EP3209707A1

EP3209707A1 - Mono- and bisalkylene trialkoxysilanes as dispersants for hydraulic binders

Info

Publication number: EP3209707A1
Application number: EP15784296.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Ernst; Achim Fessenbecker
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2014-10-22
Filing date: 2015-10-08
Publication date: 2017-08-30
Also published as: KR20170076730A; TW201615648A; US20170355642A1; WO2016062552A1; CN107108358A; JP2017533313A

Abstract

The invention relates to mono- and bisalkylene trialkoxysilanes of general formula (I), wherein –Y– stands for –O– or –N(R⁹)_2-a–; each –Z– is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of –O– and –CHR^4b–; a stands for 1 if –Y– equals –O– and for 1 or 2 if –Y– equals –N(R⁹)_2-a–; m is a natural number from 1 to 20; n is a natural number from 7 to 200; each R¹ is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl; and R², R³, R^4a, R^4b, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ each stand independently for H, suitable linear or branched C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or possibly C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl, C₁-C₂₀ alkanoyl, C₃-C₂₀ alkenoyl, ω-carboxy-(C₁-C₆ alkyl)carbonyl, and ω-carboxy-(C₂-C₆ alkenyl)carbonyl and/or C₇-C₂₀ aryloyl. The invention further relates to methods for producing said mono- and bisalkylene trialkoxysilanes, the to use of said mono- and bisalkylene trialkoxysilanes as dispersants in aqueous suspensions of gravels and of hydraulic binders, and to said aqueous suspensions as such.

Description

The present invention relates to mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes as such and to a process for their preparation and to their use as dispersants in aqueous suspensions of aggregates and hydraulic binders. The invention also relates to the aqueous suspensions as such. Aqueous suspensions of an aggregate and a hydraulic binder are often added adjuvants in the form of dispersants to influence their chemical and / or physical properties. This serves, in particular, to prevent the formation of solid agglomerates and to disperse the particles already present and newly formed by hydration so as to suppress the sedimentation tendency and the processability, such as kneadability, spreadability, sprayability, pumpability or flowability, to improve. This effect is also specifically exploited in the production of building material mixtures containing hydraulic binders such as cement, plaster and brick binder or hydraulic lime. In order to convert these building material mixtures containing hydraulic binders into a ready-to-use, processable form, substantially more water is usually required for mixing than would be necessary for the subsequent hydration or hardening process. However, the excess, later evaporating water can lead to the formation of voids in the concrete body, which significantly impair its mechanical strength and durability.

Because of this, in order to reduce the excess amount of water at a given processing consistency and / or to improve processability at a given ratio of water to hydraulic binder, particular adjuvants are often used, which are generally referred to as diluents, water reducers or flow agents. Conventionally used flow agents are, for example, sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates (SMF), sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates (SNF) or lignosulfonates. The new-generation superplasticizers / water-reducing agents are polycarboxylate esters and ethers. These generally consist of a main chain based on poly (meth) acrylate and a plurality of side chains attached via ester groups, and are often referred to as comb polymers. While the backbone is negatively charged at alkaline pHs due to the numerous carboxylate groups, the side chains, such as polyethylene glycol side chains, usually have no charge. Due to the negatively charged main chain, the polycarboxylate esters or ethers are adsorbed on charged particle surfaces, where they form a more or less dense polymer layer. The amount of adsorbed polymer and the type of side chain of the polymer determine the density and thickness of the polymer. lymerschicht, which in turn influences the flowability of the suspension. While the anionic charge of the polycarboxylate esters or ethers allows adsorption to the particles, the dispersing effect is decisively influenced by the steric interactions produced by the polyethylene glycol side chains. Effects on the dispersing effect have both length and density of the side chains.

EP 0 803 521 A1 discloses, for example, block copolymers comprising polyalkylene glycol and polyglyoxylate structural units and their use as cement dispersants. In addition, there are a number of other superplasticizer / water reducing agents which differ from the described polycarboxylate polymers in that they have no carboxylate groups. Instead, they have other acid groups, such as phosphonic acid groups, which are also negatively charged at high pHs, such as the carboxylate groups. No. 5,879,445 A discloses compounds which comprise at least one phosphonic aminoalkylene group and at least one polyoxyalkylated chain and their use as flow agents for aqueous suspensions of mineral particles and hydraulic binders.

EP 444 542 discloses polyethyleneimine phosphonate derivatives as flow agents / water reducers which allow the viscosity of deep well cement compositions to be lowered to such an extent that they are pumpable even in the presence of salts under turbulent flow conditions.

EP 1203046 B1 describes flow agents / water reducing agents with alkylene trialkoxysilane groups of the general formula

in which

R is independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl and styrene;

R ^{1 is} selected from H, Ci-Cis-alkyl, phenyl, benzyl and alkylsulfonate;

R ^{2 is} selected from H, Ci-C6-alkyl;

n is a number from 10 to 500 and

X is selected

A disadvantage is the complicated preparation of such dispersants via isocyanate reagents. Other manufacturing options are not disclosed. Although some good results are already achieved with the described dispersants, there is still a wide range of improvements. The dispersants described have, in part, a very good dilution effect, which makes it possible to reduce the water requirement in relation to the hydraulic binder at a fixed consistency. Often, however, this dilution effect is not associated with the desired degree with a reduction in viscosity, which noticeably affects the processability, such as, for example, the pumpability.

Although other dispersants can lower the viscosity of building material mixtures containing hydraulic binders, which allows an improvement of the flow properties and thus also of the processability. But they often have a less pronounced dilution effect and / or bring about undesirable side effects, such as a noticeable delay in setting, segregation of the mixture and bleeding of the mixing water. They are therefore particularly limited use, especially when a short setting time of the hydraulic binder is desired. In order to achieve the desired processability improvement, especially pumpability, these existing dispersants would have to be used in amounts at which such side effects would increase.

The object underlying the present invention is to provide a dispersant which is particularly suitable as a flow agent / water reducing agent in aqueous suspensions of aggregates and hydraulic binders, without the setting time of the hydraulic binder is greatly delayed.

It has been found that the use of mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) as dispersants for aqueous suspensions of aggregates and hydraulic binders can reduce the water requirement and ensures good processability of the aqueous suspension, without at the same time greatly increasing the setting time of the hydraulic binder delay.

The invention therefore relates to mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I)

(I) in which mean:

-Y- is -O- or -N (R ⁹ ) ₂ - _a -;

Each of Z is the same or different and selected from the group consisting of -O- and -CHR ^4b -;

a is 1 if -Y- = -0-; and 1 or 2, when -Y- = -N (R ⁹ ) 2- _a -;

m is a natural number from 1 to 20;

n is a natural number from 7 to 200;

Each R ¹ is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n -propyl, iso -propyl, n -butyl, iso -butyl, sec -butyl, tert -butyl and phenyl; R ² , R ³ , R ^4a and R ^4b are each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl; or

R ² forms together with R ^4a an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4a -, wherein the alkylene chain is selected from the group consisting of -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ - and -C (R ⁵ ) 2 -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -, and R ³ and R ^4b are each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl; or

R ² forms together with R ^4b an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4b -, wherein the alkylene chain is selected from the group consisting of -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ - and -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -, and R ³ and R ^4a are each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl;

Each R ⁵ is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched C 1 -C 6 -alkyl;

Each R ⁶ is the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and ethyl;

R ⁷ is selected from the group consisting of linear or branched _{Ci-C2o-alkyl,} Ci-C ₂₀ alkanoyl, and C ₇ -C ₂₀ -Aryloyl;

R ⁸ and R ⁹ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, linear or branched _{Ci-C2o-alkyl,} C ₂ -C ₂ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₂ o-alkynyl, Ci- C ₂ o -alkanoyl, C ₃ -C ₂ o-alkenoyl, and (jo-carboxy- (C ₁ -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl and salts thereof, (C ₁ -C 4 -carboxy- (C ₂ -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyl and salts thereof, and C7-C ₂ o-aryloyl.

The mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) do not necessarily have anionic groups, as do the dispersants known from the prior art. They may presumably be bound covalently to silicate phases of solid particles of the hydraulic binder under the basic conditions prevailing in the aqueous suspension. The trialkoxysilane group presumably acts as an anchor in order to fix the polyoxyalkylene chain to the particle surface.

As a result of the fact that the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) can be charge-neutral, and this probably also remains after a presumed basic hydrolysis and the formation of covalent bonds to the silicate phases of particles to be dispersed the setting time of the hydraulic binder significantly less affected than is the case with the mostly multiply negatively charged flow agents of the prior art. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "flow agent" is to be understood as meaning an additive which leads to the improvement of the processability and, if appropriate, to the reduction in the water requirement in the production of aqueous, hydraulic binder-containing Sus pensions.

In the context of the present invention, the term "C 1 -C 6 -alkyl" encompasses both the acyclic hydrocarbon groups methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl , n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2- Methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl , 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 2-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 2-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, as well as the cyclic hydrocarbon groups cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl , 1-methylcyclobutyl, 2-methylcyclobutyl, 3-methylcyclo-butyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylcyclopentyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, 1, 2-dimethylcyclobutyl, 1, 3-dimethylcyclobutyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl, 2,3 Dimethylcyclobutyl and 3, 3-dimethylcyclobutyl.

Accordingly, the term "C 1 -C 10 -alkyl" encompasses all saturated, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, meaning that in addition to the hydrocarbon groups listed above with reference to "C 1 -C 6 -alkyl", n-heptyl, 5-methylhexyl, 2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl, n-octyl, 5-methylheptyl, 4,4-dimethylhexyl, 3-ethylhexyl, 2-ethyl-3-methylpentyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, cyclodecyl and decalinyl. The same applies to the expression "C 1 -C 20 -alkyl" which, in addition to the hydrocarbon groups mentioned in connection with the term "C 1 -C 10 -alkyl", also especially n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl , n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosanyl. The term "C 2 -C 20 alkenyl" in the context of the present invention refers to cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which contain one or more olefin groups The term "C 2 -C 20 alkenyl" includes, in addition to the acyclic groups Hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (acyclic "C 2 -C 6 alkenyl") vinyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl (allyl), methallyl, 1-methylallyl, homoallyl, but-2-enyl, pent -1-enyl, pent-2-enyl, pent-3-enyl, 1-methylbut-1-enyl, 2-methylbut-1-enyl, 3-methylbut-1-enyl, 1 -

Methylbut-2-enyl, 2-methylbut-2-enyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, 1-methylbut-3-enyl, 2-methylbut-3-enyl, 3-methylbut-3-enyl, 1 - Ethyl-prop-1-enyl, 1-ethyl-prop-2-enyl, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hexane

3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, hex-5-enyl, 1-methylpent-1-enyl, 2-methylpent-1-enyl, 3-methylpent-1-enyl,

4-methylpent-1-enyl, 1-methylpent-2-enyl, 2-methylpent-2-enyl, 3-methylpent-2-enyl, 4-methylpent-2-enyl, 1-methylpent-3-enyl, 2- Methyl pent-3-enyl, 3-methylpent-3-enyl, 4-

Methylpent-3-enyl, 1-methylpent-4-enyl, 2-methylpent-4-enyl, 3-methylpent-4-enyl, 4-methylpent-4-enyl, 1, 2-dimethylbut-1-enyl, 1, 3-Dimethylbut-1-enyl, 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enyl, 1, 1-dimethylbut-2-enyl, 1, 2-dimethylbut-2-enyl, 1, 3-dimethylbut-2-enyl, 2, 3-dimethylbut-2-enyl, 1, 1 - Dimethylbut-3-enyl, 1, 2-dimethylbut-3-enyl, 1, 3-dimethylbut-3-enyl, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enyl and 2,3-dimethylbut-3-enyl in particular also the acyclic hydrocarbon Groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecencyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl, octadecenyl, nonadecenyl and eicosenyl and the cyclic hydrocarbon groups cyclobut-1-enyl, cyclobutyl 2- enyl, cyclopent-1-enyl, cyclopent-2-enyl, cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohex-1-enyl, cyclohex-2-enyl, cyclohex-3-enyl and cyclodecenyl.

In the context of the present invention, the term "C 2 -C 20 -alkynyl" denotes hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds The term "C 2 -C 20 -alkynyl" in particular comprises ethynyl Prop-2-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl, pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl, 1-methyl-but 2-ynyl, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl, hex-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl, hex-5-ynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, nonynyl , Decynyl, undecynyl, dodecynyl, tridecinyl, tetradecynyl, pentadecynyl, hexadecynyl, heptadecynyl, octadecynyl, nonadecynyl and eicosinyl.

In the context of the present invention, the term "C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl" encompasses all cyclic or acyclic alkylcarbonyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular the term "C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl" encompasses formyl, ethanoyl (acetyl), propanoyl, butanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl, pentanoyl, 2-methylbutanoyl, 3-methylbutanoyl, 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl, cyclopentanoyl, hexanoyl, 2-methylpentanoyl, 3-methylpentanoyl, 4-methylpentanoyl, 2,2-dimethylbutanoyl, 2,3-dimethylbutanoyl, 3,3-dimethylbutanoyl, cyclohexanoyl, heptanoyl, 2-methylhexanoyl, 3-methylhexanoyl, 4-methylhexanoyl, 5-methylhexanoyl, 4,4-dimethylpentanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, Decanoyl, cyclodecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, heptadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, nonadecanoyl and eicosanoyl.

In the context of the present invention, the term "C 3 -C 20 -alkenoyl" denotes all alkenylcarbonyl groups having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms which contain one or more olefin groups The term "C 3 -C 20 -alkenoyl" comprises in particular acrylic, Methacryl, but-2-enoyl, but-3-enoyl, cyclobutenylcarbonyl, pent-2-enoyl, pent-3-enoyl, pent-4-enoyl, cyclopentenyl-carbonyl, hex-2-enoyl, hex-3 enoyl, hex-4-enoyl, hex-5-enoyl, cyclohexenylcarbonyl, heptenoyl, octenoyl, nonenoyl, decenoyl, cyclodecenoyl, undecenoyl, dodecenoyl, tridecenoyl, tetradecenoyl, pentadecenoyl, hexadecenoyl, heptadecenoyl, octadecenoyl, nonadecenoyl and eicosenoyl.

