the potential for saving energy and thus reducing the environmental impact.
  • the component comprises a rotating impeller part of the compressor and / or the turbine of the turbine device, wherein the component in any cross section along its axis of rotation at least 65% or 80% of contour elements of its component symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the component are configured ,
  • Titanium aluminides in particular have the potential in numerous technical applications because of their low density of about 3.8 g / cm 3 and due to good mechanical properties at temperatures of 450 ° C to 950 ° C about superalloys such as nickel-based alloys (density 8 , 19 g / cm 3 ) and other heat-resistant materials, as high-temperature materials to replace.
  • superalloys such as nickel-based alloys (density 8 , 19 g / cm 3 ) and other heat-resistant materials, as high-temperature materials to replace.
  • titanium aluminides mean that, even at elevated temperatures, they now achieve comparable mechanical properties to those of some well-known nickel-based alloys.
  • the component is produced either by a casting process, in particular investment casting, or powder metallurgy, in particular by a metal powder injection molding or by a generative production process, in particular by electron beam sintering or by selective laser melting preferably in final contour or at least near net shape.
  • the surface of the present component partially or completely comprises an oxide-containing protective layer, which is produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation.
  • the present component can be produced particularly precisely if the final contour is produced by EDM or by electrochemical machining (ECM).
  • the fact that the component has at least one of the bearing bore ausausende first material recess different further material recess, which configures a lying within the component body cavity, in particular to be accelerated masses of the component can be significantly reduced. Since in this case during the acceleration of the component less moments of inertia must be overcome, the turbo device as a whole receives a better response.
  • a preferred embodiment provides in this context that the at least one further material recess is arranged radially further outside relative to the axis of rotation of the component than the first material recess which configures the bearing bore. In this way, particularly favorably placed cavities can be provided within the component or its component body.
  • the at least one further material recess is arranged axially at the same height as the first material recess which configures the bearing bore.
  • the at least one further material recess is a cavity of the component, which is accessible from a side of the component remote from a blade element. This makes it particularly well possible to produce a protective layer generated by means of a plasma electrolytic oxidation within the component, so that the entire surface of the component or its component body, which limits the inner cavity, can be protected by means of an oxidation barrier.
  • the side of the component facing away from the blade elements in this case describes the rear side of the component, the front side of the component comprising the blade elements of an impeller part of a compressor or of a turbine.
  • the at least one further material recess is a cavity of the component, which in the axial direction by a Undercut of the component body, in particular of a suspended on the component body hub part is at least partially hidden. This allows a particularly high material savings and thus a high weight reduction can be achieved on the component.
  • a protective layer in particular an aluminum oxide-containing protective layer, can be produced by means of the present plasma electrolytic oxidation even on hard-to-reach surface regions of the component, these surface regions being covered by undercuts of the component from the outside.
  • an advantageous variant of the method also provides that this protective layer containing aluminum oxide is produced on a surface of the turbine device component that is hidden by an undercut of the turbine device component.
  • the component can be produced with particular weight reduction, if the at least one further material recess is a cavity of the component, which at least partially passes through the axis of rotation of the component.
  • the present titanium-aluminum alloy or in particular the titanium aluminide can be alloyed differently depending on the area of application of the component.
  • a favorable titanium aluminide alloy in addition to other elements of the Periodic Table and any impurities in a respective frequency of ⁇ 1 at .-% one or more of the following alloying elements.
  • the titanium-aluminum alloy niobium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium and / or molybdenum each having a content of more than 0 at .-% to 11 at .-% have.
  • iron, chromium, vanadium and / or manganese each having a proportion of more than 0 at .-% to 4 at .-% have.
  • the titanium-aluminum alloy may cumulatively or alternatively comprise boron or carbon or silicon each having a content of more than 0 at.% To 1 at.%.
  • the sum of the components present in the component corresponds to an amount of ⁇ 100 at.%, whereby the abovementioned compounds can be present within the abovementioned limits in any desired combinations and in each case at least partially together.
  • alumium oxide-containing protective layer By producing such an alumium oxide-containing protective layer can be prevented in particular in a titanium aluminide component that, as for titanium aluminides in the context of a thermal load in particular at high titanium content or low aluminum content of about below 50 at .-% or of 42 at .-% is known to form an excessive proportion of titanium oxide on the surface.
  • both the high temperature self-forming oxide layers and the high-level protective layers formed by a surface treatment step, such as titanium dioxide, are not very resistant to oxidation.
  • a relatively thin to thick oxide-containing protective layer in the range of a few microns to several hundred microns on a titanium-aluminum alloy component, especially from a titanium aluminide, can be produced inexpensively. And this is advantageously also possible almost independently of the outer geometry of the component.
  • the present oxide-containing protective layer has a good oxidation resistance due to its content of aluminum oxide.
  • the present protective layer may be so pronounced that the proportion of aluminum oxide is ⁇ 35% by volume.
  • a component which consists at least partially of a titanium aluminide as described below: Titanium in a range of greater than or equal to 40 at.% To less than or equal to 55 at.%, With aluminum present in a range greater than or equal to 35 at.% To less than or equal to 50 at.%, And wherein Further, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium or molybdenum in a range of greater than or equal to 0 at .-% to less than or equal to 11 at .-% and iron, chromium, vanadium or manganese in a range of greater than or equal to 0 at % to less than or equal to 4 at.% and boron or carbon or silicon in a range of greater than or equal to 0 at.% to less than or equal to 1 at.%.
  • the abovementioned compounds can in this case be present within the abovementioned limits in any desired combinations and in each case also at least partially together.
  • such components made entirely or partially of titanium aluminide may be formed by, for example, casting methods, e.g. investment casting, or powder metallurgy, e.g. by metal powder injection molding (MIM), or machining, e.g. by milling or turning, are made of appropriate semi-finished products.
  • casting methods e.g. investment casting
  • powder metallurgy e.g. by metal powder injection molding (MIM)
  • MIM metal powder injection molding
  • machining e.g. by milling or turning
  • the protective layer produced by means of a plasma-electrolytic oxidation on a component can be of various shapes, as explained here.
  • the protective layer produced comprises an oxide ceramic layer, in particular an Al 2 O 3 layer.
  • an oxide ceramic layer in particular an Al 2 O 3 layer.
  • the protective layer resulting from the conversion of the component surface has a thickness of 0.1 to 300 ⁇ m, in particular 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the component comprises a component of the compressor and / or the turbine of the turbo device through which the medium flows.
  • a component to be coated is a housing part through which exhaust gases, coolants, lubricants flow, such as a water-cooled turbine housing part or a compressor housing part.
  • a housing part through which exhaust gases, coolants, lubricants flow such as a water-cooled turbine housing part or a compressor housing part.
  • a component of a turbomachine comprising a compressor and a turbine
  • the component comprises an at least partially made of a titanium-aluminum alloy has existing component body
  • the titanium-aluminum alloy has a titanium content of 40 at .-% to 60 at .-% and an aluminum content of 5 at .-% to 50 at .-%
  • the component comprises a component of the compressor and / or turbine of the turbo device through which fluid flows, since such a component or medium can also be advantageously protected by a protective layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation and thus further developed.
  • a medium flowing through the component may be, for example, an exhaust gas, a coolant, a lubricant or the like.
  • this component may be a housing part of a compressor or a turbine of a correspondingly configured turbo device through which exhaust gases, coolants, lubricants or the like flow.
  • the present invention can be used particularly advantageously.
  • This relates in particular to the partial coating of flow-leading inner cross sections of a correspondingly designed housing part such.
  • a coating by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation in the region of plane surfaces of a connecting flange of the turbine housing part to a housing of an internal combustion engine is also advantageous.
