EP3166177A1 - Microwave frequency window - Google Patents

Microwave frequency window Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3166177A1
EP3166177A1 EP16194650.4A EP16194650A EP3166177A1 EP 3166177 A1 EP3166177 A1 EP 3166177A1 EP 16194650 A EP16194650 A EP 16194650A EP 3166177 A1 EP3166177 A1 EP 3166177A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
main metal
metal skirt
prestressing
microwave window
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Granted
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EP16194650.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3166177B1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Denis
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/04—Fixed joints
    • H01P1/042—Hollow waveguide joints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/30—Auxiliary devices for compensation of, or protection against, temperature or moisture effects ; for improving power handling capability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vacuum and ultra-vacuum sealed microwave windows, used in principle at the output of an electronic power tube for transmitting microwave electromagnetic energy between the inside of the tube (under high vacuum) and the outside (in atmospheric atmosphere for example).
  • the tube may in particular be an amplifier such as a traveling wave tube, with the acronym TOP in the French language or an acronym TWT in the English language for "traveling wave tube"), or a klystron for example. It can also be an oscillator (magnetron, etc ). Typically, it is desired to send the amplified energy inside the tube to a waveguide which contains air.
  • the microwave window ensures the free passage, at least in a given frequency band, of the electromagnetic energy to the waveguide while maintaining the vacuum seal inside the tube.
  • the windows comprise a flat insulating dielectric disk through which the electromagnetic energy passes.
  • this disc is alumina or other ceramic having not only very good dielectric properties but also good thermal conductivity and good resistance to high temperatures and high temperature gradients. Indeed, for high power tubes and operating with high electric fields, the passage of energy generates losses in the dielectric, so a significant heating.
  • the tubes concerned here can provide powers of several tens of kilowatts.
  • the dielectric disk can typically have dimensions of about ten centimeters in diameter for a thickness of 1 millimeter to a few millimeters.
  • the dielectric disc is brazed over its entire periphery against the inner surface of a cylindrical metal skirt (usually copper) surrounding it.
  • An object of the invention is to increase the power output of a microwave window, and therefore in particular to improve the resistance to thermal stresses while retaining the advantages of existing windows.
  • a microwave window comprising a dielectric disk, a main metal skirt brazed all around the periphery of the dielectric disk and a preload ring surrounding in contact the main metal skirt around the periphery of the dielectric disk and exerting at rest, over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk, a radial compression stress directed towards the center of the dielectric disk, said preload ring comprising an assembly of at least one cooling channel in the longitudinal direction of the prestressing ring.
  • the solution provided makes it possible to create a cooling circuit around the dielectric disk and a prestress.
  • This invention makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength in extension in the dielectric material. On the other hand by removing the calories due to microwave losses in the dielectric material, the constraints are thereby minimized.
  • Another advantage is the fact of having a window which remains cold while preserving the risk of thermal shock by too great a temperature difference between the outside and the center of the dielectric material.
  • the assembly is carried out in a single step such as for example by brazing and thus minimizes manufacturing costs.
  • this assembly is stable in the vicinity of 600 ° C because the preload ring is not adherent and therefore can relax during this thermal cycle.
  • the preload ring comprises an annular zone and is part of a preload assembly pressing on an outer surface of the main metal skirt around the periphery of the dielectric disk.
  • the preload ring is made of stainless steel.
  • Stainless steel is well suited to water circuits with good mechanical strength.
  • the preload assembly comprises at least a portion of a cooling circuit including the set of at least one cooling channel.
  • the prestressing assembly comprises elements made of at least one metal that is more rigid than that of the main metal skirt.
  • the microwave window further includes an additional metal skirt internal to the main metal skirt.
  • the thickness of the preload ring is between 2 and 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the preload ring depends on the diameter of the channels and the heat transfer fluid flow required.
  • the microwave window comprises a lubricating substance interposed between the preload ring and the main metal skirt, to prevent sintering between the preload ring and the main metal skirt in case of temperature rise of the ring. prestressing.
  • the lubricant is preferably graphite because it is particularly well suited.
  • the dielectric disc is ceramic because the ceramic at a limited cost.
  • the main metal skirt is copper, the copper to adapt to the expansions of the materials, and being a good electro-magnetic conductor.
  • the prestressing ring comprises an assembly of a plurality of cooling channels.
  • said cooling channels have an identical diameter of between 0.5 and 4 mm, which allows a homogeneous distribution of the prestressing.
  • the cooling channels have a regular spacing.