In the context of the present invention, the expression "u) -carboxy- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbamoyl" encompasses all carboxy-functional (COOH) -substituted acyclic alkylcarbonyl groups having a total of 3 to 8 carbon atoms The term "C 1 -C 6 -alkyl" in parentheses has the meaning already defined above. Examples of such ω-carboxy (Ci-C6-alkyl) carbonyls are 2-carboxy-ethanoyl (1-carboxy-methylcarbonyl), 3

Carboxy-propanoyl (2-carboxyethylcarbonyl), 4-carboxybutanoyl (3-carboxypropylcarbonyl) and 3-carboxy-2-methylpropanoyl (corresponding to 2-carboxy-1-methylethylcarbonyl). For the purposes of the present invention, "salts of (jo-carboxy- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl""ω-carboxy- (Ci-C6-alkyl) carbonyls to understand "in which the hydrogen of the carboxy functionality (COOH) by a metal, especially an alkali or alkaline earth metal (preferably Li, Na, K, [Mg] o, 5 or [Ca In the context of the present invention, the term "oo-carboxy- (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyl" encompasses all terminally carboxy-functional (COOH) -substituted acyclic alkenylcarbonyl groups with a total of 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The term "C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl" in parentheses has the meaning already defined above Examples of such oo-carboxy (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyls are 2-carboxy-ethenylcarbonyl and 3-carboxy-prop-1 - In the context of the present invention, "salts of (jo-carboxy- (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyl are to be understood as meaning (jo-carboxy- (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyls" in which the hydrogen is carboxy Functionality (COOH) by a metal, in particular an alkali or alkaline earth metal (preferably Li, Na, K, [Mg] o, 5 or [Ca] o, s) is replaced by the term "C7-C2o-aryloyl" In the context of the present invention, phenylcarbonyl and all phenylcarbonyl substructure-containing hydrocarbon groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms In particular, the term "C7-C20-aryloyl" includes phenylcarbonyl, 2-methylphenylcarbonyl, 3-methylphenylcarbonyl, 4-methylphenylcarbonyl, 2,3 Dimethylphenylcarbonyl, 2,4-dimethylphenylcarbonyl, 2,5-dimethylphenylcarbonyl, 2,4,6-trim ethylphenylcarbonyl, 1-naphthylcarbonyl, 2-naphthylcarbonyl, 9-anthrylcarbonyl and 9-phenanthrylcarbonyl.

Preferably, m in the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) is a natural number of 1 to 10, particularly preferably a natural number of 1 to 5 and very particularly preferably 1 to 3.

In the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formulas (I), n is preferably a natural number of from 1 to 150, more preferably a natural number of from 16 to 125, and most preferably a natural number of from 21 to 125.

Preferably, R ¹ in the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl and phenyl. More preferably, R ^{1 is} independently selected from methyl and ethyl. R ⁵ is preferably H.

R ⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and ethyl. In this case, H, methyl and ethyl, for example, can be arranged randomly distributed on the polyethylene oxide chain consisting of n alkylene oxide units or in the form of one or more blocks of identical R ^{6 in} each case. In the context of the present invention, a "block of identical R ⁶ " is to be understood as meaning a part of the polyethylene oxide chain consisting of at least 2 directly adjacent alkylene oxide units, in which the alkylene oxide units have identical R ^6. Preferably, the one has n alkylene oxide units consist- de polyethylene oxide chain several blocks each identical R ^6th More preferably, R ^{6 is} independently selected from H and methyl. Very particular preference is R ⁶ = H.

Preferably, R ⁷ in the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and acetyl (C (= O) Me). Particularly preferred are H and methyl. Most preferably, R ⁷ = methyl.

R ⁸ in the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) is preferably selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl, C 7 -C 20 -arylyloxy, carboxy- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl and carboxy ( C2-C6 alkenyl) carbonyl.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, R ⁸ is H. Mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of this particular embodiment fall under the formula (Ia)

(Ia) wherein Y, Z, a, m, n, R ¹ to R ⁷ and R ^{9 have} the meaning given above for mono- and Bisalkylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I).

In another specific embodiment, the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes have the formula (I-b),

(lb) wherein Y, Z, a, m, n, R ¹ to R ⁷ and R ^{9 have} the meaning given above for mono- and Bisalkylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I) and R ^{8 is} selected from the group consisting of carboxy - (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl and carboxy (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyl.

In one embodiment of the present invention, -Y- is in the mono- and Bisalkylentrial- koxysilanen general formula (I) is -N (R ⁹⁾ 2 _a - and a =. 2

In another embodiment of the present invention, -Y- in general formula (I) is -N (R ⁹⁾ ₂ - _a - and a is the first Preferably in this embodiment R ^{9 is} selected from the group consisting of linear or branched C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl, C 7 -C 20 -aryloyl, carboxy- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl and carboxy- (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyl. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, R ⁹ = R ⁸ and selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl, C 7 -C 20 -aryloyl, carboxy- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl and carboxy (C 2 -C 6) alkenyl) carbonyl.

In another embodiment of the present invention, -Y- in general formula (I) is -O-, and a is 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) are characterized in that -Z- is -O-. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, R ² , R ³ and R ^4a in the general formula (I) are preferably identical or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl. Mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of this preferred embodiment fall under the formula (Ic),

(lc) wherein Y, a, m, n, R ¹ and R ⁵ to R ^{9 have} the meaning given above for mono- and Bisalkylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I), and R ² , R ³ and R ^4a are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention in the general formula (I) -Z- is -O-, -Y- is -N (R ⁹⁾ 2 _a - and a =. 2

In a further very preferred embodiment in the general formula (I) -Z- is -O-, -Y- is -N (R ⁹⁾ ₂ - _a -, a = 1, and R ⁹ = R ^8, and R ⁸ R ⁹ is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl, C 7 -C 20 -aryloyl, carboxy- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) carbonyl and carboxy- (C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl) carbonyl.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) -Z- is -CHR ^4b -; and R ² together with R ^{4a form} an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4a -, where this alkylene chain is selected from the group consisting of -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ - and -C (R ⁵ ) 2-C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -, and R ³ and R ^4b are each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl; or R ² together with R ^{4b forms} an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4b -, where this alkylene chain is selected from the group consisting of -C (R ⁵ ) 2 and -C (R ⁵ ) 2 -C (R ⁵ ) 2-, and R ³ and R ^4a are the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl;

Particularly preferred mono- and bis-alkylene-alkoxysilanes of this embodiment have the formula (I-d1), (I-d2), (I-d3) or (I-d4),

wherein Y, a, m, n, R ¹ and R ⁵ to R ^{9 have} the meaning given above for mono- and Bisalkylentnalkoxysilane of the general formula (I), and R ³ , R ^4a and R ^{4b are} each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl.

Very particular preference is given to the mono- and bis-alkylene-alkoxysilanes of the formula (I-d1). In a variant of this very preferred embodiment, m = 2, and R ³ = R ^4a = R ⁵ = H.

Accordingly, the present invention also relates to mono- and bis-alkylene-2-alkoxysilanes of the formula (I-d11),

wherein Y, a, n, R ¹ and R ⁶ to R ^{9 have} the meaning given above for mono- and Bisalkylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I).

The mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) can be added diluted or undiluted at different stages of the preparation of aqueous suspensions, namely already in the preparation of the binder or only at the stage of making the binder with water. They may therefore be added, for example, during the grinding of cement before, together with or after the addition of grinding aids, early strength enhancers, other flow agents and water reducers, or alone. They can also be sprayed on components of or on ready-mixed dry mortar mixtures. They exert their effect at the time when the powdered mixtures or granules are contacted with water for use in the form of aqueous suspensions. The mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) are generally water-soluble or water-dispersible. They can be liquid or solid, often having a waxy consistency. It is advantageous to provide the mono- and / or Bisalkylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I) in the form of an aqueous solution in order to facilitate the dosage in the possible applications. This aqueous solution may contain other additives such as deaerators, defoamers, emulsifiers and the like. It is likewise possible to provide mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) as powder or else as powder which contains a carrier, for example silica or CaCO 3, or as flakes. Preference is given to providing the mono- and / or bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) in the form of an aqueous solution or as a powder.

The present application also relates to the use of mono- and / or bis-alkyltrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) as dispersants in aqueous suspensions of an aggregate and of a hydraulic binder. The aqueous suspension is generally a building material mixture, preferably concrete or mortar.

When mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) are used as dispersants for aqueous suspensions of an aggregate and a hydraulic binder, the alkylene trialkoxysilane presumably binds covalently to silicate phases of particles of the hydraulic binder. Accordingly, alkylene trialkoxysilane should, for example, bind to tricalcium silicate (alite) and / or dicalcium silicate (belite) phases of the clinker particles in the cement. Of course, it should also bind to silicate phases present in the selected aggregate. Mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) are therefore particularly suitable for hydraulic binders which have a SiO 2 content of at least 2% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hydraulic binder. Hydraulic binders are understood as meaning binders which, after mixing with Hardening water both in the air and under water, and after hardening remain firm and stable even under water.

The amount of mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I) used depends on the requirements imposed on the aqueous suspension. In general, the mono- and / or bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes are used in an amount of 0.005 to 5.0% by weight, based on the dry weight of the hydraulic binder, in the aqueous suspension. Preferably, the mono- and / or Bisalkylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I) in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0 wt .-%, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 1, 0 wt .-%, based on the dry weight of the hydraulic binder used.

The mono- and / or bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) may be added prior to the addition of the other components, simultaneously with one or more other components, or after the addition of the other components. The entire amount of mono- and / or Bisalkylentrialkoxysilanen can be added all at once or in portions.

Preferred hydraulic binders are selected from cement, hydraulic lime and geopolymeric silicate binder. Most preferably, the hydraulic binder is selected from cement and geopolymeric silicate binder. Most preferably, the hydraulic binder is selected from Portland cement, Portland metallurgical cement, Portland silicate cement, Portland pozzolana cement, Portland fly ash cement, Portland slate cement, Portland limestone cement, Portland composite cement, Blast-furnace cement, Pozzolana cement, Composite cement and mixtures thereof.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "aggregate" is understood to mean all types of aggregates which can be enclosed in hydraulic binders and have suitable stability in space.The aggregates can originate from natural deposits or arise from the recycling of building materials or as an industrial by-product Suitable aggregates include, for example, unbroken gravels and sand, crushed stone, chippings, crushed sands, rocks, blast furnace slag, clinker fracture, recycled concrete chippings, pumice, lava sand, lava kies, kieselguhr, expanded slate, expanded clay, ironworks, barite, magnetite, hematite, limonite and Scrap metal.

As the addition water for the aqueous suspension, for example, drinking water, groundwater and natural surface water (e.g., river, lake, spring) are suitable.

The present invention also relates to an aqueous suspension containing as dispersing agent the mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) and an aggregate and a hydraulic binder. The exact amount of hydraulic binder used in the aqueous suspension, as well as the ratio of water to hydraulic binder, are critically dependent on the requirements placed on the aqueous suspension and on the cured solid which forms therefrom. The same applies to the type of aggregate to be used, the group of grains to be used and the relative amount, in particular the relative amount to the hydraulic binder. The question of whether and, if so, which auxiliaries, auxiliaries and / or fibers are added, depends decisively on the specific requirements. The type and quantity of these components that are to be used for a specific application are specified, for example, in numerous DIN EN standards. For example, concrete and its individual components contain information in the following standards: DIN EN 206-1, DIN EN 197, DIN EN 12620, DIN EN 13139, DIN EN 13055-1, DIN EN 934-2, DIN EN 14889, DIN EN 1008. For mortar, the DIN EN 998-2 standard in particular specifies the type and quantity of the components to be used in each case for special applications. In general, the content of hydraulic binder is between 100 and 600 kg / m ³ , the content of aggregate between 1000 and 3000 kg / m ³ and the water content between 50 and 600 kg / m ³ , based on one m ³ of aqueous suspension. Typically, the ratio of water to hydraulic binder is 0.3 to 0.6. The amount of mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilane of the general formula (I) in the aqueous suspension is generally 0.005 to 5.0 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 2.0 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.01 to 1, 0 wt .-%, based on the dry weight of the hydraulic binder used. In the context of the present invention, "additives" within the meaning of the present invention are liquid, pulverulent or granulated substances which can be added to the suspension in small amounts, based on the dry mass of the hydraulic binder Suitable additives include setting accelerators, setting retardants, air entraining agents, sealants, foaming agents, defoamers, solidification accelerators, hardening accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, sedimentation reducers, other flow agents and water reducing agents, for example polycarboxylate ethers, betanaphthylsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates (US Pat. BNS), lignosulfonate, sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensate and mixtures thereof.

Optionally, additives and fibers may also be present in the aqueous suspension. "Additives" in the sense of the present invention are fine inorganic or organic substances which are used to purposefully improve properties, including virtually inactive additives such as minerals or pigments, as well as pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additives such as trass, fly ash, silica fume and "Slurry" in the sense of the present invention are steel fibers, polymer fibers and glass fibers of different sizes. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) with the steps:

(i) β-hydroxyalkylation of a polyether alcohol or polyetheramine of the general

mel (II), (N) wherein Y, n, R ⁶ and R ⁷ have the meaning given above, with one or more epoxy silanes of the general formula

in which Z, m, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^4a and R ^{5 have} the abovementioned meaning, with the formation of specific mono- and / or bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (Ia),

in which Y, Z, m, n, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ^{7 have} the abovementioned meaning, and (ii) optionally acylation or alkylation of i) formed hydroxy functionality and optionally the secondary amine function of the specific mono- and / or Bisal- kylentrialkoxysilane of the general formula (Ia) using an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid chlorides of the formula R ⁸ CI, carboxylic anhydrides of Formula (R ⁸ ) 20, wherein R ^{8 is} C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl, C 3 -C 20 -alkenoyl or C 7 -C 20 -aryloyl, cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides of the formula (IV-b1) and cyclic carboxylic anhydrides of the formula (IV-b2 )