  • a protective layer produced by means of a plasma electrolytic oxidation can also be used excellently for thermal insulation.
  • a protective layer can be used to insulate cooling water passages of the turbine housing or exhaust passages of the turbine housing.
  • the present protective layer is particularly intimately connected to the respective component, which is particularly advantageous in the case of components subjected to high thermal stress, since these are often already subjected to elastic deformation during normal operation of a turbo device.
  • thermal stresses between a base material and a related protective layer can be avoided, since the protective layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation has almost the same coefficient of expansion as the actual titanium-aluminum alloy from which the component is made ,
  • the present protective layer is advantageous in that less heat energy is removed from exhaust gases via the housing part into the environment, so that behind the turbo device hotter exhaust gases for heating the catalyst are available, whereby this much faster his can reach optimum operating temperature.
  • the component comprises a bearing part, in particular bearing parts of a shaft-hub connection, of the compressor and / or the turbine of the turbo device.
  • a bearing part in particular bearing parts of a shaft-hub connection
  • the present protective layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation.
  • the component comprises a bearing part, in particular bearing parts of a shaft-hub connection, of the compressor and / or the turbine of the turbo device.
  • Such components can be further developed by the present layer advantageous.
  • a related first process variant provides that a used electrolyte contains a silicon-containing compound as electrolyte base in the range of 0-300 g / l and potassium hydroxide (KOH), water glass (Na2SiO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), hydrofluoric acid (HF).
  • KOH potassium hydroxide
  • Na2SiO3 water glass
  • H3PO4 phosphoric acid
  • Na3PO4 sodium phosphate
  • HF hydrofluoric acid
  • Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Na2H2EDTA
  • tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate Na4EDTA
  • calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate CaNa2EDTA
  • ammonium metavanadate NH4VO3
  • disodium molybdate Na2MoO4
  • disodium tungstate Na2Wo4
  • hydrogen peroxide H2O2
  • citric acid C6H8O7
  • glycerol C3H8O3 in any combination in the range of 0 - 20 g / L, but in detail less than the electrolyte base, and urotropin in the range (0 - 400 g / L).
  • a used electrolyte contains a phosphorus-containing compound as electrolyte base in the range of 0-300 g / l and potassium hydroxide (KOH), water glass (Na2SiO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), boric acid (H3BO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), zirconium sulfate (ZrSO4), zirconium tungstate (ZrWO4), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), sodium hydrogenphosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium fluoride diammonium hydrogenphosphate (NH4) 2HPO4 , Urea (CH4N2O), potassium phosphate (K3PO4), potassium pyrophosphate (K4O7P2), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), sodium aluminate (Na2A12O4 or Na
  • a used electrolyte, an aluminum-containing compound as an electrolyte base in the range of 0 - 300 g / L and potassium hydroxide (KOH), water glass (Na2SiO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), hydrofluoric acid (HF ), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), boric acid (H3BO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), zirconium sulfate (ZrSO4), zirconium tungstate (ZrWO4), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), sodium hydrogenphosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium fluoride diammonium hydrogenphosphate (NH4) 2HPO4, urea (CH4N2O), potassium phosphate (K3PO4), potassium pyrophosphate (K4O7P2), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), sodium aluminate (Na2A12O4 or NaA
  • KOH potassium hydrox
  • a used electrolyte is a zirconium- or sulfur-containing compound in the range of 0-300 g / l and potassium hydroxide (KOH), water glass (Na2SiO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), boric acid (H3BO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), zirconium sulfate (ZrSO4), zirconium tungstate (ZrWO4), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), sodium hydrogenphosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium fluoride diammonium hydrogenphosphate (NH4) 2HPO4, urea (CH4N2O) , Potassium phosphate (K3PO4), potassium pyrophosphate (K4O7P2), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), sodium aluminate (Na2A12O4 or
  • a constant or temporally alternating direct current in the range of 0.1 mA to 250 A, in particular 10 mA to 120 A or a DC voltage in the range of 10 to 1200 V, in particular from 80 V to 800 V or a DC power in the range of 1 mW to 300 kW, in particular 8 mW to 96 kW is used.
  • the electrolyte used to convert the component surface has a temperature range from greater than or equal to 0 ° C. to less than or equal to 100 ° C., in particular greater than or equal to 0 ° C. to less than or equal to 70 ° C. It is understood that the features of the solutions described above or in the claims can optionally also be combined in order to implement the presently achievable advantages and effects in a cumulative manner.
  • FIG. 1 While in the FIG. 1 shown layer structures 2, 3 and 4 are generated substantially by a material deposition on the component surface, the in the FIG. 2 Layer structure 5 shown produced by a conversion of the component material in the region of its surface, whereby a substantially more intimate bonding of the surface or oxidation protection layer to the relevant component 1 is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 Schemes 10 additionally shown in the prior art illustrate an overview of scientific investigations for the evaluation of various surface treatments for the protection against oxidation, in which the FIG. 2 Type 4, however, not listed, since this type 4 appeared to be less interesting in the art.
  • a hexagonal honeycomb structure 15 characteristic for the anodization and process-related hexagonal structure 15 can be seen on the receptacle 14 shown there, in the middle of which there is a large approximately round pore 16.
  • a pore channel 17 designed in this respect the material transports required for the layer structure take place during the process, so that the porosity is unavoidable on the one hand and has a high areal proportion, for example, and thus has a poorer corrosion resistance compared to plasma-electrolytic oxide layers.
  • FIG. 4 14 shows the recording shown in FIG. 5 illustrated further picture 19 that the surface 20 is rougher and thicker. Furthermore, it can be seen that the existing pore structure 21, which is theoretically also unavoidable due to the plasma discharges during the process, is disordered on the one hand and that, compared to the anodization layer (FIG. FIG. 4 ) accounts for a significantly lower proportion of space. Due to the layer build-up mechanism (plasma discharges) and the lower porosity, such a layer not only becomes harder and stronger, but also more resistant to corrosion or oxidation.
  • FIG. 6 the surface of a turbine wheel for a turbocharger after machining is shown.
  • the production-related geometric deviations 3rd and 4th order such as grooves 25 or grooves, scales and dome 26th
  • the component 1 can be produced by a generative method, in particular by electron beam sintering or selective laser melting. These processes have only recently become available, since titanium aluminide powders have so far not been processed by generative processes. Only by the temperature of the powder, ie using a preheating, and using inert gases or vacuum to avoid, inter alia, the oxidation of the powder, cracks and high residual stresses can be avoided by thermal gradients and other disadvantages and the necessary energy to completely melt the powder grains be provided by the electron or laser beam.
  • the components can be produced in final contour or near-net-shape, so that the final contour can be reworked efficiently and in a resource-saving manner by machining, forming, physical or electrochemical processes, as schematically shown in FIG Representation after the FIG. 7 is shown.
  • FIG. 7 Now also the schematic sequence of the Selective Laser Melting is shown.
  • Input variables of the process are, on the one hand, the geometry of the component 1 to be realized, and also the powder 25, from which the component 1 is constructed.
  • a component platform 26 is filled with powder 25 and subsequently drawn off with a wiper 27 in order to achieve a uniform surface.
  • a laser 74 moves the component contour in the respective working plane 75 and melts the powder grains along its path, so that they combine to form a solid 76.
  • the entire platform lowers by a certain distance 77 and is filled up again to the edge with powder 25, so that a new level can be built up by the laser 74 and connected to the component 1. This cycle is repeated until the desired workpiece has been built from the lowest to the highest level and the finished component 1 is available.
  • the provided component 1 has a surface which has been produced by electrochemical or spark erosion processing in a liquid medium.
