EP3142931A1 - Récipient en film souple et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Récipient en film souple et procédé de fabrication

Info

Publication number
EP3142931A1
EP3142931A1 EP15792753.4A EP15792753A EP3142931A1 EP 3142931 A1 EP3142931 A1 EP 3142931A1 EP 15792753 A EP15792753 A EP 15792753A EP 3142931 A1 EP3142931 A1 EP 3142931A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
flexible film
support columns
web
support column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP15792753.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3142931A4 (fr
Inventor
Rolland Lorbach
Sandra K. HAND
Stuart Michael RUAN JONES
Sheryl S. Brunken
Anthony D. Gaylor
Thomas Miller
Philip Russell FAWCUS
Steven Jonathan CLARKE
Adrian MORDUE
Donald Scott PEEBLES
Scott Fedor
David Richard Stonehouse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Mills Inc
Hershey Co
Original Assignee
General Mills Inc
Hershey Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Mills Inc, Hershey Co filed Critical General Mills Inc
Publication of EP3142931A1 publication Critical patent/EP3142931A1/fr
Publication of EP3142931A4 publication Critical patent/EP3142931A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
    • B65D11/20—Details of walls made of plastics material
    • B65D11/22—Reinforcing for strengthening parts of members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/02—Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B43/00—Forming, feeding, opening or setting-up containers or receptacles in association with packaging
    • B65B43/08—Forming three-dimensional containers from sheet material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B65B51/225—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding by ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B65/00—Details peculiar to packaging machines and not otherwise provided for; Arrangements of such details
    • B65B65/003—Packaging lines, e.g. general layout
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
    • B65D11/10—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material of polygonal cross-section and all parts being permanently connected to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/28—Handles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D37/00—Portable flexible containers not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/02—Removable lids or covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/32—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with means for venting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/008—Standing pouches, i.e. "Standbeutel"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
    • B65D81/20—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
    • B65D81/3446—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2105/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by assembling separate sheets, blanks or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2110/00—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B31B2110/30—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a polygonal cross section
    • B31B2110/35—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a polygonal cross section rectangular, e.g. square
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2120/00—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B31B2120/10—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers provided with covers, e.g. lids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2120/00—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B31B2120/502—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers having integral corner posts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2220/00—Specific aspects of the packaging operation
    • B65B2220/16—Packaging contents into primary and secondary packaging
    • B65B2220/20—Packaging contents into primary and secondary packaging the primary packaging being bags, the secondary packaging being further bags, the primary bags being either finished or formed concurrently with the secondary bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2230/00—Aspects of the final package
    • B65B2230/02—Containers having separate compartments isolated from one another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • B65B7/2842—Securing closures on containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2525/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2525/28—Handles
    • B65D2525/281—Details relating to handles
    • B65D2525/283—Details relating to handles combined with container closing means, e.g. stopper

Definitions

  • This application is directed to flexible film containers and processes of manufacturing that include using flexible films. More particularly, this application relates to flexible films and containers having support columns and processes for manufacturing such flexible films and containers.
  • a known process includes making containers that include pleats, which are folds in a film. Including pleats on the interior portions of a container with walls formed by a flexible film can increase strength and/or permit better display of packages than pillow packs.
  • further improvements to strength and ability to display packages remain desirable, for example, to permit higher stacking of containers, to permit heavier contents to be placed in containers, and/or for larger walls capable of displaying more information.
  • a container comprises a container base and a flexible film attached to the container base forming a container wall and defining a packing region within the container.
  • the container wall has at least one tubular support column integrally formed therein.
  • a manufacturing process comprises providing a web of flexible film, forming tubular support columns in the web of flexible film and forming a container from the web of flexible film containing the support columns.
  • films, processes, and containers include that which is shown and described herein.
  • Advantages that may be achieved with exemplary embodiments include providing films and containers that contain additional strength and/or rigidity, permit lower cost production of containers, permit increased visibility of graphics or other identifiable information on packaging, permit easier and quicker restocking in retail settings, permit easier and less costly transportation, and provide other advantages that will be evident from the present disclosure, or a combination thereof.
  • Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a flexible film within a film sheet having support columns for extending throughout the film sheet, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a flexible film having support columns, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a flexible film having support columns, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a container formed from a flexible film having support columns, according to the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 5-6 show perspective views of an embodiment of a container having a handle, according to the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 7-8 show perspective views of an embodiment of a container having pull-tabs, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a container cover having a bendable joint for an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a container cover having externally- protruding pull tabs for an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a perspective view of a container cover having a two-piece arrangement of a lower rectangular recessed portion and an upper substantially planar rectangular portion for an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a container cover having a two-piece arrangement of a lower rectangular open portion and an upper rectangular substantially planar portion for an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a container cover having a two-piece arrangement of a lower circular open portion and an upper circular substantially planar portion for an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 shows a container cover having a flap for an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a container with a container base and container cover positioned horizontally relative to a flexible film, according to the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 16-19 show perspective views of stacked containers, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 pictorially depicts an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a roll connected to a web-tensioning mechanism that leads to a web steering system for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of a first web guide, a column forming mechanism, and a second web guide for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of a column forming mechanism for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 24 shows a perspective view of a web spreading mechanism for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 25 shows a section of a flexible film sheet having a support column with a second portion and a first portion on opposite sides of a centerline through the flexible film, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of a column flattening mechanism for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 27 shows a perspective view of a tension maintaining device for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of a device that includes a first transformation mechanism, a tube welder, a second transformation mechanism, and a cutting mechanism for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 29 shows a perspective view of a welding system for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of a rotating weld head for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 31 shows a perspective view of an expanding corner anvil head for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 32 shows a perspective view of a nesting system for use in an embodiment of a manufacturing process, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 33 shows a diagrammatic view of loading of an embodiment of a container, according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 34 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of the column forming mechanism of FIG. 23.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates a support column in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure for example, in comparison to similar concepts failing to include one or more of the features disclosed herein, provide additional strength and/or rigidity, permit lower cost production of containers, permit increased visibility of graphics or other identifiable information on packaging, permit easier and quicker restocking in retail settings, permit easier and less costly transportation, provide other advantages that will be evident from the present disclosure, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a flexible film 101.
  • the flexible film 101 is shown within a film sheet 100 having a plurality of the flexible films 101 adjacently arranged for the manufacturing process, prior to cutting the plurality of the flexible films 101 to produce discrete arrangements of the flexible films 101.
  • the flexible film 101 permits increased strength, increased stackability, and easier display on a container 401 (see FIG. 4) including the flexible film 101.
  • the flexible film 101 includes wall portions 103 in a flexible film material 105 that are separated by support columns 107 in the flexible film material 105, the support columns being formed from the same web of flexible film as the container wall and thus being formed integral therewith.
  • the flexible film material 105 is any material that is generally capable of being used for packaging, with a general preference for two side sealable films.
  • the container 401, the flexible film 101, and/or the film sheet 100 include materials that are microwaveable or are not suitable for microwaving and that contain vents for the release of pressure or do not contain vents for the release of pressure.
  • Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, a single or multiple layer film, composite, or laminate, for example, including ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyalkene (polyolefin), polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), cellophane, bioplastic-based film, any suitable polymer, or a combination thereof as well as metalized film, paper, or any other materials or laminates employing such materials.
  • the film comprises an oriented and/or cast polypropylene (OPP and CPP, respectively).
  • film stiffness a factor that impacts the manufacture of the packaging, such as film stiffness. Films that are too stiff can result in large tension variations across a web of film during manufacture, as well as result in friction that can result in delamination or breakage.
  • the flexible films 101 typically used in exemplary embodiments have a Gurley stiffness in the range of 80 to 140 mg (as measured using a standard Gurley-type stiffness tester). Film thickness to achieve the desired stiffness may vary depending upon the particular composition(s) of the flexible film material, but can range, by way of example, up to about 100 microns or greater.
  • any suitable number of the support columns 107 providing desired strength is capable of being used.
  • three, four, five, or six of the support columns 107 are included in the flexible film 101.
  • the support columns 107 are ultrasonic ally welded into form during the production of the film sheet 100, for example, providing the increased strength for the container 401, permitting the flexible film 101 to be self-supported, with or without rigid supports being positioned in the container 401 and/or the flexible film 101. While one of the advantages of exemplary embodiments is the ability to provide a self-supported container without the use of rigid supports, they are not necessarily excluded and may be used in combination with the support columns 107. Exemplary embodiments achieve a force load measurement - without relying on container contents and/or rigid supports - that is two to eight times stronger than conventional flexible packages.
