EP3164929A2 - Electromagnetic motor comprising radial air gaps and a rotor surrounded by two stators, reducing cogging torque - Google Patents

Electromagnetic motor comprising radial air gaps and a rotor surrounded by two stators, reducing cogging torque

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Publication number
EP3164929A2
EP3164929A2 EP15754255.6A EP15754255A EP3164929A2 EP 3164929 A2 EP3164929 A2 EP 3164929A2 EP 15754255 A EP15754255 A EP 15754255A EP 3164929 A2 EP3164929 A2 EP 3164929A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
rotor
stator
teeth
tooth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15754255.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Romain RAVAUD
Huguette TIEGNA
Loïc MAYEUR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whylot SAS
Original Assignee
Whylot SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whylot SAS filed Critical Whylot SAS
Publication of EP3164929A2 publication Critical patent/EP3164929A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H02K1/30—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures using intermediate parts, e.g. spiders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polycentric electromagnetic motor and rotor radial magnetic flux framed by two stators with reduction of the detent torque which finds a particular but non-limiting application as a power steering motor in a motor vehicle.
  • an electric motor is used in addition to the manual steering force exerted by the driver of the vehicle.
  • Such an electromagnetic polycentric and magnetic flux motor comprises at least two stators flanking at least one rotor, an air gap, therefore at least one double gap, being defined between each of said at least two stators and said at least one rotor thus framed.
  • the rotor carries at least one series of permanent magnets, while at least one series of winding elements is carried by each stator.
  • each of the winding elements comprises a tooth carrying a coil, the tooth being framed on each of its sides by a notch, a good conductor wire being wound on the tooth to form the coil.
  • the rotor which is secured to the output shaft of the motor is subjected to a torque resulting from the magnetic field, the magnetic flux created being a radial flow.
  • a winding element comprises iron, the iron being able to be constituted by the winding support means or a central iron core for channeling the magnetic field passing through the winding element.
  • the winding element may also have iron teeth on which a winding is wound respectively.
  • CN201869064 discloses a polyentrefers motor with a double stator acting as a winding element surrounding a rotor acting as a permanent magnet element, these magnets being based on rare earths.
  • the rotor is thus positioned between the two stators, a winding being integrated in an assembly slot of the support tooth of a stator winding which also comprises an iron core.
  • the permanent magnets are embedded in a conductive ring to provide a multi-pole magnetic field for the air gaps on the left and right sides simultaneously.
  • Each stator can drive the rotor in rotation and the two stators can work simultaneously or alternately.
  • Such a dual stator motor and a single rare earth permanent magnet rotor provide increased output power and its efficiency is improved over a single gap motor.
  • iron losses can be of two types.
  • the first type concerns hysteresis losses due to the permanent magnetization of the magnetic path.
  • the second type relates to eddy current losses produced by the rotating magnetic field. These losses lead to a heating of the entire engine or generator as well as to torque losses due to a lower intensity of current available for the operation of the engine, especially at high speeds of operation.
  • Document DE-A-198 38 378 describes a radial flow motor comprising at least a double air gap comprising at least two stators flanking at least one rotor, an air gap being defined between each of said at least two stators and said at least one rotor and framed, at least one permanent magnet being carried by said at least one rotor, while a series of winding elements is carried by each stator being distributed successively, each of the winding elements comprising a tooth carrying a coil, each tooth being framed on each of its sides by a notch, said at least one magnet extending in the portion of the rotor between the two air gaps and each of the series winding elements comprising a non-coiled tooth between two teeth.
  • the magnet is composed of a series of magnets each separated by intermediate pieces and is therefore discontinuous.
  • it is a tooth similar to other teeth that does not wear winding that was taken as a separating element. It is therefore not possible in the engine according to this document to have a separating element which is smaller or larger than a tooth of the series or to have a separating element of a different material than tooth of the series.
  • the document WO-A-93/15547 substantially repeats the features of the preceding document by showing a discontinuous magnet formed of several parts but without, however, disclosing a separating element between the winding elements.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is, on the one hand, to obtain a radial flow electromagnetic motor which has the smallest possible space, in particular in its axial direction, and which can deliver a high mass torque and, d on the other hand, to reduce or even cancel the existing expansion torque in a polycarbonate motor with permanent magnets.
  • an electromagnetic radial flow motor especially for assisting the power steering in a motor vehicle, the engine comprising at least a double air gap comprising at least at least two stators flanking at least one rotor, an air gap being defined between each of said at least two stators and said at least one rotor thus framed, at least one permanent magnet being carried by said at least one rotor, while a series of winding elements is carried by each stator being distributed successively, each of the winding elements comprising a tooth carrying a coil, each tooth being framed on each of its sides by a notch, characterized in that the rotor comprises a single magnet s' extending completely into the portion of the rotor between the two air gaps and in that each of the series winding elements comprises a separating element disposed between each notch of a tooth and the notch of the successive tooth.
  • the present invention makes it possible to respond to power and space constraints in that it provides a high mass torque for a reduced diameter and an axial length smaller than the conventional structure with a single gap of the same diameter.
  • the magnet or magnets occupy the whole place of the rotor between the two air gaps, so the maximum space provided for the magnet or magnets, which increases the efficiency of the engine and makes the engine much more compact.
  • the magnet occupies the entire place of the rotor between the two air gaps, the magnet therefore extends in the largest possible space, which increases the efficiency of the engine and makes the engine much more compact.
  • the magnet in one piece is easier to position between the two gaps than a series of magnets.
  • each separation element when ferromagnetic, is used for channeling the magnetic flux emitted by the winding elements for both the internal stator and the outer stator, this between all the teeth.
  • the invention further comprises at least any of the following:
  • the separating element protrudes from the winding element in a manner similar to the teeth, that is to say having the same height.
  • the teeth and the separation elements forming part of a series of winding elements of the same each stator have different widths.
  • the teeth of the outer stator are offset relative to the teeth of the inner stator so that the apex angle at the center of the motor flanking a tooth width with its associated notches of the outer stator is offset with respect to the angle at the apex framing a tooth width with its associated notches of the internal stator.
  • the teeth are made of plastic, composite, ceramic or glass material.
  • the separating elements may be made of insulating material.
  • the notches of all the winding series have means for channeling the magnetic flux.
  • the notches are closed on most of their face vis-à-vis the associated air gap, a magnetic flux passage opening being present on said face.
  • the two stators consist of several teeth of different shape and semi-closed notches in order to reduce the relaxation torque. In addition, this can affect the configuration of the magnetic flux emitted by the winding elements.
  • said at least one rotor comprises several magnets, the coils of the series of winding elements of at least one stator being offset with respect to said magnets of said at least one rotor.
  • said at least one magnet is chosen from ferrite magnets, rare-earth magnets such as neodymium-iron-boron magnets or samarium cobalt magnets, magnets based on aluminum, nickel and cobalt, with or without thermoplastic binder.
  • the rotor and the stators are in cylindrical form.
  • the rotor comprises a support for said at least one magnet, no part of the support being interposed between the two air gaps.
  • said at least one rotor is connected to an output shaft of the motor passing through a median hollow cylindrical space to the motor traversing the motor axially, this median hollow space being delimited by the internal periphery of the internal stator.
  • said at least one rotor is connected to the output shaft by a star-shaped piece.
  • the diameter of the median hollow cylindrical space is greater than the diameter of the drive shaft so as to leave a passage between the drive shaft and the median hollow cylindrical space.
  • the passage has ventilation means for cooling.
  • the invention also relates to a power steering of a motor vehicle, characterized in that it contains at least one such motor.
  • the engine according to the invention is very compact and relatively light because of the at least partial absence of iron, which makes it particularly well suited to use in a motor vehicle since a small footprint is an important criterion of choice in the automotive field.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a radial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a radial flux polycarbonate motor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of an axial sectional view of an embodiment of a radial flux polycarbonate motor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a radial sectional view of another embodiment of a radial flux polycarbonate motor according to the present invention
  • a motor M or a radial polycarrier generator comprises at least two stators 1, 1a flanking at least one rotor 2, a gap 4, 4a being defined between each of the at least two stators 1 1a respectively framing said at least one rotor 2. It is thus possible to define an internal stator a and an external stator 1, the latter forming the periphery of the motor M.