  • a method of manufacturing a microwave window consisting of placing a dielectric disk inside a main metal skirt, with a brazing material, and with a set between the periphery of the disk and the main metal skirt, placing the dielectric disk and the main metal skirt inside a prestressing assembly comprising a ring forcing a set of at least one cooling channel and surrounding the main metal skirt over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk, a clearance being formed between the prestressing ring and the main metal skirt, to place a brazing band around the preload ring with a clearance between the collar and the preload ring, the material of the hoop having a coefficient of expansion lower than that of the preload ring, to wear the fret assembly, preload ring, skirt main metal and dielectric disc at a temperature ensuring brazing of the dielectric disc in the main metal skirt, and to cool, the cooling providing a prestress in radial compression of the preload ring on the main metal skirt and on the dielectric disc
  • a lubricating substance preferably graphite, is interposed between the prestressing ring and the main metal skirt, preventing sintering. between the preload ring and the main metal skirt in case of temperature rise of the ring.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 schematically illustrate a method of manufacturing a microwave window, according to one aspect of the invention.
  • a microwave window 1 consisting in placing a dielectric disk 2 inside a main metal skirt 3 or window skirt, with a brazing material, and with a small clearance 4 between the periphery of the disk dielectric 2 and the main metal skirt 3, to place the dielectric disk 2 and the main metal skirt 3 inside a prestressing assembly 5.
  • the prestressing assembly 5 comprises a preload ring 6 pierced with an assembly of at least one cooling channel 7 and surrounding the main metal skirt 3 over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk 2, a clearance 8 being formed between the ring prestressing device 6 and the main metal skirt 3.
  • the prestressing ring (6) is of annular shape.
  • a brazing ring 9 is placed around the preload ring 6 with a clearance 10 between the hoop 9 and the preload ring 6, the material of the hoop 9 having a coefficient of expansion lower than that of the preload ring 6 .
  • the fret assembly 9, preload ring 6, main metal skirt 3 and dielectric disk 2 are brought to a temperature ensuring the brazing of the dielectric disk 2 in the main metal skirt 3, typically greater than 700 ° C., and to allow to cool, the cooling providing prestressing in radial compression of the preload ring 6 on the main metal skirt 3 and on the dielectric disk 2.
  • the microwave window remains open and can receive a flange on each side to ensure the connection for example to a tube outlet on one side and the flange or customer connection on the other side, or to place on each side, in the case of a microwave transmission window, a client interface on either side of the cooled prestressing window.
  • the prestressing assembly 5 comprises at least part of a cooling circuit (not shown) comprising the cooling channels 7.
  • the prestressing assembly 5 comprises two inputs / outputs 14 and 15 that can be connected to a circuit cooling.
  • the size, the shape and the spacing of the channels 7 makes it possible to adjust, on the one hand, the flow rate of the coolant, such as water or water and glycol, and on the other hand to adjust the desired level of prestressing.
  • the coolant such as water or water and glycol
  • the figure 1 thus illustrates the assembly of the elements of the microwave window before brazing.
  • the parts of the brazing equipment make it possible to ensure the brazing games.
  • the prestressing is carried out during assembly, for example by soldering, of the assembly at high temperature, typically greater than 700 ° C.
  • the hoop 9 in a material whose expansion coefficient is smaller than that of the material of the dielectric disk, makes it possible to progressively deform the cooling circuit and the outside diameter of the preload ring 6 in order to adjust the assembly parameters.
  • the figure 2 thus illustrates the assembly of the elements of the microwave window during brazing.
  • the prestressing ring 6 prints a compressive stress on the main metal skirt / thickness-dependent dielectric disk assembly 6/2, the volume of the cooling circuit (set of channels 7) and the mechanical properties of the material of the prestressing ring 6.
  • the parts return to ambient temperature by compressing the assembly.
  • the figure 3 thus illustrates the assembly of the elements of the microwave window after soldering.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the microwave window obtained by this method, or, in other words, the assembly of the elements of the microwave window produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) comportant un disque diélectrique (2), une jupe métallique principale (3) brasée tout autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2) et une bague de précontrainte (6) entourant en contact la jupe métallique principale (3) autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2) et exerçant au repos, sur toute la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2), une contrainte de compression radiale dirigée vers le centre du disque diélectrique (2), ladite bague de précontrainte (6) comprenant un ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement (7) dans le sens longitudinal de la bague de précontrainte (6).Microwave window (1) comprising a dielectric disk (2), a main metal skirt (3) brazed all around the periphery of the dielectric disk (2) and a preload ring (6) surrounding the main metallic skirt (3) in contact around the periphery of the dielectric disk (2) and exerting at rest, over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk (2), a radial compressive stress directed towards the center of the dielectric disk (2), said preload ring (6) comprising an assembly of at least one cooling channel (7) in the longitudinal direction of the prestressing ring (6).

