EP3183462A1 - Bearing ring and layer by layer method for producing a bearing ring - Google Patents

Bearing ring and layer by layer method for producing a bearing ring

Info

Publication number
EP3183462A1
EP3183462A1 EP15756831.2A EP15756831A EP3183462A1 EP 3183462 A1 EP3183462 A1 EP 3183462A1 EP 15756831 A EP15756831 A EP 15756831A EP 3183462 A1 EP3183462 A1 EP 3183462A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing ring
channels
cross
producing
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15756831.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oskar Beer
Peter Glöckner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Publication of EP3183462A1 publication Critical patent/EP3183462A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F01D25/125—Cooling of bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C22C33/0271—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5% with only C, Mn, Si, P, S, As as alloying elements, e.g. carbon steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/183—Sealing means
    • F01D25/186—Sealing means for sliding contact bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/007—Cooling of bearings of rolling bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/62—Low carbon steel, i.e. carbon content below 0.4 wt%
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23—Gas turbine engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6659—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bearing ring with integrated cooling channels and a method for producing a bearing ring with integrated cooling channels.
  • Bearing rings in aircraft engines are generally exposed to high roll-over loads and high operating temperatures. This applies in particular to bearing rings in main shaft bearings.
  • materials for such bearing ring predominantly heat-resistant through hardening or case hardened steels, such as M50 (AMS 6491), M50NiL (AMS 6278), RBD, Pyrowear 675 (AMS 5930) are used.
  • the heat dissipation from the contact areas is carried out by a continuous flow of oil.
  • improved heat dissipation from the contact region can bring about an increase in performance of bearings, for example in the engine area.
  • a heat dissipation is known for example from EP 2 503 107 B1, which describes a bearing arrangement for a turbomachine, wherein a bearing housing part with a coolant channel and a bearing housing part are provided with a lubricant passage, wherein the coolant passage and the lubricant passage are fluidly separated from each other.
  • a composite material is described from a bearing housing with integrated cooling channels in conjunction with a bearing shell.
  • EP 2 503 107 B1 also permits heat dissipation from the contact region.
  • the possibility of cooling is limited, since the channels through which the coolant flows are relatively far away from the contact surface, since the bearing shell must have a certain minimum thickness for reasons of strength.
  • the production of the described composite is problematic.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide bearing rings and a method for their production, wherein an effective heat dissipation from the contact area is possible.
  • the bearing ring according to the invention comprises integrated internal cooling channels, which have a cross section which deviates from a circular shape.
  • the cross section may be similar to a curved slot, triangle, semicircle, circular ring section or polygon.
  • a cross-section which extends arcuately in a similar shape as the raceway to be cooled, so to speak nestled or adapted to the raceway shape.
  • This shape increases the Heat transfer between the cooling channel and raceway. This inevitably also improves the strength of the bearing used in terms of speed, load capacity and temperature range.
  • a more compact design is possible: Basically, a more compact design with the same external load leads to higher surface pressures in the rolling contacts. Associated with this are higher power losses generated in the rolling contacts and thus also higher thermal stresses on the bearing components.
  • these higher temperatures can be compensated or even reduced with the present invention by means of the oil flow in the raceway-near cooling channels with a smoothened cross-sectional shape.
  • a larger heat flow can be removed by the near-line introduction of the cooling channels and the optimized cross-sectional shape, this is the case with the arrangement of the cooling channels in the bearing seat diameter. Conversely, this means that there is a lower need for cooling fluid, so less oil flow and a smaller heat exchange surface is needed, i. a smaller cross-sectional area of the channel or a shorter cooling channel.
  • the channel cross-section can vary over the course of the channel in terms of shape and area, whereby the heat exchange surface, the heat transfer coefficient and the flow rate of the coolant can be influenced.
  • This targeted influencing of the heat transfer in the circumferential direction can be advantageous for the dissipation of the power losses in the pronounced radially loaded roller bearings load zone in the circumferential direction.
  • special requirements for the structural strength of the rings can be taken into account.