(IV-b1) (IV-b2) or using an alkylating agent selected from the group consisting of R ⁸ X, wherein R ^{8 is} Ci-C ₂ o-alkyl, C ₂ -C ₂ o-alkenyl or C ₂ -C ₂ o-alkynyl and X is Cl, Br, I, OS (= O) ₂ CF ₃ (trifluoromethanesulfonate), OS (= O) ₂ CH ₃ (methanesulfonate) or toluene sulfonate. In the context of the present invention, the term "C 1 -C 6 -alkylene" encompasses the acyclic hydrocarbon units methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, 1-methylethylene, n-butylene, 1-methylpropylene, 2-methylpropylene, 1, 1-dimethylethylene, n-pentylene, 1-methylbutylene, 2-methylbutylene, 3-methylbutylene, 1, 1-dimethylpropylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, 1, 2-dimethylpropylene, 1-ethylpropylene, n-hexylene, 1-methylpentylene, 2- Methylpentylene, 3-methylpentylene, 4-methylpentylene, 1,1-dimethylbutylene, 1,2-dimethylbutylene, 1,3-dimethylbutylene, 2,2-

Dimethylbutylene, 2,3-dimethylbutylene, 3,3-dimethylbutylene, 1-ethylbutylene, 2-ethylbutylene, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-propylene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-propylene, 2-ethyl-1 - methylpropylene and 2-ethyl-2-methylpropylene. Similarly, the term "C ₂ -C 6 alkenylene" includes the acyclic hydrocarbon moieties of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms ethenylene, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-2-enylene, 1-methylprop-2 - enylene, but-3-enylene, but-2-enylene, pent-1-enylene, pent-2-enylene, pent-3-enylene, 1-methylbut-1-enylene, 2-methylbut-1-enylene, 3 Methylbut-1-enylene, 1-methylbut-2-enylene, 2-methylbut-2-enylene, 3-methylbut-2-enylene, 1-methylbut-3-enylene, 2-methylbut-3-enylene, 3 Methylbut-3-enylene, 1-ethylprop-1-enylene, 1-ethyl-prop-2-enylene, hex-1-enylene, hexane

2- enylene, hex-3-enylene, hex-4-enylene, hex-5-enylene, 1-methylpent-1-enylene, 2-methylpent-1-enylene, 3-methylpent-1-enylene, 4-methylpentene 1-enylene, 1-methylpent-2-enylene, 2-methylpent-2-enylene, 3-methylpent-2-enylene, 4-methylpent-2-enylene, 1-methylpent-3-enylene, 2-methylpent-3 enylene, 3-methylpent-3-enylene, 4-methylpent-3-enylene, 1-methylpent-4-enylene, 2-methylpent-4-enylene, 3-methylpent-4-enylene, 4-methylpent-4-enylene, 1, 2-dimethylbut-1-enylene, 1, 3-dimethylbut-1-enylene, 3, 3-dimethylbut-1-enylene, 1, 1-dimethylbut-2-enylene, 1, 2-dimethylbut-2 Enylene, 1, 3-dimethylbut-2-enylene, 2,3-dimethylbut-2-enylene, 1, 1-dimethylbut-3-enylene, 1, 2-dimethylbut-3-enylene, 1, 3-dimethylbut-3 enylene, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enylene and 2,3-dimethylbutene

3- enylene.

The present invention will be further described by the following examples, without limiting the invention. Examples

Example 1 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-a1)

^® Pluriol A 1020 E-amine:

50.0 g (50 mmol, M = 1000 g / mol) Pluriol ^® A 1020 E-amine (polyoxyethylene amine mixture having an average number of oxyethylene units of 22) are added to a pre-dried 100 mL three-necked flask in a nitrogen Atmosphere heated to 70 ° C. Then, 24.82 g (105 mmol, M = 236.34 g / mol) of glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are added with stirring and the reaction mixture is further stirred at 100 ° C. At intervals of 2 hours, the progress of the reaction by TLC (CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 is 1: 1; Rf (Pluriol A 1020 ^® E-amine) = 0.1, Rf (glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) = 0.74, Rf (intermediate with a silane headgroup) = 0.3, Rf (product) = 0.5). After 4 h ^® Pluriol A 1020 E-amine is completely reacted, and the reaction is terminated.

pH (5% in water): 7 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCI _3): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H, CH2-CH2-S1; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.2 ppm, broad s, 2H, OH; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 6H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.8 ppm, m, 94 H, O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O / CHOH; 3.5-3.6 ppm, m, 18H, S1-O-CH3.

Example 2 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltriethoxysilane of the Formula (I-a2)

(L-a2)

40.0 g (40 mmol, M = 1000 g / mol) ^® Pluriol A 1020 E-amine are placed in a pre-dried 100 mL three-neck flask and heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70 ° C. Then 23.4 g (82 mmol, M = 278.4 g / mol) of glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane are added with stirring and the reaction mixture is further stirred at 100.degree. At intervals of 2 hours, the progress of the reaction by TLC (CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 is 1: 1; Rf (Pluriol A 1020 ^® E-amine) = 0.1, Rf (glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) = 0.74, Rf (intermediate with a silane head group) = 0.3, Rf (product) = 0.5). After 8 h pluralization riol ^® A 1020 E-amine is completely reacted. H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1, 2 ppm, t, 18 H, Si-O-CH ₂ -CH ₃ ; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 6H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4- 3.6 ppm, m, 10 H, CH 2 -O; 3.6-3.7 ppm, m, 82H, O-CH2-CH2-O; 3.8 ppm, m, 14 H, S1-O-CH2-

Example 3 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-a3) 100.0 g (50 mmol, M = 2000 g / mol) Pluriol ^® A 2010 E-amine (polyoxyethylene amine mixture having an average number of oxyethylene units of 45) are added to a pre-dried 250 mL four-necked flask in a nitrogen Atmosphere heated to 70 ° C. Then 24.8 g (103 mmol, M = 236.3 g / mol) of glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are added with stirring and the reaction mixture is stirred for 8 h at 120 ° C and for a further 7 h at 140 ° C. At intervals of 3 h, the progress of the reaction by means of thin layer chromatography. After 15 h ^® Pluriol A 1020 E-amine is completely reacted.

(L-a3) H-NMR (500 MHz, CDC): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4H, CH2-CH2-S1; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.2 ppm, broad s, 2H, OH; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 6H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.8 ppm, m, 188 H, O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O and CHOH; 3.5-3.6 ppm, m, 18H, S1-O-CH3. Example 4 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-a4)

100.0 g (50 mmol, M = 2000 g / mol) Pluriol A 2010 ^® E-amine are placed in a pre-dried 250 mL four-necked flask and heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to 80 ° C. Then 0.05 g (2.5 mmol, M = 18 g / mol) of deionized water and, subsequently, 24.8 g (103 mmol, M = 236.3 g / mol) of glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are added with stirring. The reaction mixture is heated to 100 ° C and stirred for 1 h at this temperature. Then the temperature is raised to 140 ° C, stirred for 9 h at this temperature and added again 0.05 g of deionized water. After a further 2 h, the reaction is stopped.

(l-a4) H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H, CH 2 -CH 2 -Si; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.2 ppm, broad s, 2H, OH; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 6H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.9 ppm, m, 188 H, O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O and CHOH; 3.5-3.6 ppm, m, 18H, S1-O-CH3.

Example 5 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-a5)

50.0 g (50 mmol, M = 1000 g / mol) ^® Pluriol A 1020 E-amine are placed in a pre-dried 100 mL three-neck flask and heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to 80 ° C. Then, 12.4 g (52 mmol, M = 236.3 g / mol) of glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are added with stirring. The reaction mixture is heated to 140 ° C and stirred for 12 h at this temperature. Every 4 h, the progress of the reaction is monitored by thin-layer chromatography (CHCl ₃ / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). On the approach forms a skin. After 12 h, the reaction is stopped.

