EP3152396B1 - Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid - Google Patents
Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3152396B1 EP3152396B1 EP15733792.4A EP15733792A EP3152396B1 EP 3152396 B1 EP3152396 B1 EP 3152396B1 EP 15733792 A EP15733792 A EP 15733792A EP 3152396 B1 EP3152396 B1 EP 3152396B1
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- European Patent Office
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- casing
- unit
- electronic
- electronic units
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 26
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/125—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using earth as an electrical conductor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be used, such as natural gas, comprising a production column in which circulates the fluid to be operated, a casing protector disposed around the production column and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through which the well extends.
- a fluid to be used such as natural gas
- the invention also relates to a method for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be used, this monitoring including monitoring the placement and the integrity of the cement protection barrier.
- the integrity of a well for extracting or storing a fluid such as a hydrocarbon or natural gas may be affected by the presence of voids when filling with cement the annular space between the casing of the casing. extraction pit and the surrounding rock, or by the aging of the cement. These two factors lead to unexpected production shutdowns that are inherently unpredictable if regular monitoring of the integrity of this cement cladding is not carried out.
- Indirect leak detection measures are also known, such as a fluid analysis or a well outside pressure analysis, for example. All these indirect methods make it possible to confirm a problem, but not to anticipate it.
- the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to allow to safely and effectively control the fair placement and integrity of the cement sheath located between a casing and a rock formation, in order to be able to predict production shutdowns. extraction or fluid storage well and act accordingly to minimize production losses related to the shutdown of the operation.
- a system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be exploited such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon or natural gas
- a fluid to be exploited such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon or natural gas
- a protective casing disposed around the production column via an annular fluid and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through which extends the well, characterized in that it comprises outside the casing, between the latter and the cement sheath, a series of electronic units distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing and spaced axially along the casing, each electronic unit comprising a communication means of the electronic unit with another electronic unit or a surf terminal.
- Each detection unit may comprise a sensor corresponding to the measurement of a single type of physical or chemical quantity.
- each detection unit comprises a set of several sensors corresponding to the measurement of several different physical or chemical quantities.
- Autonomous sensors for measuring physical or chemical magnitude in the volume of the cement sheath to control its integrity may include ultrasonic sensors, radar sensors and / or terahertz sensors, and complementary temperature sensors and / or stress sensors.
- between one and eight electronic units are distributed around the casing in the same plane perpendicular to said casing.
- the communication means comprises wireless communication means, such as radio waves, electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves or surface currents.
- Radio communication means for a feedback of radio frequency information in the cementitious sheath preferably use a frequency between 169 MHz and 2.4 GHz. This makes it possible to reconcile a reasonable antenna size (centimetric) and a sufficient range (of the order of ten meters).
- the communication means comprises wired communication means.
- the electronic units can be fixed directly on the casing, by a mechanical connection such as gluing, brazing or welding.
- the electronic units are brought into direct contact with the casing, the electronic units and the casing being then covered by a protective layer of polymer intended to protect the electronic units and the casing and to ensure the maintenance of the units. electronics on the casing.
- the electronic units are arranged on a continuous strip bonded to a generatrix of the casing and in contact with the cement sheath.
- the invention makes it possible to have the sensors at very precise locations along the casing.
- a first series of electronic units of a first type is arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing spaced axially in a first wide mesh, while a second series of electronic units of a second type is arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing spaced axially in a second narrower mesh.
- the electronic units comprising at least one detection unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing axially spaced between them from 10 cm to 10 m.
- Electronic units not comprising at least one detection unit may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing axially spaced between them from 5 to 100 m.
- the invention particularly relates to a system in which the detection units comprise at least one sensor selected from temperature, pressure, stress, integrity sensors, such as density or material presence sensors, or chemical environment, such as the presence of water or sulfur.
- the electronic units have a thickness of between 1 and 20 mm.
- the energy supply unit of the electronic units comprises means for storing electrical energy, such as a battery or a super-capacitor.
- high temperature batteries such as solid cathode lithium batteries with a capacity of the order of 10 to 50 Watt hours depending on the information transmission protocol retained or a system of micropiles to combustible.
- the energy supply unit of the electronic units may also comprise energy collection means, such as electromagnetic transmission along the casing or the collection of mechanical or thermal energy, by means of magneto-inductive, piezoelectric or magnetic transducers. Seebeck.
- At least one electronic unit arranged in relay unit recovers energy in the environment to supply at least one detection unit comprising at least one physical or chemical magnitude sensor and / or least one signal processing unit.
- Energy contributions can thus be obtained in particular by collecting the heat energy in the well by using the temperature gradient between the surrounding medium and the operating fluid.
- the step of fixing the electronic units on the casing is performed on a generatrix of the casing element by gluing, soldering or welding and the electronic units are covered by a protective layer of polymer.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be exploited, such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide or natural gas , comprising the steps of drilling in a geological formation, disposing in the bore a protective casing and interposing a cement sheath between the casing and the geological formation, characterized in that the casing is made according to the manufacturing method defined above.
- a fluid to be exploited such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide or natural gas
- the figure 1 shows an example of a well for extraction or storage of a fluid to be exploited such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide or natural gas, to which the invention is applicable.
- a fluid to be exploited such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide or natural gas
- the invention is also applicable to a well inclined relative to the vertical.
- a production column 20 in which circulates the fluid to be operated, a protective casing 60 disposed around the production column 20 via an annular fluid 25 and a cement sheath 30 interposed between the casing 60 and a rock formation 70 through which extends the well.
- a series of electronic units 110 are distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing 60 and spaced axially along the casing 60.
- An electronic unit 110 comprising only a detection unit conforming to point a) is thus an autonomous unit arranged to raise at least one physical or chemical quantity and transmit this statement to another electronic unit 110 which will serve as a relay for this reading either at a surface terminal 100 which will collect and analyze the data collected.
- An electronic unit comprising only a processing unit 12 according to item b) is thus a relay arranged to receive data from other electronic units 110, in particular physical or chemical quantity sensors, and transmit them either to another electronic unit 110 which will also serve as a relay, either to the surface terminal 100.
- the signal processing unit 12 allows filtering and transformation of the received signals in order to preserve the quality of the transmitted signal.
