EP3189208B1 - Procédé et appareil de commande d'un outil de fond de trou - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de commande d'un outil de fond de trou Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3189208B1
EP3189208B1 EP15766188.5A EP15766188A EP3189208B1 EP 3189208 B1 EP3189208 B1 EP 3189208B1 EP 15766188 A EP15766188 A EP 15766188A EP 3189208 B1 EP3189208 B1 EP 3189208B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
downhole
rfid tag
data
controlling
pressure pulse
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EP15766188.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3189208A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthew David KNIGHT
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Weatherford Technology Holdings LLC
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Weatherford Technology Holdings LLC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/26—Storing data down-hole, e.g. in a memory or on a record carrier
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/08—Screens or liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E21B47/07—Temperature
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/01—Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a downhole tool in a well, and relates to a method of transmitting instructions to control a downhole tool in a well and more specifically but not exclusively results in multiplexing between the outputs of at least two downhole sensors, one of which is preferably an RFID tag reader and another of which is preferably a downhole fluid pressure sensor.
  • a method of controlling a downhole tool in a well with a downhole processing device according to claim 1.
  • the first and second timing operations determine when the stored data received from the RFID tag reader and downhole fluid pressure pulse sensor is checked.
  • the downhole processing device is triggered to check the data storage device when the first timing operation underflows or resets from zero to a pre-determined value that the timing operation will then count down to zero from.
  • the pre-determined value for the first timing operation is a relatively short predetermined value (relative to the second timing operation).
  • the downhole processing device is triggered to check the data storage device when the second timing operation underflows or resets from zero to a pre-determined value that the timing operation will then count down to zero from.
  • the first and second pre-determined values are stored in a memory storage device and are provided to the respective first and second timing operations upon initiation of the downhole processing device.
  • the first timing operation comprises a timed event including a repeating countdown from the pre-determined time value to zero wherein said timed event is repeated at least once.
  • the second timing operation comprises a timed event including a repeating countdown from the pre-determined time value to zero wherein said timed event is repeated at least once.
  • the point at which said timed event resets from zero to the said pre-determined time value comprises an underflow trigger which triggers the checking of the stored data received from the respective RFID tag reader and downhole fluid pressure pulse sensor.
  • the downhole processing device stores data if instructed to do so during predetermined time intervals determined by the first and second timing operations.
  • the downhole processing device is pre-programmed to recognise flags represented by said stored data and/or trends within the stored data and is adapted to act upon said flags or said trends to for example instruct a downhole tool to actuate.
  • Embodiments of the present invention have the advantage that they effectively enable multiplexing between the outputs of an RFID tag reader and a downhole fluid pressure pulse sensor.
  • the first and second timing operations comprise selectively actuable respective first and second interrupt service routines.
  • the term “wellbore” refers to a wellbore or borehole being provided or drilled in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
  • the wellbore may be 'open hole' or 'cased', being lined with a tubular string. Reference to up or down will be made for purposes of description with the terms “above”, “up”, “upward”, “upper” or “upstream” meaning away from the bottom of the wellbore along the longitudinal axis of a work string and “below”, “down”, “downward”, “lower” or “downstream” meaning toward the bottom of the wellbore along the longitudinal axis of the work string.
  • 'work string' refers to any tubular arrangement for conveying fluids and/or tools from a surface into a wellbore. In the present invention, production tubing is the preferred work string.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show a well drilled into a formation 10.
  • the well has a vertical portion 12, a horizontal portion 18, a heel 14 at the transition between the vertical portion 12 and the horizontal portion 18, and a toe 16 located at an end of the horizontal portion 18.
  • the well is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 having tubing 42 such as production tubing 42 or work string 42 or wash pipe 42 inserted therein.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are not to scale and that the horizontal portion 18 of the well may be many hundreds of metres or several kilometres long.
  • embodiments of the present invention to be described in detail subsequently are not limited to use only in horizontal wells but could be used in vertical wells or inclined wells that pass through the production zone at any angle.
  • the production tubing 42 is formed from a plurality of individual pipe lengths that are interconnected and sealed to form continuous hollow tubing.
  • the production tubing 42 can also incorporate other downhole devices and porting as appropriate.
  • embodiments of the present invention to be described in detail subsequently are not limited to use with production tubing 42 but could instead be used during the well completion process and particularly could be used when fracturing a well (also known as fracking or fracing/frac'ing) in which case the production tubing 42 shown in Fig. 1 would be replaced by work string or wash pipe 42 carrying one or more packers (not shown to isolate the section of the well to be frac'ed.
  • the production tubing 42 incorporates several downhole processing apparatus in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention in the form of downhole control devices 44 spaced at various points along the production tubing 42.
