EP3221936A1 - Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug - Google Patents

Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug

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Publication number
EP3221936A1
EP3221936A1 EP15763919.6A EP15763919A EP3221936A1 EP 3221936 A1 EP3221936 A1 EP 3221936A1 EP 15763919 A EP15763919 A EP 15763919A EP 3221936 A1 EP3221936 A1 EP 3221936A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
heat
electrode head
central electrode
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15763919.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3221936B1 (en
Inventor
Nicolai CLAUS
Chris Schimmel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3221936A1 publication Critical patent/EP3221936A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3221936B1 publication Critical patent/EP3221936B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/16—Means for dissipating heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/34—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug with reduced wear on the center electrode and an easily implementable method for producing a spark plug.
  • WO 2012/105255 A1 describes a spark plug with center electrode and ground electrode.
  • the center electrode is arranged in the insulator.
  • An electrically conductive material provides an electrical connection between the
  • the electrically conductive material surrounds a center electrode head of the center electrode aligned in the direction of the electrical connection region and fills a gap between the center electrode head and the insulator.
  • the electrically conductive material acts as a thermal insulator and prevents or reduces heat dissipation from the center electrode via the ceramic insulator to a cooled cylinder head in contact with a housing of the spark plug. The wear of such a spark plug due to thermal overload is high.
  • the spark plug according to the invention according to the main claim is characterized by a very good heat conduction between the central electrode head and the ceramic insulator. This is achieved by the fact that
  • Center electrode head is on its outer circumference at least partially in thermal contact with the ceramic insulator and forms a heat-conducting contact area.
  • Center electrode reduced.
  • the material of the center electrode is thus less strained and the life of the spark plug according to the invention significantly increased.
  • the entire outer circumference of the center electrode head forms a heat-conducting contact area with the ceramic insulator.
  • the heat conduction can be further improved by the
  • Outer periphery of the central electrode head is in direct contact with the insulator.
  • the center electrode head and the insulator It is also advantageous to avoid air gaps between the center electrode head and the insulator. This is preferably achieved by forming a press connection between the center electrode head and the insulator. Furthermore, in order to minimize heat transfer losses due to convection flow, the heat-conducting contact area between the central electrode head and the insulator is advantageously made gas-tight.
  • the heat dissipation capability of the spark plug according to the invention can advantageously be increased with the smallest possible overall length of the center electrode by virtue of the fact that the heat-conducting contact region in the axial direction X-X of the spark plug has a length L of at least 1 mm and preferably of 1.5 to 4.5 mm.
  • a diameter D of the center electrode head at the heat-conductive contact area is at least 2 mm, and more preferably 2 to 4 mm, the heat-dissipating power can be further increased by the heat-conductive contact area.
  • Also beneficial to the heat dissipation capacity is a ratio L / D of length L of the heat-conducting contact area to the diameter D of the heat-conducting contact area, which is preferably at least 0.75.
  • a good gas-tight seal of the combustion chamber and a centering storage of the center electrode head in the insulator and thus a particularly uniformly high trained on all sides réelleableitrise is advantageously achieved in that a diameter of
  • Center electrode head is greater than a combustion chamber facing
  • a shoulder is formed in a transition region between the center electrode head and the combustion chamber facing central electrode portion, which comes to rest on the insulator. As a result, the shoulder of the center electrode is also in heat-conducting contact with the ceramic insulator.
  • the center electrode head of the center electrode has a cup-like region on its front side.
  • the cup-like region further preferably has a circumferentially closed wall.
  • the center electrode head is designed as a cylindrical cup. Thereby, heat dissipation with large rates can be made uniformly on all sides of the insulator.
  • a further advantageous development is characterized in that the center electrode head in the region of its outer circumference, which is located in the heat-conducting contact region, a plurality of serrated
  • the method disclosed below is particularly suitable for producing the spark plug described above.
  • the process is by a combination of standard processes very easily without high technical complexity and thus cost feasible.
  • the method comprises, as a first step, inserting a center electrode into a cavity of the ceramic insulator, so that the center electrode head is placed on one in the cavity
  • a diameter of the central electrode head is for this purpose in particular larger than a combustion chamber facing portion of the central electrode, which is arranged below the shoulder formed in the insulator.
  • the combustion chamber of the spark plug is sealed gas-tight against the areas outside the combustion chamber.
  • the center electrode head is brought into direct contact with the ceramic insulator, so that in a further step, a heat-conductive contact area between an outer periphery of the central electrode head and the ceramic insulator is formed.
  • the pressing is advantageously carried out with a stamp.
  • the punch preferably has a shape that corresponds to the negative shape of the center electrode head to be pressed, so that a uniform force transmission for centering arrangement and attachment of the center electrode in the ceramic insulator can be exercised.
  • the method comprises the step of introducing an electrically conductive connection element in the cavity of the ceramic insulator, so that the central electrode head with the electrical
  • Connection region of the spark plug is electrically connected.
  • Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a spark plug according to a
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of the spark plug of FIG. 1.
  • the spark plug 1 comprises a ground electrode 2 and a center electrode 3.