(l-a5) H-NMR (500 MHz, CDC): δ = 0.6-0.8 ppm, m, 2 H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1.60-1 .80 ppm, m, 2 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 4H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.9 ppm, m, 95 H, O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O and CHOH; 3.5-3.6 ppm, m, 18H, S1-O-CH3. Example 6 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-b1)

15.0 g (10.2 mmol, M = 1472.7 g / mol) of the obtained in Example 1 crude product of (polyoxyethylene) amino-bis-alkylene-trimethoxysilane of the formula (l-a1) are in a pre-dried Add 100 mL three-necked flask and heated in vacuo to 40 ° C. After 30 minutes no blistering is observed. Then 2.1 g (20.9 mmol, M = 98 g / mol) of maleic anhydride are added and the resulting reaction mixture is heated to 70 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred at this temperature. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography (CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). After 2 hours, the starting material is completely consumed and the reaction is terminated.

(1-b1) H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H, CH 2 -CH 2 -Si; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.2 ppm, broad s, 1H, OH; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 6H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.8 ppm, m, 94 H, O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O; 3.5-3.6 ppm, m, 18 H, Si-O-CH ₃ ; 4.2-4.4 ppm, m, 2H, CHOC (= 0); 6.2 ppm, d, 2H, CH-C (O) OH; 6.4 ppm, d, 2H, CH-C (= O) 0-C. Example 7 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltriethoxysilane of the Formula (I-b2)

25.0 g (16.1 mmol, M = 1556.8 g / mol) of the (polyoxyethylene) amino-bis-alkylene-triethoxysilane of the formula (I-a2) obtained from Example 2 are introduced into a predried 100 ml three-necked flask and heated in vacuo to 70 ° C. After the alkylene triethoxysilane of the formula (I-a2) has liquefied, 3.37 g (33.0 mmol, M = 100 g / mol) of succinic anhydride are added and the resulting reaction mixture is stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70.degree. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography

(CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). After 2 hours, the starting material is completely consumed and the reaction is terminated.

(L-b2)

(5% in water): 4-5 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1, 2 ppm, t, 18 H, Si-O-CH ₂ -CH ₃ ; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 2.55-2.65 ppm, m, 8H, CH2-CO2; 2.7-2.8 ppm, m, 6H, CH2-N; 3:35 ppm, s, 3H, 0-CH _3; 3.4-3.7 ppm, m, 94 H, CH2-O; 3.8 ppm, q, 12 H, Si-O-CH ₂ -CH ₃ ; 5.1 ppm, m, 2H CHOC (= 0); 8-9 ppm, broad s, 2H, COOH.

Example 8 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltriethoxysilane of the Formula (I-b6)

21.1 g (13.7 mmol, M = 1556.8 g / mol) of the (polyoxyethylene) amino-bis-alkyltriethoxysilane of the formula (I-a2) obtained in Example 2 are poured into a predried 100 ml of

Three-necked flask and heated to 70 ° C. After the alkylene triethoxysilane of the formula (I-a2) has liquefied, 2.8 g (28.0 mmol, M = 98 g / mol) of maleic anhydride are added and the resulting reaction mixture is stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70.degree. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography (CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). After 4 h, the starting material is completely consumed and the reaction is terminated.

(l-b6) 1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDC): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1, 2 ppm, t, 18 H, Si-O-CH ₂ -CH ₃ ; 1.65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4H, CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 2.3-2.8 ppm, m, 6H, CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4- 3.7 ppm, m, 90 H, CH 2 -O; 3.8 ppm, q, 12 H, Si-O-CH ₂ -CH ₃ ; 4.2-4.3, m, 2H, HCOC (= 0); 6.2d, CH-C (O) OH, 6.4, d, CH-C (= O) O-C; 10-1 1 ppm, broad s, 2 H, COOH. Example 9 Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-b3)

50.0 g (20.2 mmol, M = 2472.6 g / mol) of the (polyoxyethylene) amino-bis-alkylene-trimethoxysilane of the formula (I-a3) obtained from Example 3 are placed in a predried 250 ml four-necked flask and Heated to 80 ° C. After the alkylene trimethoxysilane of

Formula (l-a3), 4.25 g (41, 4 mmol, M = 100 g / mol) of succinic anhydride are added and the resulting reaction mixture is stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 80 ° C. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography

(CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). After 6 h, the starting material is completely consumed and the reaction is terminated.

(l-b3) H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4H CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1 .65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 14 H, CH ₂ -CO ₂ and CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.8 ppm, m, 206 H, O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O, Si-OCH ₃ ; 5.1 ppm, m, 2 H CHOC (O); 1 1 -12 ppm, broad s, 2 H, COOH.

Example 10 Synthesis of Inventive (polyoxyethylene) amino-bis-alkylene-trimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-b3) 50.0 g (20.2 mmol, M = 2472.6 g / mol) of the (polyoxyethylene) obtained from Example 4 Amino-bis-alkylene-trimethoxysilane of the formula (I-a4) are introduced into a predried 250 ml four-necked flask and heated to 80.degree. After the alkylene trimethoxysilane of the formula (I-a4) has liquefied, 4.25 g (41.4 mmol, M = 100 g / mol) of succinic anhydride are added and the resulting reaction mixture is stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 80.degree. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography (CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). After 6 h, the starting material is completely consumed and the reaction is terminated. H-NMR (500 MHz, CDC): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4H CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1 .65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 10 H, CH ₂ -CO ₂ and CH ₂ -N; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.8 ppm, m, 210 H, O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O, Si-OCHs and CH ₂ -N; 5.1 ppm, m, 2 H CHOC (O); 1 1 -12 ppm, broad s, 2 H, COOH.

Example 1 1: Synthesis of Inventive (Polyoxyethylene) Amino-bis-Alkyltrimethoxysilane of the Formula (I-b5)

29.03 g (23.5 mmol, M = 1236.3 g / mol) of the (polyoxyethylene) aminoalkylenetrimethoxysilane of the formula (I-a5) obtained from Example 5 are introduced into a previously dried 50 ml single-necked flask and Heated to 100 ° C. After the alkylene trimethoxysilane of the formula (I-a5) has liquefied, 4.7 g (47 mmol, M = 100 g / mol) of succinic anhydride are added and the resulting reaction mixture is stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 140 ° C. for 4 h. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography

(CHC / MeOH / water 88: 1 1: 1). After 4 h, the starting material is completely consumed and the reaction is terminated.

(l-b5) 1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ = 0.6-0.7 ppm, m, 4 H CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si; 1 .65-1 .75 ppm, m, 4 H, CH ₂ - CH ₂ -Si; 2.5-2.9 ppm, m, 8H, CH2-CO2; 3.35, s, 3H, O-CH ₃ ; 3.4-3.8 ppm, m, 100 H, O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O, Si-OCHs and CH ₂ -N; 5.1 ppm, m, 1 H CHOC (O); 1 1 -12 ppm, broad s, 2 H, COOH.