  • EDM electrochemical machining
  • FIG. 8 The illustrated illustration shows the surface of a turbine wheel for a turbocharger after electrochemical machining (ECM). It can be clearly seen that manufacturing-related geometry deviations 80 of the 3rd and 4th order are scarcely present, as in the case of the cutting processes. Instead, process-related pits 81 (pitting) are discernible due to the electrochemical removal mechanism. By contrast with the machining process, productivity is not determined by the machinability of the material. Since titanium aluminides are very difficult to machine, the ECM process has higher productivity and better achievable surface quality than other titanium aluminide processing methods. In particular, near-net-shape components, which were produced, for example, by means of selective laser melting, can thus be produced extremely efficiently and save resources and materials.
  • ECM electrochemical machining
  • the provided component 1 has the form of an impeller 90, in particular a turbine or compressor wheel, designed for a rotational movement. That is, it has, with respect to the contour elements in the cross-sectional area along its axis of rotation 91 predominantly, for example, to 65% or 80% or more, an axis symmetry, as shown in FIG FIG. 9 is shown.
  • This illustration shows a cross section of a turbine wheel, for example for a Turbocharger. Due to the design, the turbine wheel predominantly has a symmetry with regard to the contour elements in the cross-sectional area.
  • the symmetry axis corresponds to the axis of rotation 91.
  • Non-symmetrical elements - due to the curved shape of the blades - are schematically marked by a box 92.
  • the component provided is also a turbine or compressor wheel of a turbocharger (US Pat. FIG. 10 ).
  • FIG. 10 schematically a possible embodiment of a turbine wheel for a turbocharger is shown.
  • the central bore 101 for receiving a shaft and the characteristic curved blades 102 for converting the recovered by the expansion of the hot exhaust gas energy in a rotational movement of the rotor (rotor composite turbine wheel and shaft).
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 schematically a cross-section of another possible embodiment of a turbine wheel for a turbocharger is shown.
  • the solid portions 131 and the hub in the form of an inner bore 132 for receiving a steel shaft (not shown) can be seen.
  • the provided component has a structurally optimized design in the form of a cavity 133 in the component core, which runs rotationally symmetrically between the hub and the blade attachment. This cavity 133 is opened by openings 134 at the bottom or rear of the component, wherein webs 135 remain at right angles.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown schematically a cross section of another possible embodiment of a turbine wheel for a turbocharger.
  • the solid portions 141 and the hub in the form of an inner bore 142 for receiving the steel shaft (not shown) can be seen.
  • the provided component has a structure-optimized design in the form of cavities 143 within the blades. Each blade has a small bore 144 on the underside of the blade.
  • the component provided in particular a turbine or compressor wheel, has a structurally optimized shape, in particular a cavity in the component core, which is rotationally symmetrical between the hub and the blade attachment (see also FIG FIGS. 11 and 12 ) and / or within the blades (see in particular FIG. 13 ) on.
  • This cavity can generally be broken in different planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of struts or islands of material for stiffening and stabilizing the component.
  • the component 301 has a component body 303 made of a titanium-aluminum alloy, which is present as titanium aluminide.
  • the component 301 has a bearing bore 304 for receiving a shaft part (not shown), wherein the bearing bore 304 extends as a correspondingly formed material recess 305 with its longitudinal extent 306 in the axial direction 307 of the component 301.
  • the bearing bore 304 thus extends in alignment and in the direction of a rotation axis 308 of the component 301.
  • the component 301 has additional material recesses 310 (numbered only as an example) which configure cavities 311 (numbered only by way of example) within the component body 303 or the component 301.
  • the material recess 310 is arranged radially further outward than the bearing bore 304 with respect to the axis of rotation 308 of the component 301.
  • the cavities 311 are open from the rear side 312 of the component 301 and thus accessible, wherein the material recess 310 that configures the cavities 311 can be introduced into the component body 303 by different methods.
  • the cavities 311 are accessible from the side 314 facing away from the blade elements 313, namely the rear side 312 of the component 301.
  • the material recess 310 or the respective cavities 311 of this example differ from intermediate spaces 315, which are arranged between the individual blade elements 313 as a result of the design.
  • the component 301 shown here is not provided with a protective layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO).
  • PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
  • another component 401 is also illustrated in the form of an impeller part 402 of a turbine (not shown) of a turbo device (also not shown).
  • the component 401 also has a component body 403 of a titanium-aluminum alloy, which is present as titanium aluminide.
  • the component 401 has a bearing bore 404 for receiving a shaft part (not shown), wherein the bearing bore 404 extends as a correspondingly formed material recess 405 with its longitudinal extent 406 in the axial direction 407 of the component 401.
  • the bearing bore 404 thus extends in alignment and in the direction of a rotation axis 408 of the component 401.
  • this component 401 In order to be able to provide this component 401 as well as possible in terms of weight optimization, it has additional material recesses 410 (numbered only by way of example) which are configured within the component body 403 of the component 401 lying cavities 411 (numbered only as an example).
  • the material recesses 410 are arranged radially further outside relative to the axis of rotation 408 of the component 401 than the bearing bore 404.
  • the cavities 411 are open from the rear side 412 of the component 401 and thus accessible, wherein the material recess 410 that configures the cavities 411 can be introduced into the component body 403 by different methods.
  • the cavities 411 are accessible from the side 414 facing away from the blade elements 413, namely the back 412 of the component 401.
  • the material recess 410 or the cavities 411 in this case differ from intermediate spaces 415, which are arranged between the individual blade elements 413 as a result of the design.
  • the cavities 411 are at least partially hidden by the component body undercuts 422 of the component body 403 in the axial direction 407, all can Regions of the surfaces 420 delimiting the cavities 411 are protected by a protective layer 421 produced by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO).
  • PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
  • the undercuts 422 are limited in this embodiment by the plurality of cross struts 423 (only exemplified).
  • the component 450 shown is likewise an impeller part 402 of a turbine (not shown) of a turbo device (likewise not shown), wherein the component 401 also again has a component body 403 of a titanium-aluminum alloy, which is present as titanium aluminide.
  • the component 450 is characterized in that it has a hub part 451, which is designed in the form of a bearing collar 452.
  • this hub part 451 is separated from the main body part 453 of the component 450, and is connected to the main body part 453 substantially only by the cross braces 423.
  • undercuts 422 are formed not only by the individual transverse struts 423 but also by the hub portion 451.
  • a special feature of the component can still be seen in that the cavities 411 of the component 450 in the axial direction 407 by an undercut 422, which are at least partially hidden by the suspended hub portion 451.
  • the cavities 411 can be completely and completely coated.
  • the material recesses 410 in this case form cavities 411 of the component 450, which pass through the axis of rotation 408 of the component 450 and thus also bearing bore 404 at least partially.
  • turbochargers come into contact with the hot exhaust gas from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, which is why contacting components of titanium aluminide are particularly exposed to an oxidative attack.
  • the turbine wheels made of titanium aluminide are joined together with a steel shaft to form a so-called rotor.
  • a protective layer can be formed on the turbine wheel both before the jointing and after the jointing.
  • the runners can be fixed to the shaft and the turbine wheels partially or completely, in particular up to the joint of steel shaft and turbine wheel, immersed in an electrolyte and acted upon by the connection to a power source with an electric current, as shown FIG. 20 is shown.
  • This illustration shows, in particular, that the rotor, comprising the turbine shaft 112 of titanium aluminide fastened to the steel shaft 111, and a simple ronde-shaped counterelectrode 113 made of stainless steel are introduced into the electrolyte basin 114.
  • the rotor is further immersed in the electrolyte 115 only partially, here up to the joint of steel shaft 111 and turbine wheel 112, so that the steel shaft 111 does not come into contact with the electrolyte 115 and, like the counter electrode 113, is operatively connected to the power source 116 ,
  • FIG. 21 Another possible arrangement for producing a protective layer according to the method described above is described.