  • a ceramic insulator 7 is provided such that the center electrode 3 protrudes slightly from the insulator 7 in a known manner.
  • the center electrode 3 is made of a material, but can also be a core Sheath structure, for example, a jacket made of nickel-containing material and a core of copper-containing material, a
  • a noble metal pin for generating a spark plasma can be provided on the combustion chamber side.
  • the insulator 7 itself is partially surrounded by a housing 6.
  • Reference numeral 13 denotes an electrical connection portion of
  • Spark plug 1 From the electrical connection region 13 is an electrically conductive connection via a connecting bolt and a e.g. made of an electrically conductive glass connecting element 8 to
  • Center electrode 3 is provided.
  • the center electrode 3 has one in the direction of the electrically conductive
  • Connecting element 8 arranged center electrode head 5.
  • an end face 10 of the central electrode head 5 is in contact with the electrically conductive connecting element 8.
  • a diameter of the central electrode head 5 is larger than a diameter of a combustion chamber-facing center electrode section 4.
  • Section of the insulator 7 comes to rest.
  • An outer periphery of the center electrode head 5 is in heat-conductive contact with the ceramic insulator 7, so that between the outer periphery of the central electrode head 5 and the ceramic insulator 7, a heat-conductive contact region 9 is formed.
  • the heat-conducting contact region 9 is shown in more detail in FIG. According to the advantageous development shown here, the entire outer circumference of the central electrode head 5 with the ceramic insulator 7 forms a heat-conducting contact region 9. In other words, the entire outer circumference of the central electrode head 5 including its shoulder 12 is in direct contact with the
  • the heat-conductive contact region 9 in the axial direction X-X of the spark plug 1 advantageously has a length L of at least 1 mm, in particular from 1, 5 to
  • Central electrode head 5 and insulator 7 can be provided.
  • a diameter D of the central electrode head 5 at the heat-conducting contact region 9 is at least 2 mm, in particular 2 to 4 mm, and a ratio L / D of the length L of the heat-conducting contact region 9 to the diameter D of the heat-conducting contact region 9 is at least 0.75.
  • the center electrode head 5 has in the direction of its end face 10 a cup-like region 1 1, and thus a aligned in the direction of the electrically conductive connecting element 8 concave area on.
  • thermally conductive contact region 9 is obtained with very good contact of the electrically conductive connecting element 8.
  • the center electrode 3 is thus also positively in the insulator and the electrically conductive

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a spark plug (1) with improved heat-dissipating capacity of the central electrode. According to the invention, the spark plug (1) comprises a ground electrode (2), a central electrode (3) and a ceramic insulator (7) which is configured to hold the central electrode (3). The central electrode (3) comprises a central electrode head (5) located in the direction of an electrical connection region (13) of the spark plug (1), which comprises a front side (10) which is in contact with an electrically conductive connecting element (8) arranged between the electrical connection region (13) and the central electrode head (5). The central electrode head (5), on the outer circumference thereof, is in heat-conducting contact at least in sections with the ceramic insulator (7) and forms a heat-conducting contact region (9).

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Zündkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze Stand der Technik  Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug prior art
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze mit reduziertem Verschleiß an der Mittelelektrode sowie ein einfach umsetzbares Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze. The present invention relates to a spark plug with reduced wear on the center electrode and an easily implementable method for producing a spark plug.
Zündkerzen sind aus dem Stand der Technik in unterschiedlicher Ausgestaltung bekannt. WO 2012/105255 A1 beschreibt eine Zündkerze mit Mittelelektrode und Masseelektrode. Die Mittelelektrode ist im Isolator angeordnet. Ein elektrisch leitfähiges Material stellt eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Spark plugs are known from the prior art in different embodiments. WO 2012/105255 A1 describes a spark plug with center electrode and ground electrode. The center electrode is arranged in the insulator. An electrically conductive material provides an electrical connection between the
Mittelelektrode und einem elektrischen Anschlussbereich der Zündkerze her. Das elektrisch leitfähige Material umgibt dabei einen in Richtung des elektrischen Anschlussbereichs ausgerichteten Mittelelektrodenkopf der Mittelelektrode und füllt einen Spalt zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf und dem Isolator. Das elektrisch leitfähige Material wirkt als thermischer Isolator und verhindert bzw. reduziert eine Wärmeabfuhr von der Mittelelektrode über den keramischen Isolator auf ein mit einem Gehäuse der Zündkerze in Kontakt stehenden, gekühlten Zylinderkopf. Der Verschleiß einer solchen Zündkerze durch thermische Überlastung ist damit hoch. Center electrode and an electrical connection area of the spark plug ago. In this case, the electrically conductive material surrounds a center electrode head of the center electrode aligned in the direction of the electrical connection region and fills a gap between the center electrode head and the insulator. The electrically conductive material acts as a thermal insulator and prevents or reduces heat dissipation from the center electrode via the ceramic insulator to a cooled cylinder head in contact with a housing of the spark plug. The wear of such a spark plug due to thermal overload is high.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze gemäß dem Hauptanspruch zeichnet sich hingegen durch eine sehr gute Wärmeleitung zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf und dem keramischen Isolator aus. Dies wird dadurch erzielt, dass der The spark plug according to the invention according to the main claim, however, is characterized by a very good heat conduction between the central electrode head and the ceramic insulator. This is achieved by the fact that
