EP3162402A1 - Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe - Google Patents

Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3162402A1
EP3162402A1 EP15811100.5A EP15811100A EP3162402A1 EP 3162402 A1 EP3162402 A1 EP 3162402A1 EP 15811100 A EP15811100 A EP 15811100A EP 3162402 A1 EP3162402 A1 EP 3162402A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
formulation
viscosity
rhinal
spray nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15811100.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3162402A4 (en
EP3162402B1 (en
Inventor
Taizou Kamishita
Takashi Miyazaki
Shinya HOSHINO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toko Yakuhin Kogyo KK
Original Assignee
Toko Yakuhin Kogyo KK
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toko Yakuhin Kogyo KK filed Critical Toko Yakuhin Kogyo KK
Priority to RS20210537A priority Critical patent/RS61768B1/en
Priority to SI201531601T priority patent/SI3162402T1/en
Priority to PL15811100T priority patent/PL3162402T3/en
Publication of EP3162402A1 publication Critical patent/EP3162402A1/en
Publication of EP3162402A4 publication Critical patent/EP3162402A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3162402B1 publication Critical patent/EP3162402B1/en
Priority to HRP20210633TT priority patent/HRP20210633T1/en
Priority to CY20211100419T priority patent/CY1124225T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A61K39/145—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/006—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by applying mechanical pressure to the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/007—Syringe-type or piston-type sprayers or atomisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/06—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes of the injector type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/08—Inhaling devices inserted into the nose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/525—Virus
    • A61K2039/5252—Virus inactivated (killed)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
    • A61K2039/541—Mucosal route
    • A61K2039/543—Mucosal route intranasal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55505—Inorganic adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
    • A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
    • A61M2206/16—Rotating swirling helical flow, e.g. by tangential inflows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/06—Head
    • A61M2210/0618—Nose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/16011—Orthomyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/16034—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe to apply a viscous pharmaceutical formulation to a rhinal mucosal membrane.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses the metered-dose syringe squirt which comprises a syringe, a plunger being squeezable within the syringe, an elastic-deformation member being elastically deformable by squeezing the plunger within the syringe, and a stopper which is stopped against the syringe and released by restoring force of the elastic-deformation member, whereby the fluid content filled in the single syringe can be delivered at multiple steps by squeezing and releasing the plunger.
  • Patent Document 2 JP 5185109 B discloses an upside back-pressure airless spray container being operable to control a spray angle and a spray distribution in a desired range thereof when spraying a gel base material comprising carboxy vinyl polymer which was treated by applying an exogenous shear force.
  • the airless spray container being capable of delivering a multiple metered-dose formulation has an advantage in containing and storing a plurality of formulation doses therein.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation is used as a prophylaxis or a therapeutic medication for an infectious disease
  • most of patients or vaccine recipients feel less comfortable and less sanitary to share the airless spray container with the nozzle inserted within their nasal cavities, which may also cause any other infectious diseases (in-hospital infections).
  • the present inventors have considered to use the metered-dose syringe squirt of the aforementioned Patent Document 1 for spraying the formulation containing the gel base material comprising carboxy vinyl polymer treated by applying an exogenous shear force.
  • the metered-dose syringe squirt has a basic structure different from that of the upside back-pressure airless spray container (especially the spray nozzle thereof) disclosed in the aforementioned Patent Document 2, a particular spray characteristics such as a particle size distribution of formulation, an uniform spray geometry, and a spray angle which is required for a targeted pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation has not been achieved so far.
  • the present inventors has finally made the present invention after finding an optimized shape and configuration of the nozzle of the metered-dose syringe-based squirt for spraying the viscous formulation having pre-described features to the rhinal mucosal membrane.
  • One of aspects of the present invention is to provide a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe having a tip opening in fluid communication with a syringe barrel for storing a formulation
  • the rhinal spray nozzle comprises a hollow nozzle body having a tip portion defining a nozzle orifice thereon, a solid packing rod arranged within the nozzle body, and a nozzle chamber defined between the packing rod and the nozzle body to allow a fluid communication between the tip opening and the nozzle orifice
  • the formulation comprises the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force
  • the nozzle orifice has a diameter in a range between 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm.
  • the formulation comprises the gel material containing the viscosity modification agent such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride), a pH buffer solution such as dibasic sodium phosphate hydrate and sodium dihydrogenphosphate, and a neutralizing agent such as L-Arginine and sodium hydroxide, of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
  • the viscosity modification agent such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride
  • a pH buffer solution such as dibasic sodium phosphate hydrate and sodium dihydrogenphosphate
  • a neutralizing agent such as L-Arginine and sodium hydroxide
  • the nozzle orifice includes substantially no curved portion, and the tip portion has thickness along an injection direction of the formulation which is in a range between 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm.
  • the nozzle body includes an inner wall having at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape and the packing rod includes an outer wall at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape having a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves, the nozzle chamber is defined between the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body and the at least portion of the outer wall of the packing rod, and the packing rod includes a vortex-flow generation member opposed to the tip portion of the nozzle body.
  • the vortex-flow generation member formed so that a flow direction of the formulation from the grooves of the packing rod may be offset to a central axis, thereby to generate a vortex flow of the formulation.
  • the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body is formed to have a cross section perpendicular to the injection direction continuously or step-wisely reducing towards the injection direction.
  • the gel material preferably has a viscosity of 2500 mPas or less, and more preferably 1000 mPas.
  • a spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 45 degrees and 60 degrees
  • an average particle size of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 50 microns and 80 microns.
  • counts of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particle.
  • the present invention it is advantageous to achieve the given spray characteristics (a particle size distribution, an uniform spray geometry, and a spray angle) required to obtain a pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation comprising the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
  • Fig. 1 is a partially-fragmented side view of a medical syringe 1 comprising a rhinal spray nozzle 10 of an embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the medical syringe 1 generally comprises a syringe body 4 made of synthetic resin or glass having a syringe barrel 3 capable of storing a pharmaceutical formulation therein, and a plunger rod 5 inserted within the syringe barrel 3 of the syringe body 4.
  • the medical syringe 1 also comprises a piston 7 having a fixing member 5a provided at the distal end of the plunger rod 5 and sliding within the syringe barrel 3 so as to pump the formulation in the syringe barrel 3 out of a distal tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4, a finger flange 8 provided around a proximal end of the syringe body 4, and a plunger end member 9 transmitting the force applied by a practitioner such as a medical doctor to the plunger rod 5.