  • the rotor having the turbine shaft 123 made of titanium aluminide attached to the steel shaft 121 and a simple round-shaped counter-electrode 124 made of stainless steel are introduced into the electrolyte tank 125.
  • the rotor is almost completely immersed in the electrolyte 126, wherein the steel shaft 121 is covered with an insulating tape such that the steel shaft 121 does not come into contact with the electrolyte 126 and still is covered beyond the entry point into the electrolyte 126.
  • the component electrode is connected to the power source 127 as well as the counter electrode 124.
  • a closed, in particular aluminum oxide-rich protective layer can be formed on a turbine wheel made of titanium aluminide in the context of the present invention.
  • the joint can be covered with a suitable insulating material, for example a polymer, cover film, wax, adhesive tape or similar materials, so that the component with the steel shaft is immersed in the electrolyte until the end of the covered area.
  • a suitable insulating material for example a polymer, cover film, wax, adhesive tape or similar materials
  • the turbine wheel can be used by electrical contacting of the steel shaft as an electrode.
  • a dense and durable protective layer is formed on the turbine wheel of the turbocharger, which not only reliably increases the oxidation resistance, but also protects better protection against the otherwise usual in the turbocharger damage effects such as corrosion, dripping and particle impact and abrasion.
  • production-related disturbance variables such as geometrical deviations in the machining processes or pits or etching pits as in the ECM, or the surface layer as present after the spark erosion, are repaired by the plasma electrolytic conversion and the surface homogenized process-related, so that an intermediate additional cleaning or activation process can be avoided under favorable circumstances.
  • FIG. 22 schematically another possible, advantageous structure for carrying out the presently described method is shown.
  • the component electrode in the form of a cuboidal component 161 and the counter electrode 162 in the form of a rod made of stainless steel are suspended in the electrolyte 163 in a suitable electrolyte tank 164 and completely covered by this.
  • the two electrodes are electrically connected to a power source 165.
  • a suction device 166 and a heat exchanger 167 are provided for disposal of the resulting process gases or for controlling the temperature of the basin.
  • FIG. 23 schematically another possible arrangement for generating a protective layer according to the method proposed in the context of the invention is shown.
  • two turbine wheels 171 and 172 are combined to form one electrode and completely inserted into the electrolyte 173, so that the component electrode and the counter electrode have the identical shape and composition (titanium aluminide).
  • FIG. 2 shows the surface of a titanium aluminide component treated according to the above-described method by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at medium magnification 181 and high magnification 182 and the spectrum of a flat EDX analysis.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the pore density and the pore diameter 183 on the titanium aluminide surface are atypically low or small.
  • the EDX analysis shows that mixed oxides of titanium and aluminum are expected to form on surface 184.
  • FIG. 25 is the surface area of a titanium aluminide component treated according to the above-described method by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) again in medium magnification 191 and high magnification 192 and the spectrum of a surface EDX analysis after a burning process of 100 hours at 950 ° C. It can be seen that the morphology of the surface 193 changes and a closed and compared to the thermally unloaded surface (see, in particular FIG. 24 ) has formed an alumina-rich barrier layer 194.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • FIG. 26 is the percentage weight gain of samples 201 and 202 treated in accordance with the above-described Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, respectively, of a TNM titanium aluminide alloy 203 and a GE titanium aluminide alloy 204 after firing at 1000 for 10 hours ° C reproduced. It becomes clear that both treated samples show a significantly lower weight increase due to oxidation than the untreated reference 205 in both alloys due to the protective layer produced.
  • the frequency distribution of the elements present in the EDX line scan along the cross section of a titanium aluminide surface treated according to the method described above is shown after a firing process of 10 hours at 1000 ° C.
  • 211 marks the surface of the formed protective layer and 214 the interface between protective layer and substrate of the approximately 15 ⁇ m thick layer. It can be clearly seen that a protective layer with a low proportion of titanium oxide 212 and high aluminum oxide content 213 has formed toward the surface of the component.
  • the component configured in this way is subjected to an electrochemical plasma treatment by an electric current flow in an aqueous electrolyte.
  • an electrochemical plasma treatment by an electric current flow in an aqueous electrolyte.
  • the actual conversion of the surface i. H. the electrochemical reaction, in the context of short-lived (about 1 micron), high-energy (8000 K) plasma discharges, which screen the surface in all areas in contact with the electrolyte from areas.
  • Such a process may therefore be termed plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO).
  • PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
  • ANOF anodization under spark discharge
  • MAO micro-are oxidation
  • the method described above is carried out in a controlled manner and furthermore particularly suitable for reliably and completely or partially providing components with a protective layer irrespective of their geometry and size.
  • the choice of suitable electrolytes and process parameters may favor the formation of aluminum oxide over the formation of titanium oxide and other oxides of the alloy and / or electrolyte components, so that on the component surface in particular a protective layer rich in aluminum oxide is formed (see FIG. 27 ).
  • electrolytes suitable for the plasma electrolytic oxidation To classify the electrolytes suitable for the plasma electrolytic oxidation, the term "electrolyte base" is used.
  • electrolyte base is a substance of a class of substances which is most abundant in g / L in addition to water and urotropin in an electrolyte.
  • An electrolyte consisting of 10 g / L Na 2 SiO 3, 4 g / L H 3 PO 4, 2 g / L KOH, and 30 g / L urotropin in demineralized water has a silicate base.
  • a titanium aluminide surface is present in a suitable electrolyte comprising a silicon compound, e.g. Sodium waterglass (Na2SiO3), as an electrolyte base under electric current flow through the formation of reaction products of components of the electrolyte and of the substrate in an oxide-containing protective layer, e.g. having alumina, convert.
  • a silicon compound e.g. Sodium waterglass (Na2SiO3)
  • a titanium aluminide surface is in a suitable electrolyte comprising a phosphorus compound, e.g. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), as an electrolyte base under electric current flow through the formation of reaction products of components of the electrolyte and the substrate in an oxide-containing protective layer, for. B. alumina, let convert.
  • a suitable electrolyte comprising a phosphorus compound, e.g. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
  • H3PO4 Phosphoric acid
  • a titanium aluminide surface is in a suitable electrolyte comprising an aluminum compound, e.g. Sodium aluminate (Na2A12O4 or NaAl (OH) 4), as an electrolyte base under electric current flow through the formation of reaction products of components of the electrolyte and the substrate in an oxide-containing protective layer, for. B. alumina, let convert.
  • an aluminum compound e.g. Sodium aluminate (Na2A12O4 or NaAl (OH) 4
  • a titanium aluminide surface may be in a suitable electrolyte comprising a zirconium compound, e.g. Zirconium sulfate (ZrSO4) as an electrolyte base under electric current flow by the formation of reaction products of components of the electrolyte and of the substrate in an oxide-containing protective layer, e.g. having alumina, convert.
  • a zirconium compound e.g. Zirconium sulfate (ZrSO4)
  • a titanium aluminide surface is present in a suitable electrolyte comprising a sulfur compound, e.g. Sulfuric acid (H2S04), as an electrolyte base under electric current flow through the formation of reaction products of components of the electrolyte and the substrate in an oxide-containing protective layer, for. B. alumina, let convert.
  • a sulfur compound e.g. Sulfuric acid (H2S04)
  • H2S04 Sulfuric acid
  • an electrolyte is initially provided, for example in a basin intended for this purpose.
  • This basin may, in addition to the elements listed below for additional process control both a cooling, as well as a circulation and a suction for the process gases ( FIG. 22 ).
  • the particular aqueous electrolyte has one of the above-mentioned electrolyte bases, for example an acid or base of a silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, zirconium or sulfur compound in the quantitative range 0-300 g / l.