Mittelelektrodenkopf an seinem Außenumfang mindestens abschnittsweise mit dem keramischen Isolator in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht und einen wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich bildet. Mit anderen Worten stehen Abschnitte des Außenumfangs des Mittelelektrodenkopfes in thermisch leitfähigem Kontakt mit dem keramischen Isolator, so dass ein Wärmeübertrag vom Center electrode head is on its outer circumference at least partially in thermal contact with the ceramic insulator and forms a heat-conducting contact area. In other words, there are sections the outer periphery of the central electrode head in thermally conductive contact with the ceramic insulator, so that a heat transfer from
Mittelelektrodenkopf auf den Isolator und damit eine Wärmeableitung von der Mittelelektrode mit großen Raten erfolgt. Hierbei wurde gefunden, dass ein elektrisch leitfähiges Verbindungselement, das zur elektrischen Verbindung des Mittelelektrodenkopfes und des elektrischen Anschlussbereichs der Zündkerze vorgesehen ist, eine schlechtere thermische Leitfähigkeit als der keramische Isolator aufweist. Durch den wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich stehen der Center electrode head on the insulator and thus heat dissipation from the center electrode at high rates occurs. Here, it has been found that an electrically conductive connecting element, which is provided for the electrical connection of the central electrode head and the electrical connection region of the spark plug, has a lower thermal conductivity than the ceramic insulator. Due to the heat-conducting contact area are the
Mittelelektrodenkopf und der Isolator in sehr guter thermischer Verbindung, so dass ein Wärmetransfer sehr gut erfolgen kann. Die Wärmeableitung vom Mittelelektrodenkopf auf den Isolator kann somit sehr schnell mit hohen Raten erfolgen. Durch die sehr gute Wärmeabfuhr wird die Verschleißrate der Center electrode head and the insulator in very good thermal connection, so that a heat transfer can be done very well. The heat dissipation from the center electrode head to the insulator can thus be done very quickly at high rates. Due to the very good heat dissipation, the wear rate of
Mittelelektrode reduziert. Insbesondere wird eine Wärmeableitung von der brennraumzugewandten Mittelelektrodenspitze, an der, durch das Funkenplasma bedingt, die höchsten Temperaturen vorherrschen, auf den Isolator und weiter auf den üblicherweise gekühlten Zylinderkopf, verbessert. Das Material der Mittelelektrode wird somit weniger strapaziert und die Lebensdauer der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze signifikant erhöht. Center electrode reduced. In particular, a heat dissipation from the combustion chamber facing center electrode tip on which, due to the spark plasma, the highest temperatures prevail, on the insulator and further on the usually cooled cylinder head, improved. The material of the center electrode is thus less strained and the life of the spark plug according to the invention significantly increased.
Die Unteransprüche zeigen bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.
Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Wärmeableitung vom Mittelelektrodenkopf auf den Isolator ist gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung vorgesehen, dass der gesamte Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes mit dem keramischen Isolator einen wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich bildet. To further improve the heat dissipation from the central electrode head to the insulator, it is provided according to an advantageous development that the entire outer circumference of the center electrode head forms a heat-conducting contact area with the ceramic insulator.
Die Wärmeleitung kann dadurch weiter verbessert werden, dass der The heat conduction can be further improved by the
Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes in direktem Kontakt mit dem Isolator steht. Dies bedeutet mit anderen Worten, dass zwischen dem Outer periphery of the central electrode head is in direct contact with the insulator. In other words, that means between that
Mittelelektrodenkopf und dem Isolator keine Zwischenschicht, also weder eine thermisch leitfähige Zwischenschicht noch eine Luftschicht, vorhanden ist. Auch liegt in diesem Bereich kein elektrisch leitfähiges Verbindungselement vor. Center electrode head and the insulator no intermediate layer, so neither a thermally conductive intermediate layer nor an air layer, is present. Also, there is no electrically conductive connecting element in this area.
Weiter vorteilhaft ist es, Luftspalte zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf und dem Isolator zu vermeiden. Dies wird vorzugsweise dadurch erzielt, dass zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf und dem Isolator eine Pressverbindung ausgebildet ist. Um des Weiteren Wärmetransferverluste durch Konvektionsströmung zu minimieren, ist der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich zwischen Mittelelektrodenkopf und Isolator vorteilhafterweise gasdicht ausgebildet. It is also advantageous to avoid air gaps between the center electrode head and the insulator. This is preferably achieved by forming a press connection between the center electrode head and the insulator. Furthermore, in order to minimize heat transfer losses due to convection flow, the heat-conducting contact area between the central electrode head and the insulator is advantageously made gas-tight.
