EP3160651B1 - Electrostatic collector - Google Patents

Electrostatic collector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3160651B1
EP3160651B1 EP15731911.2A EP15731911A EP3160651B1 EP 3160651 B1 EP3160651 B1 EP 3160651B1 EP 15731911 A EP15731911 A EP 15731911A EP 3160651 B1 EP3160651 B1 EP 3160651B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
collection
discharge electrode
electrostatic collector
diameter
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EP15731911.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3160651A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Maxime Roux
Roland SARDA ESTEVE
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/28—Parts being easily removable for cleaning purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the electrostatic collection of particles in suspension in a gaseous medium, commonly called an electrostatic collector or an electrofilter.
  • Electrostatic collectors or electrofilters commonly designated by the acronym of Anglo-Saxon origin ESP (“Electrostatic Precipitator”), make it possible to collect particles in suspension in a gaseous medium, for example the ambient air. They thus make it possible to purify the gaseous medium and possibly to analyze the collected particles.
  • ESP Electrostatic Precipitator
  • An electrostatic collector comprises two electrodes arranged close to each other.
  • One of the two electrodes is commonly called the discharge electrode and the other electrode is commonly called the counter electrode or the collection electrode.
  • a high electric field is induced between the two electrodes under the effect of a potential difference applied between the two electrodes.
  • the electric field ionizes the volume of gas located between the two electrodes, creating a sheath or crown of ionized gas located around the discharge electrode. This phenomenon is called corona discharge.
  • the gas containing the particles to be separated which is passed between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode then passes through a flow of ions and the particles to be separated are in turn ionized. Under the effect of electrostatic forces, the charged particles thus created are attracted by the collection electrode on which they are collected.
  • the document FR 944 547 A describes electrodes for electrical precipitation used for the purification of gases and an arrangement, in the collector electrodes, of electrical conductors of which the part located towards the inlet of the gas is the only emitter of ions, the part located towards the outlet of the gas being not only non-emitting, but also of such a shape that it creates between it and the collector electrode, an electric field more intense than that created by the emitting part.
  • the present invention aims in particular to solve these problems.
  • the present invention relates to an electrostatic collector according to claim 1.
  • said sudden widening extends over a distance less than the second diameter.
  • the electrostatic collector further comprises a first biasing means, capable of carrying the discharge electrode to a first potential, and a second biasing means, capable of carrying the collection electrode to a second potential, the first potential being lower than the second potential.
  • the first potential is a ground potential.
  • the first diameter can be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
  • An advantage of a discharge electrode having such a sudden widening is linked to the fact that it makes it possible to obtain a more axisymmetric deposition of the particles on the collection electrode, compared to a discharge electrode of constant diameter over its entire length. length.
  • Such a discharge electrode makes it possible to avoid inhomogeneous accumulations of particles collected at the level of the collection electrode. This results in an increased collection efficiency of the electrostatic collector.
  • the widening of the discharge electrode is formed by a conductive ring surrounding the first thin part of the discharge electrode over part of its length, said tip-shaped end protruding of the ring.
  • the end of the ring closest to the tip-shaped end of the discharge electrode is rounded.
  • the ring may have an external diameter comprised between 1 mm and 5 mm and an internal diameter which allows the passage and maintenance of the first thin part of the discharge electrode.
  • the discharge electrode is a hollow electrical conductor element, for example a metallic capillary.
  • An advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it can be manufactured by a process that is simple to implement. It is enough to cut an electrically conductive tube to obtain a hollow discharge electrode. To obtain a tip, the end of the discharge electrode would have to be machined into a tip shape.
  • Another advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it makes it possible to obtain less intense electrical discharges than a tip of comparable dimensions.
  • the discharge electrode and the collection electrode are offset relative to each other along said first axis of the collection chamber, no portion of the discharge electrode not being at the same level as the collection electrode along said first axis.
  • An advantage of an electrostatic collector according to the invention is related to the fact that it makes it possible to facilitate the removal of the collection electrode from the electrostatic collector, for example with a view to analyzing the particles collected and/or cleaning the collection electrode.
  • the return means may be a spring.
  • the electrostatic collector further comprises a blocking piece, intended to press on the second end of the collection electrode and to compress the return means.
  • a blocking piece intended to press on the second end of the collection electrode and to compress the return means.
  • the second end of the collection electrode has a collar.
  • the first end of the collection electrode has a rounded internal edge. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of generating electric arcs between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode.
  • the internal wall of the collection electrode is a portion of a cone.
  • the collection chamber has a larger internal diameter upstream of the collection electrode than at the location of the collection electrode.
  • FIG 1 is a sectional view schematically representing an embodiment of an electrostatic collector not covered by the claims, but aspects of which, as described below, can be combined with the present invention. Furthermore, the operation of this electrostatic collector makes it possible to explain the operation of an electrostatic collector according to the invention.
  • the longitudinal axis of the wall 1 is oriented along the z axis.
  • the wall 1 is preferably made of an electrically insulating material.
  • the electrostatic collector is intended to be oriented so that the z axis corresponds to the vertical direction or to a direction inclined with respect to the vertical.
  • the wall 1 comprises an upstream end and a downstream end respectively delimiting an inlet 5 and an outlet 7 of the collection chamber.
  • upstream, downstream and inlet, “outlet” are considered in relation to the direction of the flow of the gas to be treated in the electrostatic collector, symbolized by arrows 9.
  • the gas to be treated flows from upstream to downstream, from input 5 to output 7 of the electrostatic collector.
  • the device comprises an inlet chamber (not shown), for the inlet of the gas to be treated, arranged upstream of the collection chamber 3.
  • the inlet chamber and the collection chamber are preferably coaxial.
  • the discharge electrode 10 is advantageously formed of an element hollow electrical conductor, for example a metallic capillary.
  • An advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it can be manufactured by a process that is simple to implement. It is enough to cut an electrically conductive tube to obtain a hollow discharge electrode. To obtain a tip, the end of the discharge electrode would have to be machined into a tip shape.
  • Another advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it makes it possible to obtain less intense electrical discharges than a tip of comparable dimensions.
  • the discharge electrode 10 is preferably arranged along the z axis of the collection chamber.
  • the support 13 for example a ring, the two ends 14, 16 of which are fixed to the wall 1, crosses the collection chamber transversely.
  • the longitudinal axis of the support 13 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along which the tubular wall 1 extends (axis z).
  • the support 13 is preferably made of an insulating material.
  • the support 13 comprises a through opening, for example cylindrical, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the z axis, configured to receive the discharge electrode 10.
  • the longitudinal axis of the discharge electrode 10 is oriented along the z axis.
  • the discharge electrode 10 is in contact with a biasing means 17, comprising at least one electrically conductive part, which makes it possible to connect it electrically to a voltage generator 19.
  • collection electrode 20 is placed in an opening formed in the wall 1 of the collection chamber.
  • Collecting electrode 20 and wall 1 are coaxial.
  • the collection electrode 20 is intended to form the particle collection surface.
  • the internal diameter of the collection electrode 20 is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the wall 1 to reduce the discontinuities in the diameter of the collection chamber on the gas flow path.
  • the collection electrode 20 is in contact with a biasing means 21, comprising at least one electrically conductive part, which makes it possible to connect it electrically to the voltage generator 19.
  • the support 13 is for example arranged in the collection chamber so that the discharge electrode 10 is located upstream of the collection electrode 20, as shown in figure 1 .
  • the end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 closest to the collection electrode 20 corresponds to its downstream end.
  • the end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 closest to the discharge electrode 10 corresponds to its upstream end and the end 20-2 of the collection electrode 20 furthest from the discharge electrode discharge 10 corresponds to its downstream end.
  • the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20 are offset relative to each other along the z axis of the collection chamber, no portion of the discharge electrode 10 being located at the same level as the collection electrode 20 along the z axis.
  • the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 are separated by a certain distance (or offset) along the z axis, the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 being located upstream of the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20.
  • the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10, the closest to the collection electrode 20, is free. This end is pointed, which allows the formation of corona discharges between the discharge electrode (which has the smallest radius of curvature) and the collection electrode (which has the largest radius of curvature) .
  • the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 has for example a radius of curvature less than approximately 1 mm, hence the term “point-shaped”.
  • the distance between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 is greater than or equal to the internal radius of the collection chamber. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of an electric arc forming between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode.
  • the distance between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode is less than three to four times the internal radius of the collection chamber. This makes it possible to optimize the collection efficiency.
  • the free downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode, site of the discharge is offset from the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 by a distance, along the axis z , between the internal radius of the collection electrode and the internal diameter of the collection electrode, for example with a tolerance of 1 mm, the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 being located upstream from the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20.
  • the offset between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 according to the the z axis is for example between about 5 mm (for example at +/- 1 mm) and about 10 mm (for example at +/- 1 mm), for example of the order of 7 mm.
  • the internal diameter of the collection chamber is less than approximately 30 mm.
  • the discharge electrode 10 has a widening upstream of its downstream end 10-1.
  • the discharge electrode 10 widens from a first diameter to a second diameter corresponding for example to about 2 to 6 times the first diameter. This widening is abrupt, that is to say it extends over a distance less than the second diameter.
  • the first part and the second part of the discharge electrode 10 are arranged along the same axis, preferably the z axis of the collection chamber.
  • the downstream end 10-1 in the form of a point of the discharge electrode 10, in the extension of the first part, is free.