  • Each control device 44 is located in close proximity to a respective port 26 which forms an aperture through the sidewall of the production tubing 42 and which can be opened or closed by a respective downhole tool 100 incorporating a moveable sleeve 100 as will be detailed subsequently but it should be noted that the moveable sleeve 100 and associated port 26 could be replaced by a different sort of downhole tool 100 (that may or may not be associated with a port 26) that requires to be operated by an operator.
  • a respective downhole device 44a, 44b, 44c is associated with each port 26a, 26b, 26c.
  • the control devices 44 are shown incorporated in part of a sand screen 24 although it should be noted that the sand screen 24 is not essential and may or may not be included in the tubing 42 around the respective port 26, particularly if the wellbore is not prone to sand ingress.
  • each control device 44 is connected to and is capable of controlling a respective downhole tool 100 comprising a controllable and moveable sleeve 100 which covers a respective port 26 and again each sleeve is consecutively denoted 100a, 100b, 100c from the heel 14 to the toe 16 of the well.
  • the sleeves 100a, 100b, 100c are selectively controllable (by the respective control device 44 as will be detailed subsequently) to move between the first configuration shown in Fig.1 in which they are covering and thereby obturating the ports 26a, 26b and 26c respectively (thus preventing fluid flow through the ports 26a, 26b and 26c between the throughbore 40 of the production tubing 42 and the annulus 43 of the wellbore), and the second configuration shown in Fig.1 in which the sleeves 100a, 100b, 100c have been moved away from and have therefore uncovered the ports 26a, 26b and 26c respectively (thus permitting fluid communication and therefore fluid flow through the ports 26a, 26b and 26c between the throughbore 40 of the production tubing 42 and the annulus 43 of the wellbore).
  • downhole tool 100 other forms could be controlled by embodiments of control device 44 in accordance with the present invention.
  • control device 44 any number (i.e. a plurality) of downhole tools 100 (which may be downhole sleeves or other forms of downhole tool 100) could be controlled by the one control device 44 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the production tubing 42 has a closed end and orifices 26d are provided adjacent the closed end.
  • a sleeve 100d is provided to selectively obturate the orifices 26d at the toe 16 of the well.
  • the sleeve 100d is shown as it will be positioned when the production tubing 42 is run in, with the orifices 26d in fluid communication with the annulus surrounding the production tubing 42. However, it could be that all the orifices 26 are run into the wellbore in the closed position.
  • FIG. 3 An embodiment of a downhole control device 44 in accordance with the present invention is shown in Fig. 3 .
  • a Micro Controller Unit (MCU) 202 which may be in the form of an integrated chip mounted on an integrated circuit board.
  • the MCU 202 is powered by a suitable power source which is optionally a battery 66 which outputs a DC voltage which may be in the region of 22 volts (but other voltages could be output) and which is supplied to the MCU 202 via suitable power conditioning unit 204.
  • the power conditioning unit 204 typically supplies the specifically required voltage to the MCU 202 (typically 3.3 volts) and optionally can also supply the specifically required voltage (typically 5 volts) for other components that require power in the downhole device 44.
  • the MCU 202 optionally comprises a small form computer having a memory or data storage facility (not separately shown), a microprocessor for processing data (not separately shown), a clock that provides the ability for the MCU 202 to perform at least one or more timing operation(s) (not separately shown) and data input/output connections (205, 59, 211, 212).
  • each downhole device 44 comprises an RFID reader 60 which in turn comprises an antenna 62.
  • a preferred antenna 62 is disclosed in WO2009/050518 to Petrowell Limited of Aberdeen, UK.
  • the antenna 62 itself is optionally cylindrical and has a bore extending longitudinally therethrough and is arranged to be is accommodated co-axially within the tubing 42.
  • the inner surface of the antenna 62 may be flush with an inner surface of the adjacent production tubing 42 so that there is no restriction in the throughbore 40 in the region of the antenna 62.
  • the antenna 62 optionally comprises an inner liner and a coiled conductor in the form of a length of copper wire that is concentrically wound around the inner liner in a helical coaxial manner.
  • Insulating material optionally separates the coiled conductor from the recessed portion (not shown) of the sub in which the antenna is co-axially arranged within, in the radial direction.
  • the liner and insulating material are formed from a non-magnetic and non-conductive material such as resin, fibreglass, rubber or the like.
  • the antenna 62 is formed such that the insulating material and coiled conductor are sealed from the outer environment and the throughbore 40.
  • the antenna 62 may be in the region of 1 metre or less in length and more preferably is in the region of 40 cm in length.