Das Wärmeableitvermögen der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze kann, bei möglichst geringer Gesamtlänge der Mittelelektrode vorteilhaft dadurch gesteigert werden, dass der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich in Axialrichtung X-X der Zündkerze eine Länge L von mindestens 1 mm und vorzugsweise von 1 ,5 bis 4,5 mm, hat. The heat dissipation capability of the spark plug according to the invention can advantageously be increased with the smallest possible overall length of the center electrode by virtue of the fact that the heat-conducting contact region in the axial direction X-X of the spark plug has a length L of at least 1 mm and preferably of 1.5 to 4.5 mm.
Durch Optimierung des Verhältnisses der Länge des Mittelelektrodenkopfes und dessen Durchmesser und insbesondere dadurch, dass ein Durchmesser D des Mittelelektrodenkopfes am wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich mindestens 2 mm und insbesondere 2 bis 4 mm, beträgt, kann das Wärmeableitvermögen durch den wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich weiter gesteigert werden. By optimizing the ratio of the length of the center electrode head and the diameter thereof, and in particular, that a diameter D of the center electrode head at the heat-conductive contact area is at least 2 mm, and more preferably 2 to 4 mm, the heat-dissipating power can be further increased by the heat-conductive contact area.
Dem Wärmeableitvermögen ebenfalls zuträglich ist auch ein Verhältnis L/D der Länge L des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs zum Durchmesser D des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs, das vorzugsweise mindestens 0,75 beträgt. Also beneficial to the heat dissipation capacity is a ratio L / D of length L of the heat-conducting contact area to the diameter D of the heat-conducting contact area, which is preferably at least 0.75.
Eine gute gasdichte Abdichtung des Brennraumes sowie eine zentrierende Lagerung des Mittelelektrodenkopfs im Isolator und damit ein nach allen Seiten besonders gleichmäßig hoch ausgebildetes Wärmeableitvermögen wird vorteilhafterweise dadurch erzielt, dass ein Durchmesser des A good gas-tight seal of the combustion chamber and a centering storage of the center electrode head in the insulator and thus a particularly uniformly high trained on all sides Wärmeableitvermögen is advantageously achieved in that a diameter of
Mittelelektrodenkopfs größer ist als ein brennraumzugewandter Center electrode head is greater than a combustion chamber facing
Mittelelektrodenabschnitt. Ferner ist in einem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf und dem brennraumzugewandten Mittelelektrodenabschnitt eine Schulter ausgebildet, die auf dem Isolator zu liegen kommt. Dadurch steht auch die Schulter der Mittelelektrode in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit dem keramischen Isolator. Central electrode portion. Further, a shoulder is formed in a transition region between the center electrode head and the combustion chamber facing central electrode portion, which comes to rest on the insulator. As a result, the shoulder of the center electrode is also in heat-conducting contact with the ceramic insulator.
Vorzugsweise weist der Mittelelektrodenkopf der Mittelelektrode an seiner Stirnseite einen becherartigen Bereich auf. Der becherartige Bereich weist dabei weiter bevorzugt eine umlaufend geschlossene Wand auf. Hierdurch wird bei reduziertem Mittelelektrodenkopfvolumen ein besonders großer Außenumfang erhalten, was einem Wärmetransfer vom Mittelelektrodenkopf auf den Isolator zuträglich ist. Preferably, the center electrode head of the center electrode has a cup-like region on its front side. The cup-like region further preferably has a circumferentially closed wall. As a result, with a reduced central electrode head volume, a particularly large outer circumference obtained, which is beneficial to a heat transfer from the central electrode head to the insulator.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der Mittelelektrodenkopf als zylindrischer Becher ausgebildet. Dadurch kann eine Wärmeableitung mit großen Raten gleichförmig nach allen Seiten auf den Isolator erfolgen. Particularly preferably, the center electrode head is designed as a cylindrical cup. Thereby, heat dissipation with large rates can be made uniformly on all sides of the insulator.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelelektrodenkopf in dem Bereich seines Außenumfangs, der sich im wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich befindet, eine Vielzahl von zackenartigenA further advantageous development is characterized in that the center electrode head in the region of its outer circumference, which is located in the heat-conducting contact region, a plurality of serrated
Vorsprüngen aufweist. Hierdurch wird die Oberfläche des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs vergrößert, so dass eine Wärmeableitung noch effektiver erfolgen kann. Ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß wird auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einerHaving protrusions. As a result, the surface of the heat-conducting contact area is increased, so that a heat dissipation can be made even more effective. Also according to the invention is also a method for producing a
Zündkerze beschrieben. Das nachstehend offenbarte Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zur Herstellung der vorstehend beschriebenen Zündkerze. Das Verfahren ist durch eine Kombination von Standardprozessen sehr leicht ohne hohen technischen Aufwand und damit kostengünstig umsetzbar. Das Verfahren umfasst als ersten Schritt ein Einbringen einer Mittelelektrode in einen Hohlraum des keramischen Isolators, so dass der Mittelelektrodenkopf auf einer im Spark plug described. The method disclosed below is particularly suitable for producing the spark plug described above. The process is by a combination of standard processes very easily without high technical complexity and thus cost feasible. The method comprises, as a first step, inserting a center electrode into a cavity of the ceramic insulator, so that the center electrode head is placed on one in the cavity
Hohlraum des keramischen Isolators gebildeten Schulter zu liegen kommt. Ein Durchmesser des Mittelelektrodenkopfes ist hierzu insbesondere größer als ein brennraumzugewandter Abschnitt der Mitteleelektrode, der unterhalb der im Isolator ausgebildeten Schulter angeordnet ist. Als ein weiterer Schritt wird einCavity of the ceramic insulator formed shoulder comes to rest. A diameter of the central electrode head is for this purpose in particular larger than a combustion chamber facing portion of the central electrode, which is arranged below the shoulder formed in the insulator. As a further step becomes one
Verpressen der Mittelelektrode mit dem keramischen Isolator ausgeführt. Pressing the center electrode performed with the ceramic insulator.