  • the motor M consists of a rotor 2 comprising a series of permanent magnets 3 and two stators 1, 1a comprising a series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a which will be described later. There is therefore an external gap 4 and an internal air gap 4a.
  • Said at least one rotor 2 is connected to an output shaft of the motor passing through a median hollow cylindrical space 9 to the motor M passing through the motor M axially, the output shaft not being shown in the figures.
  • the series of magnets comprises eight magnets, only one of which is referenced 3. This is not limiting.
  • the stators 1, 1a are said to be wound, that is to say that they have a series of successive winding elements respectively composed of a winding of wire good conductor of electricity, for example aluminum or copper, a tooth 7, 7a and two notches 6, 6a flanking each tooth 7, 7a on each of its sides.
  • a winding of wire good conductor of electricity for example aluminum or copper
  • a tooth 7, 7a and two notches 6, 6a flanking each tooth 7, 7a on each of its sides.
  • stator 1 a For each stator 1, only one tooth 7 and 7a, and one of their notches 6, 6a surrounding them are referenced by stator 1, 1 a.
  • the notches 6, 6a are advantageously closed and individual.
  • Each tooth 7, 7a serves as the core of a winding of the wire or winding.
  • the number of teeth 7, 7a is preferably a function of the number of pairs of magnets 3 and the number of phases of the supply current.
  • said at least one magnet 3 extends completely in the portion of the rotor 2 between the two gaps 4, 4a and each of the winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a of the series comprises a separating element 5, 5a disposed between each notch 6, 6a of a tooth 7, 7a and the notch 6, 6a of the tooth 7, 7a successively.
  • separation element 5, 5a characterizes an element located between two notches 6, 6a vis-à-vis winding teeth adjacent 7, 7a.
  • This separating element 5, 5a may be of ferromagnetic material when the winding teeth 7, 7a are made of iron or of ferromagnetic material.
  • the separating element 5, 5a may be of insulating material when the teeth 7, 7a do not contain iron.
  • the teeth 7, 7a and the separation elements 5, 5a for each internal or external stator are part of the same element.
  • a winding element according to the present invention therefore comprises a winding, a tooth 7, 7a for supporting the winding, a notch 6, 6a disposed on each side of the tooth 7, 7a and a separating element 5, 5a.
  • the separating element 5, 5a advantageously projects from the winding element in a manner similar to the associated tooth 7, 7a, that is to say for example by extending substantially parallel to the associated tooth 7, 7a. and at the same height as this one.
  • the teeth 7, 7a and the separating elements 5, 5a forming part of a series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a of the same each stator 1, 1a can have different widths, the teeth 7, 7a may be wider than the separating elements 5, 5a. The opposite is possible, however.
  • each stator 1 or 1 has formed one and the same piece carrying the teeth 7 or 7a, the separation elements 5 or 5a with notches 6 or 6a.
  • the teeth 7 or 7a and the separation elements 5 or 5a are then based on the same material.
  • the rotor 2 and the stators 1, 1a are in cylindrical form. This is not limiting because there may be other embodiments.
  • the rotor 2 may be of cylindrical shape and the stators 1, 1 a in the form of crowns.
  • the median hollow cylindrical space previously referenced 9 in FIG. 1 and delimited by the internal periphery of the internal stator 1 a, is occupied by a shaft 15 of the motor M which passes axially therethrough.
  • the shaft 15 rotates by means of bearings 1 1, 1 1 has around a frame 13 housing the motor M, a portion of the frame 13 penetrating inside the median hollow space surrounding the shaft 15 .
  • the rotor 2 is secured to the shaft 15 via a spacer 14 while the frame 13 is closed by a cover 12.
  • the spacer 14 may be in the form of a starry part.
  • the motor M comprises its electric part 1, 1a, 2 with its mechanical part 11, 15 housed inside the electrical part 1, 1a, 2 which makes it an extremely compact motor, advantageously closed by the frame 13 and its lid 12.
  • the diameter of the median hollow cylindrical space is greater than the diameter of the shaft 15 surrounded by the portion of the frame 13 so as to leave a passage between the drive shaft and the median hollow cylindrical space.
  • This passage advantageously has ventilation means for cooling, for example natural air brewing means or under the action of a fan incorporated in this hollow space.
  • the present invention relates to a power steering of a motor vehicle containing at least one such motor M.
  • the teeth 7 of the outer stator 1 are offset relative to the teeth 7a of the internal stator 1a so that the angle at the apex a5 at the center of the motor M framing a tooth width 7 with its two associated notches 6 surrounding the outer stator 1 is offset from the angle at the apex a4 framing a tooth width 7a with its two notches 6a associated with the inner stator 1a. It follows that the teeth 7 of the outer stator 1 do not individually have the same angle at the apex, a5 as the apex angle a4 for the teeth of the inner stator 1a can respectively be associated with them.
  • FIG 3 there is visible an apex angle a3 which corresponds to a width of a notch 6 of the outer stator 1 and an apex angle a1 corresponding to a width of a notch 6a of the inner stator 1a. It is also shown an apex angle a2 corresponding to the difference in angle between one side of the notch 6a of the inner stator 1a and the corresponding side of the notch 6 of the outer stator 1.
  • the teeth 7, 7a may contain iron as is the case in the usual manner. However, advantageously to reduce the relaxation torque, the teeth 7, 7a do not include iron. In this case, the teeth 7, 7a may be of plastic material, composite, ceramic or glass.
  • the notches 6, 6a of all the winding series 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a may have means for channeling the magnetic flux created by the coils.
  • the notches 6, 6a are closed over most of their face vis-à-vis the air gap 4, 4a associated, an opening 10, 10a of magnetic flux passage being present on said face.
  • This opening 10 for the external stator 1 or 10a for the internal stator 1a can take the dimensions or the desired shape for obtaining a magnetic flux of specific configuration.
  • This opening 10, 10a can be different between notches 6, 6a of the inner stator 1a and the outer stator 1.
  • said at least one rotor 2 comprises several magnets 3. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 3, said at least one rotor 2 comprises a single magnet.
  • the rotor 2 may comprise a support for said at least one magnet 3, no part of the support being however interposed between the two air gaps 4, 4a, this support not being shown in the figures.
  • the two sets of magnets 3 may have their successive magnets mounted according to a Halbach structure.
  • Each concentric series of magnets 3 arranged according to a Halbach structure establishes an increased magnetic field on the side facing the series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a associated with the stator 1, 1a vis-à-vis -vis, while the magnetic field is decreased or canceled on its opposite side. This reduces the loss of the magnetic field.
  • At least one rotor 2 comprises several magnets 3, the coils of the series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a of at least one stator 1, 1a being offset said magnets 3 of said at least one rotor 2.
  • Said at least one magnet 3 may be chosen from ferrite magnets, rare earth magnets such as neodymium iron boron magnets or samarium cobalt magnets, magnets based on aluminum, nickel and cobalt, with or without thermoplastic binder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic motor (M) with radial flux, intended in particular to aid power-assisted steering in a motor vehicle. The motor comprises at least two stators (1, 1a) surrounding at least one rotor (2), an air gap (4, 4a) being defined between each of the stators (1, 1a) and the surrounded rotor (2). The magnet or magnets (3) borne by the rotor (2) extend(s) fully inside the rotor (2) between the two air gaps (4, 4a) and each of the coil elements (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) of the series of coil elements borne by a corresponding stator (1, 1a) comprises a spacer element (5, 5a) disposed between each slot (6, 6a) of one tooth (7, 7a) and the slot (6, 6a) of the successive tooth (7, 7a). In this way, cogging torque is prevented. The invention is suitable for use in the field of electromagnetic motors.