  • the medical syringe 1 may be similar to the metered-dose syringe-based squirt of the aforementioned Patent Document 1.
  • the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention may be applicable to any type of the medical syringes 1 which pump the formulation in the syringe barrel 3 by pushing the plunger rod 5 (and the piston 7), and thus, the present invention will not be limited to the known configurations of the medical syringe. Therefore, the present disclosure will eliminate further description for the detailed structure of the medical syringe (or the metered-dose syringe-based squirt) 1, and discuss in more detail about the structure and the function of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 used for the medical syringe. It should be noted that the disclosure of the aforementioned Patent Document 1 is incorporated herein by reference into the present application.
  • the medical syringes 1 further comprises the rhinal spray nozzle 10 opposed to the tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4, and a protection cap 50 for protecting a sterilized tip portion 22 of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 from contaminant and mechanical impact.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B are partially-fragmented perspective views, showing the general structure of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rhinal spray nozzle 10 generally comprises a hollow nozzle body 20 having the tip portion 22 with a nozzle orifice 21 and a solid packing rod (packing bar) 30 provided within the nozzle body 20.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show the rhinal spray nozzle 10 before and after the packing rod 30 is arranged or inserted within the nozzle body 20, respectively.
  • the tip portion 22 of the nozzle body 20 has a circular shape and is provided with the nozzle orifice 21 at the center thereof.
  • Fig. 3A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of Fig. 2B .
  • Figs. 3B, 3C and 3D are horizontal cross-sectional views of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 taken along B-B line, C-C line and D-D line of Fig. 3A , respectively.
  • the hollow nozzle body 20 defines an internal space 24 of a substantially cylindrical shape. As shown in Figs.
  • the internal space 24 includes a nozzle small-diameter portion 25 closer to the nozzle orifice 21 of the hollow nozzle body 20, a nozzle large-diameter portion 26 opposing to the tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4, and a nozzle shoulder 27 which is designed to have a diameter continuously or step-wisely reducing from the nozzle large-diameter portion 26 towards the nozzle small-diameter portion 25.
  • the solid packing rod 30 to be inserted within the nozzle body 20 has an outer wall 33 having a configuration substantially complementary with an inner wall 23 of the nozzle body 20 (internal space 24).
  • a rod small-diameter portion 35 and a rod large-diameter portion 36 include shoulder 37 which is designed to have a diameter continuously or step-wisely reducing from a rod large-diameter portion 36 towards a rod small-diameter portion 35.
  • the inner wall 23 of the nozzle body 20 is provided with a protrusion 23a
  • the outer wall 33 of the packing rod 30 is provided with a recess 33a for receiving the protrusion 23a.
  • the protrusion 23a may be closely fit in the recess 33a to ensure connection between the packing rod 30 and the nozzle body 20.
  • the packing rod 30 includes a plurality of grooves 38, 39 circumferentially spaced from one another both on the rod small-diameter portion 35 and the rod large-diameter portion 36. Also, the packing rod 30 is inserted within the nozzle body 20 so as to define a gap 40 between the nozzle shoulder 27 and the rod shoulder 37 ( Fig. 3A ).
  • the rhinal spray nozzle 10 assembled as illustrated in Fig. 2B has a nozzle chamber 42 defined by the grooves 38, 39 and the gap 40 which allows fluid communication of the formulation 2 delivered from the tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4 through the nozzle chamber 42 to the tip portion 22 of the rhinal spray nozzle 10.
  • the packing rod 30 includes a vortex-flow generation member 44 opposed to the tip portion 22 of the rhinal spray nozzle 10.
  • the vortex-flow generation member 44 is configured to generate a vortex flow of the formulation 2 that is delivered from each of the grooves 38 of the rod small-diameter portion 35 before being injected from the nozzle orifice 21 of the nozzle body 20. More particularly, the end portions of the rod small-diameter portion 35 which define the vortex-flow generation member 44 are formed so as to extend offset the vertical central axis of the nozzle orifice 21. Thanks to generation of the vortex flow of the formulation 2 before being injected from the nozzle orifice 21, the spray angle of the formulation 2 can be expanded to spray it in a more uniform manner.
  • the grooves 38 of the rod small-diameter portion 35 it is preferable to design the grooves 38 of the rod small-diameter portion 35 to be less than the grooves 39 of the rod large-diameter portion 36 so as to increase the pressure of the formulation 2 in the vortex-flow generation member 44 before being injected from the nozzle orifice 21. Also, thanks to the diameters of the rod large-diameter portion 36 and the rod small-diameter portion 35 which are designed to continuously or step-wisely be reduced from the former to the latter, it is easier to insert the rhinal spray nozzle 10 deeply into the nasal cavity and to spray the formulation towards the inferior nasal concha and even deeper portions of the patient. Thus preferably, the diameter of the rod small-diameter portion 35 is smaller enough than the nasal cavity opening of the patient without minimizing fear of the patient.
  • a fluid such as a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) having substantially no viscosity
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the fluid immediately comes out from the nasal cavity or runs out from the uvula pharyngeal portion through the inferior nasal meatus of the patient, because of lack of retention characteristic of the fluid.
  • the formulation is required to have a predetermined viscosity.
  • the viscosity of the formulation is likely reduced during passing through the spray nozzle, and therefore, in order to maintain the desired spray retention characteristic of the formulation, it is necessary to maintain the viscosity thereof not only before being sprayed but also immediately after being sprayed.
  • the uniform spray geometry of the formulation is referred to as a characteristic where the sprayed formulation is distributed in a substantially uniform concentration, and is evaluated with a sprayed pattern on a plane arranged perpendicularly to the spraying direction of the formulation injected from the nozzle orifice 21.
  • the present disclosure evaluates the sprayed pattern as being acceptable (abbreviated as "OKā€) with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when having substantially a circular or full-cone shape as illustrated in Fig. 5 , and as being unacceptable (abbreviated as "NGā€) when having an oblong or hollow-cone shape.
  • the spray angle is referred to as the maximum dispersing angle of the sprayed formulation droplet (which may be referred to as a "formulation particleā€), and the present disclosure evaluates the spray angle as being acceptable (abbreviated as "OK") with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when the formulation falls within a range between 40 to 60 degrees.
