EP3198102A1 - Systeme de vitrage actif - Google Patents
Systeme de vitrage actifInfo
- Publication number
- EP3198102A1 EP3198102A1 EP15778378.8A EP15778378A EP3198102A1 EP 3198102 A1 EP3198102 A1 EP 3198102A1 EP 15778378 A EP15778378 A EP 15778378A EP 3198102 A1 EP3198102 A1 EP 3198102A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volatile compound
- intermediate volume
- droplets
- glazing system
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an active glazing system.
- active glazing applications are intended to provide isolation or privacy without causing darkness.
- active glazing is installed to separate two rooms of constructed premises, such as a meeting room and a passage corridor, while transmitting ambient light between the room and the corridor.
- the active glazing realizes on command a reversible switching between a transparent state, in which it transmits the light rays without deviating, and a diffusing state, or translucent, wherein the light rays are deflected simultaneously in multiple directions.
- the transparent state therefore corresponds to the ability of the glazing to transmit the light specularly, allowing to see clearly through the glazing.
- the diffusing state blurs vision in a magnitude that may be sufficient to completely inhibit vision, and thus create visual isolation.
- transparency is called the ability of the glazing to transmit the light specularly.
- the transparency can therefore be quantified by the specular light transmission value.
- the light scattering efficiency also called translucency
- Transparency can be measured by placing a light detector on one side of the glazing, in line with a light beam that is directed from the other side of the glazing. Conversely, the translucency can be measured by angularly shifting the detector relative to the axis of the incident light beam.
- An object of the present invention is then to provide a new active glazing that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
- an active glazing system which comprises:
- a double glazing itself comprising two transparent plates which limit between them an intermediate volume filled with gas
- control device which is capable of reversibly causing a transition for a volatile compound between a dry vapor state and a supersaturated vapor state.
- An amount of the volatile compound is present in the intermediate volume of the double glazing.
- the state of dry vapor is achieved in this intermediate volume by the control device, the volatile compound is entirely in the form of steam and the double glazing is transparent.
- a transition control from the dry vapor state to the supersaturated vapor state produces a condensation of the volatile compound into droplets which are distributed over at least a portion of a surface of at least one of the two plates, turned to the intermediate volume. These droplets then produce a light diffusion which reduces the transparency of the double glazing.
- the droplets of the saturated vapor state produce an increase in the translucency of the double glazing.
- the state of dry vapor thus corresponds to the state of maximum transparency. Condensation of the volatile compound into droplets reduces this transparency.
- the surface portion of the plates on which the volatile compound is condensed is such that a contact angle of the droplets of the volatile compound with the surface is greater than 70 °.
- the state of the glazing that is produced by the condensation of The volatile compound is thus sufficiently optically diffusing to inhibit vision through the double glazing.
- the transition that is thus performed for the active glazing system, between the state of transparency and a diffusing state, is reversible.
- Such a system therefore does not require a PDLC film or electrodes, so that its manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the volatile compound which is used in an active glazing system according to the invention can be inexpensive, such as water or ethylene glycol.
- a system according to the invention has a double glazing structure with an intermediate volume which is filled with gas. It therefore has efficiencies of thermal insulation and sound insulation.
- control device can be adapted to vary a pressure of the volatile compound in the intermediate volume
- the gas which is contained in the intermediate volume may be a mixture of the volatile compound with an inactive gas component
- the surface part of the plates on which the volatile compound condenses may be such that the contact angle of the droplets of the volatile compound with the surface is greater than 80 °, preferably greater than 90 °;
- the system can be adapted so that the condensation of the volatile compound on the surface portion of the plates produces the droplets with diameters that are between 20 ⁇ and 60 ⁇ (micrometer), and with a surface recovery rate of the part plate area which is between 40% to 60%;
- the surface part of the plates on which the volatile compound condenses may comprise a coating or texturing adapted to modify the contact angle of the droplets of the volatile compound with the surface, with respect to a base material of this plate.
