EP3193124A1 - Échangeurs de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeurs de chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3193124A1
EP3193124A1 EP17150118.2A EP17150118A EP3193124A1 EP 3193124 A1 EP3193124 A1 EP 3193124A1 EP 17150118 A EP17150118 A EP 17150118A EP 3193124 A1 EP3193124 A1 EP 3193124A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
flow channels
heat exchanger
channels
flow area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17150118.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Brian St. Rock
Andrzej E. Kuczek
Joseph Turney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Publication of EP3193124A1 publication Critical patent/EP3193124A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/006—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/18—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes sintered

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to heat exchangers, more specifically to more thermally efficient heat exchangers.
  • a heat exchanger includes a body made of polymer, a plurality of first flow channels defined in the body, and a plurality of second flow channels defined in the body.
  • the second flow channels fluidly isolated from the first flow channels.
  • the first flow channels and second flow channels are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • the first and/or second flow channels can include a changing flow area along a length of the body.
  • the changing flow area can increase a first flow area toward a first flow outlet of the heat exchanger.
  • the changing flow area can decrease a second flow area toward the first flow outlet as the first flow area increases.
  • the first and/or second flow channels can include a changing flow area shape.
  • the changing flow area shape can include a first polygonal flow area at a first flow inlet which transitions to a second polygonal flow area having more sides at a first flow outlet.
  • the changing flow area shape can include a first polygonal flow area at a second flow inlet which transitions to a second polygonal flow area having more sides at a second flow outlet.
  • the hot and second flow channels can include a rhombus shape such that all surfaces form primary heat transfer surfaces wherein each surface includes a hot side defining a portion of a first flow channel and a cold side defining a portion of a second flow channel.
  • the first and/or second flow channels can include at least one of a hexagonal shape or an octagonal shape.
  • the first and/or second flow channels can include a rectilinear shape, a polygonal shape, or any other suitable shape.
  • a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger can include forming a body out of polymer to include a plurality of first flow channels and a plurality of second flow channels such that the second flow channels are fluidly isolated from the first flow channels, and such that the first flow channels and second flow channels are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Forming the heat exchanger can include additively manufacturing the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1A an illustrative view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger in accordance with the disclosure is shown in Fig. 1A and is designated generally by reference character 100.
  • FIGs. 1B-4 Other embodiments and/or aspects of this disclosure are shown in Figs. 1B-4 .
  • the systems and methods described herein can be used to reduce weight and/or increase performance of heat transfer systems.
  • a heat exchanger 100 includes a body 101, a plurality of first flow channels, e.g., hot flow channels 103 as described herein, defined in the body 101, and a plurality of second flow channels, e.g., cold flow channels 105 defined in the body 101. While hot flow channels 103 and the cold flow channels 105 are described with respect to a relative temperature of flow therein, it is contemplated that the hot flow channels 103 can be used for cold flow and vice versa, or any other suitable arrangement.
  • the cold flow channels 105 are fluidly isolated from the hot flow channels 103. At least one of the hot flow channels 103 or the cold flow channels 105 can include a changing characteristic along a length of the body 101. However, it is contemplated that the flow channels 103, 105 can have constant characteristics along the length of the body 101.
  • the hot flow channels 103 and the cold flow channels 105 can be utilized in a counterflow arrangement such that cold flow and hot flow are routed through the heat exchanger 100 in opposing directions. Also, as shown, the hot flow channels 103 and the cold flow channels can be arranged such that hot and cold channels 103, 105 alternate (e.g., in a checkerboard pattern as shown).
  • the flow channel 103, 105 can include shapes such as one or more of rhombuses, hexagons, and octagons. However, while the flow channels 103, 105 are shown as polygons, the shapes need not be polygonal or rectilinear. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, polygonal shapes can be described using the four parameters as described below. In Fig. 1D , the four parameters are shown. As shown, the full width A and height B are always greater than zero. The secondary width C and height D can be zero up to the full width and height.
  • a heat exchanger 200 can include elliptical flow channels 203 and/or non-elliptical flow channels 205 (e.g., rounded cross shaped) defined in body 201.
  • one or more flow channels 103, 105 can include changing characteristics.
  • the changing characteristics can include a changing flow area.
  • the changing flow area can increase a hot flow area toward a hot flow outlet of the heat exchanger 100 (e.g., as shown in transitioning from Fig. 1A, through Fig. 1B , to Fig. 1C ).
  • the changing flow area can decrease a cold flow area toward the hot flow outlet as the hot flow area increases (which may be a function of the increasing hot flow area in order to maintain total area of the body 101). It is contemplated that one or more of the hot flow channels 103 or the cold flow channels 105 may maintain a constant flow area or change in any other suitable manner.