  • RFID reader 60 comprising an RFID antenna 62 is optionally provided within the downhole device 44 in a manner similar to the RFID reader disclosed in WO2009/050518 to Petrowell Limited of Aberdeen, UK but the RFID reader 60 and associated RFID antenna 62 could be provided as part of a separate downhole tool or sub-tool.
  • the RFID reader 60 and associated RFID antenna 62 is connected to a power and data input/output 59 of the MCU 202 via suitable wiring such that the MCU 202 can both power the RFID reader 60 and/or supply data to the RFID reader 60 that as will be described can be used to charge up and then transmit data to a passing RFID tag or can read data from a passing RFID tag and transmit that data to the MCU 202 via the data input 59.
  • a pressure transducer sensor 210 is connected to a data input 211 of the MCU 202 via suitable wiring with suitable signal conditioning 213 therebetween and, as will be described in more detail subsequently, the pressure transducer is arranged in the downhole device 44 such that it can sense the pressure of downhole fluid surrounding the downhole device 44 and supply the associated data about the pressure reading it takes to the MCU 202 either on an automatic basis or more preferably on a controlled basis when requested by the MCU 202 to do so.
  • a controllable electrical power output 205 of the MCU 202 is connected to a motor drive 206 via suitable wiring and which when operated will mechanically drive a pump 208 to pump hydraulic fluid to do the desired work (such as open a sleeve 100) assuming that a spool valve 215 is aligned in the appropriate configuration as will now be described.
  • a further controllable electrical power output 212 of the MCU 202 is connected to a second motor drive 214 via suitable wiring and which (when operated by the MCU 202) will mechanically drive a spool valve 215 which can be arranged to move or translate between at least two positions or configurations.
  • the spool valve has a first position or configuration in which the hydraulic output of the pump 208 is not in fluid communication with the sleeve 100 and therefore the hydraulic fluid is prevented from moving downhole sleeve 100.
  • the spool valve 215 has a second position or configuration in which the hydraulic output of the pump 208 is in fluid communication with the sleeve 100 and therefore the hydraulic fluid output by the pump 208 (if the latter is actuated by the MCU 202) is permitted to flow to the downhole tool 100 such that it does the desired work (such as open the sleeve 100).
  • the MCU 202 may additionally provide a further timing operation (not shown) so that once either the RFID antenna 62 or the pressure transducer 210 have read a signal that corresponds to an actuation command for actuating e.g. the sleeve 100 (by means of the pump 208 and spool valve 215), the actual step of actuation can be carried out at a predetermined time interval after the signal/command is received.
  • a suitable sliding sleeve 100 and a suitable sub containing ports 26 are disclosed in WO2009/050518 to Petrowell Limited of Aberdeen, UK.
  • RFID tags for use in conjunction with the antenna 62 described above can be those produced by Texas Instruments such as a 32mm glass transponder with the model number RI-TRP-WRZB-20 suitably modified for use downhole.
  • the tags should be hermetically sealed and capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures. Glass or ceramic tags are preferable and should be able to withstand pressure of 20 000 psi (138 MPa). Oil filled tags are also well suited to use downhole, as they have a good collapse rating. The skilled person will realise however that other suitable RFID tags can be used.
  • the tubing 42 Prior to being run into the well, the tubing 42 is made up incorporating a plurality of downhole devices 44.
  • the devices 44 may be located spaced apart along the tubing string 42 so that once run in, they will be positioned adjacent areas of the formation 10 that contain hydrocarbon reservoirs of interest.
  • the tubing 42 is run downhole into the position shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the sleeves 100a, 100b, 100c of each of the downhole devices 44 are in the closed position, in which the sleeve 100 substantially obturates the respective ports 26, except for orifices 26d positioned at the end of the tubing 42.
  • the sleeve 100d is in the second open configuration in which the orifices 26d are in fluid communication with the annulus surrounding the tubing 42.
  • the skilled person will realise that other suitable running in configurations can be used.
  • kill fluid is then pumped downhole into the well.
  • the kill fluid is optionally a high density mud that substantially restricts egress of reservoir fluids out of the formation 10 and into the tubing 42 or the annulus surrounding the tubing 42.
  • the sleeves 100a, 100b, 100c remain in the first closed position in Fig. 2 with the ports substantially obturated while the kill fluid is pumped downhole. Since the sleeves 100a, 100b, 100c obturate the respective ports 26a, 26b, 26c, there is no access to the annulus from the throughbore 40 until the end open orifices 26d are reached at the toe 14 of the well.
  • the power on stage of the MCU 202 is shown as START 300 in Fig. 4 .
  • the MCU 202 may be powered on at stage START 300 at the surface of the well prior to the downhole device 44 being run into the well 12 or it could be powered on by a separate timer system switching the MCU 202 on after a particular time has lapsed or indeed could be switched on by a suitable switching device for a downhole tool such as that disclosed in WO2009/109788 to Petrowell Limited of Aberdeen, UK.