  • cooling channels in the immediate vicinity of the contact zone, or the running surface of the bearing ring are introduced in such a way that they are integrated directly in the material which forms the raceway.
  • an effective dissipation of heat from the contact area by oil-flow channels is possible, which are located in the vicinity of the contact zones of the bearing rings.
  • An introduction of cooling channels is not possible in this area with hitherto applied manufacturing processes.
  • it is therefore provided to form the cooling channels during the molding of the bearing rings - preferably by a generative manufacturing method, such as laser melting, laser sintering or the like.
  • the invention is therefore intended to use a powder of a low-carbon steel for the additive manufacturing process.
  • the necessary hardness in the region of the raceways can then be achieved by subsequent surface hardening, for example by subsequent enrichment with carbon.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a bearing ring 10 according to the invention with along the track 1 1 introduced channels 12th
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a lab with bearing rings according to the invention 10.
  • the raceways (1 1) are different channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) recognizable with different Qerterrorismsformen.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing ring with integrated cooling channels and to a method for producing a bearing ring with integrated cooling channels.

Description

Beschreibung  description
LAGERRING UND SCHICHTWEISES VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES LAGERRINGS BEARING RING AND LAYERED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A BEARING RING
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lagerring mit integrierten Kühlkanälen und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerrings mit integrierten Kühlkanälen. The invention relates to a bearing ring with integrated cooling channels and a method for producing a bearing ring with integrated cooling channels.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Lagerringe in Flugtriebwerken sind generell hohen Überrollbelastungen und hohen Betriebstemperaturen ausgesetzt. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Lagerringe in Hauptwellenlagerungen. Als Werkstoffe für derartige Lagerring werden überwiegend warmfeste durchhärtende oder einsatzgehärtete Stähle, wie beispielsweise M50 (AMS 6491 ), M50NiL (AMS 6278), RBD, Pyrowear 675 ( AMS 5930) eingesetzt. Bearing rings in aircraft engines are generally exposed to high roll-over loads and high operating temperatures. This applies in particular to bearing rings in main shaft bearings. As materials for such bearing ring predominantly heat-resistant through hardening or case hardened steels, such as M50 (AMS 6491), M50NiL (AMS 6278), RBD, Pyrowear 675 (AMS 5930) are used.
Die Wärmeableitung aus den Kontaktbereichen erfolgt durch einen kontinuierlichen Ölstrom. Dabei kann eine verbesserte Wärmeableitung aus dem Kontaktbereich eine Leistungssteigerung von Lagern bewirken, beispielsweise im Triebwerksbereich. Bekannt ist eine Wärmeableitung beispielsweise aus der EP 2 503 107 B1 , die eine Lageranordnung für eine Strömungsmaschine beschreibt, wobei ein Lagergehäuseteil mit einem Kühlmittelkanal und ein Lagergehäuseteil mit einem Schmiermittelkanal versehen sind, wobei der Kühlmittelkanal und der Schmiermittelkanal voneinander fluidisch getrennt sind. Konkret wird ein Materialverbund aus einem Lagergehäuse mit integrierten Kühlkanälen im Verbund mit einer Lagerschale beschrieben. The heat dissipation from the contact areas is carried out by a continuous flow of oil. In this case, improved heat dissipation from the contact region can bring about an increase in performance of bearings, for example in the engine area. A heat dissipation is known for example from EP 2 503 107 B1, which describes a bearing arrangement for a turbomachine, wherein a bearing housing part with a coolant channel and a bearing housing part are provided with a lubricant passage, wherein the coolant passage and the lubricant passage are fluidly separated from each other. Specifically, a composite material is described from a bearing housing with integrated cooling channels in conjunction with a bearing shell.
Da jedoch die Dauerfestigkeit der genannten warmfesten Stähle mit steigender Temperatur abnimmt und auch die Betriebstemperatur, unter der die zur Schmierung und Wärmeabfuhr verwendeten Öle eingesetzt werden können, begrenzt ist, kann mit den derzeit verwendeten Lagerwerkstoffen und Ölen eine höhere Temperatur im Kontaktbereich nicht zugelassen werden. However, since the fatigue strength of said heat-resistant steels decreases with increasing temperature and also the operating temperature under which the oils used for lubrication and heat dissipation can be used, is limited With the currently used bearing materials and oils a higher temperature in the contact area are not allowed.