Description

La présente invention concerne les fenêtres hyperfréquence étanches au vide et à l'ultra-vide, utilisées en principe à la sortie d'un tube électronique de puissance pour transmettre une énergie électromagnétique hyperfréquence entre l'intérieur du tube (sous vide poussé) et l'extérieur (en ambiance atmosphérique par exemple).The present invention relates to vacuum and ultra-vacuum sealed microwave windows, used in principle at the output of an electronic power tube for transmitting microwave electromagnetic energy between the inside of the tube (under high vacuum) and the outside (in atmospheric atmosphere for example).

Le tube peut être notamment un amplificateur tel qu'un tube à ondes progressives, d'acronyme TOP en langue française ou d'acronyme TWT en langue anglaise pour "travelling wave tube"), ou un klystron par exemple. Ce peut être aussi un oscillateur (magnétron, etc...). Typiquement, on souhaite envoyer l'énergie amplifiée à l'intérieur du tube vers un guide d'onde qui contient de l'air. La fenêtre hyperfréquence assure le passage libre, au moins dans une bande de fréquences donnée, de l'énergie électromagnétique vers le guide d'onde tout en maintenant l'étanchéité du vide à l'intérieur du tube.The tube may in particular be an amplifier such as a traveling wave tube, with the acronym TOP in the French language or an acronym TWT in the English language for "traveling wave tube"), or a klystron for example. It can also be an oscillator (magnetron, etc ...). Typically, it is desired to send the amplified energy inside the tube to a waveguide which contains air. The microwave window ensures the free passage, at least in a given frequency band, of the electromagnetic energy to the waveguide while maintaining the vacuum seal inside the tube.

Classiquement, les fenêtres comprennent un disque plat en diélectrique isolant, à travers lequel passe l'énergie électromagnétique. Le plus souvent, ce disque est en alumine ou une autre céramique ayant non seulement de très bonnes propriétés diélectriques mais aussi une bonne conductivité thermique et une bonne résistance aux hautes températures et aux forts gradients de température. En effet, pour des tubes de forte puissance et fonctionnant avec des champs électriques élevés, le passage de l'énergie engendre des pertes dans le diélectrique, donc un échauffement important. Les tubes concernés ici peuvent fournir des puissances de plusieurs dizaines de kilowatts. Le disque diélectrique peut avoir typiquement des dimensions d'une dizaine de centimètres de diamètre pour une épaisseur de 1 millimètre à quelques millimètres.Conventionally, the windows comprise a flat insulating dielectric disk through which the electromagnetic energy passes. Most often, this disc is alumina or other ceramic having not only very good dielectric properties but also good thermal conductivity and good resistance to high temperatures and high temperature gradients. Indeed, for high power tubes and operating with high electric fields, the passage of energy generates losses in the dielectric, so a significant heating. The tubes concerned here can provide powers of several tens of kilowatts. The dielectric disk can typically have dimensions of about ten centimeters in diameter for a thickness of 1 millimeter to a few millimeters.

Pour réaliser l'étanchéité, le disque diélectrique est brasé sur toute sa périphérie contre la surface intérieure d'une jupe cylindrique métallique (généralement en cuivre) qui l'entoure.To seal, the dielectric disc is brazed over its entire periphery against the inner surface of a cylindrical metal skirt (usually copper) surrounding it.

Il est connu des réalisations qui permettant soit de réaliser un frettage et d'appliquer sur l'assemblage une précontrainte le brevet européen EP 1 364 425 EP (Thales), soit de refroidir sans réaliser de précontrainte.It is known achievements that allow to achieve a hooping and apply on the assembly a prestressing the European patent EP 1 364 425 EP (Thales), to cool without performing prestressing.

Un but de l'invention est de permettre d'augmenter les puissances en sortie d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence, et donc notamment d'améliorer la résistance aux contraintes thermiques tout en conservant les avantages des fenêtres existantes.An object of the invention is to increase the power output of a microwave window, and therefore in particular to improve the resistance to thermal stresses while retaining the advantages of existing windows.

Aussi, il est proposé, selon un aspect de l'invention, une fenêtre hyperfréquence comportant un disque diélectrique, une jupe métallique principale brasée tout autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique et une bague de précontrainte entourant en contact la jupe métallique principale autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique et exerçant au repos, sur toute la périphérie du disque diélectrique, une contrainte de compression radiale dirigée vers le centre du disque diélectrique, ladite bague de précontrainte comprenant un ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement dans le sens longitudinal de la bague de précontrainte.Also, it is proposed, according to one aspect of the invention, a microwave window comprising a dielectric disk, a main metal skirt brazed all around the periphery of the dielectric disk and a preload ring surrounding in contact the main metal skirt around the periphery of the dielectric disk and exerting at rest, over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk, a radial compression stress directed towards the center of the dielectric disk, said preload ring comprising an assembly of at least one cooling channel in the longitudinal direction of the prestressing ring.

La solution apportée permet de créer un circuit de refroidissement autour du disque diélectrique et une précontrainte. Cette invention permet d'améliorer la tenue mécanique en extension dans le matériau diélectrique. D'autre part en évacuant les calories dues aux pertes hyperfréquences dans le matériau diélectrique, les contraintes sont de ce fait minimisées.The solution provided makes it possible to create a cooling circuit around the dielectric disk and a prestress. This invention makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength in extension in the dielectric material. On the other hand by removing the calories due to microwave losses in the dielectric material, the constraints are thereby minimized.