- Such an electronic unit 110 also comprises means for receiving the signals, such as an antenna adapted to the signals. For the sake of clarity, the electronic unit 110 for relaying the signals will be designated per relay unit.
- the electronic units 110 may be arranged to comprise a detection unit with a sensor 11 and a signal processing unit 12 in order to combine the functions of relay and measurement of the physical or chemical quantities, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 .
- Each detection unit may comprise either a sensor 11 corresponding to a single type of physical or chemical quantity, or a set of several sensors 11 of different physical or chemical quantities.
- the communication means 14 associated with the electronic units 110 may comprise wireless communication means, such as radio waves, acoustic waves, electromagnetic waves or surface currents or, according to another embodiment, may comprise means wired communication.
- Radio communication means for a feedback of radio frequency information in the cementitious sheath preferably use a frequency between 169 MHz and 2.4 GHz. This makes it possible to reconcile a reasonable antenna size (centimetric) and a sufficient range (of the order of ten meters).
- the electronic units 110 may be fixed directly on the casing 60 or may be arranged on a continuous band 61 bonded to a generatrix of the casing 60 and in contact with the cement sheath 30.
- the sensors are fixed on a metal belt which is then closed and tightened around the casing 60.
- the electronic units 110 may include transmission means 12 adapted to transmit measurement signals step by step to a base 100 located on the surface of the ground.
- the electronic units 110 may be fixed by gluing on the casing 60 or a flexible support surrounding the casing 60.
- the electronic units 110 can also be fixed by brazing or welding on the casing 60.
- the electronic units 110 are brought into direct contact with the casing 60, the electronic units 110 and the casing 60 then being covered by a protective polymer layer 61 intended to protect the electronic units and the casing during the bending and conditioning of the casing and during handling before and during the installation of the casing and also to maintain the electronic units 110 on the casing 60.
- Electronic units 110 typically include microcomponents to reduce the size of the electronic unit.
- the electronic units 110 have a typical thickness of between 1 and 20 mm.
- the electronic units 110 can thus be covered by the protective polymer layer 61.
- the integration of certain components can lead to electronic units 110 thicker, for example with a thickness of up to 50mm.
- the casing 60 will comprise housings of size and depth corresponding to the electronic units 110 so that the latter are embedded in the casing before the application of the protective polymer layer 61.
- a first series of electronic units 110 each comprising a detection element 11 of a first type of physical or chemical magnitude are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 spaced axially in a first wide mesh of length L1 and are referenced on the figure 1 as being units 111, 112, 115, 116 and 118.
- a second series of electronic units 110 each comprising a detection element 11 of a second type of physical or chemical magnitude are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 spaced axially in a second narrower mesh of length L2, on at least a portion of the height of the casing 60 and are referenced on the figure 1 as being units 113, 114, located at the formation 40 and units 116, 117, located at the formation 50. It is noted that units such as the unit 116 may be common to both meshes and then comprise elements 11 for detecting both the first and second types of physical or chemical quantities.
- the electronic units 110 may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 spaced axially between them for example from 10 cm to 100 m, but other ranges of values are possible depending on the applications.
- the electronic units 110 comprising at least one detection unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 spaced axially between them from 10 cm to 10 m in order to create a sensor mesh able to detect the modifications in the cement sheath 30
- the mesh of the sensors 11 can be modulated according to the geological layers encountered.
- the mesh of the temperature or pressure sensors can be adapted to the drilling depth, the mesh densifying with the depth of drilling.
- the electronic units 110 do not comprise at least one detection unit, in particular the relay units are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 axially spaced between them from 5 to 100 m, that is to say next a larger mesh, but sufficient to allow communication between the electronic units 110.
- each sensor 11 is arranged in a proper mesh, the relay units being arranged so that each sensor 11 can transmit its data to the surface terminal 100.
- the sensors and / or relays are grouped into an electronic unit 110 to facilitate implementation.
- the detection units comprise at least one sensor 11 chosen from sensors of physical magnitudes: temperature, pressure, stress, integrity, such as density or presence of material in order to detect shortages of cement, chemical environment, such as the presence of water or sulfur, to detect water infiltration or elements that may affect the casing 60.
- the electronic units 113, 114 and 116, 117 may comprise a first series of detection units each comprising a pressure sensor and the electronic units 111, 112, 115, 116 and 118 may comprise a second series detection units each comprising a temperature sensor.
- the electronic units 113, 114 and 116, 117 of the first series may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 spaced axially from each other by a length L2 between 50 and 150 cm and the electronic units 111, 112 , 115, 116 and 118 of the second series may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 spaced axially between them with a length L1 of between 5 and 15 m.
- the detection units of the electronic units 110 are supplied with electrical energy by collecting means such as electromagnetic transmission along the casing 60.
- the power supply can also be achieved by harvesting mechanical and thermal energy. for example by means of magneto-inductive, piezoelectric or Seebeck effect transducers.
- At least one electronic unit arranged in relay unit recovers energy in the environment to supply at least one detection unit comprising at least one physical or chemical magnitude sensor and / or least one signal processing unit. Energy contributions can thus be obtained in particular by harvesting energy in the well using the temperature gradient between the surrounding medium and the operating fluid.
- the electronic units 110 each comprise an autonomous battery or power supply capacitors which constitute the energy source 13.
- the casing elements are tubes, generally made of steel of 10 m length for example and which are produced in the factory, the complete casing being thus obtained for example by butt-screwing these different elements. According to the invention, these casing elements are equipped at the factory with electronic units 110 as defined above. The casing elements are then assembled during the production of the extraction shaft.
- the electronic units 110 are arranged on the casing 60 by temporary gluing. Then the casing 60 and the electronic units 110 are covered by a protective polymer layer 61 which fixes the electronic units 110 on the casing 60. This layer 61 is chosen to allow the implementation of the sensors 11 while allowing the fixing of the units. 110 electronics on the casing 60.
- This method further comprises the steps of installing outside the casing 60, between the casing 60 and the cement sheath 30, a series of electronic units 110, comprising detection units and / or relay units, distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing 60 and axially spaced along the casing 60.
- Each detection unit comprises at least one physical or chemical quantity sensor 11, a means 14 for communicating the signals coming from the sensor 11 , an energy supply unit 13 and, if appropriate, a unit 12 for processing the signals coming from the sensor 11.