Grundsätzlich ist zwar beispielsweise auch in der EP 2 503 107 B1 eine Wärmeableitung aus dem Kontaktbereich möglich. Die Kühlmöglichkeit ist jedoch begrenzt, da die vom Kühlmittel durchströmten Kanäle relativ weit von der Kontaktfläche entfernt sind, da die Lagerschale aus Festigkeitsgründen eine bestimmte Mindestdicke aufweisen muss. Darüberhinaus ist die Herstellung des beschriebenen Verbundes problematisch. Weiterhin wird durch das Einbringen der Kühlkanäle am Innendurchmesser des Innenrings oder am Außendurchmesser des Aussenrings die dort vorliegenden Passungsverhältnisse, beispielsweise im Hinblick auf Festigkeit und unterschiedliche Ausdehnung der Passungspartner, beeinflusst. Although, in principle, EP 2 503 107 B1 also permits heat dissipation from the contact region. However, the possibility of cooling is limited, since the channels through which the coolant flows are relatively far away from the contact surface, since the bearing shell must have a certain minimum thickness for reasons of strength. Moreover, the production of the described composite is problematic. Furthermore, by the introduction of the cooling channels on the inner diameter of the inner ring or on the outer diameter of the outer ring, the fitting conditions present there, for example, in terms of strength and different expansion of the fit partners, influenced.
Aufgabe der Erfindung Object of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demnach, Lagerringe und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung bereitzustellen, wobei eine effektive Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Kontaktbereich möglich ist. The object of the invention is therefore to provide bearing rings and a method for their production, wherein an effective heat dissipation from the contact area is possible.
Beschreibung der Erfindung Description of the invention
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch einen Lagerring gemäß Patentanspruch 1 . The problem is solved by a bearing ring according to claim 1.
Der erfindungsgemäße Lagerring umfasst dabei integrierte innenliegende Kühlkanäle, die einen Querschnitt aufweisen, der von einer Kreisform abweicht. Dabei kann der Querschnitt ähnlich einem gekrümmten Langloch, Dreieck, Halbkreis, Kreisringabschnitt oder Polygon ausgebildet sein. The bearing ring according to the invention comprises integrated internal cooling channels, which have a cross section which deviates from a circular shape. In this case, the cross section may be similar to a curved slot, triangle, semicircle, circular ring section or polygon.
Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Querschnitt, der sich bogenförmig in ähnlicher Form wie die zu kühlende Laufbahn erstreckt, also gewissermaßen an die Laufbahnform angeschmiegt, bzw. angepasst ist. Durch diese Formgebung erhöht sich der Wärmeübergang zwischen Kühlkanal und Laufbahn. Dadurch verbessert sich zwangsläufig auch die Beanspruchbarkeit des eingesetzten Lagers im Hinblick auf Drehzahl, Lastfähigkeit und Temperaturbereich. Particularly preferred is a cross-section which extends arcuately in a similar shape as the raceway to be cooled, so to speak nestled or adapted to the raceway shape. This shape increases the Heat transfer between the cooling channel and raceway. This inevitably also improves the strength of the bearing used in terms of speed, load capacity and temperature range.