- the coating or texturing may have patterns that are adapted to control a distribution of droplets on the surface of the plate;
- the control device may comprise two flow regulators, which are arranged to control a first flow of a gaseous component free of volatile droplet-forming compound, and a second flow rate of another gaseous component containing the volatile droplet-forming compound. in conditions of supersaturation. The two flow controllers are then connected to inject together the first and second flow rates in the intermediate volume; and
- the active glazing system may further comprise a volatile compound recovery unit, which is connected to an evacuation of the intermediate volume of the double glazing.
- a recovery unit may comprise a condenser adapted to liquefy a vapor of the volatile compound which is extracted from the intermediate volume by the evacuation.
- the control device may then comprise a steam generator of the volatile compound, in particular a pressurized steam generator of the volatile compound, which is connected to inject vapor of the volatile compound into the intermediate volume.
- an outlet of the condenser can be connected to a feed inlet of the steam generator in liquid of the volatile compound.
- an active glazing system that is in accordance with the invention can form a building or vehicle glazing, an interior partition wall, a projection screen, a solar diffuser, a light source diffuser, or a vision jamming device.
- FIG. 1 shows an active glazing system which is in accordance with the invention
- a system according to the invention which is designated generally by the reference 100, comprises the two transparent plates 1a and 1b which form a double glazing, and the control device 10.
- the two plates 1a and 1b may be constituted any material that is transparent to the incident light beam FI. For example, they may be glass or PMMA. They limit an intermediate volume 2, with additional peripheral junction elements that are not represented.
- the plates 1a and 1b are parallel, and the additional elements comprise a peripheral spacer which is rigidly connected to each plate.
- the intermediate volume 2 may have a thickness which is intermediate between 0.5 mm and 30 cm, preferably less than 5 cm.
- the double glazing concerned by the invention may be part of a triple glazing.
- the double glazing is arranged so as to be able to vary the composition of the gas which is contained in the intermediate volume 2.
- the peripheral spacer is sealingly connected to each plate 1a and 1b, and has a gas inlet rated IN and a gas evacuation marked OUT.
- the concrete achievements of the IN input and the OUT discharge can be arbitrary. However, they are advantageously provided to allow a rapid renewal of all the gas that is contained in the volume 2.
- the IN input and OUT discharge may be located at opposite locations on the periphery of the double glazing.
- the control device 10 is adapted to inject into the intermediate volume 2 a gas of variable composition.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a possible composition of the device 10, in which two gas supply lines are connected in parallel to the input IN.
- the first gas supply line comprises for example a source of dry air January 1 and a first flow regulator 12, noted REG1.
- the second gas supply line may be adapted to supply water vapor. For this, it includes the source of water vapor 13 and a second flow regulator 14, noted REG2.
- the water is only present in gaseous form, that is to say in vapor form without liquid. , in intermediate volume 2.
- gaseous form that is to say in vapor form without liquid. , in intermediate volume 2.
- Such a state of water, exclusively in the form of steam, is commonly referred to as dry steam.
- the water then has no effect on the beam IF which passes through the double glazing.
- the beam FI then emerges on the other side, in the form of an emergent beam which is denoted FE and which has a direction of propagation identical to that of the beam FI before crossing the double glazing.
- the double glazing allows a separate view for an observer who is located on one side of the double glazing, and who looks at objects that are located on the other side of the double glazing. This is the transparent state of the system. This state is obtained especially when the gas which is present in the intermediate volume 2 has been delivered by the first gas supply line.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the optical effect of a droplet.
- the reference Sa designates the surface of the plate 1 a which is turned towards the intermediate volume 2
- G denotes a droplet.
- the droplet G deflects the light rays of the incident beam FI, thus causing a light scattering which blurs the vision of an observer through the double glazing.
- the optical state of the system is diffusing, or translucent.
- the condensation of water that can occur simultaneously on the plate 1b causes additional diffusion, and the emergent light beam FE then results from these two successive diffusions.
