EP3175119A1 - Flow-conducting component - Google Patents

Flow-conducting component

Info

Publication number
EP3175119A1
EP3175119A1 EP15744185.8A EP15744185A EP3175119A1 EP 3175119 A1 EP3175119 A1 EP 3175119A1 EP 15744185 A EP15744185 A EP 15744185A EP 3175119 A1 EP3175119 A1 EP 3175119A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
flow
point
angle
conducting component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15744185.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3175119B1 (en
Inventor
Alexander BÖHM
Franz Gerhard Bosbach
Christoph Emde
Ewald HÖLZEL
Holger RAUNER
Patrick THOME
Björn WILL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KSB SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
KSB AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KSB AG filed Critical KSB AG
Publication of EP3175119A1 publication Critical patent/EP3175119A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3175119B1 publication Critical patent/EP3175119B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F04D29/2227—Construction and assembly for special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/24—Vanes
    • F04D29/242—Geometry, shape
    • F04D29/245—Geometry, shape for special effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/322—Blade mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/22—Manufacture essentially without removing material by sintering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/233—Electron beam welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/234—Laser welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/11—Iron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the geometric design of a flow-guiding component with special consideration of the mechanical load, in which the component transitions between individual areas are affected by notches, the load collective of the notches can be calculated, and the production of such a component.
  • Flow-guiding components are known in various embodiments. Depending on the conditions of use, ie working pressure, pumped liquid, medium temperature or similar, the component is made of special materials. The static structure of the housing is also heavily dependent on the application.
  • EP 1 785 590 A1 shows the design and manufacture of an impeller of a pump or turbine, with particular attention being paid to the design of the notches.
  • the impeller is welded in several layers, whereby voltages are directly suppressed.
  • the procedure requires access to the notches during manufacture with appropriate tools.
  • Both casting technology and joining technology are rapidly reaching their limits for fluid-carrying components, since sometimes the notches are difficult and / or not directly accessible on the outside. This leads to considerable limitations in the design of the geometry of the component.
  • the object of the invention is to find and apply a geometric design for the mechanical load at the transition points of a flow-guiding component, especially in the region of the notches, which is simple and inexpensive to produce.
  • the solution provides to computationally determine the load spectrum of the notch, the notches are geometrically ange according to their mechanical stress, especially where they are difficult and / or not directly accessible from the outside.
  • the flow-leading part which may be an impeller for a centrifugal pump, for example, can be constructed free of classical specifications. Limitations of foundry technology and / or joining methods need not be taken into account in the design of the component, since only the mechanical and hydraulic properties are important. Such an exemption from ⁇ traditional design principles allows a completely new design of the impeller.
  • the notch is designed so that a transition in the component from a first region A to a second region B encloses an angle ⁇ , wherein the Winkelhaibierende the angle ⁇ is determined, wherein along this bisector Point P is determined, in each case a lot of one of the legs (A, B), which form the angle ⁇ , is precipitated by the point P, wherein applied by the point P to the respective solder a straight line with an angle of 45 ° is, by the intersection of this line with the respective legs (A, B) each set a distance (S, S ' ) whose respective centers set the points Q, Q', wherein the points Q, Q ' respectively straight lines be applied at an angle of 22.5 ° to the distances S, S ' , which intersect the legs (A, B) in the points R, R', wherein the enveloping E, E 'of this construction, the geometri- see embodiment of Notch pretending.
  • This simple construction method makes it very easy to determine a geometry that takes into account the mechanical load in the component, depending on the direction. Attacking forces are analyzed under the influence of the conveyed medium and the intended working conditions, whereby minimum and maximum values are determined. According to these values, the demand of the impeller for mechanical stability is determined. The calculation method specifies the geometric design and thus also the material usage and the workpiece machining.
  • the flow-guiding component is produced by a generative method, wherein in particular metal powders are connected to form a component by a jet-blasting method, such as, for example, laser or electron beam melting.
  • a jet-blasting method such as, for example, laser or electron beam melting.
  • At least one notch is arranged in the interior of the component in the flow-guiding component, in particular in a cavity and / or an undercut.
  • the flow-guiding component is a pump component, in particular a centrifugal pump.
  • a pump component in particular a centrifugal pump.
  • the geometric design in particular in wheels and / or guide wheels of centrifugal pumps. These parts are particularly heavily mechanically stressed.
  • Impeller blade and a cover plate are sometimes very difficult to access.
  • the surfaces of the individual impeller blades can also be designed freely so that the boundary layer between the impeller and the fluid can be influenced.