  • An advantage of such a discharge electrode is linked to the fact that it makes it possible to obtain a more axisymmetric deposition of the particles on the collection electrode, compared with a discharge electrode of constant diameter over its entire length.
  • Such a discharge electrode makes it possible to avoid inhomogeneous accumulations of particles collected at the level of the collection electrode, such accumulations being able to degrade the operation of the device by reducing in particular the collection efficiency.
  • the use of such a discharge electrode makes it possible to reduce the variations in amplitude of the corona discharges. This results in a reduction of the variations in the collection efficiency of the electrostatic collector as it is used.
  • the first diameter may be between 0.5 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm.
  • the discharge electrode 10 widens for example at a distance greater than or equal to 1 mm from its downstream end 10-1, for example at a distance of the order of 5 mm from its downstream end 10-1.
  • the enlargement of the discharge electrode 10 can be formed by a conductive ring surrounding the fine part of the discharge electrode over part of its length.
  • the downstream end at least of the thin part of the discharge electrode protrudes from the ring.
  • the discharge electrode 10 comprises a cylindrical ring disposed at a distance of the order of 1 to 10 mm from the downstream end 10-1, this ring extending along the same axis as the discharge electrode.
  • the internal diameter of the ring corresponds to the first diameter
  • its external diameter corresponds to the second diameter.
  • the ring may have an external diameter of between 1 mm and 5 mm and an internal diameter which allows the thin part of the discharge electrode 10 to pass through and be held in place.
  • the discharge electrode 10 can protrude from the ring over a distance of between 1 mm and 10 mm downstream of the ring.
  • the part of the discharge electrode between the widening 11 and the downstream end 10-1 corresponds to the thin part of the electrode. Its diameter is less than about 2 mm, preferably less than about 1 mm.
  • the thin part of the discharge electrode 10 is for example formed of a hollow electrical conductor element, for example a metal capillary.
  • the metal capillary has for example an external diameter of the order of 0.5 mm and an internal diameter of the order of 0.25 mm.
  • the fine part of the discharge electrode 10 is formed of a solid electrical conductive element.
  • the figure 2 is a sectional view schematically representing an example of such a discharge electrode that can be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 1 .
  • This discharge electrode is formed by a metal capillary 10a surrounded over part of its length by a metal ring 10b.
  • the capillary 10a and the ring 10b are for example connected together by a solder.
  • the end 10c of the ring 10b, through which emerges and protrudes the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10, intended to be closest to the collection electrode, is rounded. This avoids any peak effect. This rounding can be formed by a weld.
  • the discharge electrode 10 is formed of a metal capillary 10a with an external diameter of the order of 0.5 mm and an internal diameter of the order of 0.25 mm, surrounded on one part its length by a metal ring 10b with an outer diameter of around 2 mm and an inner diameter of around 0.5 mm.
  • the capillary 10a emerges from the ring 10b for example at about 5 mm from the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10.
  • the discharge electrode 10 can be formed in one piece, machined so as to have a thin end, that is to say with a diameter less than about 2 mm, preferably less than about 1 mm. , and an enlargement as previously described.
  • the thin part 10a of the discharge electrode is preferably made of a metallic material, for example steel or stainless steel or copper or silver.
  • the conductive ring 10b is preferably made of a metallic material, for example steel or stainless steel or copper or silver.
  • the collection electrode 20 preferably has no protuberance or any asperity or any sharp angle facing the discharge electrode.
  • the collection electrode 20 has a smooth surface to the touch, that is to say the surface of the collection electrode has a roughness parameter Ra of less than approximately 0.7 ⁇ m, preferably less than approximately 0, 4 ⁇ m.
  • the collection electrode 20 has a perfectly polished surface, ie the surface of the collection electrode has a roughness parameter Ra of less than about 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the collection electrode 20 is made of a metallic material, for example aluminum.
  • the collection electrode 20 is made of a conductive material other than a metallic material, for example stainless steel or at least one conductive polymer.
  • the Figure 3A is a sectional view schematically representing an example of a collection electrode that can be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 1 .
  • the Figure 3B is a photograph corresponding to the Figure 3A .
  • the collection electrode 20 comprises a main portion 20b of cylindrical shape.
  • the reference 20-3 designates the internal wall of the collection electrode 20, intended to form the particle collection surface, and the reference 20-4 denotes the external wall of the collection electrode 20.
  • the outer wall 20-4 and the inner wall 20-3 of the collection electrode 20 are cylindrical.
  • the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20, intended to be closest to the discharge electrode 10, has a rounded internal edge 20a.
  • the collection electrode 20 does not have a sharp angle opposite the discharge electrode 10. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of generating arcs electrical between the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20.
  • the downstream end 20-2 of the collection electrode 20, intended to be furthest from the discharge electrode 10, comprises an outer rim 20c in the form of a flange.
  • the figure 4 is a sectional view schematically representing a variant of the collection electrode of the Figure 3A .
  • the common elements with those of the Figure 3A are designated by the same references.
  • the internal diameter of the collection electrode is not constant.
  • the internal wall 20-3 of the collection electrode 20 widens from the upstream end 20-1 towards the downstream end 20-2, and the external wall 20-4 is cylindrical.
  • the internal wall 20-3 of the collection electrode 20 corresponds for example to a portion of a cone.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ of the internal wall 20-3 with respect to the axis of revolution of the collection electrode 20 is for example between about 1° and about 10°.
  • FIG 5 is a sectional view schematically representing another embodiment of an electrostatic collector.
  • the common elements with those of the figure 1 are designated by the same references and are not described again below.
  • the collection electrode 20 is removable, capable of being inserted into the electrostatic collector and of being removed therefrom manually. It can then be inserted into an analysis device and/or into a cleaning device outside the electrostatic collector.
  • An opening 42 formed in the wall 1 of the collection chamber, is configured to receive the collection electrode 20 and a biasing means 40, for example a spring, positioned in the opening 42 between the collection electrode 20 and the wall 1.
  • the internal diameter of the collection electrode 20 corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the wall 1.
  • the opening 42 is made so that no part of the biasing means 40 is closer to the discharge electrode 10 than the collection electrode 20.
  • the downstream end 20-2 of the removable collection electrode 20 includes a collar 20c forming a support surface for the return means 40.
  • a blocking piece 44 is intended to be positioned against the collar 20c in order to block it resting against the return means 40.
  • the return means 40 is preferably made of an electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel. In this case, the return means 40 is intended to be electrically connected to the biasing means 21 in order to bias the collection electrode 20.
  • the blocking part 44 is positioned against the collar 20c of the collecting electrode 20.
  • the blocking part 44 blocks the collar 20c in abutment against the return means 40, which compresses the latter.
  • the return means 40 rests both on the wall 1 of the collection chamber and on the collection electrode 20.
  • the blocking piece 44 is removed.
  • the biasing means 40 then pushes the collection electrode 20 out of the opening 42, which facilitates the removal of the collection electrode from the electrostatic collector.
  • An advantage of an electrostatic collector of the type described in connection with the figure 5 is linked to the fact that it facilitates the removal of the collection electrode from the electrostatic collector, for example with a view to analyzing the collected particles and/or cleaning the collection electrode.
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view schematically representing an alternative embodiment of the electrostatic collector of the figure 5 .
  • the common elements with those of the figure 5 are designated by the same references and are not described again below.
  • the collection chamber 3 has a larger internal diameter upstream of the collection electrode 20 than at the location of the collection electrode. This results in a reduction in the pressure drop of the device.
  • the reduction factor in the diameter of the collection chamber 3 from upstream to downstream is for example of the order of 30 to 50%.
  • the diameter restriction is preferably formed near the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10, upstream of the downstream end 10-1, for example at a distance corresponding substantially to the internal diameter of the collection electrode.
  • the wall 1 of the collection chamber has an internal diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the collection electrode 20.
  • a discharge electrode of the type illustrated in figure 2 can of course be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 5 and 6 .
  • a collection electrode of the type illustrated in figure 4 can be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 5 and 6 .
  • the voltage generator is capable of imposing an electrical potential difference between the collection electrode and the discharge electrode of between approximately 1 kV and approximately 15 kV, preferably between approximately 6 kV and approximately 10 kV.
  • the discharge electrode and the collection electrode are polarized so that the electric potential of the discharge electrode is lower than the electric potential of the collection electrode.
  • the electrical discharge is then said to be negative.
  • the discharge electrode 10 is grounded and the potential of the collection electrode 20 is positive.
  • the inventors have carried out collection efficiency measurements as a function of the particle diameter. These measurements enabled them to observe that, whatever whatever the diameter of the particles considered, the collection efficiency is optimized for a negative discharge and for a discharge electrode connected to ground.
  • the inventors caused ambient air containing natural dust to pass through the collection chamber 3.
  • the treated air was taken from a bypass arranged in downstream of the collection electrode 20.
  • a Dust Monitor v1.109 type optical particle counter from Grimm was then used to analyze the sampled air. This made it possible to determine the concentration of particles in the air sampled according to their diameter and to deduce the collection efficiency according to the diameter of the particles.
  • the measurements were carried out with a collection chamber with an internal diameter of the order of 10 mm, and for a distance of approximately 6 mm between the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20.
  • the figure 7 represents results of measurement of the collection efficiency as a function of the diameter of the particles, for different polarizations of the discharge electrode and of the collection electrode and for an air flow of 5 liters per minute.
  • Curves 61 and 62 correspond to a positive discharge, the potential of the discharge electrode being respectively 9 kV and 9.9 kV, the collection electrode being connected to ground.
  • Curves 63 and 64 correspond to a negative discharge, the potential of the collection electrode being respectively 9 kV and 9.9 kV, the discharge electrode being connected to ground.
  • the figures 8A and 8B represent results of measurement of the collection efficiency as a function of the diameter of the particles in the case of a negative discharge, respectively when the discharge electrode is connected to ground and when the collection electrode is connected to ground. The measurements were carried out for a negative discharge of 9.9 kV.
  • Curves 71 and 81 correspond respectively to the case where the discharge electrode is connected to ground and to the case where the collection electrode is connected to mass.
  • the curves 73 and 83 correspond respectively to the case where the discharge electrode is connected to the ground and to the case where the collection electrode is connected to the ground (case where the mass is connected to the ground).