- the amount of water that is condensed in the droplets can be adjusted so that the light scattering that is obtained corresponds to the Mie scattering conditions, resulting in a blur of vision that can be very effective.
- the system remains in the diffusing or translucent optical state as long as the water pressure in the intermediate volume 2 is kept constant.
- the individual size of each droplet may vary between a few tens of nanometers and a few tens of micrometers.
- a return of the system to the transparent state can be controlled by stopping the flow of supersaturated water vapor and injecting a sufficient flow of dry air through the first gas supply line.
- the pressure of the water in the intermediate volume 2 then decreases below the saturation vapor pressure value, so that the droplets are evaporated.
- the water in vapor form is removed by the evacuation OUT.
- Progressive transitions between the diffusing state and the transparent state of the system can be obtained by simultaneously activating the first and second gaseous supply lines, so as to inject into the intermediate volume 2 a mixture of air and steam. water, with varying proportions of air and water. In such a mixture, the air is an inactive gaseous component with respect to the optical operation of the system.
- the detector 16 may be a sensor of the water pressure that exists in the intermediate volume 2. Such sensors are known to those skilled in the art and easy to implement in the volume 2. Preferably, the detector 16 may be adapted to measure the level of diffuse light transmission produced by double glazing. Such a control mode is more direct and more accurate with respect to the optical function of the active glazing system.
- the surfaces of the plates 1a and 1b which are oriented towards the inside of the intermediate volume 2 can be treated to adapt or increase the contact angle of the water with these plates.
- the contact angle of the drop G with the surface Sa is noted ⁇ in FIG. 2. It can be measured using the method known sessile drop, for example using a goniometer. According to this method, a drop of the liquid of the volatile compound, for example ultrapure water, is deposited using a syringe on the plate surface. The method then consists in measuring the angle between the tangent to the drop profile and the surface of the plate, at the triple plate / liquid / gas contact line, possibly using a camera. On this subject, see Chapter 1 of Surface Science Techniques, G.
- hydrophobic treatments of the surface Sa make it possible to increase the contact angle ⁇ , especially up to values greater than 80 ° or even greater than 90 °.
- Such a treatment may consist in depositing on the surface Sa molecules based on silicone and / or which contain fluorine atoms or hydrocarbon groups.
- Many deposition methods can be used to form a hydrophobic coating, including vacuum deposition methods, bath dipping and shrinkage deposition, vapor phase functionalization methods, or inkjet deposition. spraying through masks, which can selectively deposit the hydrophobic compounds in specific areas of the surfaces of the plates 1a and 1b.
- droplets which have a diameter of about 40 ⁇ (micrometer) and which are distributed substantially uniformly over the plate surface 1 a or 1 b with a surface recovery rate of the order of 50%, in combination with the contact angle value greater than 70 °, produce a light scattering which is particularly effective.
- such conditions ensure effective jamming of human vision at a distance of 10 cm (cm) without the droplets being individually visible.
- the production of limited zones with hydrophilic or hydrophobic behavior on the plates 1a and 1b, with submillimetric patterns can make it possible to control the uniformity of nucleation of the droplets during a transition from the transparent state of the system to a diffusing state.
- a distribution of such zones according to a regular network for example a hexagonal type network, makes it possible to obtain a high and uniform droplet density.
- Such patterns may also limit the spreading of the droplets on the plates 1a and 1b, so that for a quantity of condensed water that is identical, the droplets are thicker perpendicular to the plates 1a and 1b, and produce a greater light diffusion. The translucency of the double glazing in the diffusing state can thus be adjusted.
- the water used to form the droplets by condensation can be replaced by another volatile compound, such as ethylene glycol, for example.
- the volatile compound can be selected as a function of its condensation temperature, its evaporation rate, its contact angle on the surface of the plates 1a and 1b, and the droplet nucleation density at the time. a transition to a diffusing state, etc.
- control device 10 may also concern the control device 10.
- the second gaseous feed line of the device which has been described above in connection with FIG. 1 can be replaced by a steam generator. , of the pressurized steam generator type, or of the steam production type by bubbling an inactive gas into a liquid water tank.