Description

« Moteur électromagnétique polyentrefers et à flux magnétique radial à rotor encadré par deux stators avec diminution du couple de détente»  "Electromagnetic polycentric motor with radial magnetic flux with rotor flanked by two stators with reduction of the relaxation torque"
La présente invention concerne un moteur électromagnétique polyentrefers et à flux magnétique radial à rotor encadré par deux stators avec diminution du couple de détente qui trouve une application particulière mais non limitative comme moteur de direction assistée dans un véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to a polycentric electromagnetic motor and rotor radial magnetic flux framed by two stators with reduction of the detent torque which finds a particular but non-limiting application as a power steering motor in a motor vehicle.
Dans cette application de direction assistée, un moteur électrique est utilisé en complément de la force de direction manuelle exercée par le conducteur du véhicule.  In this power steering application, an electric motor is used in addition to the manual steering force exerted by the driver of the vehicle.
Un tel moteur électromagnétique polyentrefers et à flux magnétique comporte au moins deux stators encadrant au moins un rotor, un entrefer, donc au moins un double entrefer, étant défini entre chacun desdits au moins deux stators et ledit au moins un rotor ainsi encadré.  Such an electromagnetic polycentric and magnetic flux motor comprises at least two stators flanking at least one rotor, an air gap, therefore at least one double gap, being defined between each of said at least two stators and said at least one rotor thus framed.
Le rotor porte au moins une série d'aimants permanents, tandis qu'au moins une série d'éléments de bobinage est portée par chaque stator. De manière classique, chacun des éléments de bobinage comprend une dent portant une bobine, la dent étant encadrée sur chacun de ses côtés par une encoche, un fil métallique bon conducteur étant enroulé sur la dent pour former la bobine.  The rotor carries at least one series of permanent magnets, while at least one series of winding elements is carried by each stator. Conventionally, each of the winding elements comprises a tooth carrying a coil, the tooth being framed on each of its sides by a notch, a good conductor wire being wound on the tooth to form the coil.
Quand la série ou les séries de bobinages sont alimentées électriquement, le rotor qui est solidarisé à l'arbre de sortie du moteur est soumis à un couple résultant du champ magnétique, le flux magnétique créé étant un flux radial.  When the series or series of windings are electrically powered, the rotor which is secured to the output shaft of the motor is subjected to a torque resulting from the magnetic field, the magnetic flux created being a radial flow.
Dans ce qui va suivre, il va être pris comme application du moteur un moteur pour direction assistée de véhicule automobile. Ceci n'est cependant pas limitatif et un tel moteur peut être utilisé pour diverses autres applications.  In what follows, it will be taken as application of the engine a motor for power steering of a motor vehicle. This is however not limiting and such an engine can be used for various other applications.
Dans une application du moteur pour une direction assistée, les contraintes majeures sont notamment la réduction de la masse et de l'encombrement axial du moteur pour un rendement optimal. C'est pour cela qu'un moteur ployentrefer est préféré, en étant plus compact et en délivrant plus de puissance. Selon l'état de la technique, un élément à bobinage comprend du fer, le fer pouvant être constitué par le moyen de support du bobinage ou un noyau de fer central pour la canalisation du champ magnétique passant à travers l'élément à bobinage. Par exemple, l'élément de bobinage peut présenter aussi des dents en fer sur lesquelles respectivement un bobinage est enroulé. In an application of the engine for a power steering, the major constraints include reducing the mass and the axial size of the engine for optimum performance. That is why a ployentrefer motor is preferred, being more compact and delivering more power. According to the state of the art, a winding element comprises iron, the iron being able to be constituted by the winding support means or a central iron core for channeling the magnetic field passing through the winding element. For example, the winding element may also have iron teeth on which a winding is wound respectively.
Le document CN201869064 décrit un moteur polyentrefers avec un double stator faisant office d'élément à bobinage entourant un rotor faisant office d'élément à aimants permanents, ces aimants étant à base de terres rares. Le rotor est donc positionné entre les deux stators, un enroulement étant intégré dans une fente d'assemblage de la dent support d'un bobinage du stator qui comprend aussi un noyau de fer.  CN201869064 discloses a polyentrefers motor with a double stator acting as a winding element surrounding a rotor acting as a permanent magnet element, these magnets being based on rare earths. The rotor is thus positioned between the two stators, a winding being integrated in an assembly slot of the support tooth of a stator winding which also comprises an iron core.
Pour le rotor, les aimants permanents sont noyés dans un anneau conducteur pour fournir un champ magnétique à pôles multiples pour les entrefers sur les côtés gauche et droit simultanément. Chaque stator peut entraîner le rotor en rotation et les deux stators peuvent travailler simultanément ou en alternance. Un tel moteur à double stator et un seul rotor à aimants permanents en terres rares délivre une puissance de sortie augmentée et son efficacité est améliorée par rapport à un moteur à entrefer simple.  For the rotor, the permanent magnets are embedded in a conductive ring to provide a multi-pole magnetic field for the air gaps on the left and right sides simultaneously. Each stator can drive the rotor in rotation and the two stators can work simultaneously or alternately. Such a dual stator motor and a single rare earth permanent magnet rotor provide increased output power and its efficiency is improved over a single gap motor.
Cependant, en plus d'être lourd de par la présence de fer, un tel moteur à aimants permanents présente le désavantage de posséder hors tension un couple résiduel appelé couple de détente. Ce couple de détente, appelé aussi cogging torque en anglais, est dû à l'interaction magnétique entre les aimants permanents de l'élément à aimants permanents, par exemple le rotor, et le fer présent dans l'élément à bobinage, par exemple le stator, le fer étant fréquemment utilisé pour la réalisation des dents et/ou des parois des encoches du moyen de support du bobinage. Ce couple est indésirable pour le bon fonctionnement d'un tel moteur.  However, in addition to being heavy because of the presence of iron, such a permanent magnet motor has the disadvantage of having a residual torque called a detent couple de-energized. This relaxation torque, also called cogging torque in English, is due to the magnetic interaction between the permanent magnets of the permanent magnet element, for example the rotor, and the iron present in the winding element, for example the stator, the iron being frequently used for the realization of the teeth and / or walls of the notches of the winding support means. This torque is undesirable for the proper functioning of such an engine.
De plus, la présence de fer dans l'élément ou les éléments à bobinage du moteur ou de la génératrice polyentrefers crée des pertes fer. Ces pertes fer peuvent être de deux types. Le premier type concerne les pertes par hystérésis du fait de la magnétisation permanente du chemin magnétique. Le second type concerne les pertes par courants de Foucault produits par le champ magnétique tournant. Ces pertes conduisent à un échauffement de l'ensemble du moteur ou de la génératrice de même qu'à des pertes de couple dues à une plus faible intensité de courant disponible pour le fonctionnement du moteur, ceci notamment à des vitesses élevées de fonctionnement. In addition, the presence of iron in the element or the winding elements of the engine or the generator polyentrefers creates iron losses. These iron losses can be of two types. The first type concerns hysteresis losses due to the permanent magnetization of the magnetic path. The second type relates to eddy current losses produced by the rotating magnetic field. These losses lead to a heating of the entire engine or generator as well as to torque losses due to a lower intensity of current available for the operation of the engine, especially at high speeds of operation.
Le document DE-A-198 38 378 décrit un moteur à flux radial comprenant au moins un double entrefer comportant au moins deux stators encadrant au moins un rotor, un entrefer étant défini entre chacun desdits au moins deux stators et ledit au moins un rotor ainsi encadré, au moins un aimant permanent étant porté par ledit au moins un rotor, tandis qu'une série d'éléments de bobinage est portée par chaque stator en étant répartis successivement, chacun des éléments de bobinage comprenant une dent portant une bobine, chaque dent étant encadrée sur chacun de ses côtés par une encoche, ledit au moins un aimant s'étendant dans la portion du rotor comprise entre les deux entrefers et chacun des éléments de bobinage des séries comprenant une dent non bobinée entre deux dents.  Document DE-A-198 38 378 describes a radial flow motor comprising at least a double air gap comprising at least two stators flanking at least one rotor, an air gap being defined between each of said at least two stators and said at least one rotor and framed, at least one permanent magnet being carried by said at least one rotor, while a series of winding elements is carried by each stator being distributed successively, each of the winding elements comprising a tooth carrying a coil, each tooth being framed on each of its sides by a notch, said at least one magnet extending in the portion of the rotor between the two air gaps and each of the series winding elements comprising a non-coiled tooth between two teeth.