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de collecte électrostatique de particules en suspension dans un milieu gazeux, couramment appelé collecteur électrostatique ou électrofiltre.The present invention relates to a device for the electrostatic collection of particles in suspension in a gaseous medium, commonly called an electrostatic collector or an electrofilter.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEUREPRIOR ART

La détection et l'analyse des particules présentes dans l'air ambiant constituent une préoccupation actuelle majeure, que ce soit pour la surveillance de la qualité de l'air, pour protéger les populations d'agents pathogènes aéroportés (légionnelles, grippe, etc.) ou pour des enjeux de sécurité (détection d'attaques biologiques).The detection and analysis of particles present in ambient air is a major current concern, whether for monitoring air quality, to protect populations from airborne pathogens (legionella, influenza, etc.). ) or for security issues (detection of biological attacks).

Des collecteurs électrostatiques ou électrofiltres, couramment désignés par l'acronyme d'origine anglo-saxonne ESP (« Electrostatic Precipitator »), permettent de collecter des particules en suspension dans un milieu gazeux, par exemple l'air ambiant. Ils permettent ainsi de purifier le milieu gazeux et éventuellement d'analyser les particules collectées.Electrostatic collectors or electrofilters, commonly designated by the acronym of Anglo-Saxon origin ESP (“Electrostatic Precipitator”), make it possible to collect particles in suspension in a gaseous medium, for example the ambient air. They thus make it possible to purify the gaseous medium and possibly to analyze the collected particles.

Un collecteur électrostatique comprend deux électrodes disposées à proximité l'une de l'autre. Une des deux électrodes est couramment appelée électrode de décharge et l'autre électrode est couramment appelée contre-électrode ou électrode de collecte. Un champ électrique élevé est induit entre les deux électrodes sous l'effet d'une différence de potentiel appliquée entre les deux électrodes. Le champ électrique ionise le volume de gaz situé entre les deux électrodes, créant une gaine ou couronne de gaz ionisé située autour de l'électrode de décharge. Ce phénomène est appelé décharge couronne. Le gaz contenant les particules à séparer que l'on fait transiter entre l'électrode de décharge et l'électrode de collecte traverse alors un flux d'ions et les particules à séparer sont ionisées à leur tour. Sous l'effet des forces électrostatiques, les particules chargées ainsi créées sont attirées par l'électrode de collecte sur laquelle elles sont collectées.An electrostatic collector comprises two electrodes arranged close to each other. One of the two electrodes is commonly called the discharge electrode and the other electrode is commonly called the counter electrode or the collection electrode. A high electric field is induced between the two electrodes under the effect of a potential difference applied between the two electrodes. The electric field ionizes the volume of gas located between the two electrodes, creating a sheath or crown of ionized gas located around the discharge electrode. This phenomenon is called corona discharge. The gas containing the particles to be separated which is passed between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode then passes through a flow of ions and the particles to be separated are in turn ionized. Under the effect of electrostatic forces, the charged particles thus created are attracted by the collection electrode on which they are collected.

Le document FR 944 547 A décrit des électrodes pour précipitation électrique utilisées pour la purification des gaz et une disposition, dans les électrodes collectrices, de conducteurs électriques dont la partie se trouvant vers l'entrée du gaz est seule émettrice d'ions, la partie se trouvant vers la sortie du gaz étant non seulement non émettrice, mais encore de forme telle qu'elle crée entre elle et l'électrode collectrice, un champ électrique plus intense que celui que crée la partie émettrice.The document FR 944 547 A describes electrodes for electrical precipitation used for the purification of gases and an arrangement, in the collector electrodes, of electrical conductors of which the part located towards the inlet of the gas is the only emitter of ions, the part located towards the outlet of the gas being not only non-emitting, but also of such a shape that it creates between it and the collector electrode, an electric field more intense than that created by the emitting part.

Il se pose le problème d'optimiser la décharge électrique générée entre l'électrode de décharge et l'électrode de collecte afin de maximiser le rendement de collecte.The problem arises of optimizing the electric discharge generated between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode in order to maximize the collection efficiency.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention vise notamment à résoudre ces problèmes.The present invention aims in particular to solve these problems.

La présente invention concerne un collecteur électrostatique selon la revendication 1.The present invention relates to an electrostatic collector according to claim 1.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, ledit élargissement brusque s'étend sur une distance inférieure au second diamètre.According to an embodiment of the present invention, said sudden widening extends over a distance less than the second diameter.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le collecteur électrostatique comprend en outre un premier moyen de polarisation, apte à porter l'électrode de décharge à un premier potentiel, et un deuxième moyen de polarisation, apte à porter l'électrode de collecte à un deuxième potentiel, le premier potentiel étant inférieur au deuxième potentiel. De préférence, le premier potentiel est un potentiel de masse.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrostatic collector further comprises a first biasing means, capable of carrying the discharge electrode to a first potential, and a second biasing means, capable of carrying the collection electrode to a second potential, the first potential being lower than the second potential. Preferably, the first potential is a ground potential.

Le premier diamètre peut être compris entre 0,5 mm et 2 mm.The first diameter can be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

Un avantage d'une électrode de décharge présentant un tel élargissement brusque est lié au fait qu'elle permet d'obtenir un dépôt plus axisymétrique des particules sur l'électrode de collecte, par rapport à une électrode de décharge de diamètre constant sur toute sa longueur. Une telle électrode de décharge permet d'éviter des accumulations inhomogènes de particules collectées au niveau de l'électrode de collecte. Il en résulte un rendement de collecte accru du collecteur électrostatique.An advantage of a discharge electrode having such a sudden widening is linked to the fact that it makes it possible to obtain a more axisymmetric deposition of the particles on the collection electrode, compared to a discharge electrode of constant diameter over its entire length. length. Such a discharge electrode makes it possible to avoid inhomogeneous accumulations of particles collected at the level of the collection electrode. This results in an increased collection efficiency of the electrostatic collector.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, l'élargissement de l'électrode de décharge est formé par un anneau conducteur entourant la première partie fine de l'électrode de décharge sur une partie de sa longueur, ladite extrémité en forme de pointe dépassant de l'anneau.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the widening of the discharge electrode is formed by a conductive ring surrounding the first thin part of the discharge electrode over part of its length, said tip-shaped end protruding of the ring.

Avantageusement, l'extrémité de l'anneau la plus proche de l'extrémité en forme de pointe de l'électrode de décharge est arrondie.Advantageously, the end of the ring closest to the tip-shaped end of the discharge electrode is rounded.

L'anneau peut présenter un diamètre externe compris entre 1 mm et 5 mm et un diamètre interne qui permette le passage et le maintien de la première partie fine de l'électrode de décharge.The ring may have an external diameter comprised between 1 mm and 5 mm and an internal diameter which allows the passage and maintenance of the first thin part of the discharge electrode.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, l'électrode de décharge est un élément conducteur électrique creux, par exemple un capillaire métallique. Un avantage d'une électrode de décharge creuse réside dans le fait qu'elle peut être fabriquée par un procédé simple à mettre en œuvre. Il suffit de couper un tube conducteur électrique pour obtenir une électrode de décharge creuse. Pour obtenir une pointe, il faudrait usiner l'extrémité de l'électrode de décharge en forme de pointe. Un autre avantage d'une électrode de décharge creuse réside dans le fait qu'elle permet d'obtenir des décharges électriques moins intenses qu'une pointe de dimensions comparables.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the discharge electrode is a hollow electrical conductor element, for example a metallic capillary. An advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it can be manufactured by a process that is simple to implement. It is enough to cut an electrically conductive tube to obtain a hollow discharge electrode. To obtain a tip, the end of the discharge electrode would have to be machined into a tip shape. Another advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it makes it possible to obtain less intense electrical discharges than a tip of comparable dimensions.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, l'électrode de décharge et l'électrode de collecte sont décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre selon ledit premier axe de la chambre de collecte, aucune portion de l'électrode de décharge ne se trouvant au même niveau que l'électrode de collecte selon ledit premier axe.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the discharge electrode and the collection electrode are offset relative to each other along said first axis of the collection chamber, no portion of the discharge electrode not being at the same level as the collection electrode along said first axis.

Un avantage d'un collecteur électrostatique selon l'invention est lié au fait qu'il permet de faciliter le retrait de l'électrode de collecte du collecteur électrostatique, par exemple en vue de l'analyse des particules collectées et/ou du nettoyage de l'électrode de collecte.An advantage of an electrostatic collector according to the invention is related to the fact that it makes it possible to facilitate the removal of the collection electrode from the electrostatic collector, for example with a view to analyzing the particles collected and/or cleaning the collection electrode.

Le moyen de rappel peut être un ressort.The return means may be a spring.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le collecteur électrostatique comprend en outre une pièce de blocage, destinée à appuyer sur la seconde extrémité de l'électrode de collecte et à comprimer le moyen de rappel. De préférence, la seconde extrémité de l'électrode de collecte comporte une collerette.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrostatic collector further comprises a blocking piece, intended to press on the second end of the collection electrode and to compress the return means. Preferably, the second end of the collection electrode has a collar.