  • a first timing operation referred to as TIMER 1 is initiated at stage 302 and that loads a start value (for example 16 milliseconds) from a predetermined register stored in suitable non-volatile memory (not shown separately) associated with the MCU 202.
  • a start value for example 16 milliseconds
  • That start value of for example 16 ms which is delivered to TIMER 1 at stage 302 could however be changed for instance by data that is transmitted from the switching device that is disclosed in WO2009/109788 to Petrowell Limited of Aberdeen, UK.
  • TIMER 2 a second timing operation referred to as TIMER 2 is initiated at stage 304 and a start value, for example 10 seconds, is loaded into TIMER 2 from non-volatile memory.
  • a third timing operation referred to as TIMER 3 is thereafter initiated at stage 306 and is provided with a load start value which could be for a longer period such as many days, weeks or even months.
  • each TIMER 1, 2 and 3 is associated with a separate task and, as will be described subsequently in more detail, in this example those tasks are as follows:-
  • the MCU 202 then enters an endless loop at return point or stage 312.
  • the first stage of the endless loop comprises a step "LOOK FOR USER INTERVENTION” noted as 308 in Fig. 4 .
  • This stage 308 is particularly useful if the downhole device 44 starts (at START stage 300 in Fig. 4 ) with none of INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES (ISR) 1, 2 or 3 enabled, as will be discussed in detail subsequently. If this is the case, then the MCU 202 will look at the "LOOK FOR USER INTERVENTION" stage 308 for separate specific instructions from the user or operator of the downhole device 44 and such separate specific instructions can be transmitted by means of a separate data transmission device such as the switching device for a downhole tool disclosed in WO2009/109788 to Petrowell Limited.
  • ISR INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES
  • stage 310 of "DO WORK" which entails the MCU 202 looking at its associated memory buffer for valid flags. If valid flags are present in the associated memory buffer then the MCU 202 will suspend looking for the interrupt created by the ISR 1, ISR 2 or ISR 3 (as will be detailed subsequently) and will do whatever the valid flag instructions instruct (i.e. open downhole sleeve 100B for example).
  • the MCU 202 Once the MCU 202 has completed the "DO WORK” stage 310, the MCU 202 returns to return/entry point 312 and then starts the endless loop again by proceeding to step "LOOK FOR USER INTERVENTION” 308.
  • the MCU 202 is provided with an INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE (ISR) for each of the timing operations TIMER 1 (302), TIMER 2 (304) or TIMER 3 (306).
  • ISR INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE
  • the interrupt service routines ISR 1 (350), ISR 2 (400) and ISR 3 (450) can each store flags in the memory buffer associated with the MCU 202 and in doing so can instruct the MCU 202 to do different work at stage DO WORK 310 depending upon the instructions sent from the surface by the operator of the downhole device 44 (and in the case of ISR 3 will instruct the MCU 202 to do the pre-determined contingency action without needing a specific signal to be sent from the surface by the operator of the downhole device 44).
  • Fig. 5 shows INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE (ISR) 1 (350) and which is associated with stage INITIATE TIMER 1 (302) of Fig. 4 .
  • ISR INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE
  • stage INITIATE TIMER 1 (302) loads a start value of 16 milliseconds into TIMER 1 and TIMER 1 counts down to zero seconds and when TIMER 1 reaches zero seconds, it then resets back to its start value of 16 milliseconds and counts down again to zero seconds and this countdown is repeated until the downhole device 44 is switched off or the battery 66 runs out of power.
  • ISR 1 (350) is arranged to observe when TIMER 1 (302) underflows and such an underflow condition is when TIMER 1 (302) reaches zero and then resets back to 16 milliseconds.
  • stage 352 turns off the charge that is applied to the RFID antenna 62 (the antenna 62 having previously been charged).
  • the next stage is "LISTEN FOR TAG" 354 in which the RFID reader 60 monitors the output of the RFID antenna 62 and observes whether or not an RFID tag (not shown) is present within the RFID antenna 62, the RFID tag (not shown) having been dropped into the fluid being pumped down the throughbore 40 of the production tubing 42 at the surface of the well by the operator.
  • Stages 352 and 354 combined together take approximately 2 milliseconds and therefore mean that the RFID antenna 62 is not supplied with power from the battery 66 for those two milliseconds and therefore have the great advantage that that battery power 66 is saved for those two milliseconds.
