EP3200889A1 - Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage multicapillaire - Google Patents
Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage multicapillaireInfo
- Publication number
- EP3200889A1 EP3200889A1 EP15770952.8A EP15770952A EP3200889A1 EP 3200889 A1 EP3200889 A1 EP 3200889A1 EP 15770952 A EP15770952 A EP 15770952A EP 3200889 A1 EP3200889 A1 EP 3200889A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diameter
- packing
- ducts
- molecular
- separated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/22—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the construction of the column
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/40—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism using supercritical fluid as mobile phase or eluent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/025—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with wetted adsorbents; Chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
- B01J20/283—Porous sorbents based on silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
- B01J20/284—Porous sorbents based on alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
- B01J20/285—Porous sorbents based on polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/291—Gel sorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/104—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/306—Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/308—Pore size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/54—Sorbents specially adapted for analytical or investigative chromatography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to optimizing the morphology and porosity of multicapillary packings in operation.
- Chromatography is a particular technique, which has its own advantages and constraints and differs from other related techniques by the implementation of solid packings and fluids, such as adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis.
- Patent application WO 201 1/1 14017 describes a multicapillary monolith.
- This invention describes a monolith consisting mainly of silica or alumina whose walls are porous so as to allow rapid equilibration of the composition between adjacent conduits and its application to chromatography.
- fluid streams are remixed by convection and form a continuum.
- fluid streams are convectively independent and only communicate by molecular diffusion.
- the porous structure of the walls therefore represents a fundamental character of the effectiveness of these packings.
- An object of the invention is to define the properties of a multicapillary packing allowing to obtain an optimal efficiency for a given solute and hydrodynamic walking conditions.
- the invention provides a chromatography process in which a gaseous, liquid or supercritical mobile phase containing species to be separated is circulated through a packing comprising a stationary phase, said packing being characterized in that:
- the material of the walls of said conduits comprises a network of related pores, said pores forming passages from one conduit to the other allowing molecular diffusion to take place between adjacent conduits, said pores having an average diameter greater than twice the molecular diameter of at least one species to be separated,
- the average diameter of the ducts is less than 50 ⁇ .
- the capillary ducts pass through the packing from one side to the other between the upstream face and the downstream face.
- the capillary ducts are included in the lining and have at least one end opening into said lining.
- the ratio, referred to as the "relative dispersion height", of the theoretical plateau height (H dis p) due to the inhomogeneities of the lining on the total theoretical plateau height (H) of the lining is less than 0.66. preferably less than 0.3 and more preferably less than 0.1.
- the species to be separated have a molecular radius R h in the elution solvent, a molecular diffusion coefficient D 0 in the elution solvent, a molecular diffusion coefficient D s in or on the stationary phase, a partition coefficient K between the stationary phase and the elution solvent, a retention factor k 'in the chromatographic column, and
- the packing means comprises conduits diameter d c separated by medium wall thickness e of the irregularity is defined by a standard deviation of diameter d c returned to its average SigmaD.par a standard deviation of the thickness d e brought back to its average SigmaE, and by a standard deviation of the length of the ducts brought back to its average SigmaL,
- the porous material constituting the walls has a porous volume fraction P, a stationary phase volume fraction V0 istat or an adsorption specific surface S, a tortuosity T, and the associated pore network has a diameter of:
- the mobile phase flows with the average speed v c in the ducts and
- the ratio called “relative dispersion height”, the theoretical plateau height (H di sp) due to the inhomogeneities of the packing on the total theoretical plateau height (H) of the packing is calculated at the optimum efficiency of the packing. given by the VanDeemter curve.
- the conduits have an average diameter of less than 30 ⁇ , and preferably less than 10 ⁇ .
- the capillary ducts are substantially rectilinear and parallel to each other
- the ducts have a section that is substantially uniform with respect to each other
- each duct is regular over its entire length
- the pore network of the packing has an average diameter greater than 5 times the molecular diameter of the species to be separated and preferably greater than 10 times the molecular diameter of the species to be separated.
- the mobile phase is in the condensed state and said pore network has an average pore diameter greater than 2 nanometers, preferably greater than 10 nanometers, and even more preferably greater than 100 nanometers. nanometers.
- the mobile phase is in the gaseous state and the pores have a diameter greater than the average free path of the molecules.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a principle view of a cylindrical multicapillary packing in a direction parallel to its major axis.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a principle view of a cylindrical multicapillary packing in a direction perpendicular to its major axis;
- FIG. 3 shows the physical scheme used to simulate the behavior of multicapillary packings.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the numerical scheme used to simulate the behavior of the multicapillary packings.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between NEPT and the length of the lining for porous multi-capillary monoliths and non-porous multi-capillary monoliths.
- FIG. 6 shows the appearance of transient diffusion phenomena.
- FIG. 7 shows the same diffusive phenomenon projected on a set of adjacent ducts.
- FIG. 8 shows the correlation between Hdisp and Dfactor.
- FIG. 9 exemplifies the nature of the numbers characterizing a porous medium.
- FIG. 10 schematizes the characteristic sizes of the molecules interacting with the walls in a porous medium.
- FIG. 11 compares the pressure drop of multicapillary and particulate packings
- FIG. 12 shows a Van Deemter curve obtained by simulation
- FIG. 13 describes an elution chromatography method.
- FIG. 14 schematically represents a computer simulation of the separation of two chemical species on a porous-walled multicapillary packing whose diameter of the communicating pores is greater than twice the molecular diameter of these two species.
- FIG. 15 schematically represents a computer simulation of the separation of the same chemical species on a packing having identical dimensional characteristics to that used in the simulation of FIG. 14 but whose communicating pore diameter is greater than twice the molecular diameter. of one species and is less than twice the molecular diameter of another species.
- FIG. 16 represents a sectional view in a direction parallel to its major axis of a variant of a packing for the chromatography according to the invention in which the conduits are included in a porous monolithic mass and are stacked and juxtaposed.
- FIGS. 17 to 24 are views of the construction of a chromatography column
- FIGS. 25 and 26 show a mode of assembly of precursor wires of the ducts of a monolith
- FIG. 27 schematically represents the assembly of the bundle of wires in the part 90.
- Figure 28 shows a perforated sheet whose holes are divided into layers of three different diameters.
- FIG. 29 represents chromatographic responses of the same column in the case where the eluted molecule has a molecular diameter less than twice the pore diameter allowing diffusion between the adjacent ducts (dashed curve), and in the case or its molecular diameter, greater than twice the diameter of the pores, does not allow it (curve in solid line), the column containing three families of conduits of different diameters arranged in superimposed layers,
- FIG. 30 represents chromatographic responses of the same column in the case where the eluted molecule has a molecular diameter less than twice the pore diameter allowing diffusion between the adjacent ducts (dashed curve), and in the case or its molecular diameter, greater than twice the diameter of the pores, does not allow it (curve in solid line), the column contains conduits whose diameters are distributed randomly according to a Gaussian law whose standard deviation corresponds to 5% of the average diameter of the ducts.
- Figures 31 to 34 show chromatograms obtained using a device according to the invention.
- a multicapillary packing comprising between the walls of the conduits a porous solid including at least one population of related pores through which the diffusion molecular species to separate can take place. These pores provide a free passage to molecular diffusion between adjacent conduits.
- this process is continued until complete elution of the separated species out of the stationary phase.
- the chromatographic method will advantageously be characterized by its behavior in the linear regime, ie for a brief injection in the form of a well of products to be separated. Under these conditions the dilution of the species is large and the partition coefficient of the species to be separated with the stationary phase does not depend on the concentration.
- such a chromatographic separation or such a chromatographic method will be characterized in that it comprises at the optimum of efficiency advantageously at least 300 theoretical stages, and preferably at least 1000 theoretical stages.
- the length of the lining will be greater than 10 mm.
- the volume of the micropores and mesopores of the material constituting the walls of the packing measured by nitrogen absorption will be greater than 0.1 cm 3 / g and preferably greater than 0.2 cm 3 / g.