Dans ce document, l'aimant est composé d'une série d'aimants séparés chacun par des pièces intermédiaires et est donc discontinu. De plus, c'est une dent similaire aux autres dents qui ne porte pas de bobinage qui a été prise comme élément de séparation. Il n'est donc pas possible dans le moteur selon ce document d'avoir un élément de séparation qui soit plus petit ou plus grand qu'une dent de la série ou d'avoir un élément de séparation d'une matière différente qu'une dent de la série.  In this document, the magnet is composed of a series of magnets each separated by intermediate pieces and is therefore discontinuous. In addition, it is a tooth similar to other teeth that does not wear winding that was taken as a separating element. It is therefore not possible in the engine according to this document to have a separating element which is smaller or larger than a tooth of the series or to have a separating element of a different material than tooth of the series.
Le document WO-A-93/15547 reprend sensiblement les caractéristiques du précédent document en montrant un aimant discontinu formé de plusieurs parties mais sans toutefois divulguer d'élément de séparation entre les éléments de bobinage.  The document WO-A-93/15547 substantially repeats the features of the preceding document by showing a discontinuous magnet formed of several parts but without, however, disclosing a separating element between the winding elements.
Le problème à la base de la présente invention est, d'une part, d'obtenir un moteur électromagnétique à flux radial qui présente un encombrement le plus réduit possible en particulier dans sa direction axiale et qui puisse délivrer un couple massique élevé et, d'autre part, de réduire voire d'annuler le couple de détente existant dans un moteur polyentrefers à aimants permanents.  The problem underlying the present invention is, on the one hand, to obtain a radial flow electromagnetic motor which has the smallest possible space, in particular in its axial direction, and which can deliver a high mass torque and, d on the other hand, to reduce or even cancel the existing expansion torque in a polycarbonate motor with permanent magnets.
A cet effet, on prévoit selon l'invention un moteur électromagnétique à flux radial notamment destiné à l'aide à la direction assistée dans un véhicule automobile, le moteur comprenant au moins un double entrefer comportant au moins deux stators encadrant au moins un rotor, un entrefer étant défini entre chacun desdits au moins deux stators et ledit au moins un rotor ainsi encadré, au moins un aimant permanent étant porté par ledit au moins un rotor, tandis qu'une série d'éléments de bobinage est portée par chaque stator en étant répartis successivement, chacun des éléments de bobinage comprenant une dent portant une bobine, chaque dent étant encadrée sur chacun de ses côtés par une encoche, caractérisé en ce que le rotor comprend un unique aimant s'étendant complètement dans la portion du rotor comprise entre les deux entrefers et en ce que chacun des éléments de bobinage des séries comprend un élément de séparation disposé entre chaque encoche d'une dent et l'encoche de la dent successive. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention an electromagnetic radial flow motor especially for assisting the power steering in a motor vehicle, the engine comprising at least a double air gap comprising at least at least two stators flanking at least one rotor, an air gap being defined between each of said at least two stators and said at least one rotor thus framed, at least one permanent magnet being carried by said at least one rotor, while a series of winding elements is carried by each stator being distributed successively, each of the winding elements comprising a tooth carrying a coil, each tooth being framed on each of its sides by a notch, characterized in that the rotor comprises a single magnet s' extending completely into the portion of the rotor between the two air gaps and in that each of the series winding elements comprises a separating element disposed between each notch of a tooth and the notch of the successive tooth.
La présente invention permet de répondre à des contraintes de puissance et d'encombrement en ce sens qu'elle fournit un couple massique élevé pour un diamètre réduit et une longueur axiale plus petite que la structure classique à un seul entrefer de même diamètre. L'aimant ou les aimants occupent toute la place du rotor entre les deux entrefers, donc l'espace maximal prévu pour le ou les aimants, ce qui augmente l'efficacité du moteur et rend le moteur nettement plus compact.  The present invention makes it possible to respond to power and space constraints in that it provides a high mass torque for a reduced diameter and an axial length smaller than the conventional structure with a single gap of the same diameter. The magnet or magnets occupy the whole place of the rotor between the two air gaps, so the maximum space provided for the magnet or magnets, which increases the efficiency of the engine and makes the engine much more compact.
En effet, d'une part, comme l'aimant occupe toute la place du rotor entre les deux entrefers, l'aimant s'étend donc dans un espace le plus grand possible, ce qui augmente l'efficacité du moteur et rend le moteur nettement plus compact. De plus, l'aimant d'un seul tenant est plus facile à positionner entre les deux entrefers que ne le serait une série d'aimants.  Indeed, on the one hand, as the magnet occupies the entire place of the rotor between the two air gaps, the magnet therefore extends in the largest possible space, which increases the efficiency of the engine and makes the engine much more compact. In addition, the magnet in one piece is easier to position between the two gaps than a series of magnets.
D'autre part, chaque élément de séparation, quand ferromagnétique, sert à la canalisation du flux magnétique émis par les éléments de bobinage aussi bien pour le stator interne que pour le stator externe, ceci entre toutes les dents.  On the other hand, each separation element, when ferromagnetic, is used for channeling the magnetic flux emitted by the winding elements for both the internal stator and the outer stator, this between all the teeth.
L'association aimant unique occupant une place maximale sur le rotor et éléments de séparations sur chaque stator permet d'augmenter très nettement les performances du moteur ainsi constitué.  The single magnet association occupying a maximum position on the rotor and separating elements on each stator makes it possible to increase the performance of the engine thus constituted very clearly.
De manière facultative, l'invention comprend en outre au moins l'une quelconque des caractéristiques suivantes :  Optionally, the invention further comprises at least any of the following:
- l'élément de séparation fait saillie de l'élément de bobinage de manière similaire aux dents, c'est-à-dire en présentant la même hauteur. - les dents et les éléments de séparation faisant partie d'une série d'éléments de bobinage d'un même chaque stator présentent des largeurs différentes. - The separating element protrudes from the winding element in a manner similar to the teeth, that is to say having the same height. the teeth and the separation elements forming part of a series of winding elements of the same each stator have different widths.
- les dents du stator externe sont décalées par rapport aux dents du stator interne de sorte que l'angle au sommet au centre du moteur encadrant une largeur de dent avec ses encoches associées du stator externe est décalé par rapport à l'angle au sommet encadrant une largeur de dent avec ses encoches associées du stator interne.  the teeth of the outer stator are offset relative to the teeth of the inner stator so that the apex angle at the center of the motor flanking a tooth width with its associated notches of the outer stator is offset with respect to the angle at the apex framing a tooth width with its associated notches of the internal stator.
- les dents ne comprennent pas de fer.  - the teeth do not include iron.
- les dents sont en matériau plastique, composite, céramique ou en verre. Dans ce cas, les éléments de séparation peuvent être réalisés en matériau isolant.  the teeth are made of plastic, composite, ceramic or glass material. In this case, the separating elements may be made of insulating material.
- les encoches de toutes les séries de bobinage présentent des moyens de canalisation du flux magnétique.  the notches of all the winding series have means for channeling the magnetic flux.
- les encoches sont fermées sur la majeure partie de leur face en vis-à- vis de l'entrefer associée, une ouverture de passage de flux magnétique étant présente sur ladite face. Les deux stators sont constitués de plusieurs dents de forme différente et des encoches semi-fermées dans le but de réduire le couple de détente. De plus, cela peut agir sur la configuration du flux magnétique émis par les éléments de bobinage.  - The notches are closed on most of their face vis-à-vis the associated air gap, a magnetic flux passage opening being present on said face. The two stators consist of several teeth of different shape and semi-closed notches in order to reduce the relaxation torque. In addition, this can affect the configuration of the magnetic flux emitted by the winding elements.