  • inducers it is also possible for inducers to make components hollow, whereby considerable material savings are possible.
  • the component must then its mechanical stability by the appropriate design of the struts obtained within the cavities, as well as the transitions between mechanically stabilizing areas according to the above design rule.
  • the component is made of an iron-based material.
  • the iron base material is an austenitic or martensitic or heartwin or duplex material. This allows the production of corrosion-resistant components.
  • the production of the powders required for the high-energy jet methods mentioned is likewise inexpensive and simple. This becomes even clearer when the iron base material is advantageously a gray or nodular cast iron material.
  • drawing 1 shows the method according to the invention for constructing the notch between two areas of a flow-guiding component.
  • Drawing 2 explains the application of the method according to the invention for the construction of a centrifugal pump impeller, as well as the advantages of a generic production.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arbitrary point at which the contour of a component changes discontinuously from a first region 1 into a second region 2, wherein the two regions enclose an angle 3.
  • Significant stresses develop at this point of discontinuity, which can be strongly influenced by a suitably constructed geometric course.
  • a predetermined breaking point one would like to use the stresses in order to allow the component to be selectively broken at the discontinuity point during a threshold load.
  • the opposite is desirable and the point of discontinuity should be sufficiently resilient against the applied forces.
  • a so-called engineering notch is provided here, which forms the sharp angle by a rounding with a selected radius.
  • an angle bisector 4 is constructed by the angle 3.
  • a point 5 is selected on this bisector 4.
  • This point 5 are perpendicular to the areas 1 and 2, the lines 6 and 7 laid.
  • To these straight lines 6 and 7 The laid in the point 5 at the angle 8 to 45 ° straight lines that intersect the areas 1 and 2, wherein in the area 2 of the intersection 11 is set.
  • the proposed construction assumes a non-symmetrical loading of a component. If the component were loaded symmetrically, for example by an alternating left / right rotation, then the construction could be supplemented symmetrically in the direction of the first region 1 in an analogous manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary application for the construction and production method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2a shows an impeller 16, as used, for example, in a centrifugal pump.
  • the impeller 16 has a hub portion 17 and a cover plate 20. Further details can be taken from FIG. 2b.
  • Such an impeller with the two cover disks 20 and 19 is referred to as a closed impeller.
  • the impeller blades 18 have transitions 21 and 22, which correspond to those described in FIG. 1, both in the region of the impeller hub 17 and in the region of the cover disks 19 and 20; in the region of the cover disk 19, the transition 21 can be described such that the surface the cover plate 19, the first region 1 and the impeller 16, the second region 2 represents.
  • the forces occurring at the point of inequality between the two areas 1 and 2 can be determined from the parameters of the impeller, the fluid of the pump and the application. Based on these forces, the point 5 is set in the notch to be constructed. With this point, the notch is constructed. If the impeller 16 is produced for example in a 3d printing process, the contours of the transitions 21 and 22 at each point of the impeller can be compared with the accuracy of the resolution of the printing process. be made without any reworking will be necessary. This particularly advantageous contour, which would not be able to be produced with corresponding dimensional accuracy with conventional machining methods, can even be constructed at locations that would not be attainable with tools for post-processing, which is initially not directly derivable from FIG.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention describes a flow-conducting component, the passages between the individual sections in the component being marked with notches, wherein the load spectrum of the notch can be calculated, wherein the notches, which are difficult and/or even impossible to access directly from the outside, are shaped geometrically according to their mechanical load.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Strömungsführendes Bauteil Flow guiding component
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die geometrische Ausgestaltung eines strömungsführenden Bauteils unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der mechanischen Belastung, wo- bei bei dem Bauteil Übergänge zwischen einzelnen Bereichen durch Kerben behaftet sind, wobei das Lastkollektiv der Kerben rechnerisch ermittelbar ist, sowie die Herstellung eines solchen Bauteils. The present invention relates to the geometric design of a flow-guiding component with special consideration of the mechanical load, in which the component transitions between individual areas are affected by notches, the load collective of the notches can be calculated, and the production of such a component.
Strömungsführende Bauteile sind in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Je nach Einsatzbedingungen, also Arbeitsdruck, Fördermedium, Medientemperatur oder ähnlichem, ist das Bauteil aus speziellen Materialien gefertigt. Der statische Aufbau des Gehäuses ist ebenfalls stark vom Einsatzgebiet abhängig. Flow-guiding components are known in various embodiments. Depending on the conditions of use, ie working pressure, pumped liquid, medium temperature or similar, the component is made of special materials. The static structure of the housing is also heavily dependent on the application.