- Each relay unit comprises a means 14 for transmitting signals, an energy supply unit 13 and, if appropriate, a unit 12 of signal processing relayed.
- the figure 3 illustrates an electronic unit 110 combining the two functions of detection unit and relay unit.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Description
La présente invention concerne un système d'exploitation et de surveillance d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide à exploiter, tel que du gaz naturel, comprenant une colonne de production dans laquelle circule le fluide à exploiter, un cuvelage de protection disposé autour de la colonne de production et une gaine de ciment interposée entre le cuvelage et une formation rocheuse au travers de laquelle s'étend le puits.The present invention relates to a system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be used, such as natural gas, comprising a production column in which circulates the fluid to be operated, a casing protector disposed around the production column and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through which the well extends.
L'invention concerne également un procédé d'exploitation et de surveillance d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide à exploiter, cette surveillance incluant le suivi du placement et de l'intégrité de la barrière de protection de ciment.The invention also relates to a method for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be used, this monitoring including monitoring the placement and the integrity of the cement protection barrier.
L'intégrité d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide tel qu'un hydrocarbure ou du gaz naturel peut être affectée par la présence de vides lors du remplissage par du ciment de l'espace annulaire situé entre le cuvelage du puits d'extraction et la roche environnante, ou encore par le vieillissement du ciment. Or ces deux facteurs entraînent des arrêts de production inopinés qui sont par nature imprévisibles si l'on n'assure pas une surveillance régulière de l'intégrité de cette gaine de ciment.The integrity of a well for extracting or storing a fluid such as a hydrocarbon or natural gas may be affected by the presence of voids when filling with cement the annular space between the casing of the casing. extraction pit and the surrounding rock, or by the aging of the cement. These two factors lead to unexpected production shutdowns that are inherently unpredictable if regular monitoring of the integrity of this cement cladding is not carried out.
Il est donc souhaitable de pouvoir contrôler de façon sûre et efficace l'intégrité de la gaine de ciment afin de pouvoir prévoir les arrêts de production et agir en conséquence pour minimiser les pertes de production liées à l'arrêt de l'exploitation.It is therefore desirable to be able to control in a safe and effective way the integrity of the cement sheath in order to be able to predict the stops of production and to act accordingly to minimize the production losses related to the stop of the exploitation.
Il existe des sondes et des procédés de sondage par diagraphie qui permettent un diagnostic ponctuel du puits. On constate ainsi l'état (fissuration ou défaut) du ciment et on peut repérer une cimentation de mauvaise qualité (remplissage de l'espace annulaire incomplet). Un inconvénient majeur de cette méthode est qu'elle est intrusive et nécessite l'arrêt de production, car la sonde doit être introduite à l'intérieur du cuvelage, ce qui nécessite le retrait de la colonne de production.There are sounding probes and logging methods that allow for spot diagnosis of the well. This shows the state (cracking or defect) of the cement and we can spot a cementation of poor quality (incomplete filling of the annular space). A major disadvantage of this method is that it is intrusive and requires production stoppage, because the probe must be introduced inside the casing, which requires the withdrawal of the production column.
On connaît également des mesures indirectes de détection de fuite, telles qu'une analyse des fluides ou une analyse de pression extérieure au puits par exemple. Toutes ces méthodes indirectes permettent de confirmer un problème, mais pas de l'anticiper.Indirect leak detection measures are also known, such as a fluid analysis or a well outside pressure analysis, for example. All these indirect methods make it possible to confirm a problem, but not to anticipate it.
Ainsi, la diagraphie et les mesures indirectes ne permettent pas de faire un suivi du ciment sur le long terme, ni un contrôle de la cimentation et donc de disposer d'un procédé pour anticiper les arrêts de production.Thus, logging and indirect measurements do not make it possible to follow up the cement in the long term, nor to control the cementation and therefore to have a process to anticipate the stops of production.
On a également déjà proposé de disperser des capteurs dans la gaine de ciment interposée entre le cuvelage d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage de fluide et la formation rocheuse au travers de laquelle s'étend le puits, afin de contrôler l'intégrité de la gaine de ciment et surveiller son vieillissement. Toutefois, cette façon de faire ne permet pas de garantir que la répartition des capteurs s'effectue de façon homogène au sein de la gaine de ciment. Par ailleurs, la taille nanométrique des capteurs noyés requise pour l'incorporation des capteurs dans le ciment ne permet pas une alimentation énergétique et une communication entre les capteurs autonomes et non filaires requises pour leur fonctionnement.It has also been proposed to disperse sensors in the cement sheath interposed between the casing of a fluid extraction or storage well and the rock formation through which the well extends, in order to control the integrity. the cement sheath and monitor its aging. However, this way of doing things does not make it possible to guarantee that the distribution of the sensors takes place homogeneously within the cement sheath. Furthermore, the nanoscale size of the embedded sensors required for the incorporation of the sensors in the cement does not allow an energy supply and a communication between the autonomous and non-wired sensors required for their operation.
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La présente invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients précités et à permettre de pouvoir contrôler de façon sûre et efficace le juste placement et l'intégrité de la gaine de ciment située entre un cuvelage et une formation rocheuse, afin de pouvoir prévoir les arrêts de production du puits d'extraction ou de stockage de fluide et agir en conséquence pour minimiser les pertes de production liées à l'arrêt de l'exploitation.The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to allow to safely and effectively control the fair placement and integrity of the cement sheath located between a casing and a rock formation, in order to be able to predict production shutdowns. extraction or fluid storage well and act accordingly to minimize production losses related to the shutdown of the operation.