Ebenfalls ist eine kompaktere Bauweise möglich: Grundsätzlich führt eine kompaktere Bauweise bei gleicher äußerer Last zu höheren Flächenpressungen in den Wälzkontakten. Damit verbunden sind höhere in den Wälzkontakten erzeugte Verlustleistungen und somit auch höhere thermische Beanspruchungen der Lagerkomponenten. Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung durch den Ölstrom in den laufbahnnahen Kühlkanälen mit angeschmiegter Querschnittsform können einerseits diese höheren Temperaturen kompensiert bzw. sogar verringert werden. Zum anderen kann durch die laufbahnnahe Einbringung der Kühlkanäle und die optimierte Querschnittsform ein größerer Wärmestrom abtransportiert werden, dies bei Anordnung der Kühlkanäle im Lagersitzdurchmesser der Fall ist. Das bedeutet im Umkehrschluss, dass ein geringerer Bedarf an Kühlflüssigkeit besteht, also weniger Ölvolumenstrom sowie eine kleinere Wärmeaustauschfläche benötigt wird, d.h. eine kleinere Querschnittsfläche des Kanals oder ein kürzerer Kühlkanal. Also, a more compact design is possible: Basically, a more compact design with the same external load leads to higher surface pressures in the rolling contacts. Associated with this are higher power losses generated in the rolling contacts and thus also higher thermal stresses on the bearing components. On the one hand, these higher temperatures can be compensated or even reduced with the present invention by means of the oil flow in the raceway-near cooling channels with a smoothened cross-sectional shape. On the other hand, a larger heat flow can be removed by the near-line introduction of the cooling channels and the optimized cross-sectional shape, this is the case with the arrangement of the cooling channels in the bearing seat diameter. Conversely, this means that there is a lower need for cooling fluid, so less oil flow and a smaller heat exchange surface is needed, i. a smaller cross-sectional area of the channel or a shorter cooling channel.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der Kanalquerschnitt über den Kanalverlauf hinweg variieren in Form und Flächenmaß, wodurch die Wärmeaustauschfläche, der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient und die Durchflussgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmittels beeinflusst werden kann. Diese gezielte Beeinflussung der Wärmeübertragung in Umfangsrichtung kann sich vorteilhaft für die Abfuhr der Verlustleistungen in der bei radial belasteten Wälzlagern ausgeprägten Lastzone in Umfangsrichtung auswirken. Darüber hinaus können durch in Umfangsrichtung veränderliche Querschnittsformen und Flächenmaße besondere Anforderungen an die Strukturfestigkeit der Ringe berücksichtigt werden. In a further preferred embodiment, the channel cross-section can vary over the course of the channel in terms of shape and area, whereby the heat exchange surface, the heat transfer coefficient and the flow rate of the coolant can be influenced. This targeted influencing of the heat transfer in the circumferential direction can be advantageous for the dissipation of the power losses in the pronounced radially loaded roller bearings load zone in the circumferential direction. In addition, due to circumferentially variable cross-sectional shapes and surface dimensions special requirements for the structural strength of the rings can be taken into account.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe ferner durch ein Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 3. This object is further achieved by a method according to claim 3.
Erfindungsgemäß werden Kühlkanäle in unmittelbarer Nähe der Kontaktzone, bzw. der Lauffläche des Lagerrings, dergestalt eingebracht, dass diese sich direkt integriert in dem Werkstoff, der die Laufbahn ausbildet, befinden. Damit ist eine wirksame Abfuhr von Wärme aus dem Kontaktbereich durch öldurchströmte Kanäle möglich, die sich in den Nahbereichen der Kontaktzonen der Lagerringe befinden. Ein Einbringen von Kühlkanälen ist in diesem Bereich mit bisher angewendeten Fertigungsverfahren nicht möglich. Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, die Kühlkanäle während des Ausformens der Lagerringe auszubilden - vorzugsweise durch ein generatives Fertigungsverfahren, wie beispielsweise Laserschmelzen, Lasersintern oder dergleichen. According to the invention, cooling channels in the immediate vicinity of the contact zone, or the running surface of the bearing ring, are introduced in such a way that they are integrated directly in the material which forms the raceway. Thus, an effective dissipation of heat from the contact area by oil-flow channels is possible, which are located in the vicinity of the contact zones of the bearing rings. An introduction of cooling channels is not possible in this area with hitherto applied manufacturing processes. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to form the cooling channels during the molding of the bearing rings - preferably by a generative manufacturing method, such as laser melting, laser sintering or the like.