Besonders beanspruchte Bereiche und vor allem an den Übergängen zwischen ver- schiedenen Bereichen können besondere mechanische Spannungen aufgebaut werden, die zu verkürzten Standzeiten führen. Durch eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Kerbe lassen sich Spannungen stark reduzieren, dies erfordert jedoch eine Bearbeitung des Übergangsbereiches mit Werkzeugen. Die EP 1 785 590 A1 zeigt die Ausgestaltung und Herstellung eines Laufrades einer Pumpe oder Turbine, wobei besonders Augenmerk auf der Gestaltung der Kerben liegt. Das Laufrad wird in mehreren Lagen verschweißt, wobei Spannungen direkt unterbunden werden. Die Vorgehensweise erfordert bei der Herstellung einen Zugang mit entsprechenden Werkzeugen zu den Kerben. Sowohl Gusstechnik als auch Fügetechnik gelangen schnell an Grenzen für strömungsführende Bauteile, da teilweise die Kerben außen nur schwer und/oder gar nicht direkt zugänglich sind. Dies führt zu erheblichen Einschränkungen bei der Ausgestaltung der Geometrie des Bauteils. Particularly stressed areas and above all at the transitions between different areas, special mechanical stresses can be built up which lead to shorter service lives. By an advantageous embodiment of the notch tensions can be greatly reduced, but this requires a processing of the transition region with tools. EP 1 785 590 A1 shows the design and manufacture of an impeller of a pump or turbine, with particular attention being paid to the design of the notches. The impeller is welded in several layers, whereby voltages are directly suppressed. The procedure requires access to the notches during manufacture with appropriate tools. Both casting technology and joining technology are rapidly reaching their limits for fluid-carrying components, since sometimes the notches are difficult and / or not directly accessible on the outside. This leads to considerable limitations in the design of the geometry of the component.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, für die mechanische Belastung an den Übergangsstellen eines strömungsführenden Bauteils speziell im Bereich der Kerben, eine geometrische Ausgestaltung zu finden und anzuwenden, die einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist. The object of the invention is to find and apply a geometric design for the mechanical load at the transition points of a flow-guiding component, especially in the region of the notches, which is simple and inexpensive to produce.
Die Lösung sieht vor, das Lastkollektiv der Kerbe rechnerisch zu ermitteln, die Kerben entsprechend ihrer mechanischen Beanspruchung geometrisch auszugeformen sind, insbesondere dort, wo sie von außen nur schwer und/oder gar nicht direkt zugänglich sind. The solution provides to computationally determine the load spectrum of the notch, the notches are geometrically ausgege according to their mechanical stress, especially where they are difficult and / or not directly accessible from the outside.
Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass das strömungsführende Teil, das beispielsweise ein Laufrad für eine Kreiselpumpe sein kann, frei von klassischen Vorgaben konstruiert werden kann. Beschränkungen durch Gießereitechnik und/oder Fügeverfahren müssen bei der Konstruktion des Bauteils nicht berücksichtigt werden, da lediglich die mechanischen und hydraulischen Eigenschaften von Bedeutung sind. Eine derartige Befreiung von ■ traditionellen Konstruktionsprinzipien ermöglicht eine völlig neue Ausgestaltung des Laufrades. The advantage here is that the flow-leading part, which may be an impeller for a centrifugal pump, for example, can be constructed free of classical specifications. Limitations of foundry technology and / or joining methods need not be taken into account in the design of the component, since only the mechanical and hydraulic properties are important. Such an exemption from ■ traditional design principles allows a completely new design of the impeller.