Ces buts sont atteints conformément à l'invention grâce à un système d'exploitation et de surveillance d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide à exploiter tel qu'un hydrocarbure, de l'eau géothermique, du dioxyde de carbone ou du gaz naturel, comprenant une colonne de production dans laquelle circule ledit fluide à exploiter, un cuvelage de protection disposé autour de la colonne de production via un fluide annulaire et une gaine de ciment interposée entre le cuvelage et une formation rocheuse au travers de laquelle s'étend le puits, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend à l'extérieur du cuvelage, entre celui-ci et la gaine de ciment, une série d'unités électroniques réparties dans des positions prédéterminées dans une succession de plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage et espacés axialement le long du cuvelage, chaque unité électronique comprenant un moyen de communication de l'unité électronique avec une autre unité électronique ou un terminal de surface, une unité d'alimentation énergétique de l'unité électronique et au moins l'un des éléments suivants : a) une unité de détection comprenant au moins un capteur de grandeur physique ou chimique, et b) une unité de traitement des signaux, et en ce qu'au moins une unité électronique est agencée en unité de relais dans laquelle les moyens de communication comprennent des moyens de réception des signaux émis par des unités électroniques environnantes et des moyens d'émission des signaux reçus des unités électroniques environnantes et amplifiés par une unité de traitement des signaux.These objects are achieved according to the invention by means of a system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be exploited such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon or natural gas, comprising a production column in which circulates said fluid to be operated, a protective casing disposed around the production column via an annular fluid and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through which extends the well, characterized in that it comprises outside the casing, between the latter and the cement sheath, a series of electronic units distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing and spaced axially along the casing, each electronic unit comprising a communication means of the electronic unit with another electronic unit or a surf terminal. this, an energy supply unit of the electronic unit and at least one of the following: a) a detection unit comprising at least one physical or chemical magnitude sensor, and b) a signal processing unit, and in that at least one electronic unit is arranged in a relay unit in which the communication means comprise means for receiving signals emitted by surrounding electronic units and means for transmitting the signals received from the surrounding and amplified electronic units by a signal processing unit.
Chaque unité de détection peut comprendre un capteur correspondant à la mesure d'un seul type de grandeur physique ou chimique.Each detection unit may comprise a sensor corresponding to the measurement of a single type of physical or chemical quantity.
Toutefois, selon une variante de réalisation, chaque unité de détection comprend un ensemble de plusieurs capteurs correspondant à la mesure de plusieurs grandeurs physiques ou chimiques différentes.However, according to an alternative embodiment, each detection unit comprises a set of several sensors corresponding to the measurement of several different physical or chemical quantities.
Les capteurs autonomes permettant une mesure de grandeur physique ou chimique dans le volume de la gaine de ciment en vue de contrôler son intégrité peuvent comprendre notamment des capteurs ultrasons, des capteurs radars et/ou des capteurs terahertz, et à titre complémentaire des capteurs de température et/ou des capteurs de contrainte.Autonomous sensors for measuring physical or chemical magnitude in the volume of the cement sheath to control its integrity may include ultrasonic sensors, radar sensors and / or terahertz sensors, and complementary temperature sensors and / or stress sensors.
Selon les applications envisagées, entre une et huit unités électroniques sont réparties autour du cuvelage dans un même plan perpendiculaire audit cuvelage.Depending on the applications envisaged, between one and eight electronic units are distributed around the casing in the same plane perpendicular to said casing.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier préférentiel, le moyen de communication comprend des moyens de communication sans fil, telles que des ondes radio, des ondes électromagnétiques, des ondes acoustiques ou des courants de surface.According to a particular preferred embodiment, the communication means comprises wireless communication means, such as radio waves, electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves or surface currents.
Des moyens de radio communication pour une remontée d'information par radio fréquence dans la gaine cimentaire utilisent de préférence une fréquence comprise entre 169MHz et 2,4GHz. Ceci permet de concilier une taille d'antenne raisonnable (centimétrique) et une portée suffisante (de l'ordre d'une dizaine de mètres).Radio communication means for a feedback of radio frequency information in the cementitious sheath preferably use a frequency between 169 MHz and 2.4 GHz. This makes it possible to reconcile a reasonable antenna size (centimetric) and a sufficient range (of the order of ten meters).
Selon un autre mode de réalisation possible, le moyen de communication comprend des moyens de communication filaire.According to another possible embodiment, the communication means comprises wired communication means.
Les unités électroniques peuvent être fixées directement sur le cuvelage, par une liaison mécanique telle que le collage, le brasage ou le soudage.The electronic units can be fixed directly on the casing, by a mechanical connection such as gluing, brazing or welding.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les unités électroniques sont mises en contact direct avec le cuvelage, les unités électroniques et le cuvelage étant ensuite recouverts par une couche protectrice de polymère destinée à protéger les unités électroniques et le cuvelage et à assurer le maintien des unités électroniques sur le cuvelage.According to a particular embodiment, the electronic units are brought into direct contact with the casing, the electronic units and the casing being then covered by a protective layer of polymer intended to protect the electronic units and the casing and to ensure the maintenance of the units. electronics on the casing.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les unités électroniques sont disposées sur une bande continue collée sur une génératrice du cuvelage et en contact avec la gaine de ciment.According to another embodiment, the electronic units are arranged on a continuous strip bonded to a generatrix of the casing and in contact with the cement sheath.
L'invention permet de disposer des capteurs à des emplacements très précis le long du cuvelage.The invention makes it possible to have the sensors at very precise locations along the casing.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une première série d'unités électroniques d'un premier type est disposée selon des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage espacés axialement selon une première maille large, tandis qu'une deuxième série d'unités électroniques d'un deuxième type est disposée selon des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage espacés axialement selon une deuxième maille plus étroite.According to one embodiment, a first series of electronic units of a first type is arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing spaced axially in a first wide mesh, while a second series of electronic units of a second type is arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing spaced axially in a second narrower mesh.
A titre d'exemple, les unités électroniques comprenant au moins une unité de détection sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage espacés axialement entre eux de 10 cm à 10 m.For example, the electronic units comprising at least one detection unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing axially spaced between them from 10 cm to 10 m.
Les unités électroniques ne comprenant pas au moins une unité de détection peuvent être disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage espacés axialement entre eux de 5 à 100 m.Electronic units not comprising at least one detection unit may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing axially spaced between them from 5 to 100 m.
L'invention concerne en particulier un système dans lequel les unités de détection comprennent au moins un capteur choisi parmi des capteurs de température, de pression, de contrainte, d'intégrité, tels que des capteurs de densité ou de présence de matière, ou d'environnement chimique, tel que la présence d'eau ou de soufre.The invention particularly relates to a system in which the detection units comprise at least one sensor selected from temperature, pressure, stress, integrity sensors, such as density or material presence sensors, or chemical environment, such as the presence of water or sulfur.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, les unités électroniques ont une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 20mm.According to a particular embodiment, the electronic units have a thickness of between 1 and 20 mm.