Avantageusement, la première extrémité de l'électrode de collecte présente un rebord interne arrondi. Ceci permet de réduire le risque de générer des arcs électriques entre l'électrode de décharge et l'électrode de collecte.Advantageously, the first end of the collection electrode has a rounded internal edge. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of generating electric arcs between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, la paroi interne de l'électrode de collecte est une portion de cône.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the internal wall of the collection electrode is a portion of a cone.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, la chambre de collecte présente un diamètre interne plus élevé en amont de l'électrode de collecte qu'à l'emplacement de l'électrode de collecte.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the collection chamber has a larger internal diameter upstream of the collection electrode than at the location of the collection electrode.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante et en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre uniquement illustratif et nullement limitatifs.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un exemple de réalisation d'un collecteur électrostatique non couvert par les revendications.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un exemple d'électrode de décharge.
  • La figure 3A est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un exemple d'électrode de collecte. La figure 3B est une photographie correspondant à la figure 3A.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique une variante de l'électrode de collecte de la figure 3A.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un exemple de réalisation d'un collecteur électrostatique selon l'invention.
  • La figure 6 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique une variante de réalisation du collecteur électrostatique de la figure 5.
  • La figure 7 représente des résultats de mesure du rendement de collecte en fonction du diamètre des particules, pour différentes polarisations de l'électrode de décharge et de l'électrode de collecte.
  • Les figures 8A et 8B représentent des résultats de mesure du rendement de collecte en fonction du diamètre des particules dans le cas d'une décharge négative, respectivement lorsque l'électrode de décharge est reliée à la masse et lorsque l'électrode de collecte est reliée à la masse.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description and with reference to the appended drawings, given solely by way of illustration and in no way limiting.
  • The figure 1 is a sectional view schematically representing an embodiment of an electrostatic collector not covered by the claims.
  • The figure 2 is a sectional view schematically showing an example of a discharge electrode.
  • The Figure 3A is a sectional view schematically representing an example of a collection electrode. The Figure 3B is a photograph corresponding to the Figure 3A .
  • The figure 4 is a sectional view schematically representing a variant of the collection electrode of the Figure 3A .
  • The figure 5 is a sectional view schematically representing an embodiment of an electrostatic collector according to the invention.
  • The figure 6 is a sectional view schematically representing an alternative embodiment of the electrostatic collector of the figure 5 .
  • The figure 7 represents results of measurement of the collection efficiency as a function of the diameter of the particles, for different polarizations of the discharge electrode and of the collection electrode.
  • The figures 8A and 8B represent results of measurement of the collection efficiency as a function of the diameter of the particles in the case of a negative discharge, respectively when the discharge electrode is connected to ground and when the collection electrode is connected to ground.

Des parties identiques, similaires ou équivalentes des différentes figures portent les mêmes références numériques de façon à faciliter le passage d'une figure à l'autre.Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the various figures bear the same reference numerals so as to facilitate passage from one figure to another.

Les différentes parties représentées sur les figures ne le sont pas nécessairement selon une échelle uniforme, pour rendre les figures plus lisibles.The different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily shown on a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED DISCUSSION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un mode de réalisation d'un collecteur électrostatique non couvert par les revendications, mais dont des aspects, tels que décrits ci-dessous, peuvent être combinés avec la présente invention. En outre, le fonctionnement de ce collecteur électrostatique permet d'expliquer le fonctionnement d'un collecteur électrostatique selon l'invention.The figure 1 is a sectional view schematically representing an embodiment of an electrostatic collector not covered by the claims, but aspects of which, as described below, can be combined with the present invention. Furthermore, the operation of this electrostatic collector makes it possible to explain the operation of an electrostatic collector according to the invention.

Une paroi tubulaire 1, par exemple un cylindre de révolution, délimite une chambre de collecte 3. L'axe longitudinal de la paroi 1 est orienté selon l'axe z. La paroi 1 est de préférence en un matériau isolant électrique.A tubular wall 1, for example a cylinder of revolution, delimits a collection chamber 3. The longitudinal axis of the wall 1 is oriented along the z axis. The wall 1 is preferably made of an electrically insulating material.

En fonctionnement, le collecteur électrostatique est destiné à être orienté de sorte que l'axe z corresponde à la direction verticale ou à une direction inclinée par rapport à la verticale. La paroi 1 comprend une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval délimitant respectivement une entrée 5 et une sortie 7 de la chambre de collecte. Les termes « amont », « aval » et « entrée », « sortie » sont considérés par rapport au sens de l'écoulement du gaz à traiter dans le collecteur électrostatique, symbolisé par des flèches 9. Le gaz à traiter s'écoule de l'amont vers l'aval, de l'entrée 5 vers la sortie 7 du collecteur électrostatique.In operation, the electrostatic collector is intended to be oriented so that the z axis corresponds to the vertical direction or to a direction inclined with respect to the vertical. The wall 1 comprises an upstream end and a downstream end respectively delimiting an inlet 5 and an outlet 7 of the collection chamber. The terms "upstream", "downstream" and "inlet", "outlet" are considered in relation to the direction of the flow of the gas to be treated in the electrostatic collector, symbolized by arrows 9. The gas to be treated flows from upstream to downstream, from input 5 to output 7 of the electrostatic collector.

Le dispositif comporte une chambre d'admission (non représentée), pour l'admission du gaz à traiter, disposée en amont de la chambre de collecte 3. La chambre d'admission et la chambre de collecte sont préférentiellement coaxiales.The device comprises an inlet chamber (not shown), for the inlet of the gas to be treated, arranged upstream of the collection chamber 3. The inlet chamber and the collection chamber are preferably coaxial.

Une électrode de décharge 10, de forme allongée, comportant au moins un matériau conducteur électrique, est maintenue dans la chambre de collecte 3 par un support 13. D'une manière générale, l'électrode de décharge 10 est avantageusement formée d'un élément conducteur électrique creux, par exemple un capillaire métallique.A discharge electrode 10, of elongated shape, comprising at least one electrically conductive material, is held in the collection chamber 3 by a support 13. In general, the discharge electrode 10 is advantageously formed of an element hollow electrical conductor, for example a metallic capillary.

Un avantage d'une électrode de décharge creuse réside dans le fait qu'elle peut être fabriquée par un procédé simple à mettre en œuvre. Il suffit de couper un tube conducteur électrique pour obtenir une électrode de décharge creuse. Pour obtenir une pointe, il faudrait usiner l'extrémité de l'électrode de décharge en forme de pointe. Un autre avantage d'une électrode de décharge creuse réside dans le fait qu'elle permet d'obtenir des décharges électriques moins intenses qu'une pointe de dimensions comparables.An advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it can be manufactured by a process that is simple to implement. It is enough to cut an electrically conductive tube to obtain a hollow discharge electrode. To obtain a tip, the end of the discharge electrode would have to be machined into a tip shape. Another advantage of a hollow discharge electrode lies in the fact that it makes it possible to obtain less intense electrical discharges than a tip of comparable dimensions.

L'électrode de décharge 10 est de préférence disposée selon l'axe z de la chambre de collecte.The discharge electrode 10 is preferably arranged along the z axis of the collection chamber.

Le support 13, par exemple un anneau, dont les deux extrémités 14, 16 sont fixées à la paroi 1, traverse transversalement la chambre de collecte. L'axe longitudinal du support 13 est orienté perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal selon lequel s'étend la paroi tubulaire 1 (axe z). Le support 13 est de préférence en un matériau isolant. Le support 13 comprend une ouverture traversante, par exemple cylindrique, dont l'axe longitudinal est parallèle à l'axe z, configurée pour recevoir l'électrode de décharge 10. L'axe longitudinal de l'électrode de décharge 10 est orienté selon l'axe z.The support 13, for example a ring, the two ends 14, 16 of which are fixed to the wall 1, crosses the collection chamber transversely. The longitudinal axis of the support 13 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along which the tubular wall 1 extends (axis z). The support 13 is preferably made of an insulating material. The support 13 comprises a through opening, for example cylindrical, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the z axis, configured to receive the discharge electrode 10. The longitudinal axis of the discharge electrode 10 is oriented along the z axis.

L'électrode de décharge 10 est en contact avec un moyen de polarisation 17, comportant au moins une partie électriquement conductrice, qui permet de la relier électriquement à un générateur de tension 19.The discharge electrode 10 is in contact with a biasing means 17, comprising at least one electrically conductive part, which makes it possible to connect it electrically to a voltage generator 19.

Une électrode de collecte 20, de forme tubulaire, par exemple de forme cylindrique, comportant au moins un matériau conducteur électrique, est disposée à l'intérieur de la chambre de collecte 3, en contact avec la surface interne de la paroi 1. L'électrode de collecte 20 est disposée dans une ouverture formée dans la paroi 1 de la chambre de collecte. L'électrode de collecte 20 et la paroi 1 sont coaxiales. L'électrode de collecte 20 est destinée à former la surface de collecte des particules. De manière avantageuse, le diamètre interne de l'électrode de collecte 20 est sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de la paroi 1 pour réduire les discontinuités de diamètre de la chambre de collecte sur le trajet de l'écoulement du gaz.A collection electrode 20, of tubular shape, for example of cylindrical shape, comprising at least one electrically conductive material, is arranged inside the collection chamber 3, in contact with the internal surface of the wall 1. collection electrode 20 is placed in an opening formed in the wall 1 of the collection chamber. Collecting electrode 20 and wall 1 are coaxial. The collection electrode 20 is intended to form the particle collection surface. Advantageously, the internal diameter of the collection electrode 20 is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the wall 1 to reduce the discontinuities in the diameter of the collection chamber on the gas flow path.

L'électrode de collecte 20 est en contact avec un moyen de polarisation 21, comportant au moins une partie électriquement conductrice, qui permet de la relier électriquement au générateur de tension 19.The collection electrode 20 is in contact with a biasing means 21, comprising at least one electrically conductive part, which makes it possible to connect it electrically to the voltage generator 19.