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist bei dem strömungsführenden Bauteil die Kerbe so ausgeführt ist, dass ein Übergang bei dem Bauteil von einem ersten Bereich A zu einem zweien Bereich B einen Winkel α einschließt, wobei die Winkelhaibierende des Winkels α ermittelt ist, wobei entlang dieser Winkelhalbierenden ein Punkt P bestimmt ist, wobei jeweils ein Lot von einem der Schenkel (A, B), die den Winkel α bilden, durch den Punkt P gefällt ist, wobei durch den Punkt P an das jeweilige Lot eine Gerade mit einem Winkel von 45° angelegt ist, wobei durch den Schnitt dieser Geraden mit den jeweiligen Schenkeln (A, B) jeweils eine Strecke(S,S') festgelegt ist, deren jeweilige Mitten die Punkte Q,Q' festlegen, wobei an die Punkte Q, Q' jeweils Geraden mit einem Winkel von 22,5° an die Strecken S, S' angelegt werden, die die Schenkel (A, B) in den Punkten R, R' schneiden, wobei die einhüllende E, E' dieser Konstruktion die geometri- sehe Ausgestaltung der Kerbe vorgibt. Diese einfache Konstruktionsmethode ermöglicht sehr einfach eine Geometrie zu ermitteln, die richtungsabhängig die mechanische Belastung im Bauteil differenziert berücksichtigt. Angreifende Kräfte werden unter Einwirkung des geförderten Mediums und der vorgesehenen Arbeitsbedingungen analysiert, wobei minimale und maximal Werte er- mittelt werden. Entsprechend dieser Werte wird der Bedarf des Laufrades an mechanischer Stabilität ermittelt. Die Berechnungsmethode gibt die geometrische Ausgestaltung und somit auch den Materialeinsatz und die Werkstückbearbeitung vor. In a further embodiment, in the flow-guiding component, the notch is designed so that a transition in the component from a first region A to a second region B encloses an angle α, wherein the Winkelhaibierende the angle α is determined, wherein along this bisector Point P is determined, in each case a lot of one of the legs (A, B), which form the angle α, is precipitated by the point P, wherein applied by the point P to the respective solder a straight line with an angle of 45 ° is, by the intersection of this line with the respective legs (A, B) each set a distance (S, S ' ) whose respective centers set the points Q, Q', wherein the points Q, Q ' respectively straight lines be applied at an angle of 22.5 ° to the distances S, S ' , which intersect the legs (A, B) in the points R, R', wherein the enveloping E, E 'of this construction, the geometri- see embodiment of Notch pretending. This simple construction method makes it very easy to determine a geometry that takes into account the mechanical load in the component, depending on the direction. Attacking forces are analyzed under the influence of the conveyed medium and the intended working conditions, whereby minimum and maximum values are determined. According to these values, the demand of the impeller for mechanical stability is determined. The calculation method specifies the geometric design and thus also the material usage and the workpiece machining.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das strömungsführende Bauteil mit einem generativen Verfahren hergestellt, wobei insbesondere Metallpulver durch ein Strahl- schmeizverfahren wie beispielsweise Laser- oder Elektronenstrahlschmelzen zu einem Bauteil verbunden werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Laufrad sehr einfach und trotzdem sehr stabil herstellbar ist. Die genannten Verfahren ermöglichen die Herstellung von fluiddichten Bauteilen mit hoher Detaillierungsmöglichkeit. Den Bauteilen kann bei diesen noch Verfahren noch zusätzlich eine spezielle Oberflächenstruktur aufgeprägt werden, beispielsweise eine Haifischhaut, die die mechanischen und hydraulischen Eigenschaften zusätzlich verbessert. In an advantageous embodiment, the flow-guiding component is produced by a generative method, wherein in particular metal powders are connected to form a component by a jet-blasting method, such as, for example, laser or electron beam melting. This has the advantage that the impeller is very simple and yet very stable to produce. The methods mentioned make it possible to produce fluid-tight components with a high degree of detail. In addition to this, the components can additionally be given a special surface structure, for example a shark skin, which additionally improves the mechanical and hydraulic properties.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist bei dem strömungsführenden Bauteil mindestens eine Kerbe im Innern des Bauteils angeordnet ist, insbesondere in einem Hohlraum und oder einer Hinterschneidung. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass Stellen bei der geometrischen Ausgestaltung des Bauteils vorteilhaft geformt sein können, die der mechanischen Nachbearbeitung nicht zugänglich sind. Diese detaillierte Ausgestaltung ermöglicht die Herstellung von mechanisch belastbareren Bauteilen bei geringerem Materialeinsatz. In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one notch is arranged in the interior of the component in the flow-guiding component, in particular in a cavity and / or an undercut. This has the advantage that points in the geometric configuration of the component can be advantageously formed, which are not accessible to the mechanical post. This detailed embodiment allows the production of mechanically stronger components with less material use.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das strömungsführende Bauteil ein Pumpenbauteil, insbesondere einer Kreiselpumpe. Von Vorteil ist die geometrische Ausgestaltung insbesondere bei Laufrädern und/oder Leiträdern von Kreiselpumpen. Diese Teile sind besonders stark mechanisch belastet. Die Übergänge zwischen einer Leit-In a further embodiment, the flow-guiding component is a pump component, in particular a centrifugal pump. Of advantage is the geometric design, in particular in wheels and / or guide wheels of centrifugal pumps. These parts are particularly heavily mechanically stressed. The transitions between a master