  • the electrolyte may contain potassium hydroxide (KOH), water glass (Na25iO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), boric acid (H3B03), sulfuric acid (H2S04), zirconium sulfate (ZrSO4), zirconium tungstate (ZrWO4), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), sodium hydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium fluoride dianimonium hydrogen phosphate (N H4) 2H P04, urea (CH4N2O), potassium phosphate (K3P04), potassium pyrophosphate ( K407P2), dipotassium phosphate (K2H PC4), sodium aluminate (N82A1204 or NaAl (OH) 4
  • KOH potassium hydroxide
  • water glass Na25iO3
  • phosphoric acid H3PO4
  • At least one or more electrically contacted titanium aluminide components are then immersed so as to be completely or partially wetted by the electrolyte.
  • the introduced into the electrolyte components are to be understood as electrodes and are summarized below in any number under the term component electrode.
  • an electrolyte may be used which has halide ions.
  • the electrolyte may comprise chloride, bromide or fluoride ions.
  • halide ions By introducing halide ions into the acidic or basic electrolyte, these halide ions can advantageously be incorporated into the protective layer, thus promoting the formation of a dense aluminum oxide layer, in particular for the protection against oxidation.
  • a protective layer can be produced in this way, which is predominantly made of aluminum oxide or at least has a high proportion of aluminum oxide, or has a small proportion of titanium dioxide.
  • the above-described halogen effect (type 3) can be integrated in the context of such a conversion layer (type 4), wherein the advantageous properties of the conversion layer (good wear and corrosion resistance and electrical or thermal insulation) are combined and can be dispensed with at the same time known from the prior art complex processes for ion implantation.
  • the method in this embodiment is particularly simple and inexpensive, especially in comparison to previously available technologies.
  • one or more electrodes for example graphite electrodes or metallic electrodes, as well as titanium aluminide components, may also be introduced into the electrolyte, ie partially or completely submerged, for counter contacting of the component electrode. These are summarized below in any number under the term counter electrode ( FIG. 24 ).
  • An electrical supply unit with control electronics is also connected to the component and counterelectrode.
  • a work is carried out in the following, in particular, between the contacting of the component electrode via the electrolyte and the contacting of the counter electrode.
  • the component electrode is switched either as an anode or a cathode alternately in a constant or temporally alternating manner, and a DC current or a DC voltage or a DC power is set by the supplying electrical unit, ie. H.
  • the electrical supply unit is regulated to a defined but temporally variable current or voltage or power value, wherein the component electrode does not change their polarity.
  • this work is done between the contacting of the component electrode and the counter electrode such that the supply unit is regulated to a current, voltage or power controlled pulse signal, ie, a unipolar or bipolar pulse pattern, with each change of polarity the Controlled variable from a current or voltage or power value to a current or Voltage or power can pass.
  • a current, voltage or power controlled pulse signal ie, a unipolar or bipolar pulse pattern
  • the shape of such a pulse may correspond to a rectangle, a sawtooth, a trapezoid or a half-wave or a superimposition of these and may amount in terms of the RMS or peak value at a voltage setting between 10 to 1200 V, in particular between 80 and 800 V, as well be set freely at a current specification between 0.1 mA to 250 A, in particular 10 mA to 120 A, and at a power specification between 1 mW and 300 kW, in particular between 8 mW and 96 kW, with both effective or peak value, as well as the pauses (pulse off) and pulse times (pulse on) can change with each new pulse during the process.
  • the resulting frequencies between two successive pulses are between 0.01 Hz and 100 kHz, in particular between 0.1 Hz and 10 kHz.
  • this work is done between the contacting of the component electrode and the counter electrode such that the supply unit is regulated to a current, voltage or power controlled sinusoidal signal with any offset in the form of a DC, DC or DC component, ie a wavy pattern, with each change in polarity, the controlled variable from a current or voltage or power value can go to a current or voltage or power value.
  • the shape of such a wave can correspond to an ideal sine or a sine which is deformed by various mathematical operations and can be in terms of magnitude or peak value at a voltage specification between 10 to 1200 V, in particular between 80 and 800 V, and at a current specification between 0.1 mA to 250 A, in particular 10 mA to 120 A, as well as at a power specification between 1 mW and 300 kW, in particular between 8 mW and 96 kW, freely set, with both RMS or peak value, as well as the period of the half wave at can change each new half-wave during the process.
  • the resulting frequencies between two successive pulses are between 0.01 Hz and 100 kHz, in particular between 0.1 Hz and 10 kHz.
  • the formation of an oxidation layer can take place such that a particularly aluminum oxide-rich protective layer grows closed on the component and thus a particularly dense and therefore safe protective layer is formed.
  • the component can be safely and long-term stable protected against external influences such as unwanted oxidation safely used in large series with appropriate quality requirements.
  • practicable reaction rates can be achieved by using the abovementioned parameter ranges, so that the method is also suitable for series processes, in particular in this refinement.
  • the applied constant or pulse or waveform current or voltage or power signal is maintained for a predetermined period of time, thus setting a characteristic thickness of the protective layer. Furthermore, a targeted control of the process parameters such as electrolyte temperature, circulation and concentration of individual electrolyte components can help to set suitable reaction conditions and thus a reproducible quality.
  • the method described is used such that a layer thickness of the protective layer produced of 0.1 to 300 .mu.m, in particular 1 to 10 .mu.m, is set in a targeted manner by the selection of suitable parameters.
  • the layer remains elastic and can cause greater stresses, such as those caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the component and protective layer, in particular as in thermal load cycles with high heating and cooling rates, for example in the turbocharger, either by a self-elongation or by cracking compensate.
  • Such temperature ranges may also have a positive effect on the formation of an aluminum oxide-rich protective layer.
  • the abovementioned temperature ranges are advantageous, in particular for joined attachments of the component, for example in the case of a grooved Stahlanabauteil, which is at least partially made of steel.
  • the relatively low temperature ranges avoid both a negative impact on the structure and the microstructural properties of both the titanium aluminide and the steel.
  • the process of plasma electrolytic oxidation in a defined titanium aluminide current, voltage or power controlled by the surface treatment all or parts of the surface of the component can be selectively oxidized or protected, so that the machined component safely protected against oxidation and thus is particularly long-term stability.
  • the protective layer can be formed without the influence of the geometry of the component, so that the method can be carried out essentially with each component.
  • a hub part 550 is shown which, at least in this exemplary embodiment, is completely coated on its surface by a protective layer produced by means of plasma-electrolytic oxidation. Even the illustrated oil inlet holes 551 (only exemplified) are thereby protected, wherein the present protective layer is applied filigree so that a reworking of the hub portion 550 at any surface area of the hub portion is required.
  • the cross-sectional morphology of the protective layer is shown, here a structure is achieved, which has the remains of coating channels (tubes, see arrow 552).
  • the in the FIG. 31 The morphology shown concerns an anodically produced PEO layer 553.
  • a morphology of a cathodic PEO layer 554 is shown having a closed structure on the surface which is similar to a structure created by a diffusion process (closed tube).
  • variable layer thicknesses and a uniform layer thickness can be produced on the component or on the component.
  • a turbo device 660 is shown by way of example, on which both inner contours 661 of a compressor 662 and related outer contours 663 are treated or protected by a protective layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation.
  • the actual component body of the treated component has a kind of sandwich construction, which has the protective layer on both its outer contour 663 and on its inner contour 661, the normal titanium-aluminum alloy being present between these two protective layers.
  • the turbo device 660 also has a corresponding turbine 664.
  • the titanium-aluminum alloy is shown in transverse cross-section in an uncoated state.
  • FIG. 34 The sandwich structure is easy to recognize, with the in the FIG. 33 shown material cross section or cross section is shown here in the coated state.