L'unité d'alimentation énergétique des unités électroniques comprend des moyens de stockage d'énergie électrique, tels qu'une batterie ou une super-capacité.The energy supply unit of the electronic units comprises means for storing electrical energy, such as a battery or a super-capacitor.
Il est possible d'utiliser notamment des piles haute température, telles que des piles lithium à cathode solide d'une capacité de l'ordre de 10 à 50 Wattheures en fonction du protocole de transmission d'information retenu ou encore un système de micropiles à combustible.It is possible to use in particular high temperature batteries, such as solid cathode lithium batteries with a capacity of the order of 10 to 50 Watt hours depending on the information transmission protocol retained or a system of micropiles to combustible.
L'unité d'alimentation énergétique des unités électroniques peut également comprendre des moyens de collecte d'énergie, tels que la transmission électromagnétique le long du cuvelage ou la récolte d'énergie mécanique ou thermique, au moyen de transducteurs magnéto-inductifs, piézoélectriques ou Seebeck.The energy supply unit of the electronic units may also comprise energy collection means, such as electromagnetic transmission along the casing or the collection of mechanical or thermal energy, by means of magneto-inductive, piezoelectric or magnetic transducers. Seebeck.
Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation particulier, au moins une unité électronique agencée en unité de relais récupère de l'énergie dans le milieu ambiant pour alimenter au moins une unité de détection comprenant au moins un capteur de grandeur physique ou chimique et/ou au moins une unité de traitement des signaux. Des apports d'énergie peuvent ainsi être obtenus notamment en récoltant l'énergie thermique dans le puits en utilisant le gradient de température entre le milieu environnant et le fluide en exploitation.Thus, according to a particular embodiment, at least one electronic unit arranged in relay unit recovers energy in the environment to supply at least one detection unit comprising at least one physical or chemical magnitude sensor and / or least one signal processing unit. Energy contributions can thus be obtained in particular by collecting the heat energy in the well by using the temperature gradient between the surrounding medium and the operating fluid.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication du cuvelage d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide à exploiter, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à :
- Fournir un ensemble d'éléments de cuvelage ;
- Fixer sur chaque élément de cuvelage avant leur insertion dans le puits d'extraction une série d'unités électroniques réparties dans des positions prédéterminées dans une succession de plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage et espacés axialement le long du cuvelage, chaque unité électronique comprenant un moyen de communication de l'unité électronique avec une autre unité électronique ou un terminal de surface, une unité d'alimentation énergétique de l'unité électronique et au moins l'un des éléments suivants : a) une unité de détection comprenant au moins un capteur de grandeur physique ou chimique et b) une unité de traitement des signaux, au moins une unité électronique étant agencée en unité de relais dans laquelle les moyens de communication comprennent des moyens de réception des signaux émis par des unités électroniques environnantes et des moyens d'émission des signaux reçus des unités électroniques environnantes et transformés par une unité de traitement des signaux ; et
- Fixer bout à bout les éléments de cuvelage pour former le cuvelage.
- Provide a set of casing elements;
- Fixing on each casing element before insertion into the extraction well a series of electronic units distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing and spaced axially along the casing, each electronic unit comprising a communication means the electronic unit with another electronic unit or a surface terminal, an energy supply unit of the electronic unit and at least one of the following: a) a detection unit comprising at least one magnitude sensor physical or chemical and b) a signal processing unit, at least one electronic unit being arranged in a relay unit in which the communication means comprise means for receiving the signals emitted by surrounding electronic units and means for transmitting signals. signals received from surrounding electronic units and transformed by a unit signal processing; and
- Fix the casing elements end to end to form the casing.
Selon ce procédé de fabrication du cuvelage d'un puits d'extraction, l'étape de fixation des unités électroniques sur le cuvelage est effectuée sur une génératrice de l'élément de cuvelage par collage, brasage ou soudage et les unités électroniques sont recouvertes par une couche protectrice en polymère.According to this method of manufacturing the casing of an extraction well, the step of fixing the electronic units on the casing is performed on a generatrix of the casing element by gluing, soldering or welding and the electronic units are covered by a protective layer of polymer.
L'invention concerne également un procédé d'exploitation et de surveillance d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide à exploiter, tel qu'un hydrocarbure, de l'eau géothermique, du dioxyde de carbone ou du gaz naturel, comprenant les étapes consistant à réaliser un forage dans une formation géologique, disposer dans le forage un cuvelage de protection et interposer une gaine de ciment entre le cuvelage et la formation géologique, caractérisé en ce que le cuvelage est réalisé selon le procédé de fabrication défini ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a method for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing a fluid to be exploited, such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide or natural gas , comprising the steps of drilling in a geological formation, disposing in the bore a protective casing and interposing a cement sheath between the casing and the geological formation, characterized in that the casing is made according to the manufacturing method defined above.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante des modes particuliers de réalisation donnés à titre d'exemples, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'un puits équipé d'un système d'exploitation et de surveillance selon l'invention; - la
figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de lafigure 1 ; et - la
figure 3 est un schéma-bloc illustrant les composants essentiels d'un exemple d'unité électronique pouvant être mise en oeuvre dans le système d'exploitation et de surveillance selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a diagrammatic view in vertical section of a well equipped with an operating and monitoring system according to the invention; - the
figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of thefigure 1 ; and - the
figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the essential components of an example of an electronic unit that can be implemented in the operating and monitoring system according to the invention.
La
On voit sur la
Comme illustré schématiquement sur la
- a) une unité de détection comprenant au moins un capteur 11 de grandeur physique ou chimique, et
- b) une unité de traitement des signaux 12.
- a) a detection unit comprising at least one
sensor 11 of physical or chemical magnitude, and - (b) a signal processing unit 12.