/Laufradschaufel und einer Deckscheibe sind teilweise sehr schwer zugänglich. Bei einem Kreiselpumpenlaufrad lassen sich neben der reinen geometrischen Grobstruktur selbstverständlich auch die Oberflächen der einzelnen Laufradschaufeln frei gestalten, so dass die Grenzschicht zwischen dem Laufrad und dem Fluid beeinflusst werden kann. Unter anderem auch bei Inducern bietet es sich an Bauteile hohl auszuführen, wobei erhebliche Materialeinsparungen möglich werden. Das Bauteil muss seine mechanische Stabilität dann durch die entsprechende Ausgestaltung der Verstrebungen innerhalb der Hohlräume, sowie der Übergänge zwischen mechanisch stabilisierenden Bereichen nach obiger Konstruktionsregel erhalten. / Impeller blade and a cover plate are sometimes very difficult to access. In the case of a centrifugal pump impeller, of course, in addition to the pure geometric coarse structure, the surfaces of the individual impeller blades can also be designed freely so that the boundary layer between the impeller and the fluid can be influenced. Among other things, it is also possible for inducers to make components hollow, whereby considerable material savings are possible. The component must then its mechanical stability by the appropriate design of the struts obtained within the cavities, as well as the transitions between mechanically stabilizing areas according to the above design rule.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das Bauteil aus einem Eisenbasiswerk- stoff hergestellt. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache und kostengünstige Herstellung auf bereits großserienreifen Werkzeugen. Vorteilhafter Weise ist der Eisenbasiswerkstoff ein austenitischer oder martensitischer oder ferntischer oder Duplex-Werkstoff. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von korrosionsfesten Bauteilen. Die Herstellung der für die genannten Hochenergiestrahlverfahren benötigten Pulver ist ebenfalls kostengünstig und ein- fach. Dies wird noch deutlicher, wenn der Eisenbasiswerkstoff vorteilhaft ein Grauoder Sphäroguss-Werkstoff ist. In a further advantageous embodiment, the component is made of an iron-based material. This allows a simple and cost-effective production on already large-volume tools. Advantageously, the iron base material is an austenitic or martensitic or heartwin or duplex material. This allows the production of corrosion-resistant components. The production of the powders required for the high-energy jet methods mentioned is likewise inexpensive and simple. This becomes even clearer when the iron base material is advantageously a gray or nodular cast iron material.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Methode zur Konstruktion der Kerbe zwischen zwei Berei- chen eines Strömungsführenden Bauteils. Zeichnung 2 erläutert die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Methode zur Konstruktion an einem Kreiselpumpenlaufrad, sowie die Vorteile einer generischen Fertigung. Reference to an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail. The drawing 1 shows the method according to the invention for constructing the notch between two areas of a flow-guiding component. Drawing 2 explains the application of the method according to the invention for the construction of a centrifugal pump impeller, as well as the advantages of a generic production.