- the ratio between the volume of the ducts of the lining material and the volume of the lining measured by the ratio between the volume calculated according to the geometrical dimensions of the conduits and the total volume of the packing is greater than 20%, preferably greater than 35%, even more preferably greater than 50% and particularly advantageously greater than 65%.
- Chromatographic elution chromatography and affinity chromatography are distinguished in the field of the chromatographic process.
- the invention involves an elution chromatography method.
- the elution chromatography may be conducted by any known technique, such as, for example, batch chromatography, continuous radial or axial annular chromatography, and simulated moving bed.
- Chromatography is applied in liquid, gas and supercritical phases.
- the present invention is a chromatography process in which a gaseous mobile phase, liquid or supercritical containing species to be separated through a packing is circulated, said packing being characterized in that:
- the material of the walls has a first population of related pores, ensuring passages from one conduit to the other allowing molecular diffusion to take place between adjacent conduits, pores having a mean diameter (d por e) greater than 2; times the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated
- the diameter of the ducts is less than 50 ⁇
- the mobile phase penetrates the entire first population of related pores so as to produce a monophasic mobile phase continuum between the conduits.
- the molecular diffusion of the species to be separated between the conduits takes place within said mobile phase continuum.
- the ratio, referred to as the "relative dispersion height" of the theoretical plateau height (H di sp) due to the inhomogeneities of the packing over the total theoretical plateau height (H) is less than 0.66.
- this formula comprises static terms connecting the morphological structure of the lining (ex d c, d e) diffusional terms at the molecular level (eg D 0 , D s , C) to hydrodynamic terms which describe its behavior in operation with respect to a fluid flow (ex v 0 ).
- molecular diffusion is conventionally given by Fick's law. This formula applies for species to be separated characterized by a molecular radius R h in the elution solvent, a molecular diffusion coefficient D 0 in the elution solvent, a molecular diffusion coefficient D s in or on the phase stationary, a partition coefficient K between the stationary phase and the elution solvent, a retention factor k 'in the chromatographic column, for a lining comprising conduits of average diameter d c separated by walls of average thickness d e whose irregularity is characterized by a standard deviation of diameter d c returned to its average SigmaD, by a standard deviation of the thickness d e returned to its average sigmaE, and a standard deviation of the length of the ducts down to its average SigmaL upholstery which the constituent porous material of the walls is characterized by a pore volume fraction P, a volume fraction of stationary phase f V0 ist
- the ratio known as the "relative dispersion height" of the theoretical plateau height (H di sp) due to the inhomogeneities of the packing on the total theoretical plateau height (H) is calculated at the optimum of the packing efficiency defined by the Van Deemter curve.
- the material of the walls provides continuity in the condensed phase linking the conduits to each other.
- These ducts will have a diameter adapted to a chromatographic separation, less than 500 ⁇ , preferably less than 250 ⁇ .
- these conduits will have a diameter less than 50 ⁇ , preferably less than 30 ⁇ , and even more preferably less than 10 ⁇ .
- this effective limit is between a conduit diameter of less than 50 ⁇ for the fluids commonly used, and preferably less than 30 ⁇ .
- the upper limit of the diameter of the capillaries will be obtained when the flow of the fluid at the speed allowing the optimum of the effectiveness of the packing will cause a loss of load equal to the weight of the column of fluid considered on the height of the bed.
- V R is in general between 2 and 5.
- dma is the maximum diameter of the ducts allowing a natural balance of gravity chromatography
- Another limit of the multicapillary packings has been discovered by the inventor. It has been found that when the walls of the ducts are porous the efficiency of the chromatographic process measured by its number of theoretical plates or NPT linearly increases with the length of the column instead of being limited by the imperfections of independent ducts not communicating by diffusion.
- this consideration leads to selecting for a given separation a packing having a porosity adapted to the desired separation.
- pores of the material constituting the walls of the conduits will therefore be adapted to the size of the molecules to be separated: for condensed phase separation, a related population of these pores advantageously has an average diameter greater than twice the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated, and preferably between 2 and 1000 times the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated. These pores provide a connected passage from one conduit to another allowing molecular diffusion to occur between adjacent conduits.
- these pores constitute a continuum whose morphology and volume fraction are such that they make it possible to cross the percolation threshold making it possible to make the material permeable to diffusion between the adjacent ducts.
- these pores have a diameter greater than the mean free path of the molecules for application in gas phase chromatography.
- molecules of molecular weight between 0 and 1000 g / mol will be separated with communicating pore sizes of the material of the walls between the ducts of between 4 and 30 nm
- molecules of molecular weight of 10000 g / mol will be separated with
- the communicating pore sizes of the wall material between the ducts between 10 and 100 nm the molecular weight molecules of 100,000 g / mol will be separated with communicating pore sizes of the wall material between the ducts of between 30 to 300 nm.
- conduits are essentially free to the circulation of a fluid.
- free flow of a fluid is meant that the pressure drop of a fluid through a conduit is less than 3 times the pressure drop in said completely empty conduit of solid material.
- the ducts are advantageously empty of solid matter.
- its pore volume will advantageously be greater than 95% by volume, advantageously greater than 98% by volume.
- the inventor has discovered that the diffusivity of the molecules to be separated through the walls of a multicapillary packing makes it possible to considerably increase the effectiveness of this packing in terms of separating power and to make this efficiency directly proportional to the length of this packing. .
- the efficiency of the packing obtained is not equal to that of a single capillary, and the recorded loss of efficiency results in an additional theoretical plateau height which is added to the theoretical plateau height of the single capillary or a perfectly regular ideal filling.
- a chromatographic process in a porous multicapillary packing is subjected to a diffusional remixing phenomenon between adjacent ducts.
- Concentration x has the shape of a bell curve that spreads and collapses over time by diffusion of matter in the infinite medium.
- this area is divided by the unit area of an elementary cell of the packing having the mean section of a conduit and its stationary phase, that is, the section of the packing divided by the number of conduits, a characteristic quantity of the number of conduits in interactions at time t is obtained.
- SigmaD is defined in this text and in the claims as the relative standard deviation (standard deviation / mean) of the hydraulic diameter of the ducts.
- k ' is calculated as the ratio of the amount of solute or species to be separated in the stationary phase to the amount of solute in the mobile phase at equilibrium.
- K is the partition coefficient of the chemical species considered between the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
- concentration in the stationary phase can be conveniently calculated on the basis of a ratio of the adsorbed component mass to the volume of the stationary phase. This allows to retain the definition of K.
- SigmaE is defined in this text and in the claims as the relative standard deviation (standard deviation / mean) of the stationary phase thickness surrounding the duct between the different ducts.
- SigmaL is defined in this text and in the claims as the relative standard deviation (standard deviation / mean) of the length of the conduits. It is noted that a set of full-walled capillaries will be very poor in terms of chromatographic performance, limited in practice to a few hundred theoretical plates. This results in the need to confer on the walls of the ducts a porous structure allowing the molecular diffusion of take place between adjacent ducts.
- N linearly increases with time
- the N max efficiency increases linearly with time and thus with the length of the lining, which is consistent with a partial dispersion height constant over time.
- the number N can be correlated with the Gaussian spread by the formula: 2 * D real * t R
- the number of e is calculated assuming all the volume contained in the walls of the ducts of the lining distributed uniformly and concentrically on the periphery of the ducts.
- the number of e is equal to twice the thickness of this layer.
- It can also be computed by computer.
- the operating parameters and the morphology of the packing should be such that the Relative Dispersion Height does not exceed 0.66 for the species to be separated.
- this Relative Dispersion Height will not exceed 0.5, and even more preferably will be less than 0.3.
- Relative Dispersion will be less than 0, 1.
- the dispersion height can be known from the following formula:
- Such a column may comprise a central duct of diameter equal to the average of the diameter of the ducts equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the square of their diameters, on its periphery a thickness of a stationary phase identical to that of the actual packing and having a thickness equal to the arithmetic mean of its thickness in the packing, and having a length equal to the square root of the arithmetic average of the square of their length.
- the same quantities can be used to simulate or measure on an ideal multicapillary packing.
- Ht h eo can be calculated analytically, obtained by experience or obtained by a computer simulation.