  • FIGS. 35 and 36 a corresponding material cross section or cross section both in the uncoated state and in the coated state ( FIG. 36 ), wherein the present protective layer is produced here only on the side of the inner contour 661.
  • the layer thickness of the present protective layer can be produced by selecting different process parameters both as thin layers (50 to 30 ⁇ ) and as thick layers (up to 300 ⁇ ).
  • the main advantage of the coating of the present compressor or compressor housing is the fact that the compressor housing is armored.
  • the dielectric strength of the component is significantly improved, which in turn reduces the risk that in case of failure of a rotating impeller part parts of this impeller part can penetrate the compressor housing.
  • the present protective layer By means of the present protective layer, it is possible to achieve a layer hardness of from 500 HV to 2000 HV, whereby a component coated in this way experiences a very high resistance to bombardment.
  • TMMB-1 gamma titanium aluminide alloy
  • alloys may be, for example, GE 45 22 or GE 48 22 in order to produce in particular a component in the form of a rotating impeller part.
  • This described embodiment often has the disadvantage that the oxide ceramic layer formed is removed by the finishing (contour grinding turbine wheel) and the balancing and the component is not protected at this point against corrosion and oxidation.
  • the ceramization of the turbine wheel 700 as a single part (without shaft 701 made of steel) could have the advantage that the foreign material of the shaft (for example, a steel alloy) does not adversely affect the oxidation result (see in particular also Figure 38 ).
  • the contacting of the turbine wheel 700 can take place at different locations.
  • a possible contacting of the component takes place in a bore 702 in the interior of the turbine wheel.
  • the bore 702 can be designed as a blind hole 702A or as a through hole.
  • blind hole 702 it should be noted that the hole does not have a negative influence on the strength of the component.
  • a similar contact also applies to a through hole.
  • the particular design of the hole can be introduced with a mechanical machining process (turning, milling, grinding, etc.).
  • the bore is already introduced during the production of the blank, for example by a casting method or by the MIM and EBM method.
  • a particularly good contact is ensured by an introduced into the bore or in the blind hole 702 anode member 703.
  • the oxidation of the turbine shell blank by the PEO process may be performed in a bath 705 using a suitable frame for placing the turbine wheel in the basin 705, a process tuned electrolyte 706, and a corresponding cathode 707 (eg, stainless steel or graphite).
  • the coating process can also take place in one cell - here, in contrast to the coating in the bath, the electrolyte is supplied to the component.
  • the component to be coated may be subjected to a pickling process prior to the actual coating process in order to improve the formation of oxide ceramics.
  • the oxidation of the impeller in the area of the turbine wheel by means of the PEO process can be carried out in a bath, using a suitable frame for placing the running tool in the pool, a process-matched electrolyte and a corresponding cathode (for example stainless steel or graphite).
  • the component to be coated (turbine wheel) can be subjected to a pickling process before the actual coating process in order to improve the formation of oxide ceramics.
  • One possibility is to add aluminum to the electrolyte used or to add silicon to it.
  • the component in an advantageous embodiment as a finished rotor blade made of a titanium alloy, is alitiert prior to ceramizing with a conventional method in the turbine wheel - it is coated with aluminum or A12O3 layer formers before ceramizing and then in the alit mandat area using PEO Process ceramifies to form a layer with A1203 excess.
  • the areas not to be coated (wave) must be masked during alitization as well as during ceramization, so that neither aluminum (alitiation) nor oxide ceramics (ceramizing) can form on these protected surfaces - for example by a rubber / plastic seal - Or kept away from the electrolyte by deliberate immersion in the Kerammaschinesbad.
  • the turbine wheel of a turbocharger rotor is made of a TNM alloy (cf. FIG. 10 ).
  • a titanium aluminide powder of a TNM alloy is first prepared by atomizing and provided for selective laser melting.
  • Selective Laser Melting see also FIG. 7
  • a turbine wheel is then produced from the atomized powder according to a topology-optimized design. This design can be obtained by means of an algorithm for topology or structure optimization.
  • the real load collective is assumed in a FEM simulation, a cavity in the component core is deposited under certain boundary conditions in the algorithm, and the original design of the turbine wheel is modified while removing material until a weight-optimized Design is achieved with an inner cavity (see. FIGS. 11 and 12 ).
  • This design is implemented by means of selective laser melting with a general allowance of 0.1 mm near the final contour (near-net-shape) in the form of the component.
  • the component is sized with a suitable tool for electrochemical machining in a suitable plant, that is, the allowance is removed to form a high surface quality and so the final contour is produced (see Figure 8).
  • the component is cleaned and rinsed and without another activation step, such as pickling, for example, in a device according to FIG. 20 given.
  • the already assembled rotor group consisting of a steel shaft and the attached titanium aluminide turbine wheel is immersed in the electrolyte tank only just below the joint of the rotor, so that the steel shaft does not come into contact with the electrolyte.
  • an aluminum oxide-rich protective layer (cf. FIG. 27 ) generated on the component. Due to the protective layer produced, a closed aluminum oxide layer is already formed in the insert after a short time (cf. FIG. 25 ), which better protects the weight-optimized turbine wheel against particle and droplet impact from the hot exhaust gas and against oxidation compared to an untreated turbine wheel.
  • a titanium aluminide component of a GE 48-2-2 alloy is treated according to the method described above by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation.
  • the electrolyte may be composed as described above.
  • a bipolar square-wave pattern controlled at an RMS voltage value of XX is applied at a frequency of 6 Hz, so that there are two components for each electrode alternately sets a positive and then a negative current value based on the applied voltage.
  • a titanium aluminide component made of a TNM alloy is treated according to the method described above by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation.
  • a component as a component and a stainless steel blank as a counter electrode in the electrolyte hung and connected to the power source.
  • the component electrode is in this case partially covered by an insulating tape such that the covered area is present both in the electrolyte and outside thereof (cf. FIG. 21 ).
  • the electrolyte may be composed as described above and has, in particular, halides as suggested above.
  • a bipolar sawtooth pattern with a frequency of 2.5 kHz is applied for 15 minutes in such a way that the current remains constant in the electrically positive (anodic) region of the bipolar pattern and in the negative region the voltage remains constant at a suitable peak value of XX A resp XXV.
  • energy is removed from the process via a heat exchanger.
  • the electrolyte is circulated via a pumping section and the resulting process gases via a suction device derived over the basin.
  • a compressor wheel for an exhaust gas turbocharger made of a 45 XD alloy comprising 45 at.%, 47 at.% Aluminum, 2 at.% Niobium, 2 at.% Manganese and 0.8 at.% TiB 2 is prepared according to the method described above treated plasma electrolytic oxidation.
  • two identical parts each as a component and as a counter electrode is completely hung in the electrolyte and connected to the power source.
  • the electrolyte may be composed as described above.
  • a sinusoidal alternating current with a frequency of 1.5 Hz is applied for 150 minutes such that the regulated current value increases from the beginning to the end of the process from 0 A to a suitable RMS value of XX A, ie passes through a ramp.
  • the sinusoidal current is shifted by an equally ramped DC component (offset) such that the minimum current value in each period is always equal to zero and never becomes negative.
  • offset an equally ramped DC component
  • energy is extracted from the process via a heat exchanger.
  • the electrolyte is circulated via a pumping section and the resulting process gases are discharged via a suction device above the basin.
  • the result is a thick, rough and alumina-rich protective layer with a thickness of 250 .mu.m to 280 .mu.m , which has a significantly lower tendency to oxidation than the untreated reference and due to their thickness good wear protection against particle or droplet impact.