Dadurch wird erzielt, dass der Brennraum der Zündkerze gasdicht gegenüber den Bereichen außerhalb des Brennraums abgedichtet wird. Zudem wird so der Mittelelektrodenkopf in direkten Kontakt mit dem keramischen Isolator gebracht, so dass in einem weiteren Schritt ein wärmeleitender Kontaktbereich zwischen einem Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes und dem keramischen Isolator gebildet wird. Durch das Verfahren kann auf technisch einfache Weise eine Zündkerze mit hohem Wärmeableitvermögen von der Mittelelektrode auf den keramischen Isolator und weiter auf einen üblicherweise gekühlten Zylinderkopf, hergestellt werden. Das Verfahren ist damit ohne großen Aufwand kostengünstig umsetzbar. Die so hergestellte Zündkerze zeichnet sich durch eine gute thermische Stabilität, eine niedrige Verschleißrate der Mittelelektrode und damit eine hohe Haltbarkeit aus. It is thereby achieved that the combustion chamber of the spark plug is sealed gas-tight against the areas outside the combustion chamber. In addition, so the center electrode head is brought into direct contact with the ceramic insulator, so that in a further step, a heat-conductive contact area between an outer periphery of the central electrode head and the ceramic insulator is formed. By the method can be produced in a technically simple manner, a spark plug with high heat dissipation from the center electrode on the ceramic insulator and further on a usually cooled cylinder head. The method is thus inexpensive to implement without much effort. The spark plug thus produced is characterized by a good thermal stability, a low wear rate of the center electrode and thus a high durability.
Die für die erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze beschriebenen Vorteile, vorteilhaften Effekte und Weiterbildungen finden auch Anwendung auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung der Zündkerze. The advantages, advantageous effects and developments described for the spark plug according to the invention are also applicable to the method according to the invention for producing the spark plug.
Technisch mit geringem Aufwand wird das Verpressen vorteilhafterweise mit einem Stempel ausgeführt. Der Stempel hat dabei vorzugsweise eine Form, die der Negativform des zu verpressenden Mittelelektrodenkopfes entspricht, so dass eine gleichförmige Kraftübertragung zur zentrierenden Anordnung und Befestigung der Mittelelektrode im keramischen Isolator ausgeübt werden kann. Technically with little effort, the pressing is advantageously carried out with a stamp. The punch preferably has a shape that corresponds to the negative shape of the center electrode head to be pressed, so that a uniform force transmission for centering arrangement and attachment of the center electrode in the ceramic insulator can be exercised.
Weiter vorteilhaft umfasst das Verfahren den Schritt des Einbringens eines elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungelements in den Hohlraum des keramischen Isolators, so dass der Mittelelektrodenkopf mit dem elektrischen Further advantageously, the method comprises the step of introducing an electrically conductive connection element in the cavity of the ceramic insulator, so that the central electrode head with the electrical
Anschlussbereich der Zündkerze elektrisch leitend verbunden wird. Connection region of the spark plug is electrically connected.
Vorteilhaft erfolgt im Anschluss daran ein Aufschmelzen des elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungselements, z.B. in einem Ofen, wodurch die wärmeleitende Advantageously, a subsequent melting of the electrically conductive connecting element, e.g. in an oven, eliminating the heat-conducting
Anordnung und Befestigung des Mittelelektrodenkopfes dauerhaft fixiert werden. Arrangement and attachment of the central electrode head are permanently fixed.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitende Zeichnung im Detail beschrieben. In der Zeichnung ist: Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing is:
Figur 1 eine Teilschnittansicht einer Zündkerze gemäß einer Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a spark plug according to a
vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung und  advantageous development of the invention and
Figur 2 eine Schnittansicht eines Abschnitts der Zündkerze aus Figur 1 . FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of the spark plug of FIG. 1.