- porous fractions filled with mobile phases in the wall the tortuosity and the average pore size and pore size distribution of these porous fractions as well as the molecular diffusivity of the species to be separated measured in these phases under the conditions of the separation chromatographic.
- tortuosity the tortuosity
- average pore size and pore size distribution of these porous fractions as well as the molecular diffusivity of the species to be separated measured in these phases under the conditions of the separation chromatographic.
- the geometry of the wall including details such as the position and the dimensions of the zones filled by the organic gel, the organic liquid and the mobile phase and any dead zones or filled by fluids or substrates other than the mobile phases, organic liquid and organic gel, as well as diffusivity
- H theo for a non-retained compound can be advantageously calculated in a preliminary manner by the formula:
- the medium in which the diffusion of the species to be separated occurs is not a homogeneous medium. It contains free conduits in which flows a fluid, or live volume containing a living mass, and a stagnant volume present in the pores comprising the eluent phase and the stationary phase.
- the diffusion coefficient of the species to be separated in the actual medium of the packing can be modeled by the following formula corresponding to a conduction in parallel in the center of the conduits and in the walls of the packing associated in series with a conduction in a thickness of the material of the walls:
- ConstProp constant The value of the ConstProp constant is found to be 0.778 by a computer simulation study.
- Porosity is the proportion of related pore volume of the material constituting the walls of the packing, it is a characteristic published in the data sheets of the commercial materials.
- Porosity P is measurable by mercury porosimetry for pores larger than 50 nm, by nitrogen adsorption for pores smaller than 50 nm.
- the pore size is derived from these same techniques.
- Tortuosity represents the spatial path that a molecule has to traverse to get from one point to another in the porous material by moving away from the straight line. It is a commonly accepted and documented value.
- Factor C measures the reduction of solute molecular diffusivity related to the pore size of the wall material.
- K r l- 2,104 * to + 2,089 * to 2 - 0,948 * to 3
- R h is the molecular radius of the species molecule to be separated considered as a sphere and r 0 is the radius of the pores.
- K p is a factor that accounts for a difference in equilibrium concentration between the pores and the infinite medium.
- K r takes into account the steric genes of the molecules to be separated in the pore volume.
- organic 0.15 2 0.15 0.72 0.73 0.53 organic 0.15 4 0.075 0.86 0.85 0.73 organic 0.15 6 0.05 0.90 0.90 0.81 organic 0.15 10 0.03 0.94 0.94 0.88 protein 1.5 6 0.5 0.25 0.35 0.09 protein 1.5 10 0.3 0.49 0.53 0.26 protein 1.5 0.1 0.81 0.81 0.66 protein 1.5 100 0.03 0.94 0.94 0.88 macromolecule 5 0.33 0.44 0.50 0.22 macromolecule 5 100 0.10 0.81 0.81 0.66 macromolecule 5 300 0.03 0.93 0.93 0.87
- the tortuosity of the medium that is to say the length that the molecule must actually travel to join two points bypassing the obstacles formed by the walls of the pores. It is expressed as the ratio of the distance in a straight line to the distance actually traveled on average.
- the effective diffusivity is considered to be written using the grouping in the formula giving FDiff: D e fpD 0 * P * C / T.
- FDiff D e fpD 0 * P * C / T.
- the partition coefficient is reduced to the volume of the liquid stationary phase or gel.
- the partition coefficient is reduced to the volume of the gel or solid excluding the pores,
- the partition coefficient is reduced to the volume of the gel or solid excluding the pores.
- the volume taken into account is the unsolvated volume by the solute. It will be noted that the effect of solvation by the mobile phase is taken into account in the effective volume of the gel.
- fvoistat is the volume fraction of the non-solvated stationary phase by a solute and excluding its pores in the walls of the conduits and K is the partition coefficient measured between the stationary phase considered as said homogeneous non-porous and unsolvated volume by the solute and containing said solute, and the mobile phase, and is expressed in (mole / m 3 ) / (mole / m 3 ).
- conduits of circular, hexagonal or square sections will be made.
- these ducts will be stacked at the vertices of a constant triangular or square mesh.
- Duct openings shall be open and open on each side of the liner.
- the variability (or standard deviation) on the diameter of the conduits will be less than 15% of their average diameter, preferably 5% of their average diameter, and more preferably 2.0% thereof.
- the wall material will have a porosity greater than 15% by volume, and preferably greater than 40% by volume. This magnitude affects both the porosity factor P and the tortuosity factor T.
- a packing having a high pore volume ratio will be less tortuous. It will be so much more effective.
- packings having a porosity of approximately 60% by volume will be used.
- the pores of the material will be adapted to the size of the molecules to be separated: for condensed phase separation, a population of these pores advantageously has an average diameter greater than twice the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated, and preferably between 2 times and 1000 times the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated. These pores provide a connected passage from one conduit to another allowing molecular diffusion to occur between adjacent conduits. Advantageously, these pores have a diameter greater than the mean free path of the molecules for application in gas phase chromatography.
- the walls shall be made so as to give their thickness, topology and homogeneity a great regularity. This means that the thickness d e will have a standard deviation better than 30% of its average value between the ducts and for the same duct. Preferably, this standard deviation will be better than 10% of its mean value. This may be achieved for example by a coating process by continuous dipping of a regular and circular wire. The fibers are then removed as described in patent application WO 201 1/1 14017 for example.
- the packing according to the invention is characterized in that it preferably develops more than 300 theoretical plates at the optimum of efficiency, preferably more than 1000 theoretical plates, and still more advantageously more than 10000 theoretical plates.
- porous commercial monoliths are intended for a different use of chromatography, in general filtration or membrane separations, and have diameters of ducts greater than 0.5 mm and wall thicknesses of the order of a millimeter .
- the packing walls resulting from sintering ceramics at high temperatures are generally non-porous and more particularly their porosity is not percolating with respect to diffusion.
- the packings according to the invention may develop more than 500,000 trays.
- the lining comprises at least part of which:
- the capillary ducts are substantially rectilinear and parallel to each other
- the ducts have a diameter which is substantially uniform with respect to each other
- each duct is regular over its entire length
- substantially uniform diameter is meant in the present text that the standard deviation on the diameter of the ducts does not differ by more than 15% of their average diameter, Advantageously not more than 5% and even more preferably not 2% of their average diameter.
- substantially uniform section is meant that the section of a conduit does not vary by more than a factor 3 between two parts of the same conduit.
- a porous material is selected from the walls having a first population of interconnected pores and with the conduits of diameters such that they allow effective diffusivity of the species to be separated in the walls of the packing at least equal to 10% of their diffusivity.
- non-porous free medium are selected from the walls having a first population of interconnected pores and with the conduits of diameters such that they allow effective diffusivity of the species to be separated in the walls of the packing at least equal to 10% of their diffusivity.
- non-porous free medium are non-porous free medium.
- these pores have a mean diameter of between 1 and 2000 nanometers.
- this population advantageously has an average pore diameter greater than 2 times, preferably greater than 5 times and even more preferentially greater than 10 times the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated.
- this population advantageously has an average pore diameter of less than 1000 times, more preferably less than 100 times and even more preferentially less than 30 times the molecular diameter of the molecules to be separated.
- the average diameter of the communicating pores of the material are greater than 2 times and less than 1000 times, more preferably greater than 2 times and less than 100 times and even more preferably greater than 5 times and less than 30 times the molecular diameter of the molecules to to separate.
- the molecules of organic chemistry are divided into small molecules with a molecular diameter of about 0.3 nanometers, large intermediate-sized molecules such as proteins, and large macromolecules.
- molecules of molecular weight between 0 and 1000 g / mol will be separated with communicating pore sizes of the material of the walls between the ducts of between 4 and 30 nm
- molecules of molecular weight of 10000 g / mol will be separated with
- the communicating pore sizes of the wall material between the ducts between 10 and 100 nm the molecular weight molecules of 100,000 g / mol will be separated with communicating pore sizes of the wall material between the ducts of between 30 to 300 nm.
- the optimum communicating pore size (in nm) of the material of the walls between the lining ducts will be expressed as a function of the molecular weight MW (in kg / mole) of the species to be separated by the law:
- these pores have a diameter greater than the mean free path of the molecules for application in gas phase chromatography.