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Claims (25)

  1. Composant (301) pour une turbomachine comprenant un compresseur et une turbine, avec un corps de composant constitué au moins partiellement d'un alliage titane-aluminium, l'alliage titane-aluminium présentant un pourcentage atomique de titane compris entre 40 % et 60 % ainsi qu'un pourcentage atomique d'aluminium compris entre 5 % et 50 %,
    dans lequel le composant présente au moins partiellement sur la surface du composant une couche de protection obtenue via oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO, soit Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation),
    dans lequel le composant présente un premier évidement de matériau où est formé un alésage de palier,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le composant comporte au moins un autre évidement de matériau (310) où est formée une cavité (311) à l'intérieur du corps de composant pour réduire les masses accélérées du composant,
    dans lequel une surface du composant qui délimite ledit au moins un autre évidement de matériau présente au moins partiellement une couche de protection obtenue via oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO).
  2. Composant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le composant comporte un composant traversé par un fluide du compresseur et/ou de la turbine de la turbomachine, en particulier un élément de boîtier traversé par des gaz d'échappement, des fluides de refroidissement ou des lubrifiants, tel qu'un élément de boîtier de compresseur ou un élément de boîtier de turbine refroidi par eau.
  3. Composant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le composant comporte un élément de palier, en particulier des éléments de palier d'une connexion axe-moyeu, du compresseur et/ou de la turbine de la turbomachine.
  4. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage titane-aluminium présente un pourcentage atomique de titane compris entre 40 % et 55 % ainsi qu'un pourcentage atomique d'aluminium compris entre 35 % et 50 %.
  5. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le composant comprend un élément de rotor tournant du compresseur et/ou de la turbine de la turbomachine, dans lequel le composant est configuré avec au moins 65 % ou 80 % des éléments de contour du composant agencés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de rotation du composant dans une section transversale quelconque selon son axe de rotation.
  6. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un autre évidement de matériau est agencé radialement plus à l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe de rotation du composant que le premier évidement de matériau où est formé l'alésage de palier.
  7. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un autre évidement de matériau est une cavité du composant qui est accessible du côté des éléments d'aube du composant.
  8. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un autre évidement de matériau est une cavité du composant qui est au moins partiellement recouverte en direction axiale par une échancrure du corps de composant, en particulier par un élément de moyeu suspendu au corps de composant.
  9. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un autre évidement de matériau est une cavité du composant qui croise au moins partiellement l'axe de rotation du composant.
  10. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage titane-aluminium comporte du niobium, du tantale, du tungstène, du zirconium et/ou du molybdène, avec chacun un pourcentage atomique compris entre 0 % et 11 %.
  11. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage titane-aluminium comporte du fer, du chrome, du vanadium et/ou du manganèse, avec chacun un pourcentage atomique compris entre 0 % et 4 %.
  12. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage titane-aluminium comporte du bore, du carbone ou du silicium, avec chacun un pourcentage atomique compris entre 0 % et 1 %.
  13. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection obtenue comporte une couche d'oxyde céramique, en particulier une couche d'Al2O3.
  14. Composant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel la couche de protection produite par transformation de la surface du composant présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 300 µm, en particulier entre 1 et 10 µm.
  15. Moteur à combustion interne avec une turbomachine comportant un compresseur et une turbine, caractérisé en ce que la turbomachine comprend au moins un composant selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  16. Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de turbomachine, en particulier d'un composant d'une turbomachine comprenant un compresseur et une turbine selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, constitué d'un alliage titane-aluminium avec un pourcentage atomique de titane compris entre 40 % et 60 % ainsi qu'un pourcentage atomique d'aluminium compris entre 5 % et 50 %, ou d'un alliage titane-aluminium avec un pourcentage atomique de titane compris entre 40 % et 55 % ainsi qu'un pourcentage atomique d'aluminium compris entre 35 % et 50 %, dans lequel une couche de protection contenant de l'oxyde d'aluminium est obtenue sur le composant de turbomachine via oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO), caractérisé en ce que cette couche de protection contenant de l'oxyde d'aluminium est obtenue sur une surface du composant de turbomachine recouverte par une échancrure du composant de turbomachine.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'un électrolyte utilisé présente un composé comportant du silicium comme base de l'électrolyte avec une teneur comprise entre 0 et 300 g/L, ainsi que de l'hydroxyde de potassium (KOH), du silicate de sodium (Na2SiO3), de l'acide phosphorique (H3PO4), du phosphate de sodium (Na3PO4), de l'acide fluorhydrique (HF), de l'ammoniaque (NH4OH), de l'acide borique (H3BO3), de l'acide sulfurique (H2SO4), du sulfate de zirconium (ZrSO4), du tungstate de zirconium (ZrWO4), du fluorure d'ammonium (NH4F), du dihydrogénophosphate de sodium (NaH2PO4), du fluorure de sodium de l'hydrogénophosphate de diammonium (NH4)2HPO4, de l'urée (CH4N2O), du phosphate de potassium (K3PO4), du pyrophosphate de potassium (K4O7P2), de l'hydrogénophosphate de potassium (K2HPO4), de l'aluminate de sodium (Na2Al2O4 ou NaAl(OH)4), méta aluminate de sodium (NaAlO2), du fluorure de sodium (NaF), du fluorure de potassium (KF) et de l'hypophosphite de sodium (NaH2PO2), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 120 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que du tétraborate de sodium (Na2B4O7), du difluorure d'ammonium (NH4HF2), de l'hexafluorotitanate de potassium (K2TiF6), de l'hexafluorozirconate de potassium (K2ZrF6), de l'acide éthylènediaminetétraacétique EDTA (C10H12CaN2Na2O8) ou ses sels, tels que l'EDTA disodium (Na2H2EDTA), l'EDTA tétrasodium (Na4EDTA) et l'EDTA calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA), du vanadate d'ammonium (NH4VO3), du molybdate de sodium (Na2MoO4), du tungstate de sodium (Na2WO4), du peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), de l'acide citrique (C6H8O7) ainsi que du glycérol (C3H8O3), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 20 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que de la méthénamine dans une plage de 0 à 400 g/L.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce qu'un électrolyte comprenant des ions halogénures est utilisé.