Comparative Example 1 Synthesis of Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) (V)

Sokalan PA 25 ^® XS: polyacrylic acid (M = 5000 g / mol)

In a flask Sokalan ^® PA 25 XS (3.0 equivalents; M = 5000 g / mol), Pluriol A 1020 E ^® (1, 0 equivalent, M = 1000 g / mol) are added, and catalytic amounts of methyl sulfonic acid. Then, at a pressure of 20 mbar and a temperature of 175 ° C as long as the liberated in the esterification condensation water is removed until Pluriol ^® A 1020 E is completely reacted by thin layer chromatography. Comparative Example 2 Synthesis of (polyoxyalkylene) trioxypropylene-amino-bis-methylene-phosphonic acid (VI)

The (polyoxyalkylene) trioxypropylenamino-bis-methylene phosphonic acid (VI)) is prepared according to FR 2696736, Example 1 b starting from Jeffamine ^® M 1000th

Application Examples 12 to 28: Determination of the Fresh Mortar Consistency First, a standardized mortar according to DIN EN 196-1 is produced from - 450 g of cement ("Heidelberger Zement" CEM I, 42.5 R),

1350 g of sand and

225 g of deionized water (taking into account the water added later with the eluant). The mortar components are mixed for 90 seconds, then with an aqueous mixture containing a flow agent (0.10 to 0.20 wt .-% based on the dry weight of the cement) and Degressal ^® SD 40 as a defoamer (7 wt .-% based on the dry weight of the corresponding flow agent) was added and mixed for another 60 s. The mortar thus prepared is poured into two layers in a truncated cone shape, wherein each layer of mortar with 10 slight shocks is distributed by plunger so that a uniform filling of the truncated cone shape is achieved. Thereafter, the protruding mortar is stripped flush. After 10 to 15 s, the setting funnel is slowly withdrawn vertically upwards and the mortar is spread by 15 strokes (one stroke per second). The diameter of the mortar cake is measured at two mutually perpendicular points. The mean of these two measurements is given as slump in Table 1.

After the measurement, the mortar is removed from the spreading table. The test is repeated after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes with the same mortar. In this way, certain spreading dimensions of mortar of different composition are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

^[1 i additive contains beside each 7 wt .-% of the defoamer Degressal ^® SD 40 Relative to the dry weight of the respective flow agent.

PI water cement value (w / c) = 0.50; Ratio of sand to cement = 3.0.

It can be seen from the values in Table 1 that the addition of the (polyoxyethylene) amino-bis-alkylene trialkoxysilanes according to the invention, silanes (1-1 a), (1-a2), (1-a4), (1-b1) , (l-b2), (l-b3), (l-b6), (l-a5), (l-b5) (Ex 13-20, 24, 25, 27 and 28) succeed in the mortar to liquefy to higher spreading dimensions.

Ex. 12 of Table 1 are shown for comparison, the slump dimensions of the same mortar without additional flow additive. As can be seen, the slump initially at about 17.7 cm and then already within 90 min back to 13.4 cm. Already the addition of only

0.10 wt .-%, based on the dry weight of the cement, of the invention Bissilane (l-a1), (l-a2) or (l-b1) (Ex 13, 15, 17) leads to an increase in the slump of about 3 to 5 cm. This can be further increased by increasing the amount of flux (see Ex. 14, 16, 18-20, 24, 25, 27 and 28). In comparison with the bisphosphonic acid VI (Example 26), a greater increase in the slump is achieved with the inventive flow agents at the same amount (see Ex. 14, 16, 18-20, 24, 25, 27, 28).

The polycarboxylate ether (PCE) V of the comparative example (Example 21) is approximately comparable to the flow agents according to the invention in the case of short test times with respect to the effect of liquefying the mortar on certain spreading dimensions. However, the effect decreases faster and can no longer be determined over 90 minutes.

Application Examples 29 to 45: Determination of Dynamic Viscosity

For proper use in addition to the liquefaction and the lowering of the viscosity of the fresh mortar plays an important role. The viscosity is a measure of the flowability and in the present context also a measure of the pumpability and processability of the fresh mortar. Lower viscosity values lead to a better processability, in particular to a better pumpability of the fresh mortar. In addition, the placement of the fresh mortar in forms is simplified.

The viscosity is measured on an Anton Paar Rheometer MCR 102. The mortar used for these measurements is manufactured according to DIN EN196-1, as described above. The measuring system uses a special cell for building materials (BMC-90). The stirrer ST59-2V-44.3 / 120 is used. 10 measurements are taken at a shear rate of 10 S ^"1. The measurement time of each measurement is 5 seconds Between the measurements, the system is allowed to stand for 595 seconds without stirring The values for the dynamic viscosity are shown in the table 2 shown.

Table 2

^[1 i additive contains beside each 7 wt .-% of the defoamer Degressal ^® SD 40 based on the dry weight of the respective flow agent.

PiWater cement value (w / c) = 0.50; Ratio of sand to cement = 3.0. Table 2 (continued)

Example: Dynamic viscosity of the mortar [mPa ^» s]

60 min 80 min 90 min 100 min 1 10 min 120 min 130 min 140 min 150 min

As can be seen from Table 2, the dynamic viscosity when using PEC (V) (Example 30) in the mortar rises sharply in a comparatively short time. This leads to a reduced flowability and, as a result, in particular to the fact that the time period during which the processing of the mortar is possible is significantly shortened.

The bis-silanes (1-a1), (1-a3), (1-a4) and (1-b1) to (1-b4) (Examples 34, 36 and 38 to 43) of the invention produce at least a certain amount in comparison to PEC (V) (Example 30) a significantly slower increase in dynamic viscosity. The viscosity values are in most cases below the values which are achieved by using the flow agent bisphosphonic acid (VI) (Example 29). Example 31 of Table 2 shows that at low dosages of bissilane no PCE can be saved. However, a small increase in the viscosity-reducing effect can be achieved by a small addition of bissilane to a normal-dose PCE (Example 32). This effect is limited in time. These results suggest that further extension of the desired effect can be achieved by increasing the dose of bissilane. Application Examples 46 to 55: Determination of Bending Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength

The mortar for the prism-shaped specimens is prepared according to DIN EN 196-1, as described above. However, with the difference that the additives are added directly to the cement with the water, even before the sand is added. For each value to be determined, three mortar prisms are produced to compensate for any measurement uncertainties.

The prismatic molds measuring 40 x 40 x 160 mm are mounted on a vibrating table. Then, the mortar is poured uniformly into the prism shapes and compacted by vibration over a period of 120 seconds (amplitude of vibration: 0.7 mm). Then the molds are stretched out and excess mortar is stripped flush. The molds are covered and stored for 24 hours until stripping at 20 ° C and a humidity of 90% in accordance with standards. The prepared mortar test specimen is then removed from the mold and stored at 20 ° C and 90% humidity until immediately before the start of the measurement.

First, three of the obtained mortar prisms are used to determine the bending tensile strength. Subsequently, the compressive strength is measured on the six prism halves resulting from the bending tensile strength determination.

The bending tensile strength is determined by means of a machine from the company Form + Test Prüfsysteme, type Mega 10-200-10DM1.

Table 3 shows the flexural strength values determined on the basis of mortar prisms (mean values of three measured values each).

Table 3

i ² i water cement value (w / c) = 0.50; Ratio of sand to cement = 3.0.