- this material will contain a second population of pores in open contact with the first population.
- this second population will have a pore diameter smaller than that of the first population.
- the pore volume of the first population will represent more than 40%, preferably more than 50% and even more preferably more than 60% of the pore volume of the porous material of the packing, a pore volume calculated excluding the volume of the ducts. that is to say considering only the volume of the lining external to the walls of the ducts.
- the pore volume of the second population will represent between 10% and 60% of the pore volume of the porous material of the packing.
- bimodal monolithic silica gels will be used, the first population being macroporous and the second population mesoporous.
- this monolith is made of a silica gel.
- the first population consists of macropores, and the second population of mesopores.
- the pore size of the packing according to the invention can be perfectly controlled by using a binder charge process for its manufacture.
- a powdery filler is agglomerated by the action of an organic or inorganic binder.
- the charge may advantageously consist of a porous stationary phase for chromatography such as silica, alumina, cellulose, etc.
- the binder can be a soil, a soil gel process, a clay, a ceramic, a polymer, etc.
- silicas can be crushed and sieved to obtain any desired particle size, for example between 0.2 ⁇ and 500 ⁇
- Their shaping multicapillary packing can be done using a binder around bundled fibers to form a matrix. The fibers are then removed leaving their imprint in the form of conduits in the matrix.
- this packing will be performed by a bimodal silica gel for separations of macromolecules:
- this packing is made of a monolithic organic polymeric gel.
- the organic gel is a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene.
- the copolymers of styrene and divinyl benzene exhibit high diffusivity and permeability with respect to molecules dissolved in a solvent. In order to increase this diffusivity, the rate of styrene is decreased. This decrease has the effect of varying the pore size of the material.
- the weight of divinylbenzene in styrene can be varied between 20% and 2%, a high rate reducing the pore size.
- these organic gels can be made from monofunctional monomer mixtures and multifunctional monomers polymerized in a porogenic medium. The multifunctional monomers crosslink the polymer obtained.
- These monomers can be acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, methacrylamides, vinyipyrrolidones, vinylacetates, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, etc.
- the monofunctional monomer level may vary between 2% and 98% by weight of the total monomers.
- the bi or multifunctional monomers may be monomers based on benzene, naphthalene, pyridine, alkyl ethylene, glycol, etc. having two or more vinyl functional groups.
- the level of bi or multifunctional monomer may vary between 100% and 2% by weight of the total monomers.
- said content is between 98% and 60% by weight of the total monomers.
- the porogen is any material or product that can be removed after the polymerization to generate porosity. It can be an organic solvent, water, a decomposable polymer, etc. The choice of the porogen and its quantity determines the average size and the size distribution of the pores obtained.
- the volume of porogen is between 20% and 500% of the volume of the monomers or oligomers constituting the organic gel.
- the volume of porogen is between 40% and 300% of the volume of the monomers or oligomers constituting the organic gel.
- Crosslinked dextrans and agaroses are known under the trade names Sephadex and Sepharose (a trademark of GE Healthcare).
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a cylindrical multicapillary packing 3 in a direction perpendicular to its major axis.
- the porous mass is advantageously monolithic.
- the capillary ducts are straight, parallel, and spaced regularly.
- the different ducts have morphologies and diameters as identical as possible.
- Each duct passes through the material, that is to say, it advantageously has its ends open on each side 4 and 5 of the cylindrical packing, allowing the flow of fluid from the inlet side to the outlet side.
- FIG. 2 is a view from above of a face 5 of the cylindrical packing seen in the direction 6.
- the openings of the individual capillary ducts 1 can be distinguished in the mass 2.
- Figure 3 shows the computer simulated physical schema.
- the conduits distributed on a square or hexagonal mesh exchange material with their neighbors by molecular diffusion through their walls.
- FIG 4 shows the computer simulated numerical scheme.
- the multicapillary column is discretized into slices or cells along the axis of the fluid flow (arrow D1). Inside each slice the section of each conduit is discretized into cylindrical symmetry cells (arrow D2).
- the porous material is characterized by a porosity or void volume fraction, a stationary phase fraction, a tortuosity and a correction coefficient C of the diffusivity calculated on the basis of an average pore size.
- Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the convective, diffusional material balance and the accumulation of each compound eluted or eluting in each cell are posed and solved sequentially by an explicit Euler numerical integrator with a small time step.
- Figure 5 shows a first result of the simulations.
- the curves are plotted with the length of the column (in ⁇ ) on the abscissa and the number of theoretical plates on the ordinate.
- the diamond-bounded curve that capped at a theoretical number of plates independent of the length represents the behavior of an independent capillary bundle with solid walls.
- Said curve represents a lining consisting of ducts of randomly varying diameter according to a Gaussian statistical law around an average of 10 ⁇ with a standard deviation of 0.5 ⁇ , for non-porous walls.
- the diameter of the ducts varies statistically according to a normal distribution.
- the line delimited by squares represents the behavior of the same column with porous walls allowing the molecules of the substances to be separated to diffuse between the ducts. Efficiency increases linearly with length. Diffusion levels differences in behavior between conduits.
- This line represents the same beam as the lower curve with porous walls having 55% of pore volume, a wall thickness of 2 ⁇ and a pore size ten times greater than the molecular diameter of the species to be separated.
- FIG. 6 represents the concentration profile resulting from the diffusion of a component present initially in a pipe after a time t.
- the matter diffuses in the other conduits.
- the bell curve Gaussian type obtained spreads and collapses over time.
- the behavior of each duct becomes a cumulative average of contributions from an increasing number of ducts as time passes.
- the independent behavior of each duct is leveled and permanently becomes the result of an average on a larger and larger sample of adjacent ducts.
- Figure 7 shows this behavior.
- a central duct diffuses into the peripheral ducts and receives material from them, the quantity of material being all the greater as the color attributed to the duct is dark.
- FIG. 8 represents the correlation obtained between the theoretical plateau height attributable to the dispersion phenomenon Hdisp and the DFactor, both expressed in micrometres. The correlation is linear and excellent throughout the field of operating conditions numerically explored.
- FIG. 9 represents the different characterization variables of a porous material according to the invention.
- the material seen in section has solid parts 6 separated by a connected network of pores 7 of diameter 10.
- the volume fraction of vacuum 7 is the porosity P.
- the average ratio between the path 9 actually traveled by a diffusing molecule and the optimal path 1 1 is the tortuosity T of the material. It is assumed in this figure that the flow of fluid flows from the top to the bottom of the figure.
- FIG. 10 schematically represents the ratios between the diameter of the condensed phase diffusing molecules and the diameter of the pores extending through a porous material 12.
- the large molecules 14 whose diameter is of the order of magnitude the pore diameter is sterically hindered during diffusion.
- the molecular diffusivity of small species 13 whose diameter is an order of magnitude below that of the pores is not significantly affected.
- FIG. 11 shows the pressure drop of an aqueous solvent in two columns of the same length, one filled with a spherical particulate stationary phase (45 ° square points), the other with a multi-capillary monolith ( horizontal square points).
- the abscissa carries the diameter of the particles or conduits in ⁇ , the ordinate the pressure drop in bar.
- the pressure drop is calculated at the optimum efficiency of the column in both cases. It is found that the pressure drop is a lower order of magnitude with capillary ducts. The difference becomes significant in practice for a characteristic diameter of 30 ⁇ .
- Figure 12 shows a Van Deemter curve obtained by simulation. This curve is obtained for a capillary diameter 10 ⁇ surrounded by a porous stationary phase film of 55% porous volume and 2 ⁇ thick.
- the abscissa axis is the velocity of the mobile phase in the channel in ⁇ / s, the ordinate axis represents the theoretical plateau height in ⁇ .
- the Van Deemter curve shows that the height of a theoretical plate has a minimum corresponding to the optimum efficiency of the column.
- Figure 13 depicts an elution chromatography method.
- a continuous flow of mobile phase 28 of composition and temperature possibly variable over time passes through the chromatography column 21 filled with a stationary phase 22.
- a volume of charge to be separated 23 is injected into the feed stream .