  • the formulation particles cannot be delivered to the inferior nasal concha of the patient when being too big, meanwhile they are likely inhaled to the bronchi and/or the lung of the patient upon breathing when being too fine. In either case, the expected therapeutic benefits of the formulation cannot be achieved. Therefore, the present disclosure evaluates the average particle size as being acceptable (abbreviated as "OK") with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when the average particle size falls within a range between 50 to 80 microns and the counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particles.
  • rhinal spray nozzles 10 having different sizes and/or shapes which is used for the medical syringe 1 were prepared to evaluate whether the rhinal spray nozzles 10 are acceptable or not (OK or NG) when spraying various formulations containing the gel base materials, by checking the viscosity and/or viscosity retention rate (or the spray retention characteristic), the spray uniformity (or the spray pattern), the spray angle, and the average particle size of the formulations.
  • rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k capable of being connected to the medical syringe 1 of the aforementioned embodiment were produced, by modifying the diameter ( ā‡ ) of the nozzle orifice 21 and the thickness (d) of the tip portion 22 along the injection direction of the formulation, and by providing a curved portion or not on the tip portion 22 (yes or no).
  • Figs. 4A and 4B are enlarged cross-sectional views of the tip portion 22 of the nozzle body 20, in which the tip portion 22 is provided with the curved portion 46 in Fig. 4A (yes) but not in Fig. 4B (no).
  • Each of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k includes the nozzle orifices 21 having the diameters ( ā‡ ) in the range between 0.25 mm to 0.55 mm, and the tip portion 22 having the thickness (d) in the range between 0.13 mm to 0.30 mm along the injection direction of the formulation.
  • the rhinal spray nozzles 10c, 10g, 10i each have the curved portion 46 with the tip portion 22 as illustrated in Fig. 4A .
  • the exogenous shear force may be applied in any process, and although not limited thereto, it may be applied by preparing, mixing components of the base material, blending them to be homogeneous, and rotating it at a relatively high speed by means of an intermittent jet stream generation type high-speed emulsification device. Also the base materials so processed may further be heat-treated and sterilized in an atmosphere of high-pressure steam.
  • influenza vaccine composition (the formulation comprising the gel base material E4 containing an inactivated whole-virus antigen influenza vaccine) was prepared by mixing a gel base material and a stock solution of an influenza vaccine as follows.
  • Influenza Vaccine Composition Inactivated Whole-Virus Antigen Influenza Vaccines A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) 30 ā‡ gHA A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2) 30 ā‡ gHA B/Brisbane/60/2008 60 ā‡ gHA Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 5.50 mg L-Arginine 12.00 mg concentrated Glycerin 10.00 mg Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Hydrate 1.765 mg Sodium Dihydrogenphosphate 0.270 mg Sodium Chloride 4.25 mg Purified Water proper quantity Total 1.0 mL
  • the viscosity of the base material A-E according to the present embodiment is measured by a C-type viscosimeter at 20 degrees C.
  • the viscosity retention rate is referred to the remaining rate of the viscosity of the base material A-E immediately after being sprayed.
  • each of the base materials A-E was sprayed from the respective rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k towards a paper arranged vertically and spaced away from the nozzle orifice 21 by a predetermined distance.
  • Fig 5 shows the spray patterns being acceptable in a particular combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10, both of which have circular shapes (rather than oval shapes) and show uniform full-cone spraying (rather than hollow-cone spraying).
  • each of the base materials A-E was sprayed.
  • a high-speed microscope commercially available from Keyence CorporationĀ® (model No. VW-9000) was used to measure the spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice 21 of each of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k.
  • Fig 6 shows the spray angle being acceptable in a particular combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10, since the spray angle was 50.51 degrees while the desired or acceptable range according to the present disclosure is set between 40-60 degrees.
  • each of the base materials A-E was sprayed by pushing the plunger rod 5 at a predetermined speed (e.g., 80 mm/s).
  • a predetermined speed e.g. 80 mm/s.
  • a laser-diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus was used for measuring the particle size of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice 21 of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k so as to determine the average particle size and the rate or percentage of counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns over the total counts thereof.
  • Fig 7 shows the average particle size of the sprayed formulation is 56.60 microns and the percentage of counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns over the total counts thereof is 86.90%, which is acceptable in a particular combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10.
  • Figs. 8-15 show the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials A, B1, C1-C2, D, E4 (eight types) in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, and also indicate whether the combination of each of the base materials and the rhinal spray nozzles 10 is acceptable or not (abbreviated herein as "OKā€ and "NG").
  • V Viscosity
  • RV Viscosity Retention Rate
  • SP Spray Pattern
  • SA Spray Angle
  • APS Average Particle Size
  • PSD Particle Size Distribution
  • PC Percentage of Counts of the particles between 10 to 100 microns
  • the base material A having very low viscosity as shown in Table 2 and the base materials B1-B2 having low viscosity retention rates as shown in Table 3 are not suitable for the rhinal spray formulation.
  • the base material C was prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa) as shown in Table 4 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity.
  • a viscosity modification agent sodium chloride
  • the base material D was prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2500 mPa) as shown in Table 5 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity.
  • the spray pattern of the formulation containing the base materials C and D filled in the medical syringe provided with the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k are acceptable only for the rhinal spray nozzles 10d and 10e.
  • the rhinal spray nozzles 10 achieve the desired spray characteristics only when it is used with the base materials C2 and has the diameter of the nozzle orifice of 0.30 mm and the thickness between 0.13 mm through 0.20 mm.
  • the base material E was prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa) as shown in Table 6 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity.
  • a predetermined viscosity e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa
  • Table 6 a predetermined viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity.
  • the rhinal spray nozzles 10c, 10g having the curved portion on the nozzle orifice 21 of the tip portion 22 failed to achieve the desired spray nozzle, thus several of the base materials E were determined as unacceptable due to failure to achieve the desired spray characteristics.
  • the rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe according to the present invention substantially improves the spray uniformity (spray pattern), the spray angle, particle size distribution (an average particle size) in spraying the pharmaceutical formulation such as an endermatic influenza vaccine comprising the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force so as to improve the retention of the formulation in the nasal cavity of the patient, thereby to achieve higher pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation.