Ausführungsform der Erfindung Embodiment of the invention
Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, umfasst die Zündkerze 1 eine Masseelektrode 2 und eine Mittelelektrode 3. Ein keramischer Isolator 7 ist derart vorgesehen, dass die Mittelelektrode 3 in bekannter Weise etwas vom Isolator 7 vorsteht. Die Mittelelektrode 3 ist aus einem Material gefertigt, kann aber auch eine Kern- Mantel Struktur aufweisen, beispielsweise einen Mantel aus nickelhaltigem Material und einen Kern aus kupferhaltigem Material, was einen As can be seen from FIG. 1, the spark plug 1 comprises a ground electrode 2 and a center electrode 3. A ceramic insulator 7 is provided such that the center electrode 3 protrudes slightly from the insulator 7 in a known manner. The center electrode 3 is made of a material, but can also be a core Sheath structure, for example, a jacket made of nickel-containing material and a core of copper-containing material, a
Wärmeabtransport vom brennraumzugewandten Mittelelektrodenfuß auf den Isolator 7 verbessert. Zudem kann brennraumseitig ein Edelmetallstift zur Erzeugung eines Funkenplasmas vorgesehen sein. Heat removal from the combustion chamber facing Mittelelektrodenfuß on the insulator 7 improved. In addition, a noble metal pin for generating a spark plasma can be provided on the combustion chamber side.
Der Isolator 7 selbst ist teilweise von einem Gehäuse 6 umgeben. Das The insulator 7 itself is partially surrounded by a housing 6. The
Bezugszeichen 13 bezeichnet einen elektrischen Anschlussbereich der Reference numeral 13 denotes an electrical connection portion of
Zündkerze 1 . Von dem elektrischen Anschlussbereich 13 ist eine elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung über einen Anschlussbolzen und ein z.B. aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Glas hergestelltes Verbindungselement 8 zur Spark plug 1. From the electrical connection region 13 is an electrically conductive connection via a connecting bolt and a e.g. made of an electrically conductive glass connecting element 8 to
Mittelelektrode 3 vorgesehen. Center electrode 3 is provided.
Die Mittelelektrode 3 weist einen in Richtung des elektrisch leitfähigen The center electrode 3 has one in the direction of the electrically conductive
Verbindungselements 8 angeordneten Mittelelektrodenkopf 5 auf. Hierbei steht eine Stirnseite 10 des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 mit dem elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungselement 8 in Kontakt. Connecting element 8 arranged center electrode head 5. In this case, an end face 10 of the central electrode head 5 is in contact with the electrically conductive connecting element 8.
Ein Durchmesser des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 ist größer als ein Durchmesser eines brennraumzugewandten Mittelelektrodenabschnitts 4. Hierbei ist in einemA diameter of the central electrode head 5 is larger than a diameter of a combustion chamber-facing center electrode section 4. Here, in one
Übergangsbereich zwischen Mittelelektrodenkopf 5 und dem Transition region between central electrode head 5 and the
brennraumzugewandten Mittelelektrodenabschnitt 4 am Mittelelektrodenkopf 5 eine Schulter 12 ausgebildet, die auf einem entsprechend ausgebildeten combustion chamber-facing center electrode section 4 at the central electrode head 5, a shoulder 12 is formed on a correspondingly formed
Abschnitt des Isolators 7 zu liegen kommt. Section of the insulator 7 comes to rest.
Ein Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 steht in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit dem keramischen Isolator 7, so dass zwischen dem Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 und dem keramischen Isolator 7 ein wärmeleitender Kontaktbereich 9 ausgebildet ist. An outer periphery of the center electrode head 5 is in heat-conductive contact with the ceramic insulator 7, so that between the outer periphery of the central electrode head 5 and the ceramic insulator 7, a heat-conductive contact region 9 is formed.
Der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich 9 ist in Figur 2 näher dargestellt. Gemäß der hier gezeigten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung bildet der gesamte Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 mit dem keramischen Isolator 7 einen wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich 9. Mit anderen Worten steht der gesamte Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 inklusive seiner Schulter 12 in direktem Kontakt mit demThe heat-conducting contact region 9 is shown in more detail in FIG. According to the advantageous development shown here, the entire outer circumference of the central electrode head 5 with the ceramic insulator 7 forms a heat-conducting contact region 9. In other words, the entire outer circumference of the central electrode head 5 including its shoulder 12 is in direct contact with the
Isolator 7, so dass zwischen diesen Bauteilen weder ein Luftspalt, noch, wie bei herkömmlichen Zündkerzen, ein elektrisch leitfähiges Verbindungselement 8 vorgesehen ist. Insulator 7, so that between these components neither an air gap, nor, as at conventional spark plugs, an electrically conductive connecting element 8 is provided.
Hierzu ist insbesondere zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf 5 und dem Isolator 7 eine Pressverbindung ausgebildet. Dadurch wird auch eine Gasdichtheit des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs 9 zwischen Mittelelektrodenkopf 5 und Isolator 7 verbessert. For this purpose, in particular between the central electrode head 5 and the insulator 7, a press connection is formed. As a result, gas-tightness of the heat-conducting contact region 9 between the central electrode head 5 and the insulator 7 is also improved.