- the species migrate at different speeds along the column 21 and separate into bands or peaks of elutions 24,25,26, etc.
- the separated species are isolated by fractionating the flow exiting the column so as to collect each band at the moment of its exit from the column in the elution solvent.
- This fractionation can be temporal in the case of a discontinuous or angular process in the case of a continuous annular device. It can consist of the separation of a head fraction and a tail fraction for a simulated moving bed device.
- the chromatogram represents the concentration peaks of the species 24, 25, 26 at the column outlet as a function of time.
- FIG. 14 schematically represents a computer simulation of the separation of two chemical species on a porous wall-packed multicapillary packing whose diameter of the communicating pores is greater than twice the molecular diameter of these species.
- the capillary ducts of the packing have a statistical variability on their diameter. These diameters are distributed on a gauss curve whose standard deviation is equal to 5% of their mean diameter.
- These species are for example a mineral salt such as sodium chloride 40 and a peptide 41 dissolved in water.
- FIG. 15 schematically represents a computer simulation of the separation of the same chemical species on a packing having identical dimensional characteristics but whose diameter of the communicating pores is greater than twice the molecular diameter of the species 40 and is less than twice the molecular diameter of the species 41.
- the size of the related pores will be greater than twice the molecular diameter of each of said species.
- FIG. 16 represents a sectional view in a direction parallel to its major axis of a variant of a packing for the chromatography according to the invention in which the ducts 61, 61 'are included in a porous monolithic mass 63 and are stacked and juxtaposed.
- the ducts open in an orderly or random manner into the eluent-permeable material 62.
- these conduits may be precursor fibers cut, stacked and juxtaposed directionally so as to impart an average direction parallel to the flow direction of the fluid in the lining.
- the ducts are in this case anisotropic macropores, the extent, direction or morphology of which promotes an axial flow of the eluent phase in the packing, and included therein.
- the ducts are of homogeneous lengths and diameters, and the most parallel possible.
- FIGS. 17-18 and 19-20 respectively represent two elements constituting the body of the column, namely a lower block 90 and an upper block 91.
- a housing or channel of rectangular section 93 is hollowed out in the lower block 90. Housing receives and molds the monolith.
- the synthesis of the monolith is carried out.
- Figure 17 is a side view of the part 90
- Figure 18 is a view along its section.
- L represents the length of the piece. The piece is provided with threaded perforations allowing its assembly.
- Figure 19 is a view of the upper block 91 along its section
- Figure 20 is a side view.
- the part 91 comprises a part maie 94 intended to be embedded in the channel 93.
- Figure 21 shows a sectional view of the parts 90 and 91 recessed. Their embedding provides a free channel 95 in which the monolith is housed.
- Figures 22 and 23 respectively show in profile view and in front view the piece 92 of the tip of the column for connecting to the fluidic.
- the part 92 comprises a welded or sealed tube 121 for bringing or discharging the mobile phase to the sintered filter 130 via an annular space 129.
- the filter is housed in an annular space 128
- the perforations 127 make it possible to assemble the column.
- Figure 24 schematically shows the geometry of the final assembly of the elements 90, 91 and 92.
- the seal of the assembly can be achieved simply by covering with a film of a two-component adhesive.
- Figures 25 and 26 show a method of assembling son 152 precursors ducts of a monolith.
- a sheet 150 is perforated with regular holes 151. Very fine holes of the order of a few tens of micrometers can be made by laser drilling in stainless steel sheet, brass sheet or polymer.
- the wire 152 is passed between the perforations of two symmetrical opposite plates 150 spaced apart by the length L so as to produce a bundle of parallel wires.
- the son can be subsequently welded or glued to the sheet 150 by a drop of glue.
- FIG. 27 schematically represents the assembly of the wire bundle 152 in the part 90.
- the bundle of wires 152 bounded by the sheets 150 is inserted under a slight tension at the bottom of the groove 93.
- the sheets 150 provide a temporary seal to both ends.
- the beam may be filled with stationary phase, and subsequently pyrolyzed, dissolved, melted, or removed by any suitable means.
- FIG. 28 represents a perforated sheet 150 whose holes are divided into layers of three different diameters 153, 154, 155. It is thus possible to obtain bundles whose wires of three different diameters are arranged in alternating layers.
- Figures 29 and 30 show chromatographic responses of the same column in cases where the eluted molecule has a molecular diameter less than half the pore diameter allowing diffusion between adjacent ducts (dotted line), and in the case where its molecular diameter greater than half the pore diameter does not allow it (curve in solid line).
- the x-axis is time
- the y-axis is the detector's response.
- the column contains three families of conduits of different diameters arranged in superimposed layers. An example of such an arrangement is shown in section in FIG.
- the column contains conduits whose diameters are distributed randomly according to a Gaussian law whose standard deviation corresponds to 5% of the average diameter of the ducts.
- the molecular diameter will be calculated in two ways depending on the molecular weight and characteristics of the substance under consideration.
- covolume For substances with a gaseous phase or for which we can calculate the coordinates of the critical point, we use the covolume, term b of the Van der Vais equation, divided by 4 and by the number of Avogadro, and we will calculate the diameter of a sphere of equivalent volume. It is known that the covolume b is equal to four times the molecular volume. The covolume is easily accessible from the critical coordinates of the body.
- hydrodynamic diameter measured by dynamic light scattering will be used.
- the average diameter and the standard deviation of the duct diameter are calculated as the average hydraulic diameter and its standard deviation measured by image analysis on one or more sections of the lining perpendicular to the ducts.
- the average diameter is measured as the average hydraulic diameter of a multiplicity of slices along the lining so as to obtain a statistically significant sampling with respect to the variability measured, in order to know the volume and the wet peripheral surface of each pipe and knowing this one its average hydraulic diameter as four times their ratio.
- the average thickness and the standard deviation of the thickness of the walls of the ducts are calculated. by image analysis obtained by scanning electron microscopy on a wafer of the packing perpendicular to the ducts.
- the average wall thickness is measured on a multiplicity of slices along the lining so as to obtain a statistically significant sampling with respect to the thickness of the lining.
- measured variability in order to know the volume of each wall and its wet peripheral surface and knowing it its average thickness on the basis of a constant thickness surrounding the wet peripheral surface of the ducts, obtained as the ratio of the wall volume on the wet peripheral surface.
- the mean length and standard deviation of the mean duct length are calculated by scanning electron microscopy image analysis on one or more slices of the duct-parallel packing to obtain statistically significant sampling. in view of the measured variability.
- the lengths are measured on a multiplicity of slices carried out in the packing parallel to its length in order to obtain a statistically significant sampling with regard to the measured variability, in order to know the average length of the conduits and its standard deviation.
- the volume of the lining outside the duct volumes is easily calculated by subtracting the average volume of the ducts thus determined from the geometric volume of the lining.
- the molecular diffusion coefficient in a liquid medium will be measured using the KCI calibrated porous diaphragm method for solutions with a concentration greater than 0.001 M, and by the open capillary method for lower concentration solutions and biological molecules (Measurement of coefficients Pierre Turq, Jean-Pierre Simonin, Engineering Techniques, ref. p1515, dated 10/01/1990), paragraphs 3, 21 1 and 3,212.
- the gas phase molecular diffusion coefficient is measured using the Boardman and Wild editing (Proc., Roy Soc., London, 162, 1937, p 51 1).
- the method described in the following document will preferably be used: (Measurement of diffusion coefficients, Pierre Turq, Jean-Pierre Simonin Engineering Techniques, ref p1515, dated 10/01/1990 ), 49 and 50 (4), 13.
- Effective diffusion in a porous complex medium or a gel may alternatively be measured by the KCI calibrated porous diaphragm method, the diaphragm being made of the material to be tested.
- the value chosen is the worst of the experimental values.
- the mean of a set of values of a variable X is its arithmetic mean E [X].
- the standard deviation is defined as the square root of the arithmetic mean of (XE [X ⁇ ) 2 .
- distribution we mean in the present text a set of values of the variable X.
- a 6-6 nylon thread is produced with a diameter of 0.043 mm.
- This wire is arranged on a rectilinear needle frame 220 mm in length.