  • the RFID antenna 62 will be switched on after stage 354 has completed (i.e. after two milliseconds has passed) that means that there is an approximate 12.5% saving in the amount of power used by the RFID antenna 62 (considering that the RFID antenna 62 will be switched on for the remaining 14 milliseconds of the 16 millisecond cycle associated with TIMER 1 (302)).
  • Interrupt Service routine ISR 1 then moves to the next stage, "DECODE TAG" stage 356. If an RFID tag (not shown) was present within the RFID antenna 62 and was detected by the RFID reader 60, the MCU 202 will store a valid flag in its associated memory buffer along with the data transmitted by the RFID tag and received by the RFID reader 60 at the "DECODE TAG" stage 356.
  • the interrupt service routine ISR 1 (350) then moves to the "RETURN TO MAIN PROCESS" stage 358 (and hence in essence the MCU can be considered as having completed that routine ISR 1 until TIMER 1 underflows again at which point ISR 1 (305) (assuming it is enabled) will be commended again).
  • ISR 1 (350) will run again and interrupt service routine ISR 1 (350) is repeated on the next underflow of TIMER 1 (and that will repeat each time TIMER 1 underflows).
  • ISR 1 (350) can be switched/enabled on or off by an enable or disable routine 351 and the enable or disable routine 351 is also controlled by the MCU 202 and can be switched between enable or disable by instructions received from the surface by the operator transmitting data containing those instructions.
  • Interrupt service routine ISR 2 (400) is shown in Fig. 6 and is associated with and operated by TIMER 2 (304). Upon power up of the downhole device at stage 300 in Fig.
  • TIMER 2 (304) is initially loaded with a start value of for example 10 seconds and TIMER 2 counts down from 10 seconds to zero and upon underflow wraps back round to its loaded start value of 10 seconds and that countdown, underflow and reset process repeats continuously.
  • ISR 2 (400) monitors for when TIMER 2 underflows and at that point ISR 2 (400) moves to its next stage of "TAKE PRESSURE READING" 402 and which takes a pressure reading from the pressure transducer 210 where the pressure transducer 210 provides a reading of the downhole fluid pressure at its location. That pressure reading is provided to stage 404 "RUN MATH CALCULATION" at which point the MCU 202 compares the pressure reading taken at stage 402 with at least the immediately previous pressure reading and calculates the change in pressure (that is it calculates the difference in the two pressure values) and also calculates if that change is positive or negative and that information is stored in the MCU's 202 memory buffer.
  • ISR 2 (400) then moves to the next stage of "RETURN TO MAIN PROCESS" 406.
  • the MCU 202 will therefore monitor and look for any valid flag that has been presented into its memory buffer by the ISR 2 (400) and if so will do the work that is associated with that valid flag and with the earlier stored pressure reading information, by comparing it against stored instructions so that the MCU 202 can then determine if an instruction has been sent and if so what that instruction means, during its "DO WORK" stage 310.
  • operation of the MCU 202 will result in a pressure reading being taken and stored every 10 seconds and that will enable an operator at the surface to pressure pulse the downhole fluid and in a matter of minutes will enable the operator to transmit instructions to the MCU 202 because the MCU 202 has been previously provided with a set of instructions to store within its non-volatile memory to for example open sliding sleeve 100C if there is a particular series of pressure changes (for example, a relatively high pressure followed by a relatively low pressure repeated 3 times) within a particular time scale (for example 12 minutes).
  • the ISR 2 (400) can be enabled or disabled by switch 401 such that the ISR 2 (400) could for instance be disabled by an instruction sent from the surface by the operator by means of pressure pulsing (in that it can be instructed to switch itself off) or indeed such a signal could be transmitted from the surface by the operator by another transmission means or mechanism, e.g. by RFID tag that can be detected by ISR 1 (350) (assuming ISR 1 is enabled at that point in time by its switch 351).
  • ISR 3 (450) is shown in Fig. 7 and is associated with and operated by TIMER 3 (306).
  • TIMER 3 (306) is initialised when the downhole device 44 is powered on START 300 and is loaded with a start value which could be a much longer period of time such as days, weeks or even months and ISR 3 (450) will again monitor the underflow of TIMER 3 and once it detects that underflow it will move to stage 452 "DO CONTINGENCY ACTION" which could be for example to open all downhole sleeves 100.
  • stage 452 has been completed, ISR 3 will move to stage 454 "RETURN TO MAIN PROCESS".
  • ISR 3 (450) can again be enabled or disabled via switch 451 and therefore if the operator does not wish to allow ISR 3 (450) to operate, the operator can send a signal from the surface to the downhole device 44 to disable ISR 3 (450) via switch 451.