  • the changing characteristic of the hot and/or cold flow channels 103, 105 can include a changing flow area shape.
  • the changing flow area shape can include a first polygonal flow area at a hot flow inlet (e.g., a rhombus as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B ) which transitions to a second polygonal flow area having more sides at a hot flow outlet (e.g., a hexagon as shown in Fig. 3 ).
  • the changing flow area shape can include a first polygonal flow area at a cold flow inlet (e.g., a rhombus as shown in Figs.
  • a second polygonal flow area having more sides at a cold flow outlet e.g., a hexagon as shown in Fig. 1A .
  • a cold flow outlet e.g., a hexagon as shown in Fig. 1A .
  • Any other suitable changing shape along a length of the body 101 is contemplated herein (e.g., any desired change of A, B, C, and/or D as shown in Fig. 1D ).
  • the body 101 can be made of metal and/or any other suitable material.
  • the body 101 can be made of a polymer (e.g., plastic) or other suitable insulator material.
  • a polymer e.g., plastic
  • One having ordinary skill in the art would not endeavor to use polymer as most polymers are considered thermal insulators, and, thus, the use of polymer is counter-intuitive for heat exchanger material.
  • secondary surfaces e.g., surfaces where heat must travel through more material than the thickness of the walls
  • polymer can be utilized, especially in thin-walled applications, because the conduction path through the polymer (e.g., plastic) is very short in certain embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a body 301 is shown having a non-checkered scheme (e.g., a planar alignment scheme as is typical in plate-fin heat exchangers).
  • a non-checkered scheme e.g., a planar alignment scheme as is typical in plate-fin heat exchangers.
  • Secondary heat conduction path (b) travels a much longer path through the material of body 301, which causes an efficiency loss.
  • Fig. 3 a non-checkered scheme
  • the hot and cold flow channels 103, 105 can include a suitable shape (e.g., a rhombus shape as shown) such that all surfaces form primary heat transfer surfaces wherein each surface includes a hot side defining a portion of a hot flow channel 103 and a cold side defining a portion of a cold flow channel 105. It is contemplated that other shapes (e.g., as described above) can be used with a polymer body 101, however, the minimizing secondary heat transfer surfaces can improve the thermal efficiency.
  • a suitable shape e.g., a rhombus shape as shown
  • the heat exchanger 100 can include any suitable header (not shown) configured to connect the hot flow channels 103 to a hot flow source (not shown) while isolating the hot flow channels 103 from the cold flow channels 105.
  • the header may be formed monolithically with the body 101 of the heat exchanger 100 or otherwise suitably attached to cause the hot flow channels 103 to converge together and/or to cause the cold flow channels 105 to converge together.
  • a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger 100 includes forming a body 101 to include a plurality of hot flow channels 103 and a plurality of cold flow channels such that the cold flow channels 105 are fluidly isolated from the hot flow channels 103, and such that at least one of the hot flow channels 103 or the cold flow channels 105 have a changing characteristic along a length of the body 101.
  • Forming the heat exchanger 100 can include additively manufacturing the heat exchanger 100 using any suitable method (e.g., powder bed fusion, electron beam melting, polymer deposition).
  • Embodiments of this disclosure can allow maximization of primary surface area for heat exchange while allowing flexibility to increase or decrease the ratio of hot side to cold side flow area. Being able to change the relative amount of flow area on each side of the heat exchanger is necessary to fully utilize the pressure drop available on each side.
  • Embodiments as described above allow for enhanced control of flow therethrough, a reduction of pressure drop, control of thermal stresses, easier integration with a system, and reduced volume and weight. Unlike conventional multi-layer sandwich cores, embodiments as described above allow for channel size adjustment for better impedance match across the core.
  • the core e.g., body 101
  • the material can be distributed to optimize heat exchange and minimize structural stresses, thus minimizing the weight. Bending stresses generated by high pressure difference between cold and hot side are greatly reduced by adjusting curvature of the walls and appropriately sized corner fillets. Such solution reduces weight, stress, and material usage since the material distribution can be optimized and since the material works in tension instead of bending.
  • the certain embodiments can be additively manufactured (e.g., printed) as one piece out of polymer.
  • Polymer as a heat exchanger material can offer a significant weight and cost benefit, and the drawbacks of using polymer (e.g., due to low thermal conductivity) can be significantly reduced through improving the heat conduction path (e.g., via the checkerboard pattern/reduction of secondary heat transfer surfaces of flow channels 103, 105 as described above).
  • the conductive resistance of certain embodiments even though made out of polymer, has negligible effect on performance and allows dramatic weight and cost savings.
  • the resistance through a primary surface made of polymer will generally be smaller than the convective resistance between the walls and fluids so that the thermal conductivity of the polymer has little impact on the overall performance of the heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP17150118.2A 2016-01-13 2017-01-03 Échangeurs de chaleur Withdrawn EP3193124A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/994,634 US20170198979A1 (en) 2016-01-13 2016-01-13 Heat exchangers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3193124A1 true EP3193124A1 (fr) 2017-07-19