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Abstract

The present invention has a purpose to achieve desired spray characteristics when a pharmaceutical formulation is sprayed by means of a rhinal spray nozzle used for a metered-dose syringe-based squirt.
The present invention relates to a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe having a tip opening in fluid communication with a syringe barrel for storing a pharmaceutical formulation. The rhinal spray nozzle comprises a hollow nozzle body having a tip portion defining a nozzle orifice thereon, a solid packing rod arranged within the nozzle body, and a nozzle chamber defined between the packing rod and the nozzle body to allow a fluid communication between the tip opening and the nozzle orifice, wherein the formulation comprises the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force, and wherein the nozzle orifice has a diameter in a range between 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm.
Figure imgaf001

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe to apply a viscous pharmaceutical formulation to a rhinal mucosal membrane.
    • Background Art
  • So far a metered-dose syringe-based squirt has been suggested for application as a rhinal spray nozzle. For example, Patent Document 1 (i.e., WO 2013/145789 A1 ) discloses the metered-dose syringe squirt which comprises a syringe, a plunger being squeezable within the syringe, an elastic-deformation member being elastically deformable by squeezing the plunger within the syringe, and a stopper which is stopped against the syringe and released by restoring force of the elastic-deformation member, whereby the fluid content filled in the single syringe can be delivered at multiple steps by squeezing and releasing the plunger.
  • Also, although it is not the syringe-based squirt, an airless spray container (e.g., rhinal spray container) has also been proposed to apply a viscous pharmaceutical formulation to a rhinal mucosal membrane. For example, Patent Document 2 ( JP 5185109 B ) discloses an upside back-pressure airless spray container being operable to control a spray angle and a spray distribution in a desired range thereof when spraying a gel base material comprising carboxy vinyl polymer which was treated by applying an exogenous shear force.
    • Summary of Invention Problems to be solved by Invention
  • The airless spray container being capable of delivering a multiple metered-dose formulation has an advantage in containing and storing a plurality of formulation doses therein. However in case where the pharmaceutical formulation is used as a prophylaxis or a therapeutic medication for an infectious disease, most of patients or vaccine recipients feel less comfortable and less sanitary to share the airless spray container with the nozzle inserted within their nasal cavities, which may also cause any other infectious diseases (in-hospital infections).
  • The present inventors have considered to use the metered-dose syringe squirt of the aforementioned Patent Document 1 for spraying the formulation containing the gel base material comprising carboxy vinyl polymer treated by applying an exogenous shear force. However because the metered-dose syringe squirt has a basic structure different from that of the upside back-pressure airless spray container (especially the spray nozzle thereof) disclosed in the aforementioned Patent Document 2, a particular spray characteristics such as a particle size distribution of formulation, an uniform spray geometry, and a spray angle which is required for a targeted pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation has not been achieved so far.
  • To address the aforementioned drawbacks, the present inventors has finally made the present invention after finding an optimized shape and configuration of the nozzle of the metered-dose syringe-based squirt for spraying the viscous formulation having pre-described features to the rhinal mucosal membrane.
    • Means to Solve the Problems
  • One of aspects of the present invention is to provide a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe having a tip opening in fluid communication with a syringe barrel for storing a formulation, the rhinal spray nozzle comprises a hollow nozzle body having a tip portion defining a nozzle orifice thereon, a solid packing rod arranged within the nozzle body, and a nozzle chamber defined between the packing rod and the nozzle body to allow a fluid communication between the tip opening and the nozzle orifice, wherein the formulation comprises the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force, and wherein the nozzle orifice has a diameter in a range between 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm.
  • Preferably, the formulation comprises the gel material containing the viscosity modification agent such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride), a pH buffer solution such as dibasic sodium phosphate hydrate and sodium dihydrogenphosphate, and a neutralizing agent such as L-Arginine and sodium hydroxide, of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
  • Also preferably the nozzle orifice includes substantially no curved portion, and the tip portion has thickness along an injection direction of the formulation which is in a range between 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm.
  • Also preferably the nozzle body includes an inner wall having at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape and the packing rod includes an outer wall at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape having a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves, the nozzle chamber is defined between the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body and the at least portion of the outer wall of the packing rod, and the packing rod includes a vortex-flow generation member opposed to the tip portion of the nozzle body. The vortex-flow generation member formed so that a flow direction of the formulation from the grooves of the packing rod may be offset to a central axis, thereby to generate a vortex flow of the formulation. Also preferably, the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body is formed to have a cross section perpendicular to the injection direction continuously or step-wisely reducing towards the injection direction.
  • The gel material preferably has a viscosity of 2500 mPas or less, and more preferably 1000 mPas. Preferably a spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 45 degrees and 60 degrees, an average particle size of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 50 microns and 80 microns. Also preferably, counts of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particle.
    • Advantages of Invention
  • According to the present invention, it is advantageous to achieve the given spray characteristics (a particle size distribution, an uniform spray geometry, and a spray angle) required to obtain a pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation comprising the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
    • Brief Description of Drawings
    • Fig. 1 is a partially-fragmented side view of a general structure of a medical syringe comprising a rhinal spray nozzle of one embodiment according to the present invention.
    • Figs. 2A and 2B are partially-fragmented perspective views of the general structure of the rhinal spray nozzle of one embodiment of the present invention, showing configurations before and after the packing rod are inserted within the nozzle body, respectively.
    • Fig. 3A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the rhinal spray nozzle of Fig. 2B, and Figs. 3B, 3C and 3D are horizontal cross-sectional views of the rhinal spray nozzle taken along B-B line, C-C line and D-D line of Fig. 3A, respectively.
    • Figs. 4A and 4B are enlarged cross-sectional views of the tip portion of the nozzle body, in which the tip portion is provided with the curved portion in Fig. 4A but not in Fig. 4B.
    • Fig 5 shows spray patterns of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice of Example 1.
    • Fig 6 shows a spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice of Example 1.
    • Fig 7 shows a particle size distribution of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice of Example 1.
    • Fig 8 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials A in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles, and also indicate whether the combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzles is acceptable or not.
    • Fig 9 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials B1 in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    • Fig 10 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials C1 in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    • Fig 11 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials C2 in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    • Fig 12 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials D in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    • Fig 13 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials E1 in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    • Fig 14 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials E2 in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    • Fig 15 shows the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials E4 in the metered-dose syringe-based squirt provided with various rhinal spray nozzles.