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce qu'un électrolyte utilisé présente un composé comportant du phosphore comme base de l'électrolyte avec une teneur comprise entre 0 et 300 g/L, ainsi que de l'hydroxyde de potassium (KOH), du silicate de sodium (Na2SiO3), de l'acide phosphorique (H3PO4), du phosphate de sodium (Na3PO4), de l'acide fluorhydrique (HF), de l'ammoniaque (NH4OH), de l'acide borique (H3BO3), de l'acide sulfurique (H2SO4), du sulfate de zirconium (ZrSO4), du tungstate de zirconium (ZrWO4), du fluorure d'ammonium (NH4F), du dihydrogénophosphate de sodium (NaH2PO4)du fluorure de sodium de l'hydrogénophosphate de diammonium (NH4)2HPO4, de l'urée (CH4N2O), du phosphate de potassium (K3PO4), du pyrophosphate de potassium (K4O7P2), de l'hydrogénophosphate de potassium (K2HPO4), de l'aluminate de sodium (Na2Al2O4 ou NaAl(OH)4), méta aluminate de sodium (NaAlO2), du fluorure de sodium (NaF), du fluorure de potassium (KF) et de l'hypophosphite de sodium (NaH2PO2), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 120 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que du tétraborate de sodium (Na2B4O7), du difluorure d'ammonium (NH4HF2), de l'hexafluorotitanate de potassium (K2TiF6), de l'hexafluorozirconate de potassium (K2ZrF6), de l'EDTA (C10H12CaN2Na2O8) ou ses sels, tels que l'EDTA disodium (Na2H2EDTA), l'EDTA tétrasodium (Na4EDTA) et l'EDTA calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA), du vanadate d'ammonium (NH4VO3), du molybdate de sodium (Na2MoO4), du tungstate de sodium (Na2Wo4), du peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), de l'acide citrique (C6H8O7) ainsi que du glycérol (C3H8O3), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 20 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que de la méthénamine dans une plage de 0 à 400 g/L.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce qu'un électrolyte utilisé présente un composé comportant de l'aluminium comme base de l'électrolyte avec une teneur comprise entre 0 et 300 g/L, ainsi que de l'hydroxyde de potassium (KOH), du silicate de sodium (Na2SiO3), de l'acide phosphorique (H3PO4), du phosphate de sodium (Na3PO4), de l'acide fluorhydrique (HF), de l'ammoniaque (NH4OH), de l'acide borique (H3BO3), de l'acide sulfurique (H2SO4), du sulfate de zirconium (ZrSO4), du tungstate de zirconium (ZrWO4), du fluorure d'ammonium (NH4F), du dihydrogénophosphate de sodium (NaH2PO4), du fluorure de sodium de l'hydrogénophosphate de diammonium (NH4)2HPO4, de l'urée (CH4N2O), du phosphate de potassium (K3PO4), du pyrophosphate de potassium (K4O7P2), de l'hydrogénophosphate de potassium (K2HPO4), de l'aluminate de sodium (Na2Al2O4 ou NaAl(OH)4), méta aluminate de sodium (NaAlO2), du fluorure de sodium (NaF), du fluorure de potassium (KF) et de l'hypophosphite de sodium (NaH2PO2), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 120 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que du tétraborate de sodium (Na2B4O7), du difluorure d'ammonium (NH4HF2), de l'hexafluorotitanate de potassium (K2TiF6), de l'hexafluorozirconate de potassium (K2ZrF6), de l'EDTA (C10H12CaN2Na2O8) ou ses sels, tels que l'EDTA disodium (Na2H2EDTA), l'EDTA tétrasodium (Na4EDTA) et l'EDTA calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA), du vanadate d'ammonium (NH4VO3), du molybdate de sodium (Na2MoO4), du tungstate de sodium (Na2Wo4), du peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), de l'acide citrique (C6H8O7) ainsi que du glycérol (C3H8O3), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 20 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que de la méthénamine dans une plage de 0 à 400 g/L.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce qu'un électrolyte utilisé présente un composé comportant du zirconium ou du soufre comme base de l'électrolyte avec une teneur comprise entre 0 et 300 g/L, ainsi que de l'hydroxyde de potassium (KOH), du silicate de sodium (Na2SiO3), de l'acide phosphorique (H3PO4), du phosphate de sodium (Na3PO4), de l'acide fluorhydrique (HF), de l'ammoniaque (NH4OH), de l'acide borique (H3BO3), de l'acide sulfurique (H2SO4), du sulfate de zirconium (ZrSO4), du tungstate de zirconium (ZrWO4), du fluorure d'ammonium (NH4F), du dihydrogénophosphate de sodium (NaH2PO4), du fluorure de sodium de l'hydrogénophosphate de diammonium (NH4)2HPO4 de l'urée (CH4N2O), du phosphate de potassium (K3PO4), du pyrophosphate de potassium (K4O7P2), de l'hydrogénophosphate de potassium (K2HPO4), de l'aluminate de sodium (Na2Al2O4 ou NaAl(OH)4), méta aluminate de sodium (NaAlO2), du fluorure de sodium (NaF), du fluorure de potassium (KF) et de l'hypophosphite de sodium (NaH2PO2), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 120 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que du tétraborate de sodium (Na2B4O7), du difluorure d'ammonium (NH4HF2), de l'hexafluorotitanate de potassium (K2TiF6), de l'hexafluorozirconate de potassium (K2ZrF6), de l'EDTA (C10H12CaN2Na2O8) ou ses sels, tels que l'EDTA disodium (Na2H2EDTA), l'EDTA tétrasodium (Na4EDTA) et l'EDTA calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA), du vanadate d'ammonium (NH4VO3), du molybdate de sodium (Na2MoO4), du tungstate de sodium (Na2Wo4), du peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), de l'acide citrique (C6H8O7) ainsi que du glycérol (C3H8O3), en combinaison quelconque dans des plages respectives de 0 à 20 g/L, chacun cependant en concentration moindre que la base de l'électrolyte, ainsi que de la méthénamine dans une plage de 0 à 400 g/L.
  22. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 21, caractérisé en ce que, pour la transformation de la surface du composant, un courant continu constant ou temporairement alternatif compris entre 0,1 mA et 250 A est utilisé, en particulier entre 10 mA et 120 A, ou une tension continue comprise entre 10 V et 1200 V, en particulier entre 80 V et 800 V, ou une puissance continue comprise entre 1 mW et 300 kW, en particulier entre 8 mW et 96 kW.
  23. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 22, caractérisé en ce que, pour la transformation de la surface du composant, un signal d'impulsion unipolaire ou bipolaire régulé en intensité, en tension ou en puissance est utilisé, sous forme d'un signal carré, en dents de scie, trapézoïdal ou en demi-onde, ou une superposition de ces signaux avec une valeur efficace ou de pointe comprise entre 10 V et 1200 V, en particulier entre 80 V et 800 V, dans des segments régulés en tension, ainsi qu'entre 0,1 mA et 250 A, en particulier entre 10 mA et 120 A, dans des segments régulés en intensité, ainsi qu'entre 1 mW et 300 kW, en particulier entre 8 mW et 96 kW, dans des segments régulés en puissance, avec des fréquences variables au cours du temps dans une plage comprise entre 0,01 Hz et 100 kHz, en particulier entre 0,1 Hz et 10 kHz.
  24. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 23, caractérisé en ce que, pour la transformation de la surface du composant, un signal sinusoïdal idéal ou déformé régulé en intensité, en tension ou en puissance est utilisé, avec une valeur de décalage efficace ou de pointe quelconque comprise entre 10 V et 1200 V, en particulier entre 80 V et 800 V, dans des segments régulés en tension, ainsi qu'entre 0,1 mA et 250 A, en particulier entre 10 mA et 120 A, dans des segments régulés en intensité, ainsi qu'entre 1 mW et 300 kW, en particulier entre 8 mW et 96 kW, dans des segments régulés en puissance, avec des fréquences variables au cours du temps dans une plage comprise entre 0,01 Hz et 100 kHz, en particulier entre 0,1 Hz et 10 kHz.
  25. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 21, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte pour la transformation de la surface du composant est utilisé dans une plage de température supérieure ou égale à 0 °C et inférieure ou égale à 100 °C, en particulier supérieure ou égale à 0 °C et inférieure ou égale à 70 °C.
EP15837130.2A 2014-12-04 2015-12-04 Composant d'une turbomachine, moteur à combustion interne comportant une turbomachine et procédé de fabrication d'un composant d'une turbomachine Active EP3227474B1 (fr)

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PCT/DE2015/000579 WO2016086914A2 (fr) 2014-12-04 2015-12-04 Composant d'une turbomachine, moteur à combustion interne comportant une turbomachine et procédé de fabrication d'un composant d'une turbomachine

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022098437A3 (fr) * 2020-09-17 2022-08-11 Applied Materials, Inc. Revêtements protecteurs à l'oxyde d'aluminium sur des composants de turbocompresseur et d'autres composants d'équipement rotatif
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US11560804B2 (en) 2018-03-19 2023-01-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods for depositing coatings on aerospace components
US11603767B2 (en) 2018-03-19 2023-03-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods of protecting metallic components against corrosion using chromium-containing thin films
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RS59879B1 (sr) 2020-03-31
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WO2016086914A3 (fr) 2016-09-29
DE112015005466A5 (de) 2017-08-31

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