- R10030 A are milled to an average particle diameter of about 3 ⁇ .
- the powder is gradually suspended in 500 ml of a mixture of 200 ml of silica sol HS30 with 30% dry matter and 300 ml of demineralized water.
- the nylon needles are soaked and covered with this suspension and are dried on their frame under a stream of dry air at 80 ° C.
- the needles are then cut with an exact length of 200 mm and arranged in a square housing of 2.0 mm side and 200 mm long carved in a sheet of 20x10x200 mm 316L stainless steel, and a flat cover in a sheet of 20x10x200 mm PTFE (Teflon brand registered by DuPont de Nemours).
- the needles are arranged parallel to each other and regularly in successive layers forming a square section in the lower stainless steel housing so as to fill it with needles.
- a mixture of 5 ml of Ludox HS30 (trademark Grace, sol of amorphous silica particles 7 nm in diameter, with a specific surface area of 360 m 2 / g, 30% by weight of silica contained) and 0.1 ml of acetic acid is prepared.
- the bundle of nylon needles in its stainless housing is impregnated with this mixture.
- the liquid must fill the entire packing, which must be immersed in it.
- Both parts, stainless steel and teflon are screwed against each other.
- the mixture is maintained at 90 ° C until complete freezing of the soil.
- the upper PTFE cover holding the beam is removed from the gel, the ends of the gel are released, and the bundle in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a temperature rise of 5 ° C / min up to 95 ° C in an oven . They are kept and dried for 5 hours at this temperature.
- the dry beam in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a rise in temperature of 1 ° C / min up to 550 ° C in an oven to the atmosphere. They are kept 5 hours at this temperature.
- a cover manufactured in a sheet of 20x10x200 mm of 316L stainless steel is replaced to close the packing in substitution of the PTFE half-shell.
- the monolith is washed with percolated water percolated by the free ducts.
- the monolith thus obtained can be used directly for the liquid chromatography of molecular weight molecules from 100 g / mol to 200 g / mol.
- a 6-6 nylon filde is produced with a diameter of 0.043 mm.
- This wire is arranged in straight needles 220 mm long.
- silica gel for 30 nm pore size chromatography (SiliCycle ref S10070 M) is milled to an average particle diameter of approximately 3 ⁇ .
- a silica sol having a particle size of 40 nm and a solids content of 50% is obtained by addition of deionized sodium silicate (by passage over a cation exchanger), so as to produce at pH 9 and at 90.degree. regular silica deposition on TM 50 soil of Grace in dilute solution.
- the powder is gradually suspended in 500 ml of a mixture of 200 ml of silica sol at 50% solids and 40 nm particle size obtained above and 300 ml of demineralized water.
- the nylon needles are soaked and covered with this suspension and are dried under a stream of dry air at 80 ° C.
- the needles are then cut with an exact length of 200 mm (see FIGS. 25A and B), releasing each side and arranged in a square housing of 2.0 mm side and 200 mm long carved in a sheet of 20x10x200 mm. 316L stainless steel, and a flat cover in a sheet of 20x10x200 mm PTFE (Teflon brand registered by DuPont de Nemours).
- the needles are arranged parallel to each other and regularly forming a square section in the lower stainless steel housing so as to fill it with needles.
- a mixture of 5 ml of the sol of 40 nm to 50% dry matter and 0.1 ml of acetic acid is prepared.
- the bundle of nylon needles in the stainless steel housing is impregnated with this mixture.
- the liquid must fill the entire packing, which must be immersed in it.
- Both parts, stainless steel and PTFE are screwed against each other.
- the mixture is maintained at 90 ° C until complete freezing of the soil.
- the upper PTFE cover holding the beam is removed from the gel, the ends of the gel are released, and the bundle in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a temperature rise of 5 ° C / min up to 95 ° C in an oven . They are kept and dried for 5 hours at this temperature.
- the dry beam in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a rise in temperature of 1 ° C / min up to 550 ° C in an oven to the atmosphere. They are kept 5 hours at this temperature.
- a cover manufactured in a sheet of 20x10x200 mm of 316L stainless steel is replaced to close the packing in substitution of the PTFE half-shell.
- the monolith is washed with percolated water percolated by the free ducts.
- the monolith thus obtained can be used directly for the liquid chromatography of molecular weight molecules of about 1000 g / mol.
- a mixture containing 8 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 32 g of divinylbenzene, 445 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile and 120 g of dodecanol is prepared and degassed under nitrogen for 20 minutes.
- This mixture is heated at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the mixture polymerizes.
- the monolith A thus produced is washed and percolated with THF for 30 minutes and dried in an oven at 90 ° C.
- Monolith A is milled under liquid nitrogen until a grain diameter of 25 ⁇ is obtained.
- the porosity of these grains is filled with a paraffin wax melting at 80 ° C by hot addition of the molten wax into the powder with stirring.
- a polydioxanone wire is produced with a diameter of 0.05 mm.
- the wire is covered by dipping and bonding using an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution previously deposited with a thin layer of grains of monolith B milled at 25 ⁇ . It is then cut into lengths of 120 mm and assembled into a bundle about 4 mm in diameter in a glass tube 75 mm long, 6.35 mm outer diameter and 4 mm inner diameter previously prepared.
- a mixture containing 8 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 32 g of divinylbenzene, 890 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile and 120 g of dodecanol is prepared in parallel and degassed under nitrogen for 20 minutes.
- the previously prepared bundle is filled with this mixture and heated to 70 ° C for 24 hours.
- the mixture polymerizes.
- the composite thus produced is released by cutting the sections of wire on either side of the glass tube flush with its ends, perpendicular to said sections.
- the monolith thus produced is washed with n-octane at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes and then with THF (tetrahydrofuran) at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the polydioxanone son are dissolved by 90 ° C N sodium hydroxide percolated through the packing for 1 hour, then the packing is washed with distilled water until neutral and dried at 105 ° C.
- the monolith is heated in an oven under a high vacuum at 125 ° C, until melting and volatilization of the wax residues and light organic compounds.
- the monolith thus obtained can be used directly for the liquid chromatography of molecules of molecular weight from 500 g / mol to 5000 g / mol.
- a monolith is produced according to the protocol described by Example 3.
- agarose beads are dissolved in one liter of deionized water at 95 ° C.
- the porosity of the monolith is impregnated with this solution by soaking and drainage at 95 ° C of the core of the pipes and cooling.
- the monolith is heated to 60 ° C for one hour.
- the crosslinked gel obtained is washed with hot water until neutral.
- the monolith thus obtained can be used as a basis for liquid chromatography of proteins.
- a polymethyl methacrylate wire is produced with a diameter of 0.3 mm.
- This wire is arranged on a frame.
- the yarns are covered by dipping a thin film of gradual Araldite (Trade Mark) deposited solvent in methanol.
- Silica grains for Supelco chromatography a spherical phase with a particle size of between 40 and 75 ⁇ , are adhered to the tensioned wires simply by contact with the Araldite film.
- the assembly is polymerized 24 hours at 40 ° C
- the needles are then cut into a beam of length 120 mm by releasing each side and arranged in a square housing of 2.0 mm side and 100 mm long dug in a sheet of 20x10x100 mm 316 stainless steelWorks in parallel with a lid plan in a sheet of 20x10x100 mm PTFE (Teflon brand registered by DuPont de Nemours).
- the needles are arranged parallel to each other in the lower stainless steel housing so as to fill it with needles.
- a mixture of 5 ml of Ludox TM50 soil (Grace brand) of 20 nm to 50% dry matter and the amount of glacial acetic acid sufficient to adjust its pH to 7 is prepared.
- the bundle of nylon needles in the stainless steel housing is impregnated with this mixture.
- the liquid must fill the entire packing, which must be immersed in it.
- Both parts, stainless steel and teflon are screwed against each other.
- the mixture is maintained at 90 ° C until complete freezing of the soil.
- the upper PTFE cover holding the beam is removed from the gel, the ends of the gel are released, and the bundle in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a temperature rise of 5 ° C / min up to 95 ° C in an oven . They are kept and dried for 5 hours at this temperature.
