EP3194052A1 - Procédé de dépollution des oxydes d'azote - Google Patents
Procédé de dépollution des oxydes d'azoteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3194052A1 EP3194052A1 EP15751056.1A EP15751056A EP3194052A1 EP 3194052 A1 EP3194052 A1 EP 3194052A1 EP 15751056 A EP15751056 A EP 15751056A EP 3194052 A1 EP3194052 A1 EP 3194052A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- scr
- lnt
- nox
- exhaust gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 158
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the depollution of gases released by diesel engines.
- Diesel engine exhaust gases contain pollutant elements which it is preferable to limit the discharges into the atmosphere. These pollutants emanate from the combustion of diesel fuel by air and generally include nitrogen oxides (commonly referred to as NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned fuel or soot particles.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- CO carbon monoxide
- the exhaust gases leave the engine and, after possibly feeding a turbocharger (now widespread on diesel vehicles), are channeled to an exhaust line.
- a turbocharger now widespread on diesel vehicles
- the gases undergo several treatments by catalysis and filtration so that at least partially extracted certain harmful elements.
- SCR selective catalytic reducer
- Urea is converted to ammonia at a certain temperature close to 180 ° C. Below this temperature, it is not possible to inject urea because the transformation into ammonia will not be done. Motor vehicles therefore release quantities of NOx into the atmosphere when the range of use of the vehicle implies that the exhaust gases are at a temperature below 180 ° C. Moreover, this always happens to the cold start of the vehicle.
- LNT NOx adsorber
- the LNT is located before the SCR so that the gases first pass through the LNT and then the SCR.
- the LNT operates at lower temperatures compared to the SCR.
- LNT adsorbs NOx from 25 ° C.
- the LNT can not adsorb indefinitely.
- the regeneration is done by enriching the air / fuel mixture so that the fuel is present in proportions higher than the air.
- the exhaust gases contain unburned fuel that reacts with NOx. The LNT is thus regenerated.
- the primary catalyst and the LNT are charged with nitrogen oxides and produce ammonia. However, a part of the nitrogen oxides passes through these two devices.
- the SCR is therefore supplied with ammonia produced in the primary catalyst and in the LNT.
- the nitrogen oxides are then removed by the SCR.
- the primary catalyst and the LNT must be discharged.
- the mixture is then enriched and the NOx are detached from the LNT without being removed.
- the SCR then removes NOx from the LNT during the enrichment phase of the mixture.
- LNT nitrogen oxide adsorber
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- SCR selective catalytic reduction gear
- a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas
- the method comprising an additional step of injecting ammonia into the SCR when the quantity of ammonia produced in the LNT is decreed insufficient, the ammonia thus injected being drawn into an auxiliary storage tank containing a reducing agent comprising ammonia.
- ammonia injection the introduction of ammonia into the SCR, whether via a pipe connected to an auxiliary tank of reducing agent and an injector for accurately dosing the amount of ammonia introduced into the exhaust line upstream of the SCR, or introducing ammonia in the SCR by ammonia production in the LNT then introduction of it into the SCR in the flow of exhaust gas (and therefore without a dedicated injector for this mode of supply).
- injection or feed or introduction in a general manner, the introduction via a specific dedicated injector in the exhaust line upstream of the SCT being otherwise specifically precise (in the case of the auxiliary tank reducer).
- upstream or downstream refer throughout the present text in the general sense of displacement of the exhaust gas from the engine outlet to the end of the exhaust line to the outside of the vehicle.
- a reducing agent comprising ammonia relative to the auxiliary reservoir comprises ammonia or other reducing agent or any ammonia precursor agent capable of releasing ammonia, for example by thermal activation. (Urea in liquid form or solid salts of the strontium chloride type in particular). Generically, it is therefore possible to inject ammonia (or a urea-type ammonia precursor) from the auxiliary tank into the exhaust line via a pipe, the injection being controlled by a controlled injector. calculator.