- the operating parameters of such supersaturated water vapor supply devices can be easily adjusted by those skilled in the art.
- the source of water vapor 13 may comprise in series, in the order corresponding to the direction of flow, a liquid water source 13a, a filter 13b and the pressurized water steam generator 13c.
- the source of dry air 11 may comprise an air source 11a which is followed by a filter 11b, which may be desiccation.
- the system of FIG. 3 is completed by a recovery unit of the volatile compound 20.
- This recovery unit 20 is composed of a condenser 21, to liquefy again the volatile compound which is extracted from the evacuation OUT.
- air and liquid water can be separated at the outlet of condenser 21.
- the liquid water which is thus separated can be recycled by a dedicated line 20a, which connects the liquid outlet of the condenser 21 to the source 13, upstream of the pressurized water steam generator 13c.
- the gas outlet of the condenser 21 can be connected by a separate line 20b to a fan 22 and a heating unit 23 arranged in series, and connected to the input IN by the line 20c.
- the operations of the condenser 21, the fan 22 and the heating unit 23 may be controlled by the controller 17.
- the discharge OUT may be provided with a valve 30, to avoid causing an overpressure at the inlet of the recovery unit 20, especially when a fast transition of the optical state of the double glazing is controlled by the controller 17.
- the recovery unit 20 can be shared between several active glazing systems, which are in compliance each to the present invention.
- the invention is compatible with the use of many additional coatings, applied to the plates 1a and 1b to provide them with additional functions, such as an anti-reflective function or a low-emissive function, for example.
- An active glazing system according to the invention can be intended for many uses, in particular in the fields of external glazing, for building or automobile, interior design or furniture.
- a particular application of a system according to the invention may be the production of a retro-reflective screen, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the volatile compound will preferably be chosen to have a high refractive index value.
- FIG. 4 shows incident light rays R1 which are retro-reflected by the droplets G.
- RE denotes such a retro-reflected ray.
- each droplet G constitutes a concave micro-mirror capable of transforming an incident light beam which is substantially parallel into a divergent retro-reflected beam. The viewing angle of the screen by users can be great.
- the volatile compound will preferably be selected to have a contact angle on the plates 1a and 1b, which is close to 90 °.
- the use of a regular network of zones whose hydrophobicity is variable between adjacent zones, is advantageous for improving the quality and brightness uniformity of the image.
- such a screen has a resolution that is at least three times thinner than that of a high-definition (HD) screen.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1459061A FR3026426A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 | 2014-09-25 | Systeme de vitrage actif |
| PCT/FR2015/052554 WO2016046501A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | Systeme de vitrage actif |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3198102A1 true EP3198102A1 (fr) | 2017-08-02 |
Family
ID=52345270
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15778378.8A Withdrawn EP3198102A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | Systeme de vitrage actif |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170292317A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3198102A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3026426A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016046501A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109372388B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-09-22 | 北方工业大学 | 一种吸收式光热独立自动调节透光结构、玻璃幕墙及外墙窗 |
| FR3092130B1 (fr) | 2019-01-29 | 2020-12-25 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Dispositif pour l’opacification variable d’un vitrage |
| WO2023079349A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | Mario Valderrama Chaparro | Cloison de construction isolante intelligente et procédé de construction |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62212247A (ja) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-18 | Tadahiko Ara | 透明−不透明変換可能体 |
| JPH02103134A (ja) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-16 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 調光ガラス |
| US20140204452A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | sp3 nanotech LLC | Switchable lens apparatus and method |
-
2014
- 2014-09-25 FR FR1459061A patent/FR3026426A1/fr active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-09-24 WO PCT/FR2015/052554 patent/WO2016046501A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-09-24 US US15/512,897 patent/US20170292317A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-09-24 EP EP15778378.8A patent/EP3198102A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2016046501A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3026426A1 (fr) | 2016-04-01 |
| US20170292317A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
| WO2016046501A1 (fr) | 2016-03-31 |
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