- the dry beam in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a rise in temperature of 1 ° C / min up to 500 ° C in an oven to the atmosphere. They are kept 5 hours at this temperature.
- a cover manufactured in a sheet of 20x10x100 mm 316L stainless steel is replaced to close the packing in substitution of the PTFE half-shell.
- the end pieces (FIGS. 22 and 23) are fixed (FIG. 24) on the column and the assembly is sealed with a film of two-component epoxy glue.
- the column is connected to the chromatograph.
- Figure 36 shows a chromatogram made with this monolith.
- the separated species are polyacrylic acid (1) and acetic acid (2).
- the axis of the abscissae represents the time in mn elapsed since the injection, the ordinate axis the response of the detector.
- a 6-6 nylon thread is produced with a diameter of 0.050 mm.
- This wire is arranged on a frame.
- silica gel for the 6 nm pore size chromatography (SiliCycle) is milled to an average particle diameter of approximately 3 ⁇ .
- the powder is gradually suspended in 500 ml of a mixture of 200 ml of 50% dry solids TM50 silica sol and 20 nm particle size and 300 ml of demineralized water.
- the nylon needles are soaked and covered with this suspension and are dried under a stream of dry air at 80 ° C.
- the needles are then cut into a 100 mm long bundle by releasing each side and arranged in a square housing 2.0 mm in length and 75 mm long cut in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm 316L stainless steel, and a flat cover in a 20x10x75 mm sheet of PTFE (Teflon brand registered by DuPont de Nemours).
- the needles are arranged parallel to each other in the lower stainless steel housing so as to fill it with needles.
- a mixture of 5 ml of the sol of 20 nm to 50% dry matter and the amount of glacial acetic acid sufficient to adjust its pH to 7 is prepared.
- the bundle of nylon needles in the stainless steel housing is impregnated with this mixture.
- the liquid must fill the entire packing, which must be immersed in it.
- Both parts, stainless steel and teflon are screwed against each other.
- the mixture is maintained at 90 ° C until complete freezing of the soil.
- the upper PTFE cover holding the beam is removed from the gel, the ends of the gel are released, and the bundle in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a temperature rise of 5 ° C / min up to 95 ° C in an oven . They are kept and dried for 5 hours at this temperature.
- the dry beam in its stainless steel housing is gradually carried with a rise in temperature of 1 ° C / min up to 550 ° C in an oven to the atmosphere. They are kept 5 hours at this temperature.
- a cover manufactured in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm 316L stainless steel is replaced to close the packing in substitution of the half shell PTFE.
- the monolith is washed with deionized water percolated by the free ducts and dried at 105 ° C for two hours.
- the end pieces (FIGS. 22 and 23) are fixed (FIG. 24) on the column and the assembly is sealed with a film of two-component epoxy glue.
- the column is connected to the chromatograph.
- the silicic monolith is functionalized with octadecyl-trimethoxysilane (Aldrich, 90%).
- octadecyl-trimethoxysilane Aldrich, 90%.
- a solution of 50 ml of absolute ethanol containing an excess of 5 graft molecules per nm 2 of silicic surface is employed. This corresponds to recirculating a solution of 50 mL of ethanol containing 0.093 g (0.25 mmol) of octadecyl-trimethoxysilane.
- the monolith is activated at 150 ° C. under vacuum for 4 hours before grafting in a Schlenk tube.
- the monolith is then percolated with the solution containing the grafts using a recirculating HPLC pump for 14 hours with a flow rate of 0.25 ml / min and a temperature of 70 ° C.
- the monolith is then washed continuously at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min-1 with ethanol (50 mL), a mixture of ethanol / water (50 mL / 50 mL) and acetone (50 mL).
- the monolith is dried at 80 ° C for 2 days.
- Figure 31 shows a chromatogram made with this monolith.
- the separated species are acetylisalicylic acid (2) and salicylic acid (3).
- a monolith is prepared according to the protocol described in Example 3, substituting ethylstyren for hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- Figure 32 shows a chromatogram made with this monolith.
- the separated species are angiotensin II (1) and lysozyme (2).
- the axis of the abscissae represents the time in mn elapsed since the injection, the ordinate axis the response of the detector.
- a preform of the channels of the monolith is made by producing a beam composed of three families of nylon threads 66 of 50, 60 and 70 ⁇ in diameter, respectively.
- the beam is made of a square beam of 12 side wires distributed in a square mesh of 120 ⁇ of pitch, using a support device of the type shown in FIG.
- the son of the three families are alternately arranged in successive layers of 12 son of the same diameter in the sequence 50/60/70/60/50/60/70/6050/60/70/60.
- the beam is made with a length of 75 mm long.
- the needle beam is then inserted into a 1.5 mm square and 75 mm long square housing cut in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm 316L stainless steel, and a flat cover in a 20x10x75 mm sheet of PTFE. (Teflon trademark filed by DuPont de Nemours).
- silica gel for the 6 nm pore size chromatography (SiliCycle) is milled to an average particle diameter of approximately 3 ⁇ .
- the powder is gradually suspended in 500 ml of a mixture of 200 ml of 50% dry solids TM50 silica sol and 20 nm particle size and 300 ml of demineralized water.
- the bundle of nylon needles in the stainless steel housing is impregnated with this mixture.
- the liquid must fill the entire beam, which must be immersed in it.
- Both parts, stainless steel and teflon are screwed against each other.
- the mixture is kept at 90 ° C. under a saturated wet atmosphere until complete freezing of the soil.
- the upper PTFE cover holding the beam is removed from the gel, the ends of the gel are released, and the beam in its stainless housing is gradually worn with a temperature rise of 5 ° C / min to 95 ° C in an oven . They are kept 5 hours at this temperature.
- the dry bundle in its stainless steel housing is gradually raised with a rise in temperature of 1 ° C / min to 550 ° C in an oven under an air atmosphere. It is maintained for 5 hours at this temperature.
- a cover manufactured in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm 316L stainless steel is replaced to close the packing in substitution of the half-shell PTFE.
- the monolith is washed with deionized water percolated by the free ducts and dried at 105 ° C for two hours.
- the end pieces (FIGS. 22 and 23) are fixed (FIG. 24) on the column and the assembly is sealed with a film of two-component epoxy glue.
- the column is connected to the chromatograph.
- a characterization of the silicic material of this monolith by adsorption with nitrogen shows a median mesopore diameter of 8 nm and a porous volume fraction of 55%.
- Figures 33 and 34 show the chromatograms obtained using this monolith. The conditions are as follows:
- Figure 34 microspheres tracer polystyrene latex (Applied Physics AP3100A) of 100 nm in diameter, 1000 ppm solution of dry matter.
- the axis of the abscissae represents the time in mn elapsed since the injection, the ordinate axis the response of the detector.
- a preform of the channels of the monolith is made by producing a beam composed of polydioxanone son 50 ⁇ in diameter.
- the beam is made of a square bundle of 10 son of sides distributed in a square mesh of 100 ⁇ of pitch, using a support device of the type shown in FIGS. 27 to 29.
- the perforated screen is made by drilling perforation laser of 55 ⁇ in a stainless steel sheet of 150 ⁇ thick.
- the beam is made with a length of 75 mm long.
- the needle beam is then inserted at the bottom of a housing 1.0 mm wide, 2 mm deep and 75 mm long cut in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm 316L stainless steel ( Figures 17 and 18).
- a flat cover in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm stainless steel ( Figures 19 and 20) is prepared.
- the resulting bar is washed with water and methanol, and then percolated with N sodium hydroxide at 90 ° C for 24 hours until the son dissolves.
- Figure 35 shows a chromatogram made with this monolith.
- the separated species are uracil (1) benzene (2) and hexylbenzene (3).
- the abscissa axis represents the time in mn elapsed since the injection, the ordinate axis the response of the detector.
- a preform of the channels of the monolith is made by producing a beam composed of nylon threads of 43 ⁇ in diameter.
- the beam is made of a square bundle of 10 side wires distributed in a square mesh of 100 ⁇ of pitch, using a support device of the type shown in FIGS. 27 to 29.
- the perforated screen is made by drilling laser perforations of 50 ⁇ in a stainless steel sheet of 150 ⁇ thick.