Une unité électronique 110 comprenant uniquement une unité de détection conforme au point a) est ainsi une unité autonome agencée pour relever au moins une grandeur physique ou chimique et transmettre ce relevé soit à une autre unité électronique 110 qui servira de relais pour ce relevé soit à un terminal de surface 100 qui assurera la collecte et l'analyse des données relevées.An
Une unité électronique comprenant uniquement une unité de traitement 12 conforme au point b) est ainsi un relais agencé pour recevoir des données d'autres unités électroniques 110, notamment des capteurs de grandeur physique ou chimique, et les transmettre soit à une autre unité électronique 110 qui servira également de relais, soit au terminal de surface 100. L'unité 12 de traitement des signaux permet un filtrage et une transformation des signaux reçus afin de préserver la qualité du signal transmis. Une telle unité électronique 110 comprend également des moyens de réception des signaux, telle qu'une antenne adaptée aux signaux. Pour plus de clarté, l'unité électronique 110 permettant le relais des signaux sera désignée par unité de relais.An electronic unit comprising only a processing unit 12 according to item b) is thus a relay arranged to receive data from other
Les unités électroniques 110 peuvent être agencées pour comprendre une unité de détection avec capteur 11 et une unité 12 de traitement des signaux afin de cumuler les fonctions de relais et de mesure des grandeurs physiques ou chimiques, comme illustré sur la
Chaque unité de détection peut comprendre soit un capteur 11 correspondant à un seul type de grandeur physique ou chimique, soit un ensemble de plusieurs capteurs 11 de grandeurs physiques ou chimiques différentes.Each detection unit may comprise either a
On a représenté sur la
Le moyen de communication 14 associé aux unités électroniques 110 peut comprendre des moyens de communication sans fil, telles que des ondes radio, des ondes acoustiques, des ondes électromagnétiques ou des courants de surface ou, selon un autre mode de réalisation, peut comprendre des moyens de communication filaire.The communication means 14 associated with the
Des moyens de radio communication pour une remontée d'information par radio fréquence dans la gaine cimentaire utilisent de préférence une fréquence comprise entre 169MHz et 2,4GHz. Ceci permet de concilier une taille d'antenne raisonnable (centimétrique) et une portée suffisante (de l'ordre d'une dizaine de mètres).Radio communication means for a feedback of radio frequency information in the cementitious sheath preferably use a frequency between 169 MHz and 2.4 GHz. This makes it possible to reconcile a reasonable antenna size (centimetric) and a sufficient range (of the order of ten meters).
Les unités électroniques 110 peuvent être fixées directement sur le cuvelage 60 ou être disposées sur une bande continue 61 collée sur une génératrice du cuvelage 60 et en contact avec la gaine de ciment 30. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les capteurs sont fixés sur une ceinture métallique qui est ensuite fermée et serrée autour du cuvelage 60.The
Les unités électroniques 110 peuvent comprendre des moyens de transmission 12 adaptés pour transmettre des signaux de mesure de proche en proche vers une base 100 située à la surface du sol.The
Les unités électroniques 110 peuvent être fixées par collage sur le cuvelage 60 ou un support souple entourant le cuvelage 60.The
Dans le cas où le cuvelage 60 est en acier, les unités électroniques 110 peuvent également être fixées par brasage ou soudage sur le cuvelage 60.In the case where the
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les unités électroniques 110 sont mises en contact direct avec le cuvelage 60, les unités électroniques 110 et le cuvelage 60 étant ensuite recouverts par une couche protectrice en polymère 61 destinée à protéger les unités électroniques et le cuvelage lors du cintrage et du conditionnement du cuvelage et lors des manipulations avant et pendant la pose du cuvelage et aussi à assurer le maintien des unités électroniques 110 sur le cuvelage 60.According to a preferred embodiment, the
Les unités électroniques 110 comprennent typiquement des microcomposants pour réduire la taille de l'unité électronique. Ainsi, les unités électroniques 110 ont une épaisseur typique comprise entre 1 et 20 mm. Les unités électroniques 110 peuvent ainsi être recouvertes par la couche protectrice en polymère 61.
Toutefois, l'intégration de certains composants, comme une batterie par exemple, peut conduire à des unités électroniques 110 plus épaisses, par exemple avec une épaisseur allant jusqu'à 50mm. Dans ce cas, le cuvelage 60 comprendra des logements de taille et de profondeur correspondant aux unités électroniques 110 afin que ces dernières soient noyées dans le cuvelage avant l'application de la couche protectrice en polymère 61.However, the integration of certain components, such as a battery for example, can lead to
Selon une configuration avantageuse, mais non exclusive, une première série d'unités électroniques 110 comprenant chacune un élément de détection 11 d'un premier type de grandeur physique ou chimique sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement selon une première maille large de longueur L1 et sont référencées sur la
Dans ce cas, une deuxième série d'unités électroniques 110 comprenant chacune un élément de détection 11 d'un deuxième type de grandeur physique ou chimique sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement selon une deuxième maille plus étroite de longueur L2, sur au moins une partie de la hauteur du cuvelage 60 et sont référencées sur la
Les unités électroniques 110 peuvent être disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement entre eux par exemple de 10 cm à 100 m, mais d'autres plages de valeurs sont possibles en fonction des applications.The
Avantageusement, les unités électroniques 110 comprenant au moins une unité de détection sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement entre eux de 10 cm à 10 m afin de créer un maillage de capteur apte à détecter les modifications dans la gaine de ciment 30. En outre, le maillage des capteurs 11 peut être modulé suivant les couches géologiques rencontrées. Ainsi, le maillage des capteurs de température ou de pression peut être adapté à la profondeur de forage, le maillage se densifiant avec la profondeur du forage.Advantageously, the
De manière similaire, les unités électroniques 110 ne comprenant pas au moins une unité de détection, notamment les unités de relais sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement entre eux de 5 à 100 m, c'est-à-dire suivant une maille plus large, mais suffisante pour permettre la communication entre les unités électroniques 110.Similarly, the
Plus généralement, selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, chaque capteur 11 est disposé selon un maillage propre, les unités de relais étant disposées pour que chaque capteur 11 puisse transmettre ses données vers le terminal de surface 100. Lorsque cela est possible, les capteurs et/ou relais sont regroupés en une unité électronique 110 afin de faciliter la mise en oeuvre.More generally, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, each
Les unités de détection comprennent au moins un capteur 11 choisi parmi des capteurs de grandeurs physiques : température, pression, contrainte, intégrité, tel que densité ou présence de matière afin de détecter des manques de ciment, environnement chimique, tel que présence d'eau ou de soufre, afin de détecter des infiltrations d'eau ou d'éléments pouvant affecter le cuvelage 60.The detection units comprise at least one