  • the MCU 202 will give the appearance of looking for both pressure pulsing (via ISR 2 (400)) and also RFID tags (via ISR 1 (350)) concurrently but in actual fact is multi-plexing between the two different transmission mechanism because it is running ISR 1 (350) and ISR 2 (400) in parallel but looks for the valid flags in its memory register in series.
  • the ISR 1 (350) is likely to be switched off via its enable or disable switch 351 for a significant amount of time that the downhole device 44 is in use because operating and powering the RFID antenna 62 uses approximately 10 times the amount of power that is used by the pressure pulse detection method operated by ISR 2 (400). Accordingly, it is likely in practice that the operator will use ISR 2 (400) to send instructions via pressure pulsing to the MCU 202 to switch on ISR 1 (350) by switching on its enable or disable switch 351 (RFID tags being able to contain a lot more data and also can transmit that data at a much higher data burst rate than can be sent via the relatively slow data rate of the pressure pulse method).
  • the completion that is shown in Fig. 1 could be run in with all the downhole tools 100 closed and with ISR 1 (350) switched off via its switch 351.
  • the operator could then send pressure pulses with a particular code that is detected by the pressure transducer 210 and decoded by the MCU 202 and that code could for instance instruct the MCU 202 during its DO WORK stage 310 to switch on enable switch 351 immediately (or could instruct ISR 1 (350) to switch on in a number X of hours time) and could also instruct ISR 1 (350) to remain switched on for a number Y of hours thereafter and therefore look for RFID tags in that period of time when it is switched on.
  • the ability to switch between the two data transmission mechanism of RFID Tags and pressure pulsing enables the operator to be able to choose the highest data transfer rate but also allows the operator to conserve the valuable battery power.
  • the operator will likely keep the relatively low power pressure pulse transmission method switched on all the time via its enable switch 401 in order to provide at least one data transmission method at all times. For instance, if the operator is sending pressure pulses to a lower most downhole device 44C with a 3 minute pressure pulse and it does not open its associated downhole tool 100C for any reason, the operator can take the decision to abandon that downhole tool 100C and instead instruct the next highest downhole device 44B to open its associated downhole tool 100B with, for example a 5 minute pressure pulse. Accordingly, by keeping ISR 2 (400) switched on all the time via its enable switch 401, the operator will always have the contingency of being able to send pressure pulses (assuming pressuring up the downhole fluid is possible).
  • An RFID tag (not shown) is programmed at the surface by an operator to generate a unique signal according to the present embodiment. Similarly, prior to being included in the device 44 at the surface, each of the electronics packs coupled to the respective antenna 62, is separately programmed to respond to a specific signal.
  • the RFID tag comprises a miniature electronic circuit having a transceiver chip arranged to receive and store information and a small antenna within the hermetically sealed casing surrounding the tag.
  • One or more pre-programmed RFID tag(s) is/are then weighted if required, and dropped or flushed into the well with the kill fluid.
  • the tag can be circulated through the tubing 42 to reach the devices 44 with brine or diesel flushed downhole after the kill fluid.
  • the selectively coded RFID tag After travelling through the vertical portion 12 and throughbore 40 of the tubing 42, the selectively coded RFID tag reaches the downhole devices 44 that the operator wishes to actuate.
  • the tag passes through the throughbore 40 and the antenna 62 of each device 44.
  • the antenna 62 of the device 44 in question is of sufficient length to charge and read data from the tag.
  • the tag then transmits certain radio frequency signals, enabling it to communicate with the antenna 62. This data is processed by the MCU 202 in the manner described in detail subsequently.
  • the RFID tag has been programmed at the surface by the operator to transmit information instructing that a particular sliding sleeve 100a, 100b, 100c is to be opened.
  • tags programmed with the same operating instructions for individual devices 44 can be added to the well, so that at least one of the tags will reach the desired antenna 62 enabling the operating instructions to be transmitted. Once the data is transferred to the device 44, the other RFID tags encoded with similar data can be ignored by the antenna 62.
  • all the ISR 2's (400) of each downhole device 44 can be switched on via their respective enable switches by sending the appropriate pressure pulse sequence and thereafter, in order to actuate a specific downhole tool 100, a tag programmed with a specific signal is sent downhole.
  • Each antenna 62 is either responsive to the signal of a specific tag or is responsive to all tags and the decoding is done by the MCU 202 to determine if it is the downhole tool 100 associated with that MCU 202 that is to be actuated.
  • tags can be used to selectively target certain devices 44 by pre-programming the antennas 62 or the MCU's 202 and corresponding tags. Thus, several different tags may be provided to target different devices 44.
  • the tags may also be designed to carry data transmitted from antennas 62, enabling them to be re-coded during passage through the tubing 42.
  • useful data such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and any other operating conditions of the device can be transferred to the tag.