Le support 13 est par exemple disposé dans la chambre de collecte de sorte que l'électrode de décharge 10 soit située en amont de l'électrode de collecte 20, comme cela est représenté en figure 1. Dans ce cas, l'extrémité 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 la plus proche de l'électrode de collecte 20 correspond à son extrémité aval. L'extrémité 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20 la plus proche de l'électrode de décharge 10 correspond à son extrémité amont et l'extrémité 20-2 de l'électrode de collecte 20 la plus éloignée de l'électrode de décharge 10 correspond à son extrémité aval. De préférence, l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'électrode de collecte 20 sont décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre selon l'axe z de la chambre de collecte, aucune portion de l'électrode de décharge 10 ne se trouvant au même niveau que l'électrode de collecte 20 selon l'axe z. L'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20 sont séparées d'une certaine distance (ou décalage) selon l'axe z, l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 étant située en amont de l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20.The support 13 is for example arranged in the collection chamber so that the discharge electrode 10 is located upstream of the collection electrode 20, as shown in figure 1 . In this case, the end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 closest to the collection electrode 20 corresponds to its downstream end. The end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 closest to the discharge electrode 10 corresponds to its upstream end and the end 20-2 of the collection electrode 20 furthest from the discharge electrode discharge 10 corresponds to its downstream end. Preferably, the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20 are offset relative to each other along the z axis of the collection chamber, no portion of the discharge electrode 10 being located at the same level as the collection electrode 20 along the z axis. The downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 are separated by a certain distance (or offset) along the z axis, the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 being located upstream of the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20.

L'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10, la plus proche de l'électrode de collecte 20, est libre. Cette extrémité est en forme de pointe, ce qui permet la formation de décharges couronne entre l'électrode de décharge (qui présente le rayon de courbure le plus faible) et l'électrode de collecte (qui présente le rayon de courbure le plus élevé). L'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 présente par exemple un rayon de courbure inférieur à environ 1 mm, d'où le terme « en forme de pointe ».The downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10, the closest to the collection electrode 20, is free. This end is pointed, which allows the formation of corona discharges between the discharge electrode (which has the smallest radius of curvature) and the collection electrode (which has the largest radius of curvature) . The downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 has for example a radius of curvature less than approximately 1 mm, hence the term “point-shaped”.

De préférence, la distance entre l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20 est supérieure ou égale au rayon interne de la chambre de collecte. Ceci permet de réduire le risque de formation d'un arc électrique entre l'électrode de décharge et l'électrode de collecte.Preferably, the distance between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 is greater than or equal to the internal radius of the collection chamber. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of an electric arc forming between the discharge electrode and the collection electrode.

Avantageusement, la distance entre l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge et l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte est inférieure à trois à quatre fois le rayon interne de la chambre de collecte. Ceci permet d'optimiser le rendement de collecte.Advantageously, the distance between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode is less than three to four times the internal radius of the collection chamber. This makes it possible to optimize the collection efficiency.

De préférence, l'extrémité aval 10-1 libre de l'électrode de décharge, lieu de la décharge, est décalée de l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20 d'une distance, selon l'axe z, comprise entre le rayon interne de l'électrode de collecte et le diamètre interne de l'électrode de collecte, par exemple avec une tolérance de 1 mm, l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 étant située en amont de l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20.Preferably, the free downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode, site of the discharge, is offset from the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 by a distance, along the axis z , between the internal radius of the collection electrode and the internal diameter of the collection electrode, for example with a tolerance of 1 mm, the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 being located upstream from the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20.

Pour une électrode de collecte de diamètre interne de l'ordre de 10 mm, le décalage entre l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20 selon l'axe z est par exemple compris entre environ 5 mm (par exemple à +/- 1 mm) et environ 10 mm (par exemple à +/- 1 mm), par exemple de l'ordre de 7 mm.For a collection electrode with an internal diameter of the order of 10 mm, the offset between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20 according to the the z axis is for example between about 5 mm (for example at +/- 1 mm) and about 10 mm (for example at +/- 1 mm), for example of the order of 7 mm.

Avantageusement, le diamètre interne de la chambre de collecte est inférieur à environ 30 mm.Advantageously, the internal diameter of the collection chamber is less than approximately 30 mm.

Electrode de déchargedischarge electrode

Avantageusement, l'électrode de décharge 10 présente un élargissement en amont de son extrémité aval 10-1.Advantageously, the discharge electrode 10 has a widening upstream of its downstream end 10-1.

L'électrode de décharge 10 s'élargit d'un premier diamètre jusqu'à un second diamètre correspondant par exemple à environ 2 à 6 fois le premier diamètre. Cet élargissement est brusque, c'est-à-dire qu'il s'étend sur une distance inférieure au second diamètre.The discharge electrode 10 widens from a first diameter to a second diameter corresponding for example to about 2 to 6 times the first diameter. This widening is abrupt, that is to say it extends over a distance less than the second diameter.

Ainsi, l'électrode de décharge 10 comprend :

  • une extrémité aval 10-1 en forme de pointe, disposée en regard de l'électrode de collecte 20 ;
  • une première partie présentant un premier diamètre, dite partie fine, débouchant sur ladite extrémité aval 10-1 ;
  • une deuxième partie présentant un second diamètre, adjacente à la première partie, le second diamètre étant supérieur ou égal à deux fois le premier diamètre, le second diamètre étant de préférence compris entre 2 et 6 fois le premier diamètre ; et
  • un élargissement 11 s'étendant entre la première partie et la deuxième partie, sur une distance inférieure au second diamètre.
Thus, the discharge electrode 10 comprises:
  • a downstream end 10-1 in the form of a point, placed opposite the collection electrode 20;
  • a first part having a first diameter, called the thin part, opening onto the said downstream end 10-1;
  • a second part having a second diameter, adjacent to the first part, the second diameter being greater than or equal to twice the first diameter, the second diameter preferably being between 2 and 6 times the first diameter; and
  • an enlargement 11 extending between the first part and the second part, over a distance less than the second diameter.

La première partie et la deuxième partie de l'électrode de décharge 10 sont disposées suivant le même axe, de préférence l'axe z de la chambre de collecte. L'extrémité aval 10-1 en forme de pointe de l'électrode de décharge 10, dans le prolongement de la première partie, est libre.The first part and the second part of the discharge electrode 10 are arranged along the same axis, preferably the z axis of the collection chamber. The downstream end 10-1 in the form of a point of the discharge electrode 10, in the extension of the first part, is free.

Un avantage d'une telle électrode de décharge est lié au fait qu'elle permet d'obtenir un dépôt plus axisymétrique des particules sur l'électrode de collecte, par rapport à une électrode de décharge de diamètre constant sur toute sa longueur. Une telle électrode de décharge permet d'éviter des accumulations inhomogènes de particules collectées au niveau de l'électrode de collecte, de telles accumulations pouvant dégrader le fonctionnement du dispositif en réduisant notamment le rendement de collecte. Par ailleurs, il a été observé que l'utilisation d'une telle électrode de décharge permet de réduire les variations d'amplitude des décharges couronne. Il en résulte une réduction des variations du rendement de collecte du collecteur électrostatique au fur et à mesure de son utilisation.An advantage of such a discharge electrode is linked to the fact that it makes it possible to obtain a more axisymmetric deposition of the particles on the collection electrode, compared with a discharge electrode of constant diameter over its entire length. Such a discharge electrode makes it possible to avoid inhomogeneous accumulations of particles collected at the level of the collection electrode, such accumulations being able to degrade the operation of the device by reducing in particular the collection efficiency. Furthermore, it has been observed that the use of such a discharge electrode makes it possible to reduce the variations in amplitude of the corona discharges. This results in a reduction of the variations in the collection efficiency of the electrostatic collector as it is used.

A titre d'exemple de dimensions, le premier diamètre peut être compris entre 0,5 et 2 mm, de préférence entre 0,5 et 1 mm. L'électrode de décharge 10 s'élargit par exemple à une distance supérieure ou égale à 1 mm de son extrémité aval 10-1, par exemple à une distance de l'ordre de 5 mm de son extrémité aval 10-1.As an example of dimensions, the first diameter may be between 0.5 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm. The discharge electrode 10 widens for example at a distance greater than or equal to 1 mm from its downstream end 10-1, for example at a distance of the order of 5 mm from its downstream end 10-1.

L'élargissement de l'électrode de décharge 10 peut être formé par un anneau conducteur entourant la partie fine de l'électrode de décharge sur une partie de sa longueur. L'extrémité aval au moins de la partie fine de l'électrode de décharge dépasse de l'anneau. Ainsi, l'électrode de décharge 10 comporte un anneau cylindrique disposé à une distance de l'ordre de 1 à 10 mm de l'extrémité aval 10-1, cet anneau s'étendant selon le même axe que l'électrode de décharge. De préférence, le diamètre interne de l'anneau correspond au premier diamètre, et son diamètre externe correspond au second diamètre. Ainsi, l'anneau est inséré au contact de la partie fine de l'électrode de décharge. La distance sur laquelle s'étend cet anneau varie entre quelques mm et quelques cm.The enlargement of the discharge electrode 10 can be formed by a conductive ring surrounding the fine part of the discharge electrode over part of its length. The downstream end at least of the thin part of the discharge electrode protrudes from the ring. Thus, the discharge electrode 10 comprises a cylindrical ring disposed at a distance of the order of 1 to 10 mm from the downstream end 10-1, this ring extending along the same axis as the discharge electrode. Preferably, the internal diameter of the ring corresponds to the first diameter, and its external diameter corresponds to the second diameter. Thus, the ring is inserted in contact with the thin part of the electrode discharge. The distance over which this ring extends varies between a few mm and a few cm.