Family

ID=57714512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17150118.2A Withdrawn EP3193124A1 (fr) 2016-01-13 2017-01-03 Échangeurs de chaleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20170198979A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3193124A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11371780B2 (en) 2018-06-26 2022-06-28 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger with integral features
US10995997B2 (en) 2018-06-26 2021-05-04 Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation Heat exchanger with integral features
US11333438B2 (en) 2018-06-26 2022-05-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger with water extraction
US10955200B2 (en) 2018-07-13 2021-03-23 General Electric Company Heat exchangers having a three-dimensional lattice structure with baffle cells and methods of forming baffles in a three-dimensional lattice structure of a heat exchanger
US11213923B2 (en) 2018-07-13 2022-01-04 General Electric Company Heat exchangers having a three-dimensional lattice structure with a rounded unit cell entrance and methods of forming rounded unit cell entrances in a three-dimensional lattice structure of a heat exchanger
US10816282B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2020-10-27 Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation Fluid flow management assembly for heat exchanger
US11306979B2 (en) * 2018-12-05 2022-04-19 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger riblet and turbulator features for improved manufacturability and performance
US11022373B2 (en) * 2019-01-08 2021-06-01 Meggitt Aerospace Limited Heat exchangers and methods of making the same
US11725889B1 (en) * 2019-02-26 2023-08-15 National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc Refractory high entropy alloy compact heat exchanger
EP3760962B1 (fr) * 2019-07-05 2023-08-30 UTC Aerospace Systems Wroclaw Sp. z o.o. Échangeur de chaleur
EP3809087B1 (fr) 2019-10-18 2022-04-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Échangeur de chaleur
US11802736B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-10-31 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Annular heat exchanger
US11662150B2 (en) 2020-08-13 2023-05-30 General Electric Company Heat exchanger having curved fluid passages for a gas turbine engine
US11555659B2 (en) 2020-12-18 2023-01-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Multi-scale heat exchanger core
NL2030307B1 (en) * 2021-12-27 2023-07-03 Stichting Het Nederlands Kanker Inst Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis Heat and moisture exchanger
GB2624906A (en) * 2022-11-30 2024-06-05 Bae Systems Plc Heat exchanger

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994010520A1 (fr) * 1992-11-05 1994-05-11 Level Energietechniek B.V. Echangeur de chaleur
WO2011115883A2 (fr) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-22 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Géométrie d'échangeur thermique doté d'un rendement élevé
US20130264031A1 (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-10 James F. Plourde Heat exchanger with headering system and method for manufacturing same

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US910192A (en) * 1906-04-27 1909-01-19 Philippe Jules Grouvelle Tube.
NO321805B1 (no) * 2001-10-19 2006-07-03 Norsk Hydro As Fremgangsmate og anordning for a lede to gasser inn og ut av kanalene i en flerkanals monolittenhet.
JP5966637B2 (ja) * 2012-06-07 2016-08-10 株式会社Ihi マイクロリアクタ
US11243030B2 (en) * 2016-01-13 2022-02-08 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchangers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994010520A1 (fr) * 1992-11-05 1994-05-11 Level Energietechniek B.V. Echangeur de chaleur
WO2011115883A2 (fr) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-22 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Géométrie d'échangeur thermique doté d'un rendement élevé
US20130264031A1 (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-10 James F. Plourde Heat exchanger with headering system and method for manufacturing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170198979A1 (en) 2017-07-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3193124A1 (fr) Échangeurs de chaleur
US11965699B2 (en) Heat exchangers
EP3193116A1 (fr) Échangeurs thermiques
EP3193122B1 (fr) Échangeurs thermiques
EP3239642B1 (fr) Échangeurs thermiques
US10584922B2 (en) Heat exchanges with installation flexibility
EP2151653B1 (fr) Échangeur thermique à micro-canaux
JP6893925B2 (ja) 積層型ヒートシンクのコア
US20110226448A1 (en) Heat exchanger having winding channels
US11788805B2 (en) Self-regulating heat exchanger
KR101991560B1 (ko) 열 교환기 및 열 교환 방법
EP3196582B1 (fr) Échangeur de chaleur avec transfert de chaleur amélioré
EP3222956A1 (fr) Échangeurs thermiques
US12117250B2 (en) Heat exchanger with variable cross sectional flow path areas
JP2008082672A (ja) 熱交換器
US10605544B2 (en) Heat exchanger with interleaved passages
US20190360758A1 (en) Water heat exchanger

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20180120