Un autre avantage est le fait d'avoir une fenêtre qui reste froide tout en se préservant du risque de choc thermique par un trop grand écart de températures entre l'extérieur et le centre du matériau diélectrique.Another advantage is the fact of having a window which remains cold while preserving the risk of thermal shock by too great a temperature difference between the outside and the center of the dielectric material.

Enfin, par sa conception, l'assemblage est réalisé en une seule étape comme par exemple par brasage et de ce fait permet de minimiser les coûts de fabrication. En outre, cet ensemble est étuvable au voisinage de 600°C car la bague de précontrainte n'est pas adhérente et donc peut se relaxer lors de ce cycle thermique.Finally, by its design, the assembly is carried out in a single step such as for example by brazing and thus minimizes manufacturing costs. In addition, this assembly is stable in the vicinity of 600 ° C because the preload ring is not adherent and therefore can relax during this thermal cycle.

Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser une contrainte de compression entre 100 et 1000 bars.Thus, it is possible to achieve a compressive stress between 100 and 1000 bar.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la bague de précontrainte comprend une zone annulaire et est partie d'un ensemble de précontrainte appuyant sur une surface extérieure de la jupe métallique principale autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique.In one embodiment, the preload ring comprises an annular zone and is part of a preload assembly pressing on an outer surface of the main metal skirt around the periphery of the dielectric disk.

Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser une zone annulaire dans un matériau différent du reste de l'ensemble de précontrainte, pour mieux maîtriser la précontrainte appliquée avec un matériau adapté.Thus, it is possible to make an annular zone in a different material from the rest of the prestressing assembly, to better control the preload applied with a suitable material.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la bague de précontrainte est en acier inoxydable.According to one embodiment, the preload ring is made of stainless steel.

L'acier inoxydable est bien adapté à des circuit d'eau avec une bonne tenue mécanique.Stainless steel is well suited to water circuits with good mechanical strength.

Dans un mode de réalisation, l'ensemble de précontrainte comprend au moins une partie d'un circuit de refroidissement comprenant l'ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement.In one embodiment, the preload assembly comprises at least a portion of a cooling circuit including the set of at least one cooling channel.

Ainsi, il est possible de raccorder la fenêtre à un circuit de refroidissement extérieur.Thus, it is possible to connect the window to an external cooling circuit.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'ensemble de précontrainte comprend des éléments en au moins un métal plus rigide que celui de la jupe métallique principale.According to one embodiment, the prestressing assembly comprises elements made of at least one metal that is more rigid than that of the main metal skirt.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la fenêtre hyperfréquence comprend, en outre, une jupe métallique additionnelle interne à la jupe métallique principale.In one embodiment, the microwave window further includes an additional metal skirt internal to the main metal skirt.

Ainsi, il est aisé de faire une fenêtre coaxiale.Thus, it is easy to make a coaxial window.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'épaisseur de la bague de précontrainte est comprise entre 2 et 10 mm.According to one embodiment, the thickness of the preload ring is between 2 and 10 mm.

L'épaisseur de la bague de précontrainte dépend du diamètre des canaux et du débit de fluide caloporteur nécessaire.The thickness of the preload ring depends on the diameter of the channels and the heat transfer fluid flow required.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la fenêtre hyperfréquence comprend une substance de lubrification interposée entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale, pour empêcher un frittage entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale en cas d'élévation de température de la bague de précontrainte.In one embodiment, the microwave window comprises a lubricating substance interposed between the preload ring and the main metal skirt, to prevent sintering between the preload ring and the main metal skirt in case of temperature rise of the ring. prestressing.

La substance de lubrification est de préférence du graphite, car il est particulièrement bien adapté.The lubricant is preferably graphite because it is particularly well suited.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le disque diélectrique est en céramique, car la céramique à un coût limité.According to one embodiment, the dielectric disc is ceramic because the ceramic at a limited cost.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la jupe métallique principale est en cuivre, le cuivre permettant de s'adapter aux dilatations des matériaux, et étant un bon conducteur électro-magnétique.In one embodiment, the main metal skirt is copper, the copper to adapt to the expansions of the materials, and being a good electro-magnetic conductor.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la bague de précontrainte comprend un ensemble d'une pluralité de canaux de refroidissement.According to one embodiment, the prestressing ring comprises an assembly of a plurality of cooling channels.

Par exemple, lesdits canaux de refroidissement ont un diamètre identique compris entre 0,5 et 4 mm, ce qui permet une répartition homogène de la précontrainte.For example, said cooling channels have an identical diameter of between 0.5 and 4 mm, which allows a homogeneous distribution of the prestressing.

Les canaux de refroidissement ont un espacement régulier.The cooling channels have a regular spacing.