A titre d'exemple de dimensions, l'anneau peut présenter un diamètre externe compris entre 1 mm et 5 mm et un diamètre interne qui permette le passage et le maintien de la partie fine de l'électrode de décharge 10. La partie fine de l'électrode de décharge 10 peut dépasser de l'anneau sur une distance comprise entre 1 mm et 10 mm en aval de l'anneau.By way of example of dimensions, the ring may have an external diameter of between 1 mm and 5 mm and an internal diameter which allows the thin part of the discharge electrode 10 to pass through and be held in place. the discharge electrode 10 can protrude from the ring over a distance of between 1 mm and 10 mm downstream of the ring.

La partie de l'électrode de décharge comprise entre l'élargissement 11 et l'extrémité aval 10-1 correspond à la partie fine de l'électrode. Son diamètre est inférieur à environ 2 mm, de préférence inférieur à environ 1 mm. La partie fine de l'électrode de décharge 10 est par exemple formée d'un élément conducteur électrique creux, par exemple un capillaire métallique. Le capillaire métallique présente par exemple un diamètre externe de l'ordre de 0,5 mm et un diamètre interne de l'ordre de 0,25 mm. Selon une alternative, la partie fine de l'électrode de décharge 10 est formée d'un élément conducteur électrique plein.The part of the discharge electrode between the widening 11 and the downstream end 10-1 corresponds to the thin part of the electrode. Its diameter is less than about 2 mm, preferably less than about 1 mm. The thin part of the discharge electrode 10 is for example formed of a hollow electrical conductor element, for example a metal capillary. The metal capillary has for example an external diameter of the order of 0.5 mm and an internal diameter of the order of 0.25 mm. According to an alternative, the fine part of the discharge electrode 10 is formed of a solid electrical conductive element.

La figure 2 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un exemple d'une telle électrode de décharge pouvant être utilisée dans un collecteur électrostatique du type de celui illustré en figure 1. Cette électrode de décharge est formée d'un capillaire métallique 10a entouré sur une partie de sa longueur par un anneau métallique 10b. Le capillaire 10a et l'anneau 10b sont par exemple reliés entre eux par une soudure. L'extrémité 10c de l'anneau 10b, par laquelle sort et dépasse l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10, destinée à être la plus proche de l'électrode de collecte, est arrondie. Ceci permet d'éviter tout effet de pointe. Cet arrondi peut être formé par une soudure.The figure 2 is a sectional view schematically representing an example of such a discharge electrode that can be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 1 . This discharge electrode is formed by a metal capillary 10a surrounded over part of its length by a metal ring 10b. The capillary 10a and the ring 10b are for example connected together by a solder. The end 10c of the ring 10b, through which emerges and protrudes the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10, intended to be closest to the collection electrode, is rounded. This avoids any peak effect. This rounding can be formed by a weld.

A titre d'exemple, l'électrode de décharge 10 est formée d'un capillaire métallique 10a de diamètre externe de l'ordre de 0,5 mm et de diamètre interne de l'ordre de 0,25 mm, entouré sur une partie de sa longueur par un anneau métallique 10b de diamètre externe de l'ordre de 2 mm et de diamètre interne de l'ordre de 0,5 mm. Le capillaire 10a débouche de l'anneau 10b par exemple à environ 5 mm de l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10.By way of example, the discharge electrode 10 is formed of a metal capillary 10a with an external diameter of the order of 0.5 mm and an internal diameter of the order of 0.25 mm, surrounded on one part its length by a metal ring 10b with an outer diameter of around 2 mm and an inner diameter of around 0.5 mm. The capillary 10a emerges from the ring 10b for example at about 5 mm from the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10.

Selon une alternative, l'électrode de décharge 10 peut être formée d'une seule pièce, usinée de façon à présenter une extrémité fine, c'est-à-dire de diamètre inférieur à environ 2 mm, de préférence inférieur à environ 1 mm, et un élargissement tel que précédemment décrit.According to an alternative, the discharge electrode 10 can be formed in one piece, machined so as to have a thin end, that is to say with a diameter less than about 2 mm, preferably less than about 1 mm. , and an enlargement as previously described.

A titre d'exemple de matériaux, la partie fine 10a de l'électrode de décharge est de préférence en un matériau métallique, par exemple en acier ou en acier inoxydable ou en cuivre ou en argent. L'anneau conducteur 10b est de préférence en un matériau métallique, par exemple en acier ou en acier inoxydable ou en cuivre ou en argent.By way of example of materials, the thin part 10a of the discharge electrode is preferably made of a metallic material, for example steel or stainless steel or copper or silver. The conductive ring 10b is preferably made of a metallic material, for example steel or stainless steel or copper or silver.

Electrode de collecteCollection electrode

L'électrode de collecte 20 ne présente de préférence aucune protubérance ou aucune aspérité ou aucun angle vif en regard de l'électrode de décharge. L'électrode de collecte 20 présente une surface lisse au toucher, c'est-à-dire que la surface de l'électrode de collecte présente un paramètre de rugosité Ra inférieur à environ 0,7 µm, de préférence inférieur à environ 0,4 µm. De préférence, l'électrode de collecte 20 présente une surface parfaitement polie, c'est-à-dire que la surface de l'électrode de collecte présente un paramètre de rugosité Ra inférieur à environ 0,2 µm.The collection electrode 20 preferably has no protuberance or any asperity or any sharp angle facing the discharge electrode. The collection electrode 20 has a smooth surface to the touch, that is to say the surface of the collection electrode has a roughness parameter Ra of less than approximately 0.7 μm, preferably less than approximately 0, 4µm. Preferably, the collection electrode 20 has a perfectly polished surface, ie the surface of the collection electrode has a roughness parameter Ra of less than about 0.2 μm.

De préférence, l'électrode de collecte 20 est en un matériau métallique, par exemple en aluminium. Selon une alternative, l'électrode de collecte 20 est en un matériau conducteur autre qu'un matériau métallique, par exemple en acier inoxydable ou en au moins un polymère conducteur.Preferably, the collection electrode 20 is made of a metallic material, for example aluminum. According to an alternative, the collection electrode 20 is made of a conductive material other than a metallic material, for example stainless steel or at least one conductive polymer.

La figure 3A est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un exemple d'électrode de collecte pouvant être utilisée dans un collecteur électrostatique du type de celui illustré en figure 1. La figure 3B est une photographie correspondant à la figure 3A.The Figure 3A is a sectional view schematically representing an example of a collection electrode that can be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 1 . The Figure 3B is a photograph corresponding to the Figure 3A .

L'électrode de collecte 20 comporte une portion principale 20b de forme cylindrique. On désigne par la référence 20-3 la paroi interne de l'électrode de collecte 20, destinée à former la surface de collecte des particules, et par la référence 20-4 la paroi externe de l'électrode de collecte 20. Dans cet exemple, la paroi externe 20-4 et la paroi interne 20-3 de l'électrode de collecte 20 sont cylindriques.The collection electrode 20 comprises a main portion 20b of cylindrical shape. The reference 20-3 designates the internal wall of the collection electrode 20, intended to form the particle collection surface, and the reference 20-4 denotes the external wall of the collection electrode 20. In this example , the outer wall 20-4 and the inner wall 20-3 of the collection electrode 20 are cylindrical.

L'extrémité amont 20-1 de l'électrode de collecte 20, destinée à être la plus proche de l'électrode de décharge 10, présente un rebord interne arrondi 20a. Ainsi, lorsqu'elle est positionnée dans la paroi 1 de la chambre de collecte, l'électrode de collecte 20 ne présente pas d'angle vif en regard de l'électrode de décharge 10. Ceci permet de réduire le risque de générer des arcs électriques entre l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'électrode de collecte 20.The upstream end 20-1 of the collection electrode 20, intended to be closest to the discharge electrode 10, has a rounded internal edge 20a. Thus, when it is positioned in the wall 1 of the collection chamber, the collection electrode 20 does not have a sharp angle opposite the discharge electrode 10. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of generating arcs electrical between the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20.

L'extrémité aval 20-2 de l'électrode de collecte 20, destinée à être la plus éloignée de l'électrode de décharge 10, comporte un rebord externe 20c en forme de collerette.The downstream end 20-2 of the collection electrode 20, intended to be furthest from the discharge electrode 10, comprises an outer rim 20c in the form of a flange.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique une variante de l'électrode de collecte de la figure 3A. Les éléments communs avec ceux de la figure 3A sont désignés par les mêmes références.The figure 4 is a sectional view schematically representing a variant of the collection electrode of the Figure 3A . The common elements with those of the Figure 3A are designated by the same references.

Selon cette variante, le diamètre interne de l'électrode de collecte n'est pas constant. La paroi interne 20-3 de l'électrode de collecte 20 s'élargit de l'extrémité amont 20-1 vers l'extrémité aval 20-2, et la paroi externe 20-4 est cylindrique. La paroi interne 20-3 de l'électrode de collecte 20 correspond par exemple à une portion de cône. L'angle d'inclinaison θ de la paroi interne 20-3 par rapport à l'axe de révolution de l'électrode de collecte 20 est par exemple compris entre environ 1 ° et environ 10 °.According to this variant, the internal diameter of the collection electrode is not constant. The internal wall 20-3 of the collection electrode 20 widens from the upstream end 20-1 towards the downstream end 20-2, and the external wall 20-4 is cylindrical. The internal wall 20-3 of the collection electrode 20 corresponds for example to a portion of a cone. The angle of inclination θ of the internal wall 20-3 with respect to the axis of revolution of the collection electrode 20 is for example between about 1° and about 10°.