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine beliebige Stelle an der die Kontur eines Bauteils von einem ersten Bereich 1 unstetig in einen zweiten Bereich 2 übergeht, wobei die beiden Bereiche einen Winkel 3 einschließen. An dieser Unstetigkeitsstelle entwickeln sich erhebliche Spannungen, die durch einen geeignet konstruierten geometrischen Verlauf stark deutlich beeinflusst werden können. Im Falle einer Sollbruchselle möchte man die Spannungen nutzen, um das Bauteil bei einer Schwellbelastung gezielt an der Unstetigkeits- stelle brechen zu lassen. Meist ist jedoch das Gegenteil erwünscht und die Unstetigkeitsstelle soll gegen die anliegenden Kräfte ausreichend belastbar sein. Traditionell wird hier eine sogenannte Ingenieurskerbe vorgesehen, die den Scharfen Winkel durch eine Rundung mit ausgewähltem Radius ausgestaltet. Anhand verschiedener Beobachtungen in der Natur hat sich eine Methode zur Gestaltung der Kerbe entwickelt, die einfach zu konstruieren ist und dennoch die Kraftverhältnisse an der Unstetigkeitsstelle so aufnimmt, dass die Belastungen des Bauteils bei minimalem Konstruktions- und Fertigungsaufwand sehr stark reduziert werden können. Hierzu wird durch den Winkel 3 eine Winkelhalbierende 4 konstruiert. Ein Punkt 5 wird auf dieser Winkelhalbierenden 4 ausgewählt. Durch diesen Punkt 5 werden senkrecht zu den Bereichen 1 und 2 die Geraden 6 und 7 gelegt. Zu diesen Geraden 6 und 7 wer- den im Punkt 5 unter dem Winkel 8 zu 45° Geraden angelegt, die die Bereiche 1 und 2 schneiden, wobei im Bereich 2 der Schnittpunkt 11 festgelegt wird. Die Strecke zwischen dem Punkt 5 und dem Punkt 11 wird halbiert, wodurch man den Punkt 9 erhält, an den unter dem Winkel 10 zu 22,5° eine Gerade angelegt wird, die den Bereich 2 in Punkt 13 schneidet. Die Strecke zwischen dem Punkt 9 und dem Punkt 3 wird wieder halbiert, wodurch man den Punkt 2 erhält, an den unter dem Winkel 14 zu 12,2° eine Gerade angelegt wird, die den Bereich 2 im Punkt 15 schneidet. Die Einhüllende dieser Konstruktion ergibt eine Kontur, die verschiedene Unstetigkeitsstellen aufweist. Dies wäre für eine zerspanende Bearbeitung eher nachteilig. In einem generativen Herstell- verfahren, wo das Werkstück durch aneinandersetzen einzelner Volumenelemente oder Materialschichten ersteilt wird, wo also in diskreten Einheiten gearbeitet wird, kann eine derartige Konstruktion ideal in ein Werkstück umgesetzt werden. FIG. 1 shows an arbitrary point at which the contour of a component changes discontinuously from a first region 1 into a second region 2, wherein the two regions enclose an angle 3. Significant stresses develop at this point of discontinuity, which can be strongly influenced by a suitably constructed geometric course. In the case of a predetermined breaking point, one would like to use the stresses in order to allow the component to be selectively broken at the discontinuity point during a threshold load. In most cases, however, the opposite is desirable and the point of discontinuity should be sufficiently resilient against the applied forces. Traditionally, a so-called engineering notch is provided here, which forms the sharp angle by a rounding with a selected radius. Based on various observations in nature, a method has been developed for the design of the notch, which is easy to construct and yet absorbs the force at the point of discontinuity so that the loads of the component can be greatly reduced with minimal design and manufacturing costs. For this purpose, an angle bisector 4 is constructed by the angle 3. A point 5 is selected on this bisector 4. By this point 5 are perpendicular to the areas 1 and 2, the lines 6 and 7 laid. To these straight lines 6 and 7 The laid in the point 5 at the angle 8 to 45 ° straight lines that intersect the areas 1 and 2, wherein in the area 2 of the intersection 11 is set. The distance between the point 5 and the point 11 is halved, whereby the point 9 is obtained, to which a straight line is applied at the angle 10 to 22.5 °, which intersects the area 2 at point 13. The distance between the point 9 and the point 3 is halved again, whereby one obtains the point 2, to which at the angle 14 to 12,2 ° a straight line is applied, which intersects the area 2 at the point 15. The envelope of this construction results in a contour having various points of discontinuity. This would be rather disadvantageous for a machining operation. In a generative manufacturing process, where the workpiece is shaped by juxtaposing individual volume elements or material layers, ie, where work is done in discrete units, such a construction can be ideally converted into a workpiece.
Die vorgestellte Konstruktion geht von einer nicht symmetrischen Belastung eines Bau- teils aus. Würde das Bauteil symmetrisch belastet, beispielsweise durch einen wechselweisen Links-/Rechtsiauf, dann ließe sich die Konstruktion symmetrisch in Richtung des ersten Bereichs 1 auf analoge Weise ergänzen. The proposed construction assumes a non-symmetrical loading of a component. If the component were loaded symmetrically, for example by an alternating left / right rotation, then the construction could be supplemented symmetrically in the direction of the first region 1 in an analogous manner.