- the beam is made with a length of 75 mm long.
- the needle beam is then inserted at the bottom of a housing 1.0 mm wide, 2 mm deep and 75 mm long cut in a sheet of 20x10x75 mm 316L stainless steel ( Figures 17 and 18).
- a flat cover in a 20x10x75 mm sheet of PTFE ( Figures 19 and 20) is prepared.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- nitric acid 68%, Aldrich
- NH40H purity analytic, Aldrich
- a 250 ml Erlenmayer is placed in an ice bath at 0 ° C. with a magnetic bar. Then demineralized water (46.30 g, 2.57 mol) and nitric acid (68% HNO 3, 4.60 g, 49.63 mmol) are added and stirred at 500 rpm for 15 min. Then, the PEO (4.79 g PEO including 0.1 1 mol EO unit) is added and the mixture is stirred for one hour at 700 rpm so that all the PEO is dissolved. TEOS (37.70 g, 0.18 mol) is then added and the mixture is stirred for one hour.
- the transparent solution obtained is then poured using a 10 ml pipette into the breast of the wire bundle obtained previously previously kept in a dry environment at 0 ° C. before filling.
- the bar is then placed in an oven under an atmosphere saturated with water vapor at 40 ° C. for 72 hours.
- PTFE cover is removed
- the bar is immersed in a 2 L beaker with 1500 mL of deionized water at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the monolith is then washed in the same manner four times by immersion in demineralized water (500 mL, 1 h) until a neutral pH is obtained.
- the monolith is then subjected to a basic treatment. It is
- the lid is repositioned with a PEEK seal at 340 ° C and cooled.
- d c average diameter of the ducts, meter
- d e average thickness of the wall separating the ducts, meter
- volume fraction of stationary phase in the wall of the capillary ducts of the lining (m 3 / m 3 )
- H ca p theoretical plateau height of a single capillary of average diameter
- HdispD meter height of theoretical chromatographic plate related to the irregularities of the diameter of the different conduits
- H d isp E : height of theoretical chromatographic plate related to the irregularities of the thickness of the walls between the different conduits, meter
- H d isp L : height of theoretical chromatographic plate related to the irregularities of length of the different conduits, meter
- H disp theoretical plateau height related to the irregularities of the capillary ducts
- meter Hthe 0 theoretical plateau height of a perfectly regular multicapillary packing
- KS partition coefficient of the species to be separated measured between the volume of the walls and the volume of the capillaries, (mole / m 3 of wall) / (mole / m 3 of conduits)
- K partition coefficient of the species to be separated between the stationary phase and the eluent phase
- K ads partition coefficient in adsorption of the species to be separated
- L distance traveled by the peak eluted in the chromatograph during the time t
- meter LG lining length , metre
- NPT number of theoretical plates of the column.
- NmaxD maximum number of trays of a chromatographic separation linked to irregular diameter ducts
- NmaxL maximum number of trays of a chromatographic separation linked to ducts of irregular lengths
- N equivalent number of interacting conduits
- R h molecular radius of the molecules of the species to be separated, nanometer
- SigmaD Relative standard deviation (standard deviation / mean) of the hydraulic diameter of the ducts.
- SigmaE Relative standard deviation (standard deviation / mean) of the wall thickness.
- SigmaL Relative standard deviation (standard deviation / mean) of the length of the ducts.
- v c velocity of the mobile phase in the duct, m / s
- V R reduced speed, adimensional
- VM O IEI molar volume of the eluent phase, m 3 / mole
- V M0 istat: molar volume of the stationary phase, m 3 / mole Vs stationary phase volume in column (m3)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1459176A FR3026313B1 (fr) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage multicapillaire |
PCT/EP2015/072474 WO2016050797A1 (fr) | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-29 | Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage multicapillaire |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3200889A1 true EP3200889A1 (fr) | 2017-08-09 |
Family
ID=52589480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15770952.8A Pending EP3200889A1 (fr) | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-29 | Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage multicapillaire |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11406915B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3200889A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3026313B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016050797A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3026312B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-29 | 2018-07-13 | Francois Parmentier | Procede de chromatographie sur un gel ou un liquide organique |
EP3218641A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-11 | 2017-09-20 | Basf Se | Cuve de stockage comprenant un corps formé d'un seul tenant, d'un solide poreux |
FR3041547B1 (fr) | 2015-09-29 | 2019-09-20 | Francois Parmentier | Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage poreux fabrique par etirage |
FR3049874A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-13 | Francois Parmentier | Procede de chromatographie |
EP3694622A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-08-19 | François Parmentier | Procede de chromatographie |
FR3112083A1 (fr) | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-07 | François PARMENTIER | Procédé de fabrication d’un garnissage multicapillaire |
CN114813509B (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2024-06-11 | 西南石油大学 | 一种利用声波时差计算岩石孔隙度的压实校正系数确定方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2957276A1 (fr) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-16 | Francois Parmentier | Monolithe multicapillaire |
US20140349839A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2014-11-27 | Francois Parmentier | Multi-capillary monolith made from amorphous silica and/or activated alumina |
-
2014
- 2014-09-29 FR FR1459176A patent/FR3026313B1/fr active Active
-
2015
- 2015-09-29 US US15/514,918 patent/US11406915B2/en active Active
- 2015-09-29 EP EP15770952.8A patent/EP3200889A1/fr active Pending
- 2015-09-29 WO PCT/EP2015/072474 patent/WO2016050797A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3026313A1 (fr) | 2016-04-01 |
US11406915B2 (en) | 2022-08-09 |
FR3026313B1 (fr) | 2018-07-13 |
WO2016050797A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 |
US20170259190A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2016050797A1 (fr) | Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage multicapillaire | |
Wang et al. | Construction of β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework-modified chiral stationary phase for chiral separation | |
Broeckhoven et al. | Advances and innovations in liquid chromatography stationary phase supports | |
EP3200890A1 (fr) | Procede de chromatographie sur un gel ou un liquide organique | |
Tanaka et al. | Core–shell, ultrasmall particles, monoliths, and other support materials in high-performance liquid chromatography | |
Cheong et al. | Molecular imprinted polymers for separation science: A review of reviews | |
EP2547440B1 (fr) | Monolithe multicapillaire | |
Viklund et al. | Synthesis of porous zwitterionic sulfobetaine monoliths and characterization of their interaction with proteins | |
Bruns et al. | Confocal laser scanning microscopy method for quantitative characterization of silica monolith morphology | |
Detobel et al. | Fabrication and chromatographic performance of porous-shell pillar-array columns | |
Knob et al. | Surface-area expansion with monolithic open tubular columns | |
Stoeckel et al. | Morphological analysis of physically reconstructed silica monoliths with submicrometer macropores: effect of decreasing domain size on structural homogeneity | |
EP2755751B1 (fr) | Garnissage pour une colonne chromatographique et procédé de réalisation | |
Khoo et al. | Advancements in the preparation and application of monolithic silica columns for efficient separation in liquid chromatography | |
Liu et al. | Polymer-modified fibrous mesoporous silica nanoparticles as coating material for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography | |
Wang et al. | Homochiral iron-based γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for stereoisomer separation in the open tubular capillary electrochromatography | |
Renkecz et al. | In situ synthesis of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles in porous support membranes using high‐viscosity polymerization solvents | |
Healey et al. | An insight to chiral monolith for enantioselective nano and micro HPLC: preparation and applications | |
Liang et al. | Well-defined materials for high-performance chromatographic separation | |
Tallarek et al. | Solute sorption, diffusion, and advection in macro–mesoporous materials: Toward a realistic bottom-up simulation strategy | |
Low et al. | Interaction of isothermal phase inversion and membrane formulation for pathogens detection in water | |
Lis et al. | Ionic liquid-based functionalized materials for analytical chemistry | |
Dembek et al. | Optimization of the packing process of microcolumns with the embedded phosphodiester stationary phases | |
FR3041547B1 (fr) | Procede de chromatographie sur un garnissage poreux fabrique par etirage | |
Westerberg | Chromatographic separation of wood constituents |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20170406 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20210514 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SEPARATIVE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: PARMENTIER, FRANCOIS |