Der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich 9 hat in Axialrichtung X-X der Zündkerze 1 vorteilhafterweise eine Länge L von mindestens 1 mm, insbesondere von 1 ,5 bisThe heat-conductive contact region 9 in the axial direction X-X of the spark plug 1 advantageously has a length L of at least 1 mm, in particular from 1, 5 to
4,5 mm, da so eine besonders große Wärmeaustauschfläche zwischen 4.5 mm, because so a particularly large heat exchange surface between
Mitteleelektrodenkopf 5 und Isolator 7 bereitgestellt werden kann. Central electrode head 5 and insulator 7 can be provided.
Weiter vorteilhaft beträgt ein Durchmesser D des Mittelelektrodenkopfes 5 am wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich 9 mindestens 2 mm, insbesondere 2 bis 4 mm und ein Verhältnis L/D der Länge L des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs 9 zum Durchmesser D des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs 9 ist mindestens 0,75. Durch Variation des Verhältnisses L/D kann in Abhängigkeit der Dimensionierung der Zündkerze 1 der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich 9 auf eine maximale Größe vergrößert werden. Further advantageously, a diameter D of the central electrode head 5 at the heat-conducting contact region 9 is at least 2 mm, in particular 2 to 4 mm, and a ratio L / D of the length L of the heat-conducting contact region 9 to the diameter D of the heat-conducting contact region 9 is at least 0.75. By varying the ratio L / D, depending on the dimensioning of the spark plug 1, the heat-conducting contact region 9 can be increased to a maximum size.
Der Mittelelektrodenkopf 5 weist in Richtung seiner Stirnseite 10 einen becherartigen Bereich 1 1 , und damit einen in Richtung des elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungselements 8 ausgerichteten konkaven Bereich, auf. Hierdurch wird bei reduziertem Mittelelektrodenkopfvolumen ein besonders großer The center electrode head 5 has in the direction of its end face 10 a cup-like region 1 1, and thus a aligned in the direction of the electrically conductive connecting element 8 concave area on. As a result, with a reduced center electrode head volume, a particularly large
wärmeleitender Kontaktbereich 9 bei sehr guter Kontaktierung des elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungselements 8 erhalten. Die Mittelelektrode 3 ist somit zudem formschlüssig in den Isolator und das elektrisch leitfähige thermally conductive contact region 9 is obtained with very good contact of the electrically conductive connecting element 8. The center electrode 3 is thus also positively in the insulator and the electrically conductive
Verbindungselement 8 eingepasst, wodurch die Mittelelektrode 3 im keramischen Isolator 7 zentrierend stabilisiert wird. Fastened connection element 8, whereby the center electrode 3 is stabilized centering in the ceramic insulator 7.

Claims

Zündkerze umfassend  Including spark plug
- eine Masseelektrode (2),  a ground electrode (2),
- eine Mittelelektrode (3) und  - A center electrode (3) and
- einen keramischen Isolator (7), der zur Aufnahme der Mittelelektrode (3) eingerichtet ist,  a ceramic insulator (7) adapted to receive the center electrode (3),
- wobei die Mittelelektrode (3) einen in Richtung eines elektrischen  - Wherein the center electrode (3) one in the direction of an electric
Anschlussbereichs (13) der Zündkerze (1 ) liegenden Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) umfasst, der eine Stirnseite (10) aufweist, die mit einem zwischen dem elektrischen Anschlussbereich (13) und dem Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) angeordneten elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungselement (8) in Kontakt steht und  Connecting region (13) of the spark plug (1) lying central electrode head (5) which has an end face (10) which is in contact with a between the electrical connection region (13) and the central electrode head (5) arranged electrically conductive connecting element (8) and
- wobei der Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) an seinem Außenumfang mindestens abschnittsweise mit dem keramischen Isolator (7) in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht und einen wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich (9) bildet.  - Wherein the central electrode head (5) is at least partially in heat-conducting contact with the ceramic insulator (7) on its outer circumference and forms a heat-conducting contact region (9).
Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gesamte Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes (5) mit dem keramischen Isolator (7) einen wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich (9) bildet. Spark plug according to Claim 1, characterized in that the entire outer circumference of the central electrode head (5) forms a heat-conducting contact region (9) with the ceramic insulator (7).
Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes (5) in direktem Kontakt mit dem Isolator (7) steht. Spark plug according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer periphery of the central electrode head (5) is in direct contact with the insulator (7).
Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) und dem Isolator (7) eine Pressverbindung ausgebildet ist. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a press connection is formed between the central electrode head (5) and the insulator (7).
5. Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 5. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich (9) zwischen Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) und Isolator (7) gasdicht ausgebildet ist. Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wärmeleitende Kontaktbereich (9) in characterized in that the heat-conducting contact region (9) between the central electrode head (5) and insulator (7) is gas-tight. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-conducting contact region (9) in
Axialrichtung (X-X) der Zündkerze (1 ) eine Länge (L) von mindestens 1 mm, vorzugsweise von 1 ,5 bis 4,5 mm, hat.  Axial direction (X-X) of the spark plug (1) has a length (L) of at least 1 mm, preferably from 1, 5 to 4.5 mm.
Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Durchmesser (D) des Mittelelektrodenkopfes (5) am wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereich (9) mindestens 2 mm, insbesondere 2 bis 4 mm, beträgt. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diameter (D) of the central electrode head (5) at the heat-conducting contact region (9) is at least 2 mm, in particular 2 to 4 mm.
Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verhältnis L/D der Länge (L) des wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs (9) zum Durchmesser (D) des wärmeleitenden Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ratio L / D of the length (L) of the heat-conducting contact region (9) to the diameter (D) of the heat-conducting
Kontaktbereichs (9) mindestens 0,75 beträgt.  Contact area (9) is at least 0.75.
Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Durchmesser des Mittelelektrodenkopfes (5) größer ist als ein brennraumzugewandter Mittelelektrodenabschnitt (4), wobei in einem Übergangsbereich zwischen Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) und brennraumzugewandtem Mittelelektrodenabschnitt (4) eine Schulter (12) ausgebildet ist, die in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit dem keramischen Isolator (7) steht. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diameter of the central electrode head (5) is greater than a central combustion chamber facing the central electrode portion (4), wherein in a transition region between the central electrode head (5) and central chamber electrode portion (4) facing the combustion chamber, a shoulder (12) is formed which is in heat-conductive contact with the ceramic insulator (7).
10. Zündkerze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 10. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) an der Stirnseite (10) einen becherartigen Bereich (1 1 ) aufweist.  in that the central electrode head (5) has a cup-like region (11) on the end face (10).
1 1 . Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze (1 ) nach einem der 1 1. Method for producing a spark plug (1) according to one of
vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend die Schritte:  preceding claims, comprising the steps:
- Einbringen der Mittelelektrode (3) in einen Hohlraum eines keramischen - Introducing the center electrode (3) in a cavity of a ceramic
Isolators (7), so dass der Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) auf einer im Hohlraum des keramischen Isolators (7) gebildeten Schulter zu liegen kommt,Insulator (7) so that the center electrode head (5) comes to lie on a shoulder formed in the cavity of the ceramic insulator (7),
- Verpressen der Mittelelektrode (3) mit dem keramischen Isolator (7) und- Pressing the center electrode (3) with the ceramic insulator (7) and
- Bilden eines wärmeleitenden Kontaktbereichs (9) zwischen einem - Forming a heat-conducting contact area (9) between a
Außenumfang des Mittelelektrodenkopfes (5) und dem keramischen Outer circumference of the central electrode head (5) and the ceramic
Isolator (7). Insulator (7).
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verpressen mit einem Stempel ausgeführt wird. 12. The method according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the pressing is carried out with a stamp.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 1 oder 12, ferner umfassend den Schritt des Einbringens eines elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindungselements13. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 or 12, further comprising the step of introducing an electrically conductive connecting element
(8) in den Hohlraum des keramischen Isolators (7), so dass der (8) into the cavity of the ceramic insulator (7), so that the
Mittelelektrodenkopf (5) mit dem elektrischen Anschlussbereich (13) der Zündkerze (1 ) elektrisch leitend verbunden wird.  Center electrode head (5) with the electrical connection portion (13) of the spark plug (1) is electrically connected.
EP15763919.6A 2014-11-20 2015-09-16 Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug Active EP3221936B1 (en)

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DE102014223746.7A DE102014223746A1 (en) 2014-11-20 2014-11-20 Spark plug and method of making a spark plug
PCT/EP2015/071187 WO2016078795A1 (en) 2014-11-20 2015-09-16 Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug

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EP (1) EP3221936B1 (en)
CN (1) CN107078468B (en)
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DE1514474C3 (en) * 1965-06-05 1981-04-30 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Semiconductor component
JPS48103445A (en) * 1972-04-14 1973-12-25
JPH03225785A (en) * 1990-01-30 1991-10-04 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Spark plug for internal combustion engine
JPH0414725A (en) * 1990-05-07 1992-01-20 Nec Corp Mercury switch
US5159233A (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-10-27 Sponseller Harold P Spark plug and method for assembling a spark plug
US6533629B1 (en) * 1999-07-13 2003-03-18 Alliedsignal Inc. Spark plug including a wear-resistant electrode tip made from a co-extruded composite material, and method of making same
US7019448B2 (en) * 2003-11-05 2006-03-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Spark plug having a multi-tiered center wire assembly
US7365480B2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2008-04-29 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Spark plug
JP4672732B2 (en) * 2006-03-14 2011-04-20 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug manufacturing method and spark plug
JP4922980B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2012-04-25 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug
US7944135B2 (en) * 2008-08-29 2011-05-17 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Spark plug and methods of construction thereof
JP2010267425A (en) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-25 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Spark plug
CN201629492U (en) * 2010-03-22 2010-11-10 申阳德 Fire-ejecting combustion type spark plug of gasoline engine
JP5140718B2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2013-02-13 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Plasma jet ignition plug
JP5414896B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2014-02-12 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug
US20140345552A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2014-11-27 Hiromitsu Ando Spark plug and internal combustion engine

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CN107078468B (en) 2020-08-11
US20170338629A1 (en) 2017-11-23
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US9979161B2 (en) 2018-05-22
EP3221936B1 (en) 2020-12-16
WO2016078795A1 (en) 2016-05-26

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