    Description of Embodiments
  • With reference to attached drawings, embodiments of a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe according to the present invention will be described hereinafter. In the following description, directional terms such as "front, "rear", "proximal" and "distal" are conveniently used for better understandings, however those terms are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Also, like components are denoted by like reference signs throughout the attached drawings.
    • [Medical Syringe]
  • Fig. 1 is a partially-fragmented side view of a medical syringe 1 comprising a rhinal spray nozzle 10 of an embodiment according to the present invention. As illustrated in Fig. 1, the medical syringe 1 generally comprises a syringe body 4 made of synthetic resin or glass having a syringe barrel 3 capable of storing a pharmaceutical formulation therein, and a plunger rod 5 inserted within the syringe barrel 3 of the syringe body 4. The medical syringe 1 also comprises a piston 7 having a fixing member 5a provided at the distal end of the plunger rod 5 and sliding within the syringe barrel 3 so as to pump the formulation in the syringe barrel 3 out of a distal tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4, a finger flange 8 provided around a proximal end of the syringe body 4, and a plunger end member 9 transmitting the force applied by a practitioner such as a medical doctor to the plunger rod 5. The medical syringe 1 may be similar to the metered-dose syringe-based squirt of the aforementioned Patent Document 1.
  • It should be noted that the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention may be applicable to any type of the medical syringes 1 which pump the formulation in the syringe barrel 3 by pushing the plunger rod 5 (and the piston 7), and thus, the present invention will not be limited to the known configurations of the medical syringe. Therefore, the present disclosure will eliminate further description for the detailed structure of the medical syringe (or the metered-dose syringe-based squirt) 1, and discuss in more detail about the structure and the function of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 used for the medical syringe. It should be noted that the disclosure of the aforementioned Patent Document 1 is incorporated herein by reference into the present application.
    • [Rhinal Spray Nozzle]
  • As shown in Fig. 1, the medical syringes 1 further comprises the rhinal spray nozzle 10 opposed to the tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4, and a protection cap 50 for protecting a sterilized tip portion 22 of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 from contaminant and mechanical impact. Figs. 2A and 2B are partially-fragmented perspective views, showing the general structure of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the rhinal spray nozzle 10 generally comprises a hollow nozzle body 20 having the tip portion 22 with a nozzle orifice 21 and a solid packing rod (packing bar) 30 provided within the nozzle body 20. Figs. 2A and 2B show the rhinal spray nozzle 10 before and after the packing rod 30 is arranged or inserted within the nozzle body 20, respectively. The tip portion 22 of the nozzle body 20 has a circular shape and is provided with the nozzle orifice 21 at the center thereof.
  • Fig. 3A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of Fig. 2B. Figs. 3B, 3C and 3D are horizontal cross-sectional views of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 taken along B-B line, C-C line and D-D line of Fig. 3A, respectively. The hollow nozzle body 20 defines an internal space 24 of a substantially cylindrical shape. As shown in Figs. 3C and 3D, the internal space 24 includes a nozzle small-diameter portion 25 closer to the nozzle orifice 21 of the hollow nozzle body 20, a nozzle large-diameter portion 26 opposing to the tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4, and a nozzle shoulder 27 which is designed to have a diameter continuously or step-wisely reducing from the nozzle large-diameter portion 26 towards the nozzle small-diameter portion 25.
  • On the other hand, the solid packing rod 30 to be inserted within the nozzle body 20 has an outer wall 33 having a configuration substantially complementary with an inner wall 23 of the nozzle body 20 (internal space 24). As shown in Figs. 2A, 3C and 3D, a rod small-diameter portion 35 and a rod large-diameter portion 36 include shoulder 37 which is designed to have a diameter continuously or step-wisely reducing from a rod large-diameter portion 36 towards a rod small-diameter portion 35.
  • Preferably, as illustrated in Fig. 3A, the inner wall 23 of the nozzle body 20 is provided with a protrusion 23a, while the outer wall 33 of the packing rod 30 is provided with a recess 33a for receiving the protrusion 23a. When the packing rod 30 is fully inserted within the internal space 24 of the nozzle body 20, the protrusion 23a may be closely fit in the recess 33a to ensure connection between the packing rod 30 and the nozzle body 20.
  • Also as illustrated in Figs. 2A-2B and 3A-3D, the packing rod 30 includes a plurality of grooves 38, 39 circumferentially spaced from one another both on the rod small-diameter portion 35 and the rod large-diameter portion 36. Also, the packing rod 30 is inserted within the nozzle body 20 so as to define a gap 40 between the nozzle shoulder 27 and the rod shoulder 37 (Fig. 3A). Thus, the rhinal spray nozzle 10 assembled as illustrated in Fig. 2B has a nozzle chamber 42 defined by the grooves 38, 39 and the gap 40 which allows fluid communication of the formulation 2 delivered from the tip opening 6 of the syringe body 4 through the nozzle chamber 42 to the tip portion 22 of the rhinal spray nozzle 10.
  • Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 3B, the packing rod 30 includes a vortex-flow generation member 44 opposed to the tip portion 22 of the rhinal spray nozzle 10. The vortex-flow generation member 44 is configured to generate a vortex flow of the formulation 2 that is delivered from each of the grooves 38 of the rod small-diameter portion 35 before being injected from the nozzle orifice 21 of the nozzle body 20. More particularly, the end portions of the rod small-diameter portion 35 which define the vortex-flow generation member 44 are formed so as to extend offset the vertical central axis of the nozzle orifice 21. Thanks to generation of the vortex flow of the formulation 2 before being injected from the nozzle orifice 21, the spray angle of the formulation 2 can be expanded to spray it in a more uniform manner.
  • As illustrated in Figs. 3C-3D, it is preferable to design the grooves 38 of the rod small-diameter portion 35 to be less than the grooves 39 of the rod large-diameter portion 36 so as to increase the pressure of the formulation 2 in the vortex-flow generation member 44 before being injected from the nozzle orifice 21. Also, thanks to the diameters of the rod large-diameter portion 36 and the rod small-diameter portion 35 which are designed to continuously or step-wisely be reduced from the former to the latter, it is easier to insert the rhinal spray nozzle 10 deeply into the nasal cavity and to spray the formulation towards the inferior nasal concha and even deeper portions of the patient. Thus preferably, the diameter of the rod small-diameter portion 35 is smaller enough than the nasal cavity opening of the patient without minimizing fear of the patient.