Il est également proposé, selon un autre aspect de l'invention , un procédé de fabrication d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence consistant à placer un disque diélectrique à l'intérieur d'une jupe métallique principale, avec une matière de brasage, et avec un jeu entre la périphérie du disque et la jupe métallique principale, à placer le disque diélectrique et la jupe métallique principale à l'intérieur d'un ensemble de précontrainte comprenant une bague de précontrainte percée d'un ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement et entourant la jupe métallique principale sur toute la périphérie du disque diélectrique, un jeu étant ménagé entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale, à placer une frette de brasage autour de la bague de précontrainte avec un jeu entre la frette et la bague de précontrainte, le matériau de la frette ayant un coefficient de dilatation plus faible que celui de la bague de précontrainte, à porter l'ensemble frette, bague de précontrainte, jupe métallique principale et disque diélectrique à une température assurant le brasage du disque diélectrique dans la jupe métallique principale, et à laisser refroidir, le refroidissement assurant une précontrainte en compression radiale de la bague de précontrainte sur la jupe métallique principale et sur le disque diélectrique.It is also proposed, according to another aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing a microwave window consisting of placing a dielectric disk inside a main metal skirt, with a brazing material, and with a set between the periphery of the disk and the main metal skirt, placing the dielectric disk and the main metal skirt inside a prestressing assembly comprising a ring forcing a set of at least one cooling channel and surrounding the main metal skirt over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk, a clearance being formed between the prestressing ring and the main metal skirt, to place a brazing band around the preload ring with a clearance between the collar and the preload ring, the material of the hoop having a coefficient of expansion lower than that of the preload ring, to wear the fret assembly, preload ring, skirt main metal and dielectric disc at a temperature ensuring brazing of the dielectric disc in the main metal skirt, and to cool, the cooling providing a prestress in radial compression of the preload ring on the main metal skirt and on the dielectric disc.

Dans un mode de mise en oeuvre, avant la mise en place de la bague de précontrainte autour de la jupe métallique principale, on interpose entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale une substance de lubrification, de préférence du graphite, empêchant un frittage entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale en cas d'élévation de température de la bague.In one embodiment, before the setting of the prestressing ring around the main metal skirt, a lubricating substance, preferably graphite, is interposed between the prestressing ring and the main metal skirt, preventing sintering. between the preload ring and the main metal skirt in case of temperature rise of the ring.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de quelques modes de réalisation décrits à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs et illustrés par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1 à 3 illustrent schématiquement un procédé de fabrication d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence, selon un aspect de l'invention; et
  • la figure 4 illustre une fenêtre hyperfréquence, selon un aspect de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood by studying a few embodiments described by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1 to 3 schematically illustrate a method of manufacturing a microwave window, according to one aspect of the invention; and
  • the figure 4 illustrates a microwave window, according to one aspect of the invention.

Sur l'ensemble des figures, les éléments ayant des références identiques sont similaires. les modes de réalisation décrits sont nullement limitatifs.In all the figures, the elements having identical references are similar. the embodiments described are in no way limiting.

Dans la présente description, les caractéristiques et fonctions bien connues de l'homme du métier ne sont pas décrites en détails.In this description, the features and functions well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail.

Les figures 1 à 3 illustrent schématiquement un procédé de fabrication d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence, selon un aspect de l'invention.The Figures 1 to 3 schematically illustrate a method of manufacturing a microwave window, according to one aspect of the invention.

Sur la figure 1 les pièces de la d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence sont indépendantes.On the figure 1 the parts of a microwave window are independent.

Le procédé de fabrication d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence 1 consistant à placer un disque diélectrique 2 à l'intérieur d'une jupe métallique principale 3 ou jupe de fenêtre, avec une matière de brasage, et avec un faible jeu 4 entre la périphérie du disque diélectrique 2 et la jupe métallique principale 3, à placer le disque diélectrique 2 et la jupe métallique principale 3 a l'intérieur d'un ensemble de précontrainte 5.The method of manufacturing a microwave window 1 consisting in placing a dielectric disk 2 inside a main metal skirt 3 or window skirt, with a brazing material, and with a small clearance 4 between the periphery of the disk dielectric 2 and the main metal skirt 3, to place the dielectric disk 2 and the main metal skirt 3 inside a prestressing assembly 5.

L'ensemble de précontrainte 5 comprend une bague de précontrainte 6 percée d'un ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement 7 et entourant la jupe métallique principale 3 sur toute la périphérie du disque diélectrique 2, un jeu 8 étant ménagé entre la bague de précontrainte 6 et la jupe métallique principale 3. Sur les figures, la bague de précontrainte (6) est de forme annulaire.The prestressing assembly 5 comprises a preload ring 6 pierced with an assembly of at least one cooling channel 7 and surrounding the main metal skirt 3 over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk 2, a clearance 8 being formed between the ring prestressing device 6 and the main metal skirt 3. In the figures, the prestressing ring (6) is of annular shape.