- ledit au moins un rotor comprend plusieurs aimants, les bobines de la série d'éléments de bobinage d'au moins un stator étant décalées vis-à-vis desdits aimants dudit au moins un rotor.  said at least one rotor comprises several magnets, the coils of the series of winding elements of at least one stator being offset with respect to said magnets of said at least one rotor.
- ledit au moins un aimant est choisi parmi les aimants ferrites, les aimants à base de terres rares comme des aimants néodyme-fer-bore ou des aimants samarium cobalt, des aimants à base d'aluminium, de nickel et de cobalt, avec ou sans liant thermoplastique.  said at least one magnet is chosen from ferrite magnets, rare-earth magnets such as neodymium-iron-boron magnets or samarium cobalt magnets, magnets based on aluminum, nickel and cobalt, with or without thermoplastic binder.
- le rotor et les stators sont sous forme cylindrique.  the rotor and the stators are in cylindrical form.
- le rotor comprend un support pour ledit au moins un aimant, aucune partie du support n'étant intercalée entre les deux entrefers.  - The rotor comprises a support for said at least one magnet, no part of the support being interposed between the two air gaps.
- ledit au moins un rotor est relié à un arbre de sortie du moteur passant par un espace cylindrique creux médian au moteur traversant le moteur axialement, cet espace creux médian étant délimité par la périphérie interne du stator interne. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement intéressant étant donné qu'il permet d'obtenir un moteur compact avec la partie mécanique d'entraînement logé dans le moteur. L'association avec un rotor composé uniquement d'un aimant ou d'aimants avec un tel entraînement mécanique intégré permet une nette diminution de poids du moteur. said at least one rotor is connected to an output shaft of the motor passing through a median hollow cylindrical space to the motor traversing the motor axially, this median hollow space being delimited by the internal periphery of the internal stator. This embodiment is particularly interesting since it makes it possible to obtain a compact motor with the mechanical drive part housed in the engine. The association with a rotor consisting solely of a magnet or magnets with such an integrated mechanical drive allows a clear reduction of the weight of the engine.
- ledit au moins un rotor est relié à l'arbre de sortie par une pièce de forme étoilée.  said at least one rotor is connected to the output shaft by a star-shaped piece.
- le diamètre de l'espace cylindrique creux médian est supérieur au diamètre de l'arbre d'entraînement de manière à laisser un passage entre l'arbre d'entraînement et l'espace cylindrique creux médian.  - The diameter of the median hollow cylindrical space is greater than the diameter of the drive shaft so as to leave a passage between the drive shaft and the median hollow cylindrical space.
- le passage présente des moyens de ventilation pour son refroidissement.  - The passage has ventilation means for cooling.
L'invention concerne aussi une direction assistée de véhicule automobile, caractérisée en ce quelle contient au moins un tel moteur. Le moteur selon l'invention est très compact et relativement léger du fait de l'absence au moins partiel de fer, ce qui le rend particulièrement bien adapté à une utilisation dans un véhicule automobile étant donné qu'un encombrement réduit est un critère important de choix dans le domaine de l'automobile.  The invention also relates to a power steering of a motor vehicle, characterized in that it contains at least one such motor. The engine according to the invention is very compact and relatively light because of the at least partial absence of iron, which makes it particularly well suited to use in a motor vehicle since a small footprint is an important criterion of choice in the automotive field.
D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre et au regard des dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et sur lesquels : Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows and with reference to the appended drawings given by way of non-limiting examples and in which:
- la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en coupe radiale d'un mode de réalisation d'un moteur polyentrefers à flux radial selon la présente invention,  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a radial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a radial flux polycarbonate motor according to the present invention,
- la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en coupe axiale d'un mode de réalisation d'un moteur polyentrefers à flux radial selon la présente invention,  FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of an axial sectional view of an embodiment of a radial flux polycarbonate motor according to the present invention,
- la figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en coupe radiale d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un moteur polyentrefers à flux radial selon la présente invention,  FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a radial sectional view of another embodiment of a radial flux polycarbonate motor according to the present invention,
- la figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'une vue agrandie en coupe radiale d'une portion de rotor intercalée entre deux portions d'un stator conformément à un mode de réalisation d'un moteur polyentrefers à flux radial selon la présente invention. En se référant aux figures, d'une manière générale, un moteur M ou une génératrice polyentrefers radial comporte au moins deux stators 1 , 1a encadrant au moins un rotor 2, un entrefer 4, 4a étant défini entre chacun desdits au moins deux stators 1 , 1a encadrant respectivement ledit au moins un rotor 2. On peut ainsi définir un stator interne a et un stator externe 1 , ce dernier formant la périphérie du moteur M. - Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an enlarged view in radial section of a rotor portion interposed between two portions of a stator according to an embodiment of a radial flow polycarbonate engine according to the present invention. Referring to the figures, in general terms, a motor M or a radial polycarrier generator comprises at least two stators 1, 1a flanking at least one rotor 2, a gap 4, 4a being defined between each of the at least two stators 1 1a respectively framing said at least one rotor 2. It is thus possible to define an internal stator a and an external stator 1, the latter forming the periphery of the motor M.
Aux figures, il est montré deux entrefers 4 et 4a, ce qui n'est pas limitatif et le moteur M se compose de d'un rotor 2 comprenant une série d'aimants 3 permanents et de deux stators 1 , 1a comprenant une série d'éléments de bobinage 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a qui vont être décrits ultérieurement. Il existe donc un entrefer externe 4 et un entrefer interne 4a.  In the figures, it is shown two air gaps 4 and 4a, which is not limiting and the motor M consists of a rotor 2 comprising a series of permanent magnets 3 and two stators 1, 1a comprising a series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a which will be described later. There is therefore an external gap 4 and an internal air gap 4a.
Ledit au moins un rotor 2 est relié à un arbre de sortie du moteur passant par un espace cylindrique creux médian 9 au moteur M traversant le moteur M axialement, l'arbre de sortie n'étant pas représenté aux figures.  Said at least one rotor 2 is connected to an output shaft of the motor passing through a median hollow cylindrical space 9 to the motor M passing through the motor M axially, the output shaft not being shown in the figures.
Dans le mode de réalisation du moteur montré à la figure 1 , la série d'aimants comprend huit aimants dont un seul est référencé 3. Ceci n'est pas limitatif.  In the embodiment of the motor shown in Figure 1, the series of magnets comprises eight magnets, only one of which is referenced 3. This is not limiting.
Dans le mode de réalisation du moteur montré à la figure 1 , les stators 1 , 1a sont dits bobinés, c'est-à-dire qu'ils présentent une série d'éléments de bobinage successifs composés respectivement d'un bobinage de fil métallique bon conducteur d'électricité, par exemple en aluminium ou en cuivre, d'une dent 7, 7a et de deux encoches 6, 6a encadrant chaque dent 7, 7a sur chacun de ses côtés. Pour chaque stator 1 , 1a seule une dent 7 et 7a, et une de leurs encoches 6, 6a les encadrant sont référencées par stator 1 , 1 a. Les encoches 6, 6a sont avantageusement fermées et individuelles.  In the embodiment of the motor shown in FIG. 1, the stators 1, 1a are said to be wound, that is to say that they have a series of successive winding elements respectively composed of a winding of wire good conductor of electricity, for example aluminum or copper, a tooth 7, 7a and two notches 6, 6a flanking each tooth 7, 7a on each of its sides. For each stator 1, only one tooth 7 and 7a, and one of their notches 6, 6a surrounding them are referenced by stator 1, 1 a. The notches 6, 6a are advantageously closed and individual.