  • the antenna 62 can emit a radio frequency signal in response to the radio frequency signal it receives. This can re-code the tag with information sent from the antenna 62.
  • signals can be sent from the surface to the MCU 202 to operate the downhole devices 100 by sending pressure pulses through the wellbore fluid (either in the throughbore 40 of the tubing 42 or through the fluid located in the annulus 43, wherein such pressure pulses are sensed by the pressure transducer 210 of each device 44.
  • the MCU 202 may be pre-programmed to be responsive to any pressure above a threshold (in the most simple form) or to be responsive to pressure pulses in the form of a pre-determined pressure signature, in which case the MCU 202 is pre-programmed to identify rates of change with a certain repetition rate of the pressure pulses to avoid spurious actuation.
  • the production tubing 42 or coiled tubing 42 may be provided with one or more modified devices 44 containing some other form of control mechanism such as a timer for operating a downhole tool 100.
  • the sleeves 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d are described as moveable between a first closed and a second open configuration.
  • the sleeves may also be movable to a plurality of intermediate configurations in which the sleeve 100 partially obturates the ports 26 to controllably and selectively restrict or choke but not completely stop the flow of fluid.
  • the embodiment described herein has the advantage that the MCU 202 is in practice always receptive to either pressure pulse signals or RFID signals rather than the prior art disadvantage of for example an RFID reader able to seek or read an RFID signal only where there is circulation of fluid or only able to sense pressure pulse signals only when the tubing is closed. Therefore in a situation where the tubing 42 becomes blocked and the capacity for flow of fluid therethrough is restricted, the MCU 202 can still respond to pressure pulse signals as a result of the ability of the MCU 202 to multiplex the respective signals.
  • the devices 44 can be provided with suitable sensors to respond to acoustic or electromagnetic signals.
  • other but different remote control methods of communicating could be used in one or more modified downhole control devices instead of RFID tags and sending pressure pulses down the completion fluid located in the throughbore of the production tubing 42 such as an acoustic signalling system such as the EDGE ( TM ) system offered by Baker Oil Tools of Houston, Texas, USA or an electromagnetic wave system such as the Cableless Telemetry System offered by Expro Group of Verwood, Dorset, UK.
  • the ports can be obturated by means other than a sleeve.
  • actuation of the mechanism for moving the obturation member between first and second configurations can cause movement of an annular plate rather then a sleeve to selectively obturate the ports.
  • a downhole power generator can provide the power source in place of the battery pack.
  • a fuel-cell arrangement can also be used as a power source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou (100) dans un puits avec un dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202), le procédé comprenant les étapes de :
    stockage de données reçues en provenance d'un lecteur d'étiquette RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, identification par radiofréquence) (60) durant une première opération de temporisation (302) dans un dispositif de stockage de données, dans lequel le lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) est conçu pour lire des données en provenance d'une étiquette RFID qui passe et/ou transmettre des données à celle-ci ;
    vérification du dispositif de stockage de données à la recherche de n'importe quelles données stockées reçues en provenance du lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) au moins une fois durant ou à la suite de la première opération de temporisation (302), dans lequel le lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) comprend en sus une antenne RFID (62) conçue pour lire des données en provenance de l'étiquette RFID qui est déplaçable par rapport à l'antenne RFID (62) ;
    et
    stockage de données reçues en provenance d'un capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) durant une deuxième opération de temporisation (304) dans le dispositif de stockage de données, dans lequel le capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) est capable d'au moins recevoir un signal envoyé par le biais de changements de pression de fluide de fond de trou en communication avec le capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) ;
    vérification du dispositif de stockage de données à la recherche de n'importe quelles données stockées reçues en provenance du capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) au moins une fois durant ou à la suite de la deuxième opération de temporisation (304) ;
    dans lequel chacune des première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation est basée sur le temps fourni par une horloge du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) ; et dans lequel les première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation comprennent des premier et deuxième temporisateurs respectifs ;
    commande de l'outil de fond de trou (100) sur la base d'instructions contenues dans les données stockées ;
    incluant la fourniture de commutateurs respectifs (351, 401) servant à activer ou désactiver le lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) et le capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) respectivement ;
    programmation de l'étiquette RFID à la surface, par l'opérateur, avec des données afin de fournir un signal ou des instructions qui peuvent être reçus par le lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60), et déplacement de l'étiquette RFID en la descendant dans le puits à partir de la surface jusque dans le voisinage du lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) afin de fournir lesdites données au dispositif de stockage de données de telle sorte que le dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) a l'instruction d'actionner ou de mettre en action l'outil de fond de trou ;
    changement de la pression de fluide de fond de trou dans le voisinage du capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) par changement de la pression de fluide à la surface du puits afin d'envoyer un signal au capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) par le biais de changements de pression de fluide de fond de trou en communication avec le capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210), dans lequel le signal est reçu par le capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) qui fournit lesdites données au dispositif de stockage de données de telle sorte que le dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) a l'instruction d'actionner ou de mettre en action l'outil de fond de trou ; et
    quand les commutateurs respectifs (351, 401) sont mis en action pour le lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) et le capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210), le dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) met en œuvre les première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation respectives en parallèle l'une avec l'autre mais cherche un/des drapeau(x) de données valides dans le dispositif de stockage de données en série.