A titre d'exemple, les unités électroniques 113, 114 et 116, 117 peuvent comprendre une première série d'unités de détection comprenant chacune un capteur de pression et les unités électroniques 111, 112, 115, 116 et 118 peuvent comprendre une deuxième série d'unités de détection comprenant chacune un capteur de température.By way of example, the
Dans ce cas, les unités électroniques 113, 114 et 116, 117 de la première série peuvent être disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement entre eux d'une longueur L2 comprise entre 50 et 150 cm et les unités électroniques 111, 112, 115, 116 et 118 de la deuxième série peuvent être disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 espacés axialement entre eux d'une longueur L1 comprise entre 5 et 15 m.In this case, the
Selon une caractéristique particulière, les unités de détection des unités électroniques 110 sont alimentées en énergie électrique par des moyens de collecte tels que la transmission électromagnétique le long du cuvelage 60. L'alimentation électrique peut également être réalisée par récolte d'énergie mécanique et thermique par exemple au moyen de transducteurs magnéto-inductifs, piézoélectriques ou à effet Seebeck.According to a particular characteristic, the detection units of the
Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation particulier, au moins une unité électronique agencée en unité de relais récupère de l'énergie dans le milieu ambiant pour alimenter au moins une unité de détection comprenant au moins un capteur de grandeur physique ou chimique et/ou au moins une unité de traitement des signaux. Des apports d'énergie peuvent ainsi être obtenus notamment en récoltant l'énergie thermique dans le puits en utilisant le gradient de température entre le milieu environnant et le fluide en exploitation.Thus, according to a particular embodiment, at least one electronic unit arranged in relay unit recovers energy in the environment to supply at least one detection unit comprising at least one physical or chemical magnitude sensor and / or least one signal processing unit. Energy contributions can thus be obtained in particular by harvesting energy in the well using the temperature gradient between the surrounding medium and the operating fluid.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les unités électroniques 110 comprennent chacune une batterie autonome ou des condensateurs d'alimentation électrique qui constituent la source d'énergie 13.According to another embodiment, the
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication du cuvelage 60 d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage d'un fluide à exploiter, consistant à :
- Fournir un ensemble d'éléments de cuvelage ;
- Fixer sur chaque élément de cuvelage, avant leur insertion dans le puits d'extraction, une série d'unités électroniques 110 réparties dans des positions prédéterminées dans une succession de plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 et espacés axialement le long du cuvelage 60, chaque unité électronique 110 comprenant un moyen 14 de communication de l'unité électronique 110 avec une autre unité électronique 110 ou un terminal de
surface 100, une unité 13 d'alimentation énergétique de l'unité électronique 110 et au moins l'un des éléments suivants : a) une unité de détection comprenant au moins un capteur 11 de grandeur physique ou chimique et b) une unité (12) de traitement des signaux ; et - Fixer bout à bout les éléments de cuvelage pour former le cuvelage.
- Provide a set of casing elements;
- Fixing on each casing element, before insertion into the extraction well, a series of
electronic units 110 distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to thecasing 60 and spaced axially along thecasing 60, eachelectronic unit 110 comprising means 14 for communicating theelectronic unit 110 with anotherelectronic unit 110 or asurface terminal 100, anenergy supply unit 13 of theelectronic unit 110 and at least one of the following elements: a ) a detection unit comprising at least one physical orchemical magnitude sensor 11 and b) a signal processing unit (12); and - Fix the casing elements end to end to form the casing.
Les éléments de cuvelage sont des tubes, généralement en acier de 10 m de longueur par exemple et qui sont produits en usine, le cuvelage complet étant donc obtenu par exemple par vissage bout à bout de ces différents éléments. Selon l'invention, ces éléments de cuvelage sont équipés en usine d'unités électroniques 110 telles que définies plus haut. Les éléments de cuvelage sont ensuite assemblés lors de la réalisation du puits d'extraction.The casing elements are tubes, generally made of steel of 10 m length for example and which are produced in the factory, the complete casing being thus obtained for example by butt-screwing these different elements. According to the invention, these casing elements are equipped at the factory with
Plus précisément, selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les unités électroniques 110 sont disposées sur le cuvelage 60 par un collage temporaire. Puis le cuvelage 60 et les unités électroniques 110 sont recouvertes par une couche protectrice en polymère 61 qui fixe les unités électroniques 110 sur le cuvelage 60. Cette couche 61 est choisie pour permettre la mise en oeuvre des capteurs 11 tout en permettant la fixation des unités électroniques 110 sur le cuvelage 60.More specifically, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
Ce procédé comprend en outre les étapes consistant à installer à l'extérieur du cuvelage 60, entre celui-ci et la gaine de ciment 30, une série d'unités électroniques 110, comprenant des unités de détection et/ou des unités de relais, réparties dans des positions prédéterminées dans une succession de plans perpendiculaires au cuvelage 60 et espacés axialement le long du cuvelage 60. Chaque unité de détection comprend au moins un capteur 11 de grandeur physique ou chimique, un moyen 14 de communication des signaux issus du capteur 11, une unité 13 d'alimentation énergétique et le cas échéant une unité 12 de traitement des signaux issus du capteur 11. Chaque unité de relais comprend un moyen 14 de transmission de signaux, une unité 13 d'alimentation énergétique et le cas échéant une unité 12 de traitement des signaux relayés. La
Claims (21)
- A system for operating and monitoring an extraction or storage well for an operating fluid such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide, or natural gas, the well comprising a production column (20) in which said operating fluid flows, a protective casing (60) arranged around the production column (20) via an annulus fluid (25), and a cement sheath (30) interposed between the casing (60) and a rock formation (70) through which the well extends, the system being characterized in that it comprises, outside the casing (60), between the casing and the cement sheath (30), a series of electronic units (110) distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing (60) and spaced apart axially along the casing (60), each electronic unit (110) comprising communication means (14) enabling the electronic unit to communicate with another electronic unit (110) or with a surface terminal (100), a power supply unit (13) of the electronic unit (110), and at least one of the following elements: a) a detector unit comprising at least one sensor (11) for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, and b) a signal processor unit (12), and in that at least one electronic unit (110) is arranged as a relay unit in which the communication means (14) include means for receiving signals transmitted by surrounding electronic units (110) and means for transmitting signals received from the surrounding electronic units (110) and transformed by a signal processor unit (12).
- A system according to claim 1, characterized in that each detector unit comprises a sensor (11) corresponding to measuring a single type of physical or chemical magnitude.