Chaque dent 7, 7a sert de noyau à un bobinage du fil métallique ou enroulement. Le nombre de dents 7, 7a est de préférence fonction du nombre de paires d'aimants 3 et du nombre de phases du courant d'alimentation.  Each tooth 7, 7a serves as the core of a winding of the wire or winding. The number of teeth 7, 7a is preferably a function of the number of pairs of magnets 3 and the number of phases of the supply current.
Selon la présente invention, ledit au moins un aimant 3 s'étend complètement dans la portion du rotor 2 comprise entre les deux entrefers 4, 4a et chacun des éléments de bobinage 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a des séries comprend un élément de séparation 5, 5a disposé entre chaque encoche 6, 6a d'une dent 7, 7a et l'encoche 6, 6a de la dent 7, 7a successive.  According to the present invention, said at least one magnet 3 extends completely in the portion of the rotor 2 between the two gaps 4, 4a and each of the winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a of the series comprises a separating element 5, 5a disposed between each notch 6, 6a of a tooth 7, 7a and the notch 6, 6a of the tooth 7, 7a successively.
Le terme élément de séparation 5, 5a caractérise un élément se trouvant entre deux encoches 6, 6a en vis-à-vis de dents de bobinage adjacentes 7, 7a. Cet élément de séparation 5, 5a peut être en matériau ferromagnétique quand les dents 7, 7a de bobinage sont en fer ou en matériau ferromagnétique. En alternative, l'élément de séparation 5, 5a peut être en matériau isolant quand les dents 7, 7a ne contiennent pas de fer. Avantageusement, les dents 7, 7a et les éléments de séparation 5, 5a pour chaque stator interne ou externe font partie d'un même élément. The term separation element 5, 5a characterizes an element located between two notches 6, 6a vis-à-vis winding teeth adjacent 7, 7a. This separating element 5, 5a may be of ferromagnetic material when the winding teeth 7, 7a are made of iron or of ferromagnetic material. Alternatively, the separating element 5, 5a may be of insulating material when the teeth 7, 7a do not contain iron. Advantageously, the teeth 7, 7a and the separation elements 5, 5a for each internal or external stator are part of the same element.
Un élément de bobinage selon la présente invention comprend donc un bobinage, une dent 7, 7a pour le support du bobinage, une encoche 6, 6a disposée de chaque côté de la dent 7, 7a et un élément de séparation 5, 5a. L'élément de séparation 5, 5a fait avantageusement saillie de l'élément de bobinage de manière similaire à la dent 7, 7a associée, c'est-à-dire par exemple en s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à la dent 7, 7a associée et à la même hauteur que celle-ci.  A winding element according to the present invention therefore comprises a winding, a tooth 7, 7a for supporting the winding, a notch 6, 6a disposed on each side of the tooth 7, 7a and a separating element 5, 5a. The separating element 5, 5a advantageously projects from the winding element in a manner similar to the associated tooth 7, 7a, that is to say for example by extending substantially parallel to the associated tooth 7, 7a. and at the same height as this one.
Les dents 7, 7a et les éléments de séparation 5, 5a faisant partie d'une série d'éléments de bobinage 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a d'un même chaque stator 1 , 1a peuvent présenter des largeurs différentes, les dents 7, 7a pouvant être plus larges que les éléments de séparation 5, 5a. L'inverse est cependant possible.  The teeth 7, 7a and the separating elements 5, 5a forming part of a series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a of the same each stator 1, 1a can have different widths, the teeth 7, 7a may be wider than the separating elements 5, 5a. The opposite is possible, however.
Avantageusement, chaque stator 1 ou 1 a forme une même et seule pièce en portant les dents 7 ou 7a, les éléments de séparation 5 ou 5a avec des encoches 6 ou 6a. Les dents 7 ou 7a et les éléments de séparation 5 ou 5a sont alors à base du même matériau.  Advantageously, each stator 1 or 1 has formed one and the same piece carrying the teeth 7 or 7a, the separation elements 5 or 5a with notches 6 or 6a. The teeth 7 or 7a and the separation elements 5 or 5a are then based on the same material.
A la figure 2, le rotor 2 et les stators 1 , 1 a sont sous forme cylindrique. Ceci n'est pas limitatif car il peut exister d'autres formes de réalisation. Par exemple, le rotor 2 peut être de forme cylindrique et les stators 1 , 1 a sous forme de couronnes.  In Figure 2, the rotor 2 and the stators 1, 1a are in cylindrical form. This is not limiting because there may be other embodiments. For example, the rotor 2 may be of cylindrical shape and the stators 1, 1 a in the form of crowns.
A la figure 2, l'espace cylindrique creux médian, précédemment référencé par 9 à la figure 1 et délimité par la périphérie interne du stator interne 1 a, est occupé par un arbre 15 du moteur M qui le traverse axialement. L'arbre 15 tourne par l'intermédiaire de roulements 1 1 , 1 1 a autour d'un châssis 13 logeant le moteur M, une portion du châssis 13 pénétrant à l'intérieur de l'espace creux médian en entourant l'arbre 15.  In FIG. 2, the median hollow cylindrical space, previously referenced 9 in FIG. 1 and delimited by the internal periphery of the internal stator 1 a, is occupied by a shaft 15 of the motor M which passes axially therethrough. The shaft 15 rotates by means of bearings 1 1, 1 1 has around a frame 13 housing the motor M, a portion of the frame 13 penetrating inside the median hollow space surrounding the shaft 15 .
Le rotor 2 est solidarisé à l'arbre 15 par l'intermédiaire d'une entretoise 14 tandis que le châssis 13 est fermé par un couvercle 12. L'entretoise 14 peut être sous la forme d'une pièce étoilée. Ainsi le moteur M comprend sa partie électrique 1 , 1a, 2 avec sa partie mécanique 11 , 15 logée à l'intérieur de la partie électrique 1 , 1a, 2 ce qui en fait un moteur extrêmement compact, avantageusement fermée par le châssis 13 et son couvercle 12. The rotor 2 is secured to the shaft 15 via a spacer 14 while the frame 13 is closed by a cover 12. The spacer 14 may be in the form of a starry part. Thus the motor M comprises its electric part 1, 1a, 2 with its mechanical part 11, 15 housed inside the electrical part 1, 1a, 2 which makes it an extremely compact motor, advantageously closed by the frame 13 and its lid 12.
Le diamètre de l'espace cylindrique creux médian est supérieur au diamètre de l'arbre 15 entouré de la portion du châssis 13 de manière à laisser un passage entre l'arbre d'entraînement et l'espace cylindrique creux médian. Ce passage présente avantageusement des moyens de ventilation pour son refroidissement, par exemple des moyens de brassage naturel d'air ou sous l'action d'un ventilateur incorporé dans cet espace creux.  The diameter of the median hollow cylindrical space is greater than the diameter of the shaft 15 surrounded by the portion of the frame 13 so as to leave a passage between the drive shaft and the median hollow cylindrical space. This passage advantageously has ventilation means for cooling, for example natural air brewing means or under the action of a fan incorporated in this hollow space.
Dans une forme de réalisation, la présente invention concerne une direction assistée de véhicule automobile contenant au moins un tel moteur M.  In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a power steering of a motor vehicle containing at least one such motor M.
Dans un mode de réalisation visible à la figure 3, les dents 7 du stator externe 1 sont décalées par rapport aux dents 7a du stator interne 1a de sorte que l'angle au sommet a5 au centre du moteur M encadrant une largeur de dent 7 avec ses deux encoches 6 associées l'entourant du stator externe 1 est décalé par rapport à l'angle au sommet a4 encadrant une largeur de dent 7a avec ses deux encoches 6a associées du stator interne 1a. Il s'ensuit que les dents 7 du stator externe 1 ne présentent pas individuellement le même angle au sommet, a5 que l'angle au sommet a4 pour les dents du stator interne 1a pouvant leur être respectivement associées.  In one embodiment visible in FIG. 3, the teeth 7 of the outer stator 1 are offset relative to the teeth 7a of the internal stator 1a so that the angle at the apex a5 at the center of the motor M framing a tooth width 7 with its two associated notches 6 surrounding the outer stator 1 is offset from the angle at the apex a4 framing a tooth width 7a with its two notches 6a associated with the inner stator 1a. It follows that the teeth 7 of the outer stator 1 do not individually have the same angle at the apex, a5 as the apex angle a4 for the teeth of the inner stator 1a can respectively be associated with them.