- ammonia or its precursor, as indicated above
- a source other than the LNT improves the pollution control of the exhaust gas. Indeed, when the quantity of ammonia produced in the LNT proves to be insufficient, the SCR has a secondary source of ammonia, and this for the benefit of the depollution.
- the computer determines the quantity of ammonia necessary to charge the SCR, if this necessary quantity is greater than the available quantity produced by the LNT, the computer controls the injection of ammonia from the auxiliary storage tank;
- the computer controls, if it considers necessary, the injection of ammonia into the SCR from the auxiliary tank of storage;
- the LNT when the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than about 220 ° C, the LNT produces ammonia, this ammonia is injected into the SCR according to the estimates of the calculator;
- the computer starts regenerating the LNT by enriching the fuel / oxidant mixture in the engine.
- an exhaust gas treatment device mounted on an exhaust line of a motor vehicle and comprising:
- LNT nitrogen oxide adsorber
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- SCR selective catalytic reduction gear
- the device further comprising an auxiliary storage tank containing a reducing agent comprising ammonia and an auxiliary injection circuit provided with an injector for supplying the SCR from the auxiliary storage tank.
- a motor vehicle comprising a device for treating the exhaust gas, this device being able to operate according to the method as previously described.
- the exhaust gas treatment device 2 comprises:
- an exhaust gas recirculation valve 4 hereinafter referred to as 4 EGR valve for Exhaust Gas Recirculation
- a nitrogen oxide adsorber 5 hereinafter denoted by its acronym LNT 5 for Lean NOx Trap
- SCR 6 selective catalytic reductant 6 for Selective Catalyst Reductor
- a temperature probe (not shown) making it possible to measure the temperature of the exhaust gases.
- the auxiliary injection circuit 8 is provided with an auxiliary injector 11.
- the engine 1 is supplied with diesel fuel.
- the products of combustion contain, at the output of the engine, gases, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and soot particles.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- carbon monoxide carbon monoxide
- soot particles soot particles
- Nitrogen oxides are a particular issue for car manufacturers. NOx emission standards are becoming increasingly restrictive and it is important to eliminate them as much as possible regardless of the use of the vehicle and at any engine speed.
- a portion of the exhaust gas is returned through the valve 4 EGR to the engine 1 to be burned in a new combustion cycle.
- the recirculation of the exhaust gases in the engine 1 makes it possible to eliminate a part of the NOx.
- the non-returned exhaust gases pass through the LNT 5.
- the LNT 5 has a honeycomb structure.
- the material used is a zeolite.
- the nitrogen oxides are trapped by the zeolite.
- LNT 5 is charged with nitrogen oxides, and when its maximum capacity is reached, the LNT 5's ability to trap NOx fades. It is therefore important to regenerate the LNT 5. Typically this operation takes a few seconds, of the order of 4 to 6 seconds.
- the regeneration can take several forms.
- the regeneration is carried out by chemical reaction in the LNT 5.
- the mixture is enriched, that is to say that the amount of fuel in the fuel / oxidant mixture is increased. Therefore, the combustion products advantageously react with NOx in the LNT to form di-nitrogen and ammonia.
- the NOx are transformed and the LNT 5 can again adsorb.
- the zeolite is advantageously coated with a layer of rhodium (Rh).
- the LNT 5 produces in particular ammonia. We will return to the use of this ammonia in the following.
- NOx adsorption is not complete, some of them escape the LNT 5 even when it is not in regeneration mode. These NOx then pass through the SCR 6.
- the internal structure of the SCR 6 also takes the form of a honeycomb, which makes it possible to increase the exchange specific surface area. In this way, the chemical reactions are improved. Ammonia injected into SCR 6 reacts with NOx to form water and di-nitrogen.
- LNT 5 does not produce ammonia at all temperatures. It must reach a temperature of about 220 ° C, otherwise it only adsorb NOx. This is particularly the case during cold start, or in conditions of use at low engine speed.
- the NOx share not captured by the LNT 5 can be eliminated in the SCR 6 because the latter is not powered.