    • [Optimal Spray of Formulation into Nasal Cavity]
  • In general, when a fluid such as a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) having substantially no viscosity is sprayed towards the inferior nasal concha by means of the medical syringe 1 through the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the above embodiment, the fluid immediately comes out from the nasal cavity or runs out from the uvula pharyngeal portion through the inferior nasal meatus of the patient, because of lack of retention characteristic of the fluid. Thus, in order to keep the sprayed formulation retained on the inferior nasal concha of the patient, the formulation is required to have a predetermined viscosity. Also in general, the viscosity of the formulation is likely reduced during passing through the spray nozzle, and therefore, in order to maintain the desired spray retention characteristic of the formulation, it is necessary to maintain the viscosity thereof not only before being sprayed but also immediately after being sprayed.
  • Also, besides the spray retention characteristic, appropriate characteristics for an uniform spray geometry, a spray angle, and a particle size distribution (i.e., an average particle size) of the formulation are required when it is applied by the medical syringe 1 using the rhinal spray nozzle 10. In particular, the uniform spray geometry of the formulation is referred to as a characteristic where the sprayed formulation is distributed in a substantially uniform concentration, and is evaluated with a sprayed pattern on a plane arranged perpendicularly to the spraying direction of the formulation injected from the nozzle orifice 21. Thus, the present disclosure evaluates the sprayed pattern as being acceptable (abbreviated as "OK") with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when having substantially a circular or full-cone shape as illustrated in Fig. 5, and as being unacceptable (abbreviated as "NG") when having an oblong or hollow-cone shape.
  • The spray angle is referred to as the maximum dispersing angle of the sprayed formulation droplet (which may be referred to as a "formulation particle"), and the present disclosure evaluates the spray angle as being acceptable (abbreviated as "OK") with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when the formulation falls within a range between 40 to 60 degrees.
  • Furthermore in general, the formulation particles cannot be delivered to the inferior nasal concha of the patient when being too big, meanwhile they are likely inhaled to the bronchi and/or the lung of the patient upon breathing when being too fine. In either case, the expected therapeutic benefits of the formulation cannot be achieved. Therefore, the present disclosure evaluates the average particle size as being acceptable (abbreviated as "OK") with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when the average particle size falls within a range between 50 to 80 microns and the counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particles.
    • [Examples]
  • As will be described in detail, several rhinal spray nozzles 10 having different sizes and/or shapes which is used for the medical syringe 1 were prepared to evaluate whether the rhinal spray nozzles 10 are acceptable or not (OK or NG) when spraying various formulations containing the gel base materials, by checking the viscosity and/or viscosity retention rate (or the spray retention characteristic), the spray uniformity (or the spray pattern), the spray angle, and the average particle size of the formulations.
    • [Preparation of Rhinal Spray Nozzles]
  • Several rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k capable of being connected to the medical syringe 1 of the aforementioned embodiment were produced, by modifying the diameter (Ļ•) of the nozzle orifice 21 and the thickness (d) of the tip portion 22 along the injection direction of the formulation, and by providing a curved portion or not on the tip portion 22 (yes or no). [Table 1]
    Nozzle a Nozzle b Nozzle c Nozzle d Nozzle e Nozzle f Nozzle g Nozzle h Nozzle i Nozzle j Nozzle k
    orifice diameter Ļ• 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.95 0.55
    thickness d 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.2 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
    curved portion no no yes no no no yes no yes no no
    (unit : mm)
  • Figs. 4A and 4B are enlarged cross-sectional views of the tip portion 22 of the nozzle body 20, in which the tip portion 22 is provided with the curved portion 46 in Fig. 4A (yes) but not in Fig. 4B (no). Each of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k includes the nozzle orifices 21 having the diameters (Ļ•) in the range between 0.25 mm to 0.55 mm, and the tip portion 22 having the thickness (d) in the range between 0.13 mm to 0.30 mm along the injection direction of the formulation. The rhinal spray nozzles 10c, 10g, 10i each have the curved portion 46 with the tip portion 22 as illustrated in Fig. 4A.
    • [Preparation of Various Formulations Containing Base Material]
  • Next, various formulations to be sprayed by means of the medical syringe 1 with the aforementioned rhinal spray nozzles 10 were prepared in following prescriptions.
    • [Base Material A]:
    • a phosphate buffered saline (Reference example), [Base Material B]:
    • a base material obtained by modifying an amount of carboxy vinyl polymer to have a given viscosity,
      [Base Material C]:
    • a base material obtained by adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) to have a given viscosity,
      [Base Material D]:
    • a base material obtained by applying an exogenous shear force to have a given viscosity, and
      [Base Material E]:
    • a base material obtained adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) and by applying an exogenous shear force to have a given viscosity.