De plus, à la figure 3, il est visible un angle au sommet a3 qui correspond à une largeur d'une encoche 6 du stator externe 1 et un angle au sommet a1 correspondant à une largeur d'une encoche 6a du stator interne 1a. Il est aussi montré un angle au sommet a2 correspondant à la différence d'angle entre un côté de l'encoche 6a du stator interne 1a et le côté correspondant de l'encoche 6 du stator externe 1.  In addition, in Figure 3, there is visible an apex angle a3 which corresponds to a width of a notch 6 of the outer stator 1 and an apex angle a1 corresponding to a width of a notch 6a of the inner stator 1a. It is also shown an apex angle a2 corresponding to the difference in angle between one side of the notch 6a of the inner stator 1a and the corresponding side of the notch 6 of the outer stator 1.
Les dents 7, 7a peuvent contenir du fer comme c'est le cas de manière usuelle. Cependant, avantageusement pour diminuer le couple de détente, les dents 7, 7a ne comprennent pas de fer. Dans ce cas, les dents 7, 7a peuvent être en matériau plastique, composite, céramique ou en verre.  The teeth 7, 7a may contain iron as is the case in the usual manner. However, advantageously to reduce the relaxation torque, the teeth 7, 7a do not include iron. In this case, the teeth 7, 7a may be of plastic material, composite, ceramic or glass.
Comme il est par exemple visible aux figures 1 et 4, les encoches 6, 6a de toutes les séries de bobinage 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a peuvent présenter des moyens de canalisation du flux magnétique créé par les bobines. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les encoches 6, 6a sont fermées sur la majeure partie de leur face en vis-à-vis de l'entrefer 4, 4a associée, une ouverture 10, 10a de passage de flux magnétique étant présente sur ladite face. Cette ouverture 10 pour le stator externe 1 ou 10a pour le stator interne 1a peut prendre les dimensions ou la forme désirée pour l'obtention d'un flux magnétique de configuration spécifique. Cette ouverture 10, 10a peut être différente entre encoches 6, 6a du stator interne 1a et du stator externe 1. As can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 1 and 4, the notches 6, 6a of all the winding series 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a may have means for channeling the magnetic flux created by the coils. In this embodiment, the notches 6, 6a are closed over most of their face vis-à-vis the air gap 4, 4a associated, an opening 10, 10a of magnetic flux passage being present on said face. This opening 10 for the external stator 1 or 10a for the internal stator 1a can take the dimensions or the desired shape for obtaining a magnetic flux of specific configuration. This opening 10, 10a can be different between notches 6, 6a of the inner stator 1a and the outer stator 1.
Dans un mode de réalisation montré à la figure 1 , ledit au moins un rotor 2 comprend plusieurs aimants 3. Dans un mode de réalisation montré à la figure 3, ledit au moins un rotor 2 comprend un unique aimant.  In one embodiment shown in FIG. 1, said at least one rotor 2 comprises several magnets 3. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 3, said at least one rotor 2 comprises a single magnet.
Ceci n'est pas forcément combiné avec l'autre caractéristique illustrée à la figure 3 concernant des angles au sommet différents pour les dents 7 avec leurs encoches 6 associées du stator externe 1 par rapport aux dents 7a avec leurs encoches 6a associées en correspondance sur le stator interne 1a.  This is not necessarily combined with the other characteristic illustrated in FIG. 3 concerning different vertex angles for the teeth 7 with their associated notches 6 of the outer stator 1 with respect to the teeth 7a with their notches 6a associated in correspondence with the internal stator 1a.
Les deux modes de réalisation sont possibles pris unitairement ou en combinaison, l'important étant qu'il n'y ait pas d'élément présent sur ledit au moins un rotor 2, par exemple mais non limitativement un support de fer, entre l'aimant ou les aimants 3 et les stators 1 , 1a.  Both embodiments are possible taken singly or in combination, the important thing being that there is no element present on said at least one rotor 2, for example but not limited to an iron support, between the magnet or magnets 3 and stators 1, 1a.
Dans une alternative, le rotor 2 peut comprendre un support pour ledit au moins un aimant 3, aucune partie du support n'étant cependant intercalée entre les deux entrefers 4, 4a, ce support n'étant pas montré aux figures.  In an alternative, the rotor 2 may comprise a support for said at least one magnet 3, no part of the support being however interposed between the two air gaps 4, 4a, this support not being shown in the figures.
Il peut y avoir aussi deux séries concentriques d'aimants 3, l'une en vis-à-vis du stator externe 1 et l'autre en vis-à-vis du stator interne 1a. Dans ce cas, les deux séries d'aimants 3 peuvent présenter leurs aimants successifs montés selon une structure de Halbach.  There may also be two concentric series of magnets 3, one facing the outer stator 1 and the other vis-à-vis the inner stator 1a. In this case, the two sets of magnets 3 may have their successive magnets mounted according to a Halbach structure.
Chaque série concentrique d'aimants 3 arrangée selon une structure de Halbach établit un champ magnétique augmenté du côté tourné vers la série d'éléments de bobinage 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a associée du stator 1 , 1a en vis-à-vis, tandis que le champ magnétique est diminué ou annulé sur son côté opposé. On réduit ainsi la déperdition du champ magnétique.  Each concentric series of magnets 3 arranged according to a Halbach structure establishes an increased magnetic field on the side facing the series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a associated with the stator 1, 1a vis-à-vis -vis, while the magnetic field is decreased or canceled on its opposite side. This reduces the loss of the magnetic field.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférentielle, au moins un rotor 2 comprend plusieurs aimants 3, les bobines de la série d'éléments de bobinage 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a d'au moins un stator 1 , 1a étant décalées vis-à-vis desdits aimants 3 dudit au moins un rotor 2. Ledit au moins un aimant 3 peut être choisi parmi les aimants ferrites, les aimants à base de terres rares comme des aimants néodyme-fer-bore ou des aimants samarium cobalt, des aimants à base d'aluminium, de nickel et de cobalt, avec ou sans liant thermoplastique. In a preferred embodiment, at least one rotor 2 comprises several magnets 3, the coils of the series of winding elements 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a of at least one stator 1, 1a being offset said magnets 3 of said at least one rotor 2. Said at least one magnet 3 may be chosen from ferrite magnets, rare earth magnets such as neodymium iron boron magnets or samarium cobalt magnets, magnets based on aluminum, nickel and cobalt, with or without thermoplastic binder.
L'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et illustrés qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemples.  The invention is in no way limited to the described and illustrated embodiments which have been given by way of example only.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Moteur (M) électromagnétique à flux radial notamment destiné à l'aide à la direction assistée dans un véhicule automobile, le moteur comprenant au moins un double entrefer (4, 4a) comportant au moins deux stators (1 , 1 a) encadrant au moins un rotor (2), un entrefer (4, 4a) étant défini entre chacun desdits au moins deux stators (1 , 1 a) et ledit au moins un rotor Radial flux electromagnetic motor (M) in particular intended to assist power steering in a motor vehicle, the motor comprising at least one double air gap (4, 4a) comprising at least two stators (1, 1 a) framing at least a rotor (2), an air gap (4, 4a) being defined between each of said at least two stators (1, 1 a) and said at least one rotor
(2) ainsi encadré, au moins un aimant (2) thus framed, at least one magnet
(3) permanent étant porté par ledit au moins un rotor (2), tandis qu'une série d'éléments de bobinage (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) est portée par chaque stator (1 , 1 a) en étant répartis successivement, chacun des éléments de bobinage (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) comprenant une dent (7, 7a) portant une bobine, chaque dent (7, 7a) étant encadrée sur chacun de ses côtés par une encoche (6, 6a), caractérisé en ce que le rotor comprend un unique aimant s'étendant complètement dans la portion du rotor (2) comprise entre les deux entrefers (4, 4a) et en ce que chacun des éléments de bobinage (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) des séries comprend un élément de séparation (5, 5a) disposé entre chaque encoche (6, 6a) d'une dent (7, 7a) et l'encoche (6, 6a) de la dent (7, 7a) successive. (3) permanent being carried by said at least one rotor (2), while a series of winding elements (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) is carried by each stator (1, 1 a) being distributed successively, each of the winding elements (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) comprising a tooth (7, 7a) carrying a coil, each tooth (7, 7a) being framed on each of its sides by a notch (6, 6a), characterized in that the rotor comprises a single magnet extending completely in the portion of the rotor (2) between the two air gaps (4, 4a) and in that each of the winding elements ( 5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) of the series comprises a separation element (5, 5a) arranged between each notch (6, 6a) of a tooth (7, 7a) and the notch (6, 6a ) of the successive tooth (7, 7a).