On place une frette 9 de brasage autour de la bague de précontrainte 6 avec un jeu 10 entre la frette 9 et la bague de précontrainte 6, le matériau de la frette 9 ayant un coefficient de dilatation plus faible que celui de la bague de précontrainte 6.A brazing ring 9 is placed around the preload ring 6 with a clearance 10 between the hoop 9 and the preload ring 6, the material of the hoop 9 having a coefficient of expansion lower than that of the preload ring 6 .

On porte l'ensemble frette 9, bague de précontrainte 6, jupe métallique principale 3 et disque diélectrique 2 à une température assurant le brasage du disque diélectrique 2 dans la jupe métallique principale 3, typiquement supérieure à 700 °C, et à laisser refroidir, le refroidissement assurant une précontrainte en compression radiale de la bague de précontrainte 6 sur la jupe métallique principale 3 et sur le disque diélectrique 2.The fret assembly 9, preload ring 6, main metal skirt 3 and dielectric disk 2 are brought to a temperature ensuring the brazing of the dielectric disk 2 in the main metal skirt 3, typically greater than 700 ° C., and to allow to cool, the cooling providing prestressing in radial compression of the preload ring 6 on the main metal skirt 3 and on the dielectric disk 2.

La fenêtre hyperfréquences reste ouverte et peut recevoir une flasque de chaque côté pour assurer le raccordement par exemple à une sortie tube d'un côté et à la bride ou au raccordement client de l'autre coté, voire de placer de chaque côté, dans le cas d'une fenêtre de transmission hyperfréquences, une interface client de part et d'autre de la fenêtre précontrainte refroidie.The microwave window remains open and can receive a flange on each side to ensure the connection for example to a tube outlet on one side and the flange or customer connection on the other side, or to place on each side, in the case of a microwave transmission window, a client interface on either side of the cooled prestressing window.

Sur les figures de la présente demande est représentée une jupe métallique additionnelle 13, optionnelle, interne à la jupe métallique principale 3, permettant de réaliser, par exemple une fenêtre coaxiale.In the figures of the present application is shown an additional metal skirt 13, optional, internal to the main metal skirt 3, for producing, for example a coaxial window.

L'ensemble de précontrainte 5 comprend au moins une partie d'un circuit de refroidissement non représenté comprenant les canaux de refroidissement 7. En l'occurrence l'ensemble de précontrainte 5 comprend deux entrées/sorties 14 et 15 pouvant être reliées à un circuit de refroidissement.The prestressing assembly 5 comprises at least part of a cooling circuit (not shown) comprising the cooling channels 7. In this case, the prestressing assembly 5 comprises two inputs / outputs 14 and 15 that can be connected to a circuit cooling.

La dimension, la forme et l'espacement des canaux 7 permet d'ajuster d'une part le débit du fluide caloporteur de refroidissement, tel de l'eau ou de l'eau et du glycol, et d'autre part d'ajuster le niveau de précontrainte souhaité.The size, the shape and the spacing of the channels 7 makes it possible to adjust, on the one hand, the flow rate of the coolant, such as water or water and glycol, and on the other hand to adjust the desired level of prestressing.

La figure 1 illustre donc l'assemblage des éléments de la fenêtre hyperfréquences avant brasage.The figure 1 thus illustrates the assembly of the elements of the microwave window before brazing.

Comme illustré sur la figure 2, les pièces de l'outillage de brasage, non représentées, permettent d'assurer les jeux de brasage.As illustrated on the figure 2 , the parts of the brazing equipment, not shown, make it possible to ensure the brazing games.

La jupe métallique principale 3, généralement en cuivre, est assemblée de manière étanche contre le disque diélectrique 2, généralement en céramique, et également au niveau de chaque extrémité de la bague de précontrainte 6 afin de réaliser l'étanchéité du circuit de refroidissement.The main metal skirt 3, generally made of copper, is sealingly assembled against the dielectric disk 2, generally ceramic, and also at each end of the preload ring 6 in order to seal the cooling circuit.

La précontrainte est réalisée lors de l'assemblage, par exemple par brasage, de l'ensemble à haute température, typiquement supérieure à 700 °C.The prestressing is carried out during assembly, for example by soldering, of the assembly at high temperature, typically greater than 700 ° C.

La frette 9, dans un matériau dont le coefficient de dilatation est inférieur à celui du matériau du disque diélectrique, permet de déformer progressivement le circuit de refroidissement et le diamètre extérieur de la bague de précontrainte 6 afin d'ajuster les paramètres d'assemblage.The hoop 9, in a material whose expansion coefficient is smaller than that of the material of the dielectric disk, makes it possible to progressively deform the cooling circuit and the outside diameter of the preload ring 6 in order to adjust the assembly parameters.

La figure 2 illustre donc l'assemblage des éléments de la fenêtre hyperfréquences lors du brasage.The figure 2 thus illustrates the assembly of the elements of the microwave window during brazing.