  • With respect to the base materials D and E, the exogenous shear force may be applied in any process, and although not limited thereto, it may be applied by preparing, mixing components of the base material, blending them to be homogeneous, and rotating it at a relatively high speed by means of an intermittent jet stream generation type high-speed emulsification device. Also the base materials so processed may further be heat-treated and sterilized in an atmosphere of high-pressure steam. [Table 2]
    Base Material A (Reference Example)
    Phosphate Buffered Saline
    Viscosity 1 mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate (N/A)
    [Table 3]
    Base Material B1 Base Material B2
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.07925 wt% Carboxy vinyl Polymer 0.0557 wt%
    L-Arginine 0.08505 wt% L-Arginine 0.0942 wt%
    Purified Water 99.8907 wt% Purified Water 99.8501 wt%
    Viscosity 2500 mPas Viscosity 1000 mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate 28.4% % Viscosity Retention Rate 17.5 %
    prepared by modifying an amount of carboxy vinyl polymer to have viscosity of 2500 mPs prepared by modifying an amount of carboxy vinyl polymer to have viscosity of 1000 mPs
    [Table 4]
    Base Material C1 Base Material C2
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.5 wt% Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.5 wt%
    L-Arginine 1.0 wt % L-Arginine 1.0 wt%
    Sodium Chloride 0.5 wt% Sodium Chloride 0.5 wt%
    Purified Water 98.0 wt % Ethanol 0.5 wt%
    Purified Water 97.5 wt%
    Viscosity 2400 mPas Viscosity 2400 mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate 82.6 % Viscosity Retention Rate 81.6 %
    prepared by adding a viscosi ty modification agent (Sodium Chloride) to have viscosity of 2400 mPa prepared by adding a viscosi ty modification agent (Sodium Chloride) to have viscosity of 2400 mPa and by adding an ethanol for improving spray pattern
    Base Material C3
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.375 wt%
    L-Arginine 0.7 wt%
    Sodium Chloride 0.25 wt%
    Purified Water 98.675 wt%
    Viscosity 1000 mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate 76.5 %
    prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (Sodium Chloride) to have viscosity of 1000 mPa
    [Table 5]
    Base Material D
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.5 wt%
    L-Arginine 1.0 wt%
    Purified Water 98.5 wt% wt%
    Viscosity 2500 mPas mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate 99.5 %
    prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a viscosity of 2500 mPa
    [Table 6]
    Base Material E1 Base Material E2
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.5 wt% Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.5 wt%
    L-Arginine 1.0 wt% L-Arginine 1.0 wt%
    Sodium Chloride 0.25 wt% Sodium Chloride 0.25 wt%
    Purified Water 98.25 wt% Ethanol 0.5 wt%
    Purified water 97.75 wt%
    Viscosity 2500 mPas Viscosity 2400 mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate 99.8 % Viscosity Retention Rate 98.6 %
    prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (Sodium Chloride) and by applying an exogenous shear force to have viscosity of 2500 mPa prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (Sodium Chloride) and by applying an exogenous shear force to have viscosity of 2500 mPa and by adding an ethanol for improving spray pattern
    Base Material E3 Base Material E4
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.375 wt% Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 0.55 wt%
    L-Arginine 0.7 wt% L-Arginine 1.20 wt%
    Sodium Chloride 0.125 wt% Concentrated Glycerin 1.00 wt%
    Purified Water 98.8 wt% Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Hydrate 0.1765 wt%
    Sodium Dihydrogenphosphate 0.0270 wt%
    Sodium Chloride 0.4250 wt%
    Purified Water 69.6215 wt%
    Viscosity 1000 mPas Viscosity 1000 mPas
    Viscosity Retention Rate 100 % Viscosity Retention Rate 100 %
    prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (Sodium Chloride) and by applying an exogenous shear force to have viscosity of 1000 mPa prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (Sodium Chloride) and by applying an exogenous shear force to have viscosity of 1000 mPa
    • Example 1
  • An influenza vaccine composition (the formulation comprising the gel base material E4 containing an inactivated whole-virus antigen influenza vaccine) was prepared by mixing a gel base material and a stock solution of an influenza vaccine as follows. [Table 7]
    Influenza Vaccine Composition
    Inactivated Whole-Virus Antigen Influenza Vaccines
    ā€ƒA/California/7/2009 (H1N1) 30 ĀµgHA
    ā€ƒA/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2) 30 ĀµgHA
    ā€ƒB/Brisbane/60/2008 60 ĀµgHA
    Carboxy Vinyl Polymer 5.50 mg
    L-Arginine 12.00 mg
    concentrated Glycerin 10.00 mg
    Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Hydrate 1.765 mg
    Sodium Dihydrogenphosphate 0.270 mg
    Sodium Chloride 4.25 mg
    Purified Water proper quantity
    Total 1.0 mL
    • [Evaluation Process] a) Viscosity/Viscosity Retention Rate
  • The viscosity of the base material A-E according to the present embodiment is measured by a C-type viscosimeter at 20 degrees C. The viscosity retention rate is referred to the remaining rate of the viscosity of the base material A-E immediately after being sprayed.
    • b) Spray Uniformity (Spray Pattern)
  • After filling each of the base materials A-E in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, each of the base materials A-E was sprayed from the respective rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k towards a paper arranged vertically and spaced away from the nozzle orifice 21 by a predetermined distance. For example, Fig 5 shows the spray patterns being acceptable in a particular combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10, both of which have circular shapes (rather than oval shapes) and show uniform full-cone spraying (rather than hollow-cone spraying).
    • c) Spray Angle
  • After filling each of the base materials A-E in the medical syringe 1 provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, each of the base materials A-E was sprayed. A high-speed microscope commercially available from Keyence CorporationĀ® (model No. VW-9000) was used to measure the spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice 21 of each of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k. For example, Fig 6 shows the spray angle being acceptable in a particular combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10, since the spray angle was 50.51 degrees while the desired or acceptable range according to the present disclosure is set between 40-60 degrees.
    • d) Average Particle Size and Particle size Distribution
  • Also after filling each of the base materials A-E in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, each of the base materials A-E was sprayed by pushing the plunger rod 5 at a predetermined speed (e.g., 80 mm/s). A laser-diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus was used for measuring the particle size of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice 21 of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k so as to determine the average particle size and the rate or percentage of counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns over the total counts thereof. For example, Fig 7 shows the average particle size of the sprayed formulation is 56.60 microns and the percentage of counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns over the total counts thereof is 86.90%, which is acceptable in a particular combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10.
  • After filling the base materials A, B1-B2, C1-C3, D, E1-E4 in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, the test results were obtained as illustrated in Tables 8-10 for:
    1. a) Viscosity (V) and Viscosity Retention Rate (VRR),
    2. b) Spray Pattern (SP),
    3. c) Spray Angle (SA), and
    4. d) Average Particle Size (APS), Particle Size Distribution (PSD), and Percentage of Counts of the particles between 10 to 100 microns (PC).
  • Similarly, Figs. 8-15 show the spray patterns of the formulation comprising the base materials A, B1, C1-C2, D, E4 (eight types) in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, and also indicate whether the combination of each of the base materials and the rhinal spray nozzles 10 is acceptable or not (abbreviated herein as "OK" and "NG").
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
    Figure imgb0003
    • [Evaluations]
  • If all of the aforementioned parameters including a) Viscosity (V) and Viscosity Retention Rate (VRR), b) Spray Pattern (SP), c) Spray Angle (SA), and d) Average Particle Size (APS), Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and Percentage of Counts of the particles between 10 to 100 microns (PC) are within the desired range, then the combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10 is determined as acceptable (OK) and even one of the parameters is out of the desired range, the combination is determined as unacceptable (NG).