Moteur (M) électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel l'élément de séparation (5, 5a) fait saillie de l'élément de bobinage dé manière similaire aux dents (7, 7a). Electromagnetic motor (M) according to the preceding claim, in which the separation element (5, 5a) projects from the winding element in a manner similar to the teeth (7, 7a).
Moteur (M) électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les dents (7, 7a) et les éléments de séparation (5, 5a) faisant partie d'une série d'éléments de bobinage (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) d'un même chaque stator (1 , 1 a) présentent des largeurs différentes. Electromagnetic motor (M) according to the preceding claim, in which the teeth (7, 7a) and the separation elements (5, 5a) forming part of a series of winding elements (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a , 7a) of the same stator (1, 1 a) have different widths.
Moteur (M) électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des deux revendications précédentes, dans lequel les dents (7) du stator externe (1 ) sont décalées par rapport aux dents (7a) du stator interne (1 a) de sorte que l'angle au sommet (a5) au centre du moteur (M) encadrant une largeur de dent (7) avec ses encoches (6) associées du stator externe (1 ) est décalé par rapport à l'angle au sommet Electromagnetic motor (M) according to any one of the two preceding claims, in which the teeth (7) of the external stator (1) are offset relative to the teeth (7a) of the internal stator (1 a) so that the angle at the top (a5) in the center of the motor (M) framing a tooth width (7) with its associated notches (6) of the external stator (1) is offset from the vertex angle
(a4) encadrant une largeur de dent (7a) avec ses encoches (6a) associées du stator interne (1a). (a4) framing a tooth width (7a) with its associated notches (6a) of the internal stator (1a).
5. Moteur (M) électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les dents (7, 7a) ne comprennent pas de fer. 5. Electromagnetic motor (M) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the teeth (7, 7a) do not comprise iron.
6. Moteur (M) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les dents (7, 7a) sont en matériau plastique, composite, céramique ou en verre. 6. Motor (M) according to the preceding claim, in which the teeth (7, 7a) are made of plastic, composite, ceramic or glass.
7. Moteur (M) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les encoches (6, 6a) de toutes les séries de bobinage (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) présentent des moyens de canalisation du flux magnétique. 7. Motor (M) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the notches (6, 6a) of all the series of windings (5, 6, 7, 5a, 6a, 7a) have means for channeling the flow magnetic.
8. Moteur (M) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les encoches (6, 6a) sont fermées sur la majeure partie de leur face en vis-à-vis de l'entrefer (4, 4a) associée, une ouverture (10, 10a) de passage de flux magnétique étant présente sur ladite face. 8. Motor (M) according to the preceding claim, in which the notches (6, 6a) are closed on most of their face facing the associated air gap (4, 4a), an opening (10 , 10a) of magnetic flux passage being present on said face.
9. Moteur (M) ou génératrice électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit au moins un aimant (3) est choisi parmi les aimants ferrites, les aimants à base de terres rares comme des aimants néodyme-fer-bore ou des aimants samarium cobalt, des aimants à base d'aluminium, de nickel et de cobalt, avec ou sans liant thermoplastique. 9. Motor (M) or electromagnetic generator according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said at least one magnet (3) is chosen from ferrite magnets, rare earth magnets such as neodymium-iron-boron magnets or samarium cobalt magnets, magnets based on aluminum, nickel and cobalt, with or without a thermoplastic binder.
10. Moteur (M) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le rotor (2) et les stators (1 , 1a) sont sous forme cylindrique. 10. Motor (M) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (2) and the stators (1, 1a) are in cylindrical shape.
11. Moteur (M) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le rotor (2) comprend un support pour ledit au moins un aimant (3), aucune partie du support n'étant intercalée entre les deux entrefers (4, 4a). 11. Motor (M) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the rotor (2) comprises a support for said at least one magnet (3), no part of the support being interposed between the two air gaps (4, 4a).
12. Moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit au moins un rotor (2) est relié à un arbre de sortie du moteur passant par un espace cylindrique creux médian (9) au moteur (M) et traversant le moteur (M) axialement, cet espace creux médian (9) étant délimité par la périphérie interne du stator interne (1 a). 12. Motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one rotor (2) is connected to an output shaft of the motor passing through a central hollow cylindrical space (9) to the motor (M) and passing through the motor (M) axially, this median hollow space (9) being delimited by the internal periphery of the internal stator (1a).
13. Moteur selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit au moins un rotor (2) est relié à l'arbre de sortie par une pièce de forme étoilée. 13. Motor according to the preceding claim, wherein said at least one rotor (2) is connected to the output shaft by a star-shaped part.
14. Moteur selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le diamètre de l'espace cylindrique creux médian (9) est supérieur au diamètre de l'arbre d'entraînement de manière à laisser un passage entre l'arbre d'entraînement et l'espace cylindrique creux médian. 14. Motor according to the preceding claim, in which the diameter of the median hollow cylindrical space (9) is greater than the diameter of the drive shaft so as to leave a passage between the drive shaft and the space cylindrical hollow median.
15. Moteur selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le passage présente des moyens de ventilation pour son refroidissement. 15. Motor according to the preceding claim, in which the passage has ventilation means for its cooling.
16. Direction assistée de véhicule automobile, caractérisée en ce quelle contient au moins un moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 16. Powered steering of a motor vehicle, characterized in that it contains at least one motor according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP15754255.6A 2014-07-04 2015-07-01 Electromagnetic motor comprising radial air gaps and a rotor surrounded by two stators, reducing cogging torque Withdrawn EP3164929A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1401594A FR3023430B1 (en) 2014-07-04 2014-07-04 POLYENTREFER ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR WITH RADIAL MAGNETIC FLUX WITH ROTOR FRAMED BY TWO STATORS WITH DECREASE OF RELIEF TORQUE
PCT/FR2015/000131 WO2016001495A2 (en) 2014-07-04 2015-07-01 Radial-flux electromagnetic motor comprising multiple air gaps and a rotor surrounded by two stators, with reduced cogging torque

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EP3240162B1 (en) 2016-04-26 2019-07-24 ABB Schweiz AG Double stator rotating electrical machine
CN107959367B (en) * 2016-10-18 2024-09-17 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Double-stator hybrid excitation vortex damping device
CN106374706B (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-11-23 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 Motor
CN113328595A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-08-31 哈尔滨理工大学 Novel birotor vernier motor structure

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US5751089A (en) * 1992-01-29 1998-05-12 Stridsberg Innovation Ab Brushless DC motors/generators
JP3152405B2 (en) * 1992-06-10 2001-04-03 オークマ株式会社 Electric motor
DE19838378A1 (en) * 1998-08-24 2000-03-02 Magnet Motor Gmbh Electrical machine with permanent magnets
KR101273594B1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2013-06-14 삼성전자주식회사 Motor and drum type washing machine having the same
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