The determination of the compressive strength is carried out by means of a machine from the company Form + Test Prüfsysteme, type Mega 10-200-10DM 1. Table 4 shows the values determined by the prism halves for the compressive strength of the mortar produced (averages of six measured values each). Table 4

As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, both the bending tensile strength and the compressive strength of the hardened mortar by the use of the invention Bissilane ne, (l-a2), (l-b1) and (l-b2) (Table 3 , Examples 47 to 50, Table 4, Examples 52 to 55) positively influenced at the latest after 7 days (168 h), as the comparison with a mortar of the same composition, but without additional flow additive (Table 3, Example 46; Table 4, Example 51 ) shows. Application Examples 56 to 63: Measurement of Hydration Heat

The preparation of the mortar is carried out according to DIN EN 196-1, as described above in connection with the application examples 46 to 55. The additives are also added here already at the beginning of the mortar production with the water.

The freshly prepared mortar is placed in a container. In the container then a temperature sensor (K-type temperature sensor, B & B Thermo-Technik GmbH) is attached. A second container is filled with auxiliaries-free mortar and also added to a temperature probe. The containers are then sealed and placed in a suitable manner by arrival of bringing insulating plates (Basotect ^®) isolated. Then the temperature is measured for several hours (digital 4-channel thermometer, Voltcraft, PC Plus software, Voltcraft, K-type temperature sensor, B & B Thermo-Technik GmbH) and the time at which the maximum temperature is reached , The difference between the two times (delay time) is shown in Table 5 below. Table 5

^[1 i additive contains beside each 7 wt .-% of the defoamer Degressal ^® SD 40, Relative to the dry weight of the respective flow agent.

PI water cement value (w / c) = 0.50; Ratio of sand to cement = 3.0.

As is apparent from the delay times shown in Table 5, the silanes (I-a2), (I-a5), (I-b1), (I-b2), (I-b5), and (I-b6) of the present invention are retarded. (Examples 56 to 62) the early strength development of the mortar less than the flow agent according to the prior art, bisphosphonic acid (VI).

In summary, application examples 12 to 63 show that the mono- and bis-silanes (Ia) and (Ib) according to the invention are equally suitable for liquefying mortar at a fixed water / cement value as the polycarboxylate ethers frequently used for this purpose, such as PCE (V). In contrast to the use of Polycarboxylate- thern the viscosity of the mortar but when using the mono- and bis-silanes (la) and (lb) according to the invention increases by far not so fast, which improves the processability of the mortar and in particular prolongs the period in which Processing (pumping, installation, distribution) of mortar is possible.

Claims

claims

1 . Mono- and bis-alkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (I)

(I)

in which mean:

-Y- is -O- or -N (R ⁹ ) ₂ - _a -;

Each of Z is the same or different and selected from the group consisting of

-O- and -CHR ^4b -;

a is 1 if -Y- = -0-; and 1 or 2, when -Y- = -N (R ⁹ ) 2- _a -;

m is a natural number from 1 to 20;

n is a natural number from 7 to 200;

Each R ¹ is the same or different and selected from the group consisting of

Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and phenyl;

R ² , R ³ , R ^4a and R ^4b are each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl; or

R ² forms together with R ^4a an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4a -, wherein the alkylene chain is selected from the group consisting of -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ - and -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵⁾ ₂ - C (R ⁵⁾ ₂ -, and R ³ and R ^4b are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl; or R ² together with R ^{4b forms} an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4b -, where the alkylene chain is selected from the group consisting of -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ - and -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -, and R ³ and R ^4a are each the same or different and selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl;

Each R ⁶ is the same or different and selected from the group consisting of

H, methyl and ethyl;

R ⁷ is selected from the group consisting of linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl, Ci-C ₂₀ alkanoyl, and C ₇ -C ₂₀ -Aryloyl;

R ⁸ and R ⁹ are the same or different and are selected from the group consist- ing of H, linear or branched _{Ci-C2o-alkyl,} C ₂ -C ₂ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₂ o-alkynyl,

Ci-C ₂ o-alkanoyl, C3-C ₂ o-alkenoyl, and (jo-carboxy (Ci-C6-alkyl) carbonyl and salts thereof, oo-carboxy (C ₂ -C 6 alkenyl) carbonyl and salts thereof , as well as C7-C ₂ o-aryloyl. Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to claim 1, characterized in that -Z- = -O-, and R ² , R ³ , R ^{4a are} each the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that m = 3 and R ⁵ = H.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to claim 1, characterized in that -Z- is selected from -CHR ^4b -, and R ² together with R ^{4b forms} an alkylene chain -R ² -R ^4b -, wherein the alkylene chain is selected from -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ - and -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -C (R ⁵ ) ₂ -, and R ³ and R ^{4a are} each the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl; Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the alkylene-alkoxysilanes have the formula (I-d1 1),

(L-d1 1) wherein Y, a, n, R ¹ and R ⁶ to R ^{9 have} the meaning given in claim 1.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that -Y- = -N (R ⁹ ) ₂ - _a - and a = 1 or 2.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that -Y- = -O-, and a = 1.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that R ⁸ = H is.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that R ^{8 is} selected from the group consisting of carboxy (Ci-C6-alkyl) carbonyl and carboxy (C ₂ -C 6 alkenyl) carbonyl.

Alkylentnalkoxysilanes according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that n is a natural number of 21 to 120. Alkylentrialkoxysilanes according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that R ⁶ = H is.

Alkylentrialkoxysilanes according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that R ^{7 is} selected from methyl and acetyl.

Use of mono- and / or Bisalkylentrialkoxysilanen according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as a dispersant in aqueous suspensions of an aggregate and a hydraulic binder.

Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the hydraulic binder is selected from cement and geopolymeric silicate binder.

Aqueous suspension containing as dispersant mono- and / or Bisalkylentrialkox- silanes according to any one of claims 1 to 12, an aggregate and a hydraulic binder.

Process for the preparation of mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes according to one of Claims 1 to 12, comprising the steps:

(i) β-hydroxyalkylation of a polyether alcohol or polyetheramine of the general formula (II),

(Ii) in which Y, n, R ⁶ and R ⁷ are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, with one or more epoxysilanes of the general formula (III),

(H l) in which Z, m, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b and R ^{5 have} the meaning given in any one of claims 1 to 12, with the formation of special mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (Ia),

(Ia) wherein Y, Z, m, n, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, and (ii ) optionally acylation or alkylation of the hydroxyls formed in step (i)

Functionality and optionally the secondary amine function of the special mono- and / or bisalkylenetrialkoxysilanes of the general formula (Ia) using an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid chlorides of the formula R ⁸ Cl, carboxylic acid anhydrides of the formula (R ⁸ ) 20, where R ^{8 is} C 1 -C 20 -alkanoyl, C 3 -C 20 -alkenoyl or C 7 -C 20 -aryloyl, cyclic

Carboxylic acid anhydrides of the formula (IV-b1) and cyclic carboxylic anhydrides of the formula (IV-b2),

(IV-b1) (IV-b2) or using an alkylating agent selected from the group consisting of R ⁸ X, wherein R ^{8 is} C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl or C 2 -C 20 -alkynyl and X is CI, Br, I, 0S (= O) ₂ CF ₃ (trifluoromethanesulfonate), 0S (= 0) ₂ CH ₃ (methanesulphonate) or toluenesulphonate.