Allerdings ist dieses Verfahren nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik nicht anwendbar bei den durchhärtenden Stählen, die für die extremen Einsatzzwecke, beispielsweise in Flugtriebwerken, benötigt werden, da sich während des generativen Herstellungsprozesses starker Verzug und Risse bilden können. However, this prior art technique is not applicable to the through hardening steels required for extreme applications, such as in aircraft engines, because of severe distortion and cracking during the additive manufacturing process.
Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, für das generative Fertigungsverfahren ein Pulver eines niedrigkohlenstoffhaltigen Stahles zu verwenden. Die notwendige Härte im Bereich der Laufbahnen kann dann durch ein nachfolgendes Randschichthärten erfolgen, beispielsweise durch ein nachträgliches Anreichern mit Kohlenstoff. According to the invention, it is therefore intended to use a powder of a low-carbon steel for the additive manufacturing process. The necessary hardness in the region of the raceways can then be achieved by subsequent surface hardening, for example by subsequent enrichment with carbon.
Beschreibung der Figur Description of the figure
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Lagerring 10 mit entlang der Laufbahn 1 1 eingebrachten Kanälen 12. Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a bearing ring 10 according to the invention with along the track 1 1 introduced channels 12th
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein Laber mit erfindungsgemäßen Lagerringen 10. Entlang der Laufbahnen (1 1 ) sind verschiedene Kanäle (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) mit unterschiedlichen Qerschnittsformen erkennbar. Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a lab with bearing rings according to the invention 10. Along the raceways (1 1) are different channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) recognizable with different Qerschnittsformen.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Lagerring (10) mit einem oder mehreren nahe einer Laufbahn (1 1 ) integrierten innenliegenden Kanälen (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Kanäle (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) eine von einer Kreisform abweichende Querschnittsform aufweist. 1 . Bearing ring (10) with one or more close to a track (1 1) integrated internal channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e), characterized in that at least one of the channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) a has a different cross-sectional shape of a circular shape.
2. Lagerring (10) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Querschnittsform mindestens einer der Kanäle (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) entlang seines Verlaufs ändert. Second bearing ring (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of at least one of the channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) changes along its course.
3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerrings (10) umfassend folgende Schritte: 3. A method for producing a bearing ring (10) comprising the following steps:
Bereitstellen eines Pulvers eines niedrigkohlenstoffhaltigen Stahles Providing a powder of a low-carbon steel
Ausbildung eines Lagerrings (10) mit innenliegenden Kanälen (12) nahe einer Laufbahn (1 1 ) des Lagerrings (10) mittels eines generativen Fertigungsverfahren.  Formation of a bearing ring (10) with internal channels (12) near a track (1 1) of the bearing ring (10) by means of a generative manufacturing process.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als generatives Fertigungsverfahren Laserschmelzen angewendet wird. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that laser melting is used as a generative manufacturing process.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als generatives Fertigungsverfahren Lasersintern angewendet wird. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that is used as a generative manufacturing process laser sintering.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, ferner umfassend ein nachfolgendes Randschichthärten des Lagerrings. 6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, further comprising a subsequent surface hardening of the bearing ring.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Randschichthärten ein Anreichern mit Kohlenstoff umfasst. The method of claim 6, wherein the surface hardening comprises carbon enrichment.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerrings (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausbildung des Lagerrings (10) ein Ausbilden von Kanälen (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) mit einer Querschnittform abweichend von einer Kreisform umfasst. 8. A method for producing a bearing ring (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the formation of the bearing ring (10) forming channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) with a cross-sectional shape different from a Circle shape includes.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerrings (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausbildung des Lagerrings (10) ein Ausbilden von Kanälen (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) mit einer Querschnittform umfasst die sich entlang dessen Verlaufs ändert. 9. A method for producing a bearing ring (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the formation of the bearing ring (10) comprises forming channels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e) having a cross-sectional shape which comprises along its course changes.
EP15756831.2A 2014-08-18 2015-07-27 Bearing ring and layer by layer method for producing a bearing ring Withdrawn EP3183462A1 (en)

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PCT/DE2015/200424 WO2016026490A1 (en) 2014-08-18 2015-07-27 Bearing ring and layer by layer method for producing a bearing ring

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US10287912B2 (en) 2019-05-14
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