Comme illustré sur la figure 3, au refroidissement du cycle d'assemblage, la bague de précontrainte 6 imprime une contrainte de compression sur l'assemblage jupe métallique principale/disque diélectrique 6/2 dépendant de son épaisseur, du volume du circuit de refroidissement (ensemble de canaux 7) et des propriétés mécaniques du matériau de la bague de précontrainte 6. Les pièces reviennent à la température ambiante en comprimant l'assemblage.As illustrated on the figure 3 at the cooling of the assembly cycle, the prestressing ring 6 prints a compressive stress on the main metal skirt / thickness-dependent dielectric disk assembly 6/2, the volume of the cooling circuit (set of channels 7) and the mechanical properties of the material of the prestressing ring 6. The parts return to ambient temperature by compressing the assembly.

La figure 3 illustre donc l'assemblage des éléments de la fenêtre hyperfréquences à l'issue du brasage.The figure 3 thus illustrates the assembly of the elements of the microwave window after soldering.

La figure 4 illustre la fenêtre hyperfréquence obtenue par ce procédé, ou, en d'autres termes l'assemblage des éléments de la fenêtre hyperfréquences réalisé.The figure 4 illustrates the microwave window obtained by this method, or, in other words, the assembly of the elements of the microwave window produced.

Claims (15)

Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) comportant un disque diélectrique (2), une jupe métallique principale (3) brasée tout autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2) et une bague de précontrainte (6) entourant en contact la jupe métallique principale (3) autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2) et exerçant au repos, sur toute la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2), une contrainte de compression radiale dirigée vers le centre du disque diélectrique (2), ladite bague de précontrainte (6) comprenant un ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement (7) dans le sens longitudinal de la bague de précontrainte (6).Microwave window (1) comprising a dielectric disk (2), a main metal skirt (3) brazed all around the periphery of the dielectric disk (2) and a preload ring (6) surrounding the main metallic skirt (3) in contact around the periphery of the dielectric disk (2) and exerting at rest, over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk (2), a radial compressive stress directed towards the center of the dielectric disk (2), said preload ring (6) comprising an assembly of at least one cooling channel (7) in the longitudinal direction of the prestressing ring (6). Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la bague de précontrainte (6) comprend une zone annulaire et est partie d'un ensemble de précontrainte (5) appuyant sur une surface extérieure de la jupe métallique principale (3) autour de la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2).A microwave window (1) according to claim 1, wherein the preload ring (6) comprises an annular zone and is part of a prestressing assembly (5) pressing on an outer surface of the main metal skirt (3) around the periphery of the dielectric disk (2). Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle la bague de précontrainte (6) est en acier inoxydable.Microwave window (1) according to claim 2, wherein the preload ring (6) is made of stainless steel. Fenêtre hyperfréquence selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans laquelle l'ensemble de précontrainte (5) comprend au moins une partie d'un circuit de refroidissement (14, 15) comprenant l'ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement (7).Microwave window according to Claim 2 or 3, in which the prestressing assembly (5) comprises at least part of a cooling circuit (14, 15) comprising the assembly of at least one cooling channel (7) . Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, dans laquelle l'ensemble de précontrainte (5) comprend des éléments (6) en au moins un métal plus rigide que celui de la jupe métallique principale (3).Microwave window (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the prestressing assembly (5) comprises elements (6) in at least one metal more rigid than that of the main metal skirt (3). Fenêtre hyperfréquence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant, en outre une jupe métallique additionnelle (13) interne à la jupe métallique principale (3).Microwave window according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an additional metal skirt (13) internal to the main metal skirt (3). Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'épaisseur de la bague de précontrainte (6) est comprise entre 2 et 10 mm.Microwave window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the preload ring (6) is between 2 and 10 mm. Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une substance de lubrification interposée entre la bague de précontrainte (6) et la jupe métallique principale (3), pour empêcher un frittage entre la bague de précontrainte (6) et la jupe métallique principale (3) en cas d'élévation de température de la bague de précontrainte (6).Microwave window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a lubricating substance interposed between the preload ring (6) and the main metal skirt (3), to prevent sintering between the preload ring (6) and the main metal skirt (3) in case of temperature rise of the preload ring (6). Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le disque diélectrique (2) est en céramique.Microwave window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dielectric disk (2) is ceramic. Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la jupe métallique principale (3) est en cuivre.Microwave window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the main metal skirt (3) is copper. Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la bague de précontrainte (6) comprend un ensemble d'une pluralité de canaux de refroidissement (7).Microwave window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the preload ring (6) comprises an assembly of a plurality of cooling channels (7). Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle lesdits canaux de refroidissement (7) ont un diamètre identique compris entre 0,5 et 4 mm.Microwave window (1) according to claim 11, wherein said cooling channels (7) have an identical diameter of between 0.5 and 4 mm. Fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans laquelle lesdits canaux de refroidissement (7) ont un espacement régulier.Microwave window (1) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said cooling channels (7) have a regular spacing. Procédé de fabrication d'une fenêtre hyperfréquence (1) consistant à placer un disque diélectrique (2) à l'intérieur d'une jupe métallique principale (3), avec une matière de brasage, et avec un jeu (4) entre la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2) et la jupe métallique principale (3), à placer le disque diélectrique (2) et la jupe métallique principale (3) à l'intérieur d'un ensemble de précontrainte (5) comprenant une bague de précontrainte (6) percée d'un ensemble d'au moins un canal de refroidissement (7) et entourant la jupe métallique principale (3) sur toute la périphérie du disque diélectrique (2), un jeu (8) étant ménagé entre la bague de précontrainte (6) et la jupe métallique principale (3), à placer une frette (9) de brasage autour de la bague de précontrainte (6) avec un jeu entre la frette (9) et la bague de précontrainte (6), le matériau de la frette (9) ayant un coefficient de dilatation plus faible que celui de la bague de précontrainte (6), à porter l'ensemble frette (9), bague de précontrainte (6), jupe métallique principale (3) et disque diélectrique (2) à une température assurant le brasage du disque diélectrique (2) dans la jupe métallique principale (3), et à laisser refroidir, le refroidissement assurant une précontrainte en compression radiale de la bague de précontrainte (6) sur la jupe métallique principale (3) et sur le disque diélectrique (2).Method of manufacturing a microwave window (1) consisting of placing a dielectric disk (2) inside a main metal skirt (3), with a brazing material, and with a clearance (4) between the periphery of the dielectric disk (2) and the main metal skirt (3), placing the dielectric disk (2) and the main metal skirt (3) inside a prestressing assembly (5) comprising a preload ring (6) pierced with a set of at least one cooling channel (7) and surrounding the main metal skirt (3) over the entire periphery of the dielectric disk (2), a clearance (8) being provided between the prestressing ring (6) and the main metal skirt (3), placing a brazing ring (9) around the prestressing ring (6) with a clearance between the hoop (9) and the prestressing ring ( 6), the material of the hoop (9) having a coefficient of expansion lower than that of the preload ring (6), to wear the hoop assembly (9), preload ring (6), main metal skirt ( 3) and dielectric disc (2) at a temperature ensuring soldering of the dielectric disc (2) in the main metal skirt (3), and cooling, the cooling ensuring a prestress in radial compression of the prestressing ring (6) on the main metal skirt (3) and on the dielectric disk ( 2). Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel avant la mise en place de la bague de précontrainte autour de la jupe métallique principale, on interpose entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale une substance de lubrification, empêchant un frittage entre la bague de précontrainte et la jupe métallique principale en cas d'élévation de température de la bague.A method according to claim 14, wherein prior to placing the prestressing ring around the main metal skirt, a lubricating substance is interposed between the prestressing ring and the main metal skirt, preventing sintering between the prestressing ring. and the main metal skirt in case of temperature rise of the ring.
EP16194650.4A 2015-11-06 2016-10-19 Microwave frequency window Active EP3166177B1 (en)