Die Figur 2 zeigt eine beispielhafte Anwendung für die erfindungsgemäße Konstrukti- ons- und Herstellungsmethode. In der Figur 2a ist ein Laufrad 16 dargestellt, wie es beispielsweise in einer Kreiselpumpe zum Einsatz kommt. Das Laufrad 16 weist einen Nabenbereich 17 und eine Deckscheibe 20 auf. Weitere Details sind der Figur 2b zu entnehmen. Hier sind die Laufrandschaufeln 18 und eine weitere Deckscheibe zu sehen. Ein derartiges Laufrad mit den beiden Deckscheiben 20 und 19 wird als geschlos- senes Laufrad bezeichnet. Die Laufradschaufeln 18 weisen sowohl im Bereich der Laufradnabe 17 als auch im Bereich der Deckscheiben 19 und 20 jeweils Übergänge 21 und 22 auf, die den in Figur 1 beschriebenen entsprechen, im Bereich der Deckscheibe 19 lässt sich der Übergang 21 so beschreiben, dass die Fläche der Deckscheibe 19 den ersten Bereich 1 und das Laufrad 16 den zweiten Bereich 2 darstellt. Die an der Unste- tigkeitsstelle zwischen den beiden Bereichen 1 und 2 auftretenden Kräfte lassen sich aus den Parametern des Laufrades, der Flüssigkeit der Pumpe und der Anwendung ermitteln. Anhand dieser Kräfte wird der Punkt 5 in der zu konstruierenden Kerbe festgelegt. Mit diesem Punkt wird die Kerbe konstruiert. Wird das Laufrad 16 beispielsweise in einem 3d Druckverfahren hergestellt, so können die Konturen der Übergänge 21 und 22 an jeder Stelle des Laufrades mit der Genauigkeit der Auflösung des Druckverfah- rens hergestellt werden, ohne dass irgendeine Nachbearbeitung notwendig sein wird. Diese besonders vorteilhafte Kontur, die mit herkömmlichen spanenden Verfahren nicht mit entsprechender Formtreue herstellbar wäre, kann selbst an Stellen Konstruiert werden, die mit Werkzeugen zur Nachbearbeitung gar nicht erreichbar wären, was aus der Figur 2 zunächst nicht direkt ableitbar ist. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary application for the construction and production method according to the invention. FIG. 2a shows an impeller 16, as used, for example, in a centrifugal pump. The impeller 16 has a hub portion 17 and a cover plate 20. Further details can be taken from FIG. 2b. Here are the running edge blades 18 and another cover disc to see. Such an impeller with the two cover disks 20 and 19 is referred to as a closed impeller. The impeller blades 18 have transitions 21 and 22, which correspond to those described in FIG. 1, both in the region of the impeller hub 17 and in the region of the cover disks 19 and 20; in the region of the cover disk 19, the transition 21 can be described such that the surface the cover plate 19, the first region 1 and the impeller 16, the second region 2 represents. The forces occurring at the point of inequality between the two areas 1 and 2 can be determined from the parameters of the impeller, the fluid of the pump and the application. Based on these forces, the point 5 is set in the notch to be constructed. With this point, the notch is constructed. If the impeller 16 is produced for example in a 3d printing process, the contours of the transitions 21 and 22 at each point of the impeller can be compared with the accuracy of the resolution of the printing process. be made without any reworking will be necessary. This particularly advantageous contour, which would not be able to be produced with corresponding dimensional accuracy with conventional machining methods, can even be constructed at locations that would not be attainable with tools for post-processing, which is initially not directly derivable from FIG.
Das Vorgestellte Konstruktions- und Hersteilungsprinzip verknüpft den Effekt eines ge- nerischen 3d Druck-Herstellverfahrens, das prinzipbedingt mit diskreten Elementen arbeitet, in dem einzelne Voxel oder Schichten an ein Werkstück gefügt werden mit einer Methode der Optimierung einer nichtstetigen Oberflächengeometrie. Im Ergebnis kann auf eine weitere Nachbearbeitung des Werkstücks, bei der die einzelnen Schichten der Herstellung zu einem kontinuierlichen Körper„geglättet" werden müssen verzichtet werden. Die Anwendung bei dem gezeigten geschlossen Laufrad zeigen bereits die Vorteile bei der Herstellung und das Potenzial zur Materialeinsparung bei sorgfältiger Konstruktion. Besonders vorteilhaft kann die erfindungsgemäße Methode angewendet werd in einem innenraum, der nach der Herstellung des Rohteils gar nicht mehr von außen zugänglich ist. The concept of conception and manufacture points out the effect of a generic 3d printing process, which inherently works with discrete elements, in which individual voxels or layers are joined to a workpiece with a method of optimizing non-continuous surface geometry. As a result, there is no need for further post-processing of the workpiece, which requires the individual layers of manufacture to be "flattened" into a continuous body.The use of the closed impeller shown already demonstrates the manufacturing advantages and the potential for material savings with greater care The method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in an interior space which is no longer accessible from outside after the production of the blank.