La figure 5 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique un autre mode de réalisation d'un collecteur électrostatique. Les éléments communs avec ceux de la figure 1 sont désignés par les mêmes références et ne sont pas décrits à nouveau ci-après.The figure 5 is a sectional view schematically representing another embodiment of an electrostatic collector. The common elements with those of the figure 1 are designated by the same references and are not described again below.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'électrode de collecte 20 est amovible, apte à être insérée dans le collecteur électrostatique et à en être retirée de façon manuelle. Elle peut ensuite être insérée dans un dispositif d'analyse et/ou dans un dispositif de nettoyage extérieur au collecteur électrostatique.In this embodiment, the collection electrode 20 is removable, capable of being inserted into the electrostatic collector and of being removed therefrom manually. It can then be inserted into an analysis device and/or into a cleaning device outside the electrostatic collector.

Une ouverture 42, formée dans la paroi 1 de la chambre de collecte, est configurée pour recevoir l'électrode de collecte 20 et un moyen de rappel 40, par exemple un ressort, positionné dans l'ouverture 42 entre l'électrode de collecte 20 et la paroi 1. Le diamètre interne de l'électrode de collecte 20 correspond sensiblement au diamètre interne de la paroi 1. L'ouverture 42 est réalisée de façon qu'aucune partie du moyen de rappel 40 ne soit plus près de l'électrode de décharge 10 que l'électrode de collecte 20.An opening 42, formed in the wall 1 of the collection chamber, is configured to receive the collection electrode 20 and a biasing means 40, for example a spring, positioned in the opening 42 between the collection electrode 20 and the wall 1. The internal diameter of the collection electrode 20 corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the wall 1. The opening 42 is made so that no part of the biasing means 40 is closer to the discharge electrode 10 than the collection electrode 20.

L'extrémité aval 20-2 de l'électrode de collecte amovible 20 comporte une collerette 20c formant une surface d'appui pour le moyen de rappel 40. Une pièce de blocage 44 est destinée à être positionnée contre la collerette 20c afin de la bloquer en appui contre le moyen de rappel 40.The downstream end 20-2 of the removable collection electrode 20 includes a collar 20c forming a support surface for the return means 40. A blocking piece 44 is intended to be positioned against the collar 20c in order to block it resting against the return means 40.

Le moyen de rappel 40 est de préférence en un matériau conducteur électrique, par exemple en acier inoxydable. Dans ce cas, le moyen de rappel 40 est destiné à être relié électriquement au moyen de polarisation 21 afin de polariser l'électrode de collecte 20.The return means 40 is preferably made of an electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel. In this case, the return means 40 is intended to be electrically connected to the biasing means 21 in order to bias the collection electrode 20.

Pour insérer et maintenir l'électrode de collecte 20 dans le collecteur électrostatique, la pièce de blocage 44 est positionnée contre la collerette 20c de l'électrode de collecte 20. La pièce de blocage 44 bloque la collerette 20c en appui contre le moyen de rappel 40, ce qui comprime ce dernier. Le moyen de rappel 40 s'appuie à la fois sur la paroi 1 de la chambre de collecte et sur l'électrode de collecte 20.To insert and hold the collection electrode 20 in the electrostatic collector, the blocking part 44 is positioned against the collar 20c of the collecting electrode 20. The blocking part 44 blocks the collar 20c in abutment against the return means 40, which compresses the latter. The return means 40 rests both on the wall 1 of the collection chamber and on the collection electrode 20.

Pour extraire l'électrode de collecte 20 du collecteur électrostatique, la pièce de blocage 44 est retirée. Le moyen de rappel 40 pousse alors l'électrode de collecte 20 hors de l'ouverture 42, ce qui facilite le retrait de l'électrode de collecte du collecteur électrostatique.To extract the collection electrode 20 from the electrostatic collector, the blocking piece 44 is removed. The biasing means 40 then pushes the collection electrode 20 out of the opening 42, which facilitates the removal of the collection electrode from the electrostatic collector.

Un avantage d'un collecteur électrostatique du type de celui décrit en relation avec la figure 5 est lié au fait qu'il permet de faciliter le retrait de l'électrode de collecte du collecteur électrostatique, par exemple en vue de l'analyse des particules collectées et/ou du nettoyage de l'électrode de collecte.An advantage of an electrostatic collector of the type described in connection with the figure 5 is linked to the fact that it facilitates the removal of the collection electrode from the electrostatic collector, for example with a view to analyzing the collected particles and/or cleaning the collection electrode.

La figure 6 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique une variante de réalisation du collecteur électrostatique de la figure 5. Les éléments communs avec ceux de la figure 5 sont désignés par les mêmes références et ne sont pas décrits à nouveau ci-après.The figure 6 is a sectional view schematically representing an alternative embodiment of the electrostatic collector of the figure 5 . The common elements with those of the figure 5 are designated by the same references and are not described again below.

Dans cette variante, la chambre de collecte 3 présente un diamètre interne plus élevé en amont de l'électrode de collecte 20 qu'à l'emplacement de l'électrode de collecte. Il en résulte une diminution de la perte de charge du dispositif.In this variant, the collection chamber 3 has a larger internal diameter upstream of the collection electrode 20 than at the location of the collection electrode. This results in a reduction in the pressure drop of the device.

Le facteur de réduction du diamètre de la chambre de collecte 3 de l'amont vers l'aval est par exemple de l'ordre de 30 à 50 %. La restriction de diamètre est de préférence formée à proximité de l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10, en amont de l'extrémité aval 10-1, par exemple à une distance correspondant sensiblement au diamètre interne de l'électrode de collecte.The reduction factor in the diameter of the collection chamber 3 from upstream to downstream is for example of the order of 30 to 50%. The diameter restriction is preferably formed near the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10, upstream of the downstream end 10-1, for example at a distance corresponding substantially to the internal diameter of the collection electrode.

Entre l'extrémité aval 10-1 de l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'électrode de collecte 20, la paroi 1 de la chambre de collecte présente un diamètre interne sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de l'électrode de collecte 20.Between the downstream end 10-1 of the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20, the wall 1 of the collection chamber has an internal diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the collection electrode 20.

Une électrode de décharge du type de celle illustrée en figure 2 pourra bien entendu être utilisée dans un collecteur électrostatique du type de celui illustré en figures 5 et 6. En outre, une électrode de collecte du type de celle illustrée en figure 4 pourra être utilisée dans un collecteur électrostatique du type de celui illustré en figures 5 et 6.A discharge electrode of the type illustrated in figure 2 can of course be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 5 and 6 . In addition, a collection electrode of the type illustrated in figure 4 can be used in an electrostatic collector of the type illustrated in figure 5 and 6 .

Dans un collecteur électrostatique du type de celui décrit en relation avec les figures 1, 5 et 6 en fonctionnement, le générateur de tension est apte à imposer une différence de potentiel électrique entre l'électrode de collecte et l'électrode de décharge comprise entre environ 1 kV et environ 15 kV, de préférence entre environ 6 kV et environ 10 kV.In an electrostatic collector of the type described in relation to the figure 1 , 5 and 6 in operation, the voltage generator is capable of imposing an electrical potential difference between the collection electrode and the discharge electrode of between approximately 1 kV and approximately 15 kV, preferably between approximately 6 kV and approximately 10 kV.

Avantageusement, l'électrode de décharge et l'électrode de collecte sont polarisées de sorte que le potentiel électrique de l'électrode de décharge soit inférieur au potentiel électrique de l'électrode de collecte. On dit alors que la décharge électrique est négative.Advantageously, the discharge electrode and the collection electrode are polarized so that the electric potential of the discharge electrode is lower than the electric potential of the collection electrode. The electrical discharge is then said to be negative.

Avantageusement, l'électrode de décharge 10 est reliée à la masse et le potentiel de l'électrode de collecte 20 est positif.Advantageously, the discharge electrode 10 is grounded and the potential of the collection electrode 20 is positive.

Les inventeurs ont réalisé des mesures de rendement de collecte en fonction du diamètre des particules. Ces mesures leur ont permis de constater que, quel que soit le diamètre des particules considérées, le rendement de collecte est optimisé pour une décharge négative et pour une électrode de décharge reliée à la masse.The inventors have carried out collection efficiency measurements as a function of the particle diameter. These measurements enabled them to observe that, whatever whatever the diameter of the particles considered, the collection efficiency is optimized for a negative discharge and for a discharge electrode connected to ground.

Pour réaliser ces mesures, les inventeurs ont fait transiter de l'air ambiant contenant des poussières naturelles dans la chambre de collecte 3. A la sortie de la chambre de collecte, l'air traité a été prélevé à partir d'une dérivation disposée en aval de l'électrode de collecte 20. Un compteur optique de particules de type Dust Monitor v1.109 de Grimm a ensuite été utilisé pour analyser l'air prélevé. Ceci qui a permis de déterminer la concentration des particules dans l'air prélevé en fonction de leur diamètre et d'en déduire le rendement de collecte en fonction du diamètre des particules.To carry out these measurements, the inventors caused ambient air containing natural dust to pass through the collection chamber 3. At the outlet of the collection chamber, the treated air was taken from a bypass arranged in downstream of the collection electrode 20. A Dust Monitor v1.109 type optical particle counter from Grimm was then used to analyze the sampled air. This made it possible to determine the concentration of particles in the air sampled according to their diameter and to deduce the collection efficiency according to the diameter of the particles.

Les mesures ont été réalisées avec une chambre de collecte de diamètre interne de l'ordre de 10 mm, et pour une distance d'environ 6 mm entre l'électrode de décharge 10 et l'électrode de collecte 20.The measurements were carried out with a collection chamber with an internal diameter of the order of 10 mm, and for a distance of approximately 6 mm between the discharge electrode 10 and the collection electrode 20.