- the chemical reaction between ammonia and NOx is only possible from a temperature of 150 ° C. However, on an exhaust line this temperature is reached quickly.
- the decomposition of urea into ammonia is only possible from a temperature of 180 ° C.
- the temperature of 150 ° C is reached very quickly in the exhaust line, and as previously explained, this temperature allows the reaction between ammonia and NOx.
- the SCR 6 is dimensioned such that every time the engine 1 is turned off, ammonia is stored therein. In this way, at each new start, and when the temperature is above 150 ° C and below 180 ° C ammonia stored during a previous use eliminates NOx not trapped by the LNT.
- the LNT 5 does not produce ammonia.
- the ammonia stored during a previous use in the SCR is at one time totally consumed. The risk then is that NOx escapes from SCR 6.
- SCR 6 is fed, if necessary, with urea. It is recalled that decomposition of urea into ammonia is only possible from 180 ° C.
- the ammonia feed of the SCR is via the auxiliary injection circuit 8, the urea being drawn from the auxiliary storage tank 9.
- the LNT 5 can then produce ammonia again and supply the SCR 6.
- urea is injected into the SCR 6 by the auxiliary injection circuit 8.
- a computer (not shown) to manage the supply of urea and ammonia product.
- the computer controls the filling of the SCR 6, either with ammonia if the LNT has produced enough or in urea if it is not the case.
- the ammonia thus present in the SCR 6 can be used at the next use when the temperature of the exhaust gas is between 150 ° C and 180 ° C.
- the calculator also estimates the ammonia requirements in the SCR 6. Depending on the use made of the vehicle, the calculator estimates the amount of NOx produced. The ammonia injection produced in the LNT 5 is then carried out according to this estimate. The calculator also manages the injection of urea into the SCR 6 when the exhaust gases have reached the temperature of 220 ° C and the ammonia is not produced in sufficient quantity in the LNT. The calculator then compensates for production deficiencies in the LNT by adding urea to the SCR.
- the device 2 and the method thus described only have one aspect of the pollution, namely that of NOx.
- other pollutants such as soot particles
- other elements such as a particulate filter.
- a first advantage of the process is that the use of urea is optimized. In other words, the ammonia does not come solely from the urea reservoir, but is also produced in situ in the LNT. Therefore, urea which is a consumable, is saved.
- a second advantage is that a greater part of NOx is eliminated, especially for transient conditions, namely at startup when the temperature of the exhaust gas is less than 180 ° C.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1458659A FR3025725B1 (fr) | 2014-09-15 | 2014-09-15 | Procede de depollution des oxydes d'azote |
PCT/FR2015/052094 WO2016042224A1 (fr) | 2014-09-15 | 2015-07-28 | Procédé de dépollution des oxydes d'azote |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3194052A1 true EP3194052A1 (fr) | 2017-07-26 |
Family
ID=51842608
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15751056.1A Withdrawn EP3194052A1 (fr) | 2014-09-15 | 2015-07-28 | Procédé de dépollution des oxydes d'azote |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3194052A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3025725B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016042224A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3518398B2 (ja) * | 1999-03-11 | 2004-04-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7213395B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-05-08 | Eaton Corporation | Hybrid catalyst system for exhaust emissions reduction |
WO2008022751A2 (fr) * | 2006-08-19 | 2008-02-28 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | procédé de gestion d'une installation d'épuration des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à essence fonctionnant en conditions pauvres |
EP2503119B1 (fr) | 2009-11-18 | 2015-08-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Système de purification d'émission de gaz échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne |
US8276366B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-10-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Closely coupled exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine having twin turbochargers |
-
2014
- 2014-09-15 FR FR1458659A patent/FR3025725B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-07-28 WO PCT/FR2015/052094 patent/WO2016042224A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-07-28 EP EP15751056.1A patent/EP3194052A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2016042224A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3025725B1 (fr) | 2019-05-24 |
FR3025725A1 (fr) | 2016-03-18 |
WO2016042224A1 (fr) | 2016-03-24 |
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