- A system according to claim 1, characterized in that each detector unit comprises a set of a plurality of sensors (11) corresponding to measuring a plurality of different physical or chemical magnitudes.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one to eight electronic units (110) are distributed around the casing (60) in a common plane perpendicular to said casing (60).
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said communication means (14) comprises wireless communication means, such as radiowaves, electromagnetic waves, soundwaves, or surface currents.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said communication means (14) comprise wired communication means.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electronic units (110) are fastened directly on the casing (60) by a mechanical connection, such as adhesive, soldering, or welding.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further includes a protective polymer layer (61) for protecting the electronic units (110) and the casing (60) and for ensuring that the electronic units (110) are held on the casing (60).
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electronic units (110) are arranged on a continuous strip that is adhesively bonded on a generator line of the casing (60) and that is in contact with the cement sheath (30).
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a first series of electronic units (111, 112, 115, 116, 118) of a first type is arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing (60) that are spaced apart axially at a large first mesh (L1), and a second series of electronic units (113, 114, 116, 117) of a second is arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing (60) that are spaced apart axially in a smaller second mesh (L2).
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the electronic units (110) including at least one detector unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing (60) that are spaced apart axially from one another by 10 cm to 10 m.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the electronic units (110) not including a detector unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing (60) that are spaced apart axially from one another by 5 m to 100 m.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the detector units include at least one sensor (11) selected from sensors of temperature, pressure, strain, or integrity, such as a sensor for sensing density, the presence of material, or the chemical environment, such as the presence of water or sulfur.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the electronic units (110) have thickness lying in the range 1 mm to 20 mm.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the power supply unit (13) of each electronic unit (110) comprises electrical energy storage means, such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the power supply unit (13) of each electronic unit (110) comprises means for receiving energy, such as electromagnetic energy transmitted along the casing (60) or mechanical or thermal energy collected by means of magneto-inductive, piezoelectric, or Seebeck transducers.
- A system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one electronic unit (110) arranged as a relay unit recovers energy from the surrounding medium in order to power said at least tone detector unit comprising at least one sensor (11) for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude and/or said at least one signal processor unit (12).
- A fabrication method for fabricating the casing of a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid, the method being characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in:• providing a set of casing elements;• prior to inserting each casing element in the extraction well, fastening thereon a series of electronic units (110) distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing (60) and spaced apart axially along the casing (60), each electronic unit (110) comprising communication means (14) enabling the electronic unit to communicate with another electronic unit (110) or with a surface terminal (100), a power supply unit (13) of the electronic unit (110), and at least one of the following elements: a) a detector unit comprising at least one sensor (11) for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, and b) a signal processor unit (12), at least one electronic unit (110) being arranged as a relay unit in which the communication means (14) include means for receiving signals transmitted by surrounding electronic units (110) and means for transmitting signals received from the surrounding electronic units (110) and transformed by a signal processor unit (12); and• fastening the casing elements together end-to-end to form the casing.
- A fabrication method according to claim 18, characterized in that the electronic units (110) are fastened on a generator line of the casing element by adhesive, soldering, or welding.
- A fabrication method according to claim 18 or claim 19, characterized in that the electronic units are covered by a protective polymer layer.
- A method of operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide, or natural gas, the method comprising the steps consisting in making a borehole in a geological formation, arranging a protective casing (60) in the borehole, and interposing a sheath of cement (30) between the casing (60) and the geological formation, the method being characterized in that the casing (60) is made in accordance with any one of claims 18 to 20.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL15733792T PL3152396T3 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-06-03 | Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1455078A FR3021992B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2014-06-04 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING AND MONITORING A FLUID EXTRACTION OR STORAGE WELL |
PCT/FR2015/051469 WO2015185859A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-06-03 | Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid |
Publications (2)
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EP3152396A1 EP3152396A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
EP3152396B1 true EP3152396B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
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EP15733792.4A Active EP3152396B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-06-03 | Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid |
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US (1) | US20170096888A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3152396B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2015270330A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016028339B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2950627A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3021992B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3152396T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2704416C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015185859A1 (en) |
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WO2015051222A1 (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-09 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | System and methodology for monitoring in a borehole |
CN110905403B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 | Construction method of large-diameter groundwater environment monitoring well |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1110808A (en) * | 1965-02-23 | 1968-04-24 | Halliburton Co | Method of locating cement tops |
US6125935A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 2000-10-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method for monitoring well cementing operations |
GB2340520B (en) * | 1998-08-15 | 2000-11-01 | Schlumberger Ltd | Data acquisition apparatus |
US6408943B1 (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-06-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method and apparatus for placing and interrogating downhole sensors |
US7168487B2 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2007-01-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods, apparatus, and systems for obtaining formation information utilizing sensors attached to a casing in a wellbore |
US7455106B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2008-11-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Polymer protective coated polymeric components for oilfield applications |
GB0900446D0 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2009-02-11 | Sensor Developments As | Method and apparatus for in-situ wellbore measurements |
WO2011017415A2 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | Shell Oil Company | Systems and methods for monitoring cement quality in a well |
US20130199798A1 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Temporary protective cover for operative devices |
WO2013142484A2 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Apparatus and method for remotely determining the structural intergrity of a well or similar structure |
-
2014
- 2014-06-04 FR FR1455078A patent/FR3021992B1/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-03 CA CA2950627A patent/CA2950627A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-03 WO PCT/FR2015/051469 patent/WO2015185859A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-06-03 EP EP15733792.4A patent/EP3152396B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-03 RU RU2016151426A patent/RU2704416C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-06-03 AU AU2015270330A patent/AU2015270330A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-03 PL PL15733792T patent/PL3152396T3/en unknown
- 2015-06-03 US US15/315,872 patent/US20170096888A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-03 BR BR112016028339-2A patent/BR112016028339B1/en active IP Right Grant
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PL3152396T3 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
RU2704416C2 (en) | 2019-10-28 |
EP3152396A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
FR3021992B1 (en) | 2019-08-16 |
US20170096888A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
RU2016151426A (en) | 2018-07-10 |
FR3021992A1 (en) | 2015-12-11 |
AU2015270330A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
BR112016028339A2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
BR112016028339B1 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
WO2015185859A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
CA2950627A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
RU2016151426A3 (en) | 2018-11-09 |
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