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FR1502344A FR3043497B1 (en) 2015-11-06 2015-11-06 HYPERFREQUENCY WINDOW

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2082844A (en) * 1980-07-26 1982-03-10 Philips Nv Microwave window assembly
JPH10270902A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-09 Toshiba Corp Structural body for air-tight window for waveguide
US20020067229A1 (en) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-06 Wilhelm Lubbers Microwave window
FR2821487A1 (en) * 2001-02-23 2002-08-30 Thales Electron Devices Sa CERAMIC MICROWAVE WINDOW
CN101789534A (en) * 2009-12-22 2010-07-28 安徽华东光电技术研究所 High power box-shaped window

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3993969A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum-tight window arrangement for rectangular waveguides
FR2558306B1 (en) * 1984-01-17 1988-01-22 Thomson Csf CIRCULAR WINDOW FOR MICROWAVE WAVEGUIDE
US4799036A (en) * 1987-12-07 1989-01-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Radio frequency coaxial feedthrough

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2082844A (en) * 1980-07-26 1982-03-10 Philips Nv Microwave window assembly
JPH10270902A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-09 Toshiba Corp Structural body for air-tight window for waveguide
US20020067229A1 (en) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-06 Wilhelm Lubbers Microwave window
FR2821487A1 (en) * 2001-02-23 2002-08-30 Thales Electron Devices Sa CERAMIC MICROWAVE WINDOW
EP1364425A1 (en) 2001-02-23 2003-11-26 Thales Electron Devices S.A. Ceramic microwave frequency window
CN101789534A (en) * 2009-12-22 2010-07-28 安徽华东光电技术研究所 High power box-shaped window

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JP2017092954A (en) 2017-05-25
JP6873655B2 (en) 2021-05-19
US10084221B2 (en) 2018-09-25
FR3043497B1 (en) 2019-05-10
US20170133734A1 (en) 2017-05-11
EP3166177B1 (en) 2021-11-03

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