  • The base material A having very low viscosity as shown in Table 2 and the base materials B1-B2 having low viscosity retention rates as shown in Table 3 are not suitable for the rhinal spray formulation.
  • The base material C was prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa) as shown in Table 4 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity. Also, the base material D was prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2500 mPa) as shown in Table 5 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity. However, the spray pattern of the formulation containing the base materials C and D filled in the medical syringe provided with the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k are acceptable only for the rhinal spray nozzles 10d and 10e. Thus, the rhinal spray nozzles 10 achieve the desired spray characteristics only when it is used with the base materials C2 and has the diameter of the nozzle orifice of 0.30 mm and the thickness between 0.13 mm through 0.20 mm.
  • The base material E was prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa) as shown in Table 6 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity. However, the rhinal spray nozzles 10c, 10g having the curved portion on the nozzle orifice 21 of the tip portion 22 failed to achieve the desired spray nozzle, thus several of the base materials E were determined as unacceptable due to failure to achieve the desired spray characteristics. When focusing on the base materials E3 and E4, all of the rhinal spray nozzles 10 achieved the desired spray characteristics when the diameter of the nozzle orifice 21 was 0.3 mm and the thickness d of the tip portion 22 was in a range between 0.13 mm and 0.20 mm.
    • Industrial Applicability
  • As described above, the rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe according to the present invention substantially improves the spray uniformity (spray pattern), the spray angle, particle size distribution (an average particle size) in spraying the pharmaceutical formulation such as an endermatic influenza vaccine comprising the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force so as to improve the retention of the formulation in the nasal cavity of the patient, thereby to achieve higher pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation.
    • Denotation of Reference Numerals
  • 1: medical syringe, 2: pharmaceutical formulation, 3: syringe barrel, 4: syringe body, 5: plunger rod, 5a: fixing member, 6: opening, 7: piston, 8: finger flange, 9: plunger end member, 10: rhinal spray nozzle, 20: nozzle body, 21: nozzle orifice, 22: tip portion, 23: inner wall, 23a: protrusion, 24: internal space, 25: nozzle small-diameter portion, 26: nozzle large-diameter portion, 27: nozzle shoulder, 30: packing rod, 33: outer wall, 33a: recess, 35: rod small-diameter portion, 36: rod large-diameter portion, 37: rod shoulder, 38, 39: groove, 40: gap, 42: nozzle chamber, 44: vortex-flow generation member, 46: curved portion, 50: protection cap.

Claims (12)

  1. A rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe having a tip opening in fluid communication with a syringe barrel for storing a formulation, the rhinal spray nozzle comprising:
    a hollow nozzle body having a tip portion defining a nozzle orifice thereon;
    a solid packing rod arranged within the nozzle body; and
    a nozzle chamber defined between the packing rod and the nozzle body to allow a fluid communication between the tip opening and the nozzle orifice;
    wherein the formulation comprises the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force, and
    wherein the nozzle orifice has a diameter in a range between 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm.
  2. The rhinal spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises the gel material containing an electrolyte as the viscosity modification agent which is selected from a group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate hydrate, and sodium dihydrogenphosphate, of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
  3. The rhinal spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nozzle orifice includes substantially no curved portion.
  4. The rhinal spray nozzle according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the tip portion has thickness along an injection direction of the formulation which is in a range between 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm.
  5. The rhinal spray nozzle according to any one of preceding claims,
    wherein the nozzle body includes an inner wall having at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape and the packing rod includes an outer wall at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape having a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves,
    wherein the nozzle chamber is defined between the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body and the at least portion of the outer wall of the packing rod, and
    wherein the packing rod includes a vortex-flow generation member opposed to the tip portion of the nozzle body.
  6. The rhinal spray nozzle according to claim 5, wherein the vortex-flow generation member is formed so that a flow direction of the formulation from the grooves of the packing rod is offset to a central axis, thereby to generate a vortex flow of the formulation.
  7. The rhinal spray nozzle according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body is formed to have a cross section substantially perpendicular to the injection direction which is continuously or step-wisely reduced towards the injection direction.
  8. The rhinal spray nozzle according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the gel material has a viscosity of 2500 mPas or less.
  9. The rhinal spray nozzle according to claim 8, wherein the gel material has a viscosity of 1000 mPas.
  10. The rhinal spray nozzle according to any one of preceding claims, wherein a spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 45 degrees and 60 degrees.
  11. The rhinal spray nozzle according to any one of preceding claims, wherein an average particle size of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 50 microns and 80 microns.
  12. The rhinal spray nozzle according to any one of preceding claims, wherein counts of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particle.
EP15811100.5A 2014-06-25 2015-06-24 Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe Active EP3162402B1 (en)

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RS20210537A RS61768B1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-06-24 Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe
SI201531601T SI3162402T1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-06-24 Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe
PL15811100T PL3162402T3 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-06-24 Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe
HRP20210633TT HRP20210633T1 (en) 2014-06-25 2021-04-22 Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe
CY20211100419T CY1124225T1 (en) 2014-06-25 2021-05-14 NASAL SPRAY NOZZLE FOR USE IN A MEDICAL SYRINGE

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JP2014130150A JP6322844B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 Nasal spray nozzle used for medical syringes
PCT/JP2015/068199 WO2015199130A1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-06-24 Nasal spray nozzle to be used in medical syringe

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EP3162402A1 true EP3162402A1 (en) 2017-05-03
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US11020346B2 (en) 2021-06-01
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CN106535969A (en) 2017-03-22
PL3162402T3 (en) 2021-10-25
KR102159423B1 (en) 2020-09-23
LT3162402T (en) 2021-05-10
WO2015199130A1 (en) 2015-12-30
ES2865257T3 (en) 2021-10-15
BR112016030457B1 (en) 2022-06-21
CY1124225T1 (en) 2022-05-27
SG11201610607UA (en) 2017-01-27
JP2016007409A (en) 2016-01-18
JP6322844B2 (en) 2018-05-16
BR112016030457A2 (en) 2017-08-22
CA2953083C (en) 2020-06-30
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CA2953083A1 (en) 2015-12-30
PH12016502531A1 (en) 2017-04-10

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