La figure 7 représente des résultats de mesure du rendement de collecte en fonction du diamètre des particules, pour différentes polarisations de l'électrode de décharge et de l'électrode de collecte et pour un débit d'air de 5 litres par minute.The figure 7 represents results of measurement of the collection efficiency as a function of the diameter of the particles, for different polarizations of the discharge electrode and of the collection electrode and for an air flow of 5 liters per minute.

Les courbes 61 et 62 correspondent à une décharge positive, le potentiel de l'électrode de décharge étant respectivement de 9 kV et de 9,9 kV, l'électrode de collecte étant reliée à la masse. Les courbes 63 et 64 correspondent à une décharge négative, le potentiel de l'électrode de collecte étant respectivement de 9 kV et de 9,9 kV, l'électrode de décharge étant reliée à la masse.Curves 61 and 62 correspond to a positive discharge, the potential of the discharge electrode being respectively 9 kV and 9.9 kV, the collection electrode being connected to ground. Curves 63 and 64 correspond to a negative discharge, the potential of the collection electrode being respectively 9 kV and 9.9 kV, the discharge electrode being connected to ground.

Ces résultats montrent que, pour l'ensemble des tailles de particules considérées, le rendement de collecte est optimisé lorsque la décharge est négative.These results show that, for all the particle sizes considered, the collection efficiency is optimized when the discharge is negative.

Les figures 8A et 8B représentent des résultats de mesure du rendement de collecte en fonction du diamètre des particules dans le cas d'une décharge négative, respectivement lorsque l'électrode de décharge est reliée à la masse et lorsque l'électrode de collecte est reliée à la masse. Les mesures ont été réalisées pour une décharge négative de 9,9 kV.The figures 8A and 8B represent results of measurement of the collection efficiency as a function of the diameter of the particles in the case of a negative discharge, respectively when the discharge electrode is connected to ground and when the collection electrode is connected to ground. The measurements were carried out for a negative discharge of 9.9 kV.

Les courbes 71 et 81 correspondent respectivement au cas où l'électrode de décharge est reliée à la masse et au cas où l'électrode de collecte est reliée à la masse. Les courbes 73 et 83 correspondent respectivement au cas où l'électrode de décharge est reliée à la terre et au cas où l'électrode de collecte est reliée à la terre (cas où la masse est reliée à la terre).Curves 71 and 81 correspond respectively to the case where the discharge electrode is connected to ground and to the case where the collection electrode is connected to mass. The curves 73 and 83 correspond respectively to the case where the discharge electrode is connected to the ground and to the case where the collection electrode is connected to the ground (case where the mass is connected to the ground).

Ces résultats montrent que, pour l'ensemble des tailles de particules considérées, dans le cas d'une décharge négative, le rendement de collecte est optimisé lorsque l'électrode de décharge est reliée à la masse. Les inventeurs ont constaté que ces résultats s'appliquent même si l'électrode de décharge ne comporte pas d'élargissement brusque tel que précédemment décrit, notamment lorsque le diamètre de la chambre de collecte est inférieur à 50 mm, et de préférence inférieur à 30 mm, dès lors que l'électrode de décharge s'étend selon l'axe longitudinal de la chambre de collecte.These results show that, for all the particle sizes considered, in the case of a negative discharge, the collection efficiency is optimized when the discharge electrode is grounded. The inventors have found that these results apply even if the discharge electrode does not include sudden widening as previously described, in particular when the diameter of the collection chamber is less than 50 mm, and preferably less than 30 mm, since the discharge electrode extends along the longitudinal axis of the collection chamber.

Dans un collecteur électrostatique selon l'invention :

  • la première partie de l'électrode de décharge peut présenter une longueur inférieure à environ 10 mm, de préférence inférieure à environ 5 mm, par exemple comprise entre environ 1 et 5 mm ;
  • et/ou le second diamètre peut être compris entre 1 mm et 5 à 6 mm ;
  • et/ou l'extrémité en forme de pointe de l'électrode de décharge peut être située à une distance comprise entre 2 mm et 10 mm de l'anneau.
In an electrostatic collector according to the invention:
  • the first part of the discharge electrode may have a length less than about 10 mm, preferably less than about 5 mm, for example between about 1 and 5 mm;
  • and/or the second diameter can be between 1 mm and 5 to 6 mm;
  • and/or the tip-shaped end of the discharge electrode may be located at a distance between 2 mm and 10 mm from the ring.

Claims (15)

  1. Electrostatic collector comprising:
    a collection chamber (3) oriented along a first axis (z);
    a collection electrode (20),
    a discharge electrode (10), of elongate form, extending along said first axis (z) and comprising:
    - an end (10-1), in the shape of a tip, said end being disposed opposite the collection electrode (20);
    - a first part, slender, (10a) of a first diameter, emerging on said tip-shaped end,
    - a second part (10b) of a second diameter, the second diameter being greater than or equal to twice the first diameter, the second diameter being preferably between 2 and 6 times the first diameter; and
    - a sudden widening (11), extending between the first part (10a) and the second part (10b),
    characterised in that
    - the collection chamber (3) is delimited by a tubular wall (1) made from an electrically insulating material and
    - the collection electrode (20) is intended to be disposed inside the collection chamber in an opening (42) formed in the wall (1), and is removable, capable of being inserted into the electrostatic collector and capable of being removed therefrom.
  2. Electrostatic collector according to claim 1, wherein the sudden widening (11) extends over a distance that is less than the second diameter.
  3. Electrostatic collector according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
    - a first polarising means, capable of bringing the discharge electrode (10) to a first potential; and
    - a second polarising means, capable of bringing the collection electrode (20) to a second potential,
    the first potential being less than the second potential, the first potential preferably being a ground potential.
  4. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first diameter is between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
  5. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the widening of the discharge electrode (10) is formed by a conducting ring (10b) surrounding the first slender part (10a) of the discharge electrode over a part of its length, at least said tip-shaped end (10-1) protruding from the ring,
    the end (10c) of the ring (10b) positioned the closest to said tip-shaped end (10-1) being possibly rounded.
  6. Electrostatic collector according to claim 5, wherein said tip-shaped end (10-1) is located at a distance of between 2 mm and 10 mm from the ring (10b)and/or the ring (10b) has an outer diameter of between 1 mm and 5 mm and an inner diameter allowing for the passage and support of the first slender part (10a) of the discharge electrode (10).
  7. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the discharge electrode (10) is a hollow electrically conducting element, for example a metal capillary tube.
  8. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 1 to 79, wherein the discharge electrode (10) and the collection electrode (20) are offset in relation to each other along said first axis (z) of the collection chamber, no portion of the discharge electrode (10) being at the same level as the collection electrode (20) along said first axis (z).
  9. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a return means (40),
    wherein the collection electrode (20) is tubular in shape and is intended to be positioned inside an opening (42) formed in the wall (1), the collection electrode having a first end (20-1) and a second end (20-2), the first end (20-1) being intended to be positioned the closest to said tip-shaped end (10-1) of the discharge electrode (10);
    and wherein the return means (40) is intended to be positioned inside said opening between the collection electrode (20) and the wall (1).
  10. Electrostatic collector according to claim 9, wherein the return means (40) is a spring.
  11. Electrostatic collector according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising a locking part (44), intended to press against the second end (20-2) of the collection electrode (20) and compress the return means (40).
  12. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the second end (20-2) of the collection electrode (20) comprises a flange (20c).
  13. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the first end (20-1) of the collection electrode (20) comprises a rounded inner edge (20a).
  14. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the inner wall (20-3) of the collection electrode (20) is a portion of a cone.
  15. Electrostatic collector according to one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the collection chamber (3) has an inner diameter that is greater upstream of the collection electrode (20) than at the location of the collection electrode.
EP15731911.2A 2014-06-25 2015-06-25 Electrostatic collector Active EP3160651B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1455908A FR3022806B1 (en) 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 ELECTROSTATIC COLLECTOR
PCT/EP2015/064344 WO2015197747A1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-06-25 Electrostatic collector

Publications (2)

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EP3160651A1 EP3160651A1 (en) 2017-05-03
EP3160651B1 true EP3160651B1 (en) 2022-08-31

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EP15731911.2A Active EP3160651B1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-06-25 Electrostatic collector

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US (1) US10384214B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3160651B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3022806B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015197747A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3093564B1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2018-09-19 Blueair AB Air cleaning device
KR101669391B1 (en) * 2016-02-04 2016-10-25 주식회사 엔아이티코리아 Electrical Dust Filter Manufacturing Mehtod And Electrical Dust Filter Manufactured Thereby
FR3080781B1 (en) * 2018-05-04 2021-01-01 Bertin Technologies Sa ELECTROSTATIC COLLECTION SYSTEM OF PARTICLES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS
FR3080782B1 (en) 2018-05-04 2020-11-06 Bertin Technologies Sa ELECTROSTATIC PARTICLE COLLECTOR
FR3117898A1 (en) 2020-12-21 2022-06-24 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Airborne Particle Collection Unit
FR3130650B1 (en) 2021-12-17 2023-11-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Method and device for recovering and analyzing airborne particles.
FR3130649A1 (en) 2021-12-17 2023-06-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Airborne Particle Collection Membrane

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FR3010642B1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2015-10-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique ELECTROSTATIC COLLECTOR

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170203304A1 (en) 2017-07-20
EP3160651A1 (en) 2017-05-03
WO2015197747A1 (en) 2015-12-30
FR3022806B1 (en) 2019-06-21
US10384214B2 (en) 2019-08-20
FR3022806A1 (en) 2016-01-01

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