Bezugszeichenlisie Bezugszeichenlisie
1 Erster Bereich 12 Punkt 1 first area 12 point
2 Zweiter Bereich 13 Punkt  2 Second area 13 point
3 Winkel 14 Winkel zu 12,25° 3 angle 14 angle to 12.25 °
4 Winkelhalbierende 15 Punkt 4 bisector 15 point
5 Punkt 16 Laufrad  5 point 16 impeller
6 Rechter Winkel 17 Laufradnabe 6 Right angle 17 Impeller hub
7 Rechter Winkel 18 Laufradschaufeln7 Right angle 18 impeller blades
8 Winkel zu 45° 19 Deckscheibe8 angles to 45 ° 19 cover disk
9 Punkt 20 Deckscheibe9 point 20 cover disc
10 Winkel zu 22,5° 21 Übergang10 angles to 22.5 ° 21 transition
11 Schnittpunkt 22 Übergang 11 intersection 22 transition

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Strömungsführendes Bauteil Flow guiding component
Strömungsführendes Bauteil, wobei bei dem Bauteil Übergänge zwischen einzelnen Bereichen durch Kerben behaftet sind, wobei das Lastkollektiv der Kerbe rechnerisch ermittelbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kerben, die von außen nur schwer und/oder gar nicht direkt zugänglich sind, entsprechend ihrer mechanischen Beanspruchung geometrisch ausgeformt sind. Flow-conducting component, wherein in the component transitions between individual areas are affected by notches, the load collective of the notch is computationally determined, characterized in that the notches, which are difficult and / or not directly accessible from the outside, according to their mechanical stress are geometrically shaped.
Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kerbe so ausgeführt ist, das ein Übergang bei dem Bauteil von einem ersten Bereich 1 zu einem zweiten Bereich 2 einen Winkel 3 einschließt, wobei die Winkelhalbierende des Winkels 3 ermittelt ist, wobei entlang dieser Winkelhalbierenden ein Punkt 5 bestimmt ist, wobei jeweils ein Lot von einem der Bereiche (1 , Flow-conducting component according to claim 1, characterized in that the notch is designed so that a transition in the component from a first region 1 to a second region 2 forms an angle 3, wherein the bisector of the angle 3 is determined, along which bisector a point 5 is determined, wherein in each case a lot of one of the regions (1,
2), die den Winkel 3 bilden, durch den Punkt 5 gefällt ist, wobei durch den Punkt 5 an das Lot eine Gerade mit einem Winkel 8 von 45° angelegt ist, wobei durch den Schnitt dieser Geraden mit dem Bereich (2) eine Strecke festgelegt ist, deren Mitte der Punkt 9 festlegt, wobei an den Punkt 9 eine Gerade mit einem Winkel 10 von 22,5° an die Strecke angelegt wird, die den Bereich (2) im Punkt 11 schneidet, wobei die einhüllende dieser Konstruktion die geometrische Ausgestaltung der Kerbe vorgibt. 2), which form the angle 3, is precipitated by the point 5, being applied by the point 5 to the perpendicular a straight line with an angle 8 of 45 °, wherein by the intersection of this line with the area (2) a distance is set, the center of which determines the point 9, wherein at the point 9, a straight line with an angle 10 of 22.5 ° is applied to the track that intersects the area (2) at the point 11, wherein the envelope of this construction, the geometric Design of the notch pretends.
3. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil mit einem generativen Verfahren hergestellt ist, bei dem insbesondere Metallpulver durch ein Strahlschmelzverfahren wie beispielsweise Laser- oder Elektronenstrahlschmelzen zu einem Bauteil verbunden werden. 3. Flow-conducting component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the component is produced by a generative process, in which in particular metal powder are connected by a beam melting process such as laser or electron beam melts to form a component.
4. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Kerbe im Innern des Bauteils angeordnet ist, insbesondere in einem Hohlraum und oder einer Hinterschneidung. 4. Flow-conducting component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one notch in the interior of the component is arranged, in particular in a cavity and or an undercut.
5. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil ein Pumpenbauteil, insbesondere einer Kreiselpumpe ist. 5. Flow-conducting component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component is a pump component, in particular a centrifugal pump.
6. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil ein Kreiselpumpenlaufrad ist. 6. Flow-conducting component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component is a centrifugal pump impeller.
7. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil ein Inducer ist. 7. Flow-conducting component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component is an inducer.
8. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil aus einem Eisenbasiswerkstoff hergestellt ist. 8. Flow-conducting component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component is made of an iron-based material.
9. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Eisenbasiswerkstoff ein austenitischer oder martensitischer oder ferritischer oder Duplex-Werkstoff ist. 9. Flow-conducting component according to claim 8, characterized in that the iron-based material is an austenitic or martensitic or ferritic or duplex material.
10. Strömungsführendes Bauteil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Eisenbasiswerkstoff ein Grau- oder Sphäroguss-Werkstoff ist. 10. Flow-conducting component according to claim 8, characterized in that the iron-based material is a gray or nodular cast iron material.
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PT3175119T (en) 2018-12-06
IL250009B (en) 2021-09-30

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