  2. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation déterminent quand les données stockées reçues en provenance du lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) et du capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) sont vérifiées ;
    le procédé incluant le stockage des première et deuxième valeurs temporelles prédéterminées dans un dispositif de stockage formant mémoire et la fourniture desdites première et deuxième valeurs temporelles prédéterminées aux première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation respectives lors du lancement du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202).
  3. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 2, incluant le déclenchement du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) afin de vérifier le dispositif de stockage de données quand la première opération de temporisation (302) soupasse la capacité ou se réinitialise à partir de zéro jusqu'à une valeur temporelle prédéterminée à partir de laquelle l'opération de temporisation comptera alors de façon régressive jusqu'à zéro ; et incluant le déclenchement du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) afin de vérifier le dispositif de stockage de données quand la deuxième opération de temporisation (304) soupasse la capacité ou se réinitialise à partir de zéro jusqu'à une valeur prédéterminée à partir de laquelle l'opération de temporisation comptera alors de façon régressive jusqu'à zéro.
  4. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 3, incluant la fourniture d'une valeur prédéterminée relativement courte pour la première opération de temporisation par comparaison avec une valeur prédéterminée pour la deuxième opération de temporisation.
  5. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la première opération de temporisation (302) comprend un événement temporisé incluant un comptage régressif répétitif à partir de la valeur temporelle prédéterminée jusqu'à zéro dans lequel ledit événement temporisé est répété au moins une fois.
  6. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la deuxième opération de temporisation (304) comprend un événement temporisé incluant un comptage régressif répétitif à partir de la valeur temporelle prédéterminée jusqu'à zéro dans lequel ledit événement temporisé est répété au moins une fois.
  7. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon la revendication 6 quand elle dépend de la revendication 5, dans lequel le moment auquel ledit événement temporisé se réinitialise à partir de zéro jusqu'à ladite valeur temporelle prédéterminée comprend un déclencheur de soupassement de capacité qui déclenche la vérification des données stockées reçues en provenance du lecteur d'étiquette RFID (60) et du capteur d'impulsions de pression de fluide de fond de trou (210) respectifs.
  8. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 7, incluant la conception du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) pour qu'il stocke des données dans le dispositif de stockage de données s'il a l'instruction de le faire durant des intervalles temporels prédéterminés déterminés par les première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation.
  9. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 8, incluant la préprogrammation du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) afin de reconnaître des drapeaux représentés par lesdites données stockées et/ou des tendances au sein des données stockées et la conception du dispositif de traitement de fond de trou (202) pour qu'il agisse en réponse auxdits drapeaux ou auxdites tendances afin de commander un outil de fond de trou (100).
  10. Un procédé de commande d'un outil de fond de trou dans un puits selon n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel les première (302) et deuxième (304) opérations de temporisation comprennent des premier (350) et deuxième (400) sous-programmes d'interruption respectifs pouvant être mis en action de façon sélective.
  11. Un appareil de traitement de fond de trou (44) incluant une mémoire non volatile stockant les informations nécessaires pour exécuter le procédé des revendications 1 à 10.
EP15766188.5A 2014-09-03 2015-09-02 Procédé et appareil de commande d'un outil de fond de trou Active EP3189208B1 (fr)

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GB1415599.8A GB2529845B (en) 2014-09-03 2014-09-03 Method and apparatus
PCT/GB2015/052536 WO2016034876A1 (fr) 2014-09-03 2015-09-02 Procédé et appareil de commande d'un outil de fond de trou

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CA2957865C (fr) 2022-11-22
AU2015310656A1 (en) 2017-03-09
US20170254195A1 (en) 2017-09-07
AU2015310656B2 (en) 2019-11-28
CA2957865A1 (fr) 2016-03-10
GB2529845B (en) 2020-07-15
SA517380960B1 (ar) 2022-03-16
WO2016034876A1 (fr) 2016-03-10
GB2529845A (en) 2016-03-09
EP3189208A1 (fr) 2017-07-12
DK3189208T3 (da) 2020-08-10
GB201415599D0 (en) 2014-10-15

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