  • the support columns 107 are formed during the production of the film sheet 100 by adhesive, mechanical techniques, ultrasonic welding, cold seal, hot seal, or any other suitable technique of welding two or more surfaces to another. Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, the support columns 107 enclose a gas (such as, air or an inert gas), for example, providing the increased strength for the container 401 , permitting the flexible film 101 to be self-supported, with or without rigid supports being positioned in the container 401 and/or the flexible film 101.
  • a gas such as, air or an inert gas
  • any fluid material i.e., any flowable matter
  • the support columns 107 may be contained within the support columns 107, including a liquid, fine powder, etc.
  • exemplary embodiments permit a single web of flexible film to be used in making a multi-compartment container.
  • the support columns 107 are produced in a staggered, sequential, or periodic manner. For example, in an embodiment, with four of the support columns 107, one or two of the support columns 107 are formed at a time. The support columns 107 are formed while the film sheet 100 is static or as it moves.
  • the flexible film 101 includes the support columns 107 enclosing the gas.
  • the support columns 107 enclose the gas between flattened regions 109, for example, positioned along a direction 1 11 for cutting the film sheet 100 to discrete arrangements of the flexible film 101, which are capable of being used to produce the container 401.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show embodiments of the flexible film 101 as such discrete arrangements capable of being used to produce the container 401. It will be appreciated that for embodiments which use one or more support columns 107 to also used as a storage area to contain a food or other item, that the support column to be filled is typically not permanently flattened during processing and at least one end is left unsealed to allow later filling. It will further be appreciated that the size of a column that is to subsequently be filled with a product to be consumed may be different (typically larger) than those used primarily to impart strength to the container 401.
  • the support columns 107 are arranged within the flexible film 101 , and the wall portions 103 abut each side of the support columns 107.
  • two of the wall portions 103 are capable of overlapping and/or being fused together to wrap the flexible film 101 in a continuous manner as is shown in FIG. 4 to form the sidewall of the container 401.
  • the support columns 107 formed integral from the same web of film 101 used to form the container wall portions 103, can each be formed on the same side of the web.
  • the support columns 107, and any associated seams and/or welds from their formation are hidden from view within the interior of the container 401.
  • an essentially continuous printable surface is provided on the exterior of the container 401 for presenting graphics or other text or branding without multiple visible seals or seams that could otherwise interrupt and/or make printing graphics (or aligning pre-printed graphics) more difficult, with only the single seam joining the two ends of the film visible on the exterior of the container 401.
  • the support columns 107 have a support column width 301 that is smaller than a wall portion width 303 for the wall portions 103 and a film length 305 for the flexible film 101.
  • Suitable values for the support column width 301 include, but are not limited to, being less than 50 millimeters, being less than 40 millimeters, being less than 30 millimeters, being between 20 and 30 millimeters, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • Suitable values for the film length 305 range include, but are not limited to being greater than 100 mm, being less than 1000 mm, being between 100 and 1000 mm, such as 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 mm or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • Suitable values for the wall portion width 303 include, but are not limited to, being greater than 50 millimeters, being less than 200 millimeters, being between 50 and 200 millimeters, such as 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 1 10, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, or 190 mm or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the relative value of the wall portion width 303 in comparison to the support column width 301 is at a ratio, for example, of 10 to 1 , 9 to 1 , 8 to 1 , 7 to 1 , 6 to 1 , 5 to 1 , 4 to 1, 3 to 1 , 2 to 1 , 1 to 1 , or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • Suitable values for the column length 307 include, but are not limited to, being greater than 50 millimeters, being less than 200 millimeters, being between 50 and 200 millimeters, such as 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 1 10, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, or 190 mm, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the relative value of the film length 305 in comparison to the support column width 301 is at a ratio, for example, of 10 to 1, 9 to 1 , 8 to 1, 7 to 1, 6 to 1, 5 to 1, 4 to 1, 3 to 1 , 2 to 1, 1 to 1 , or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or subrange therein.
  • the container 401 formed from the flexible film 101 includes the flexible film 101 affixed to a container base 403, for example, by heat welding and/or ultrasonic welding, to define a packing region 405 within the container 401.
  • the packing region 405 is any suitable geometry capable of being formed with the flexible film 101 having the support columns 107 (for example, in corners 407 of the container 401) and the wall portions 103.
  • Suitable geometries include, but are not limited to, generally having a sectional profile of a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, or any other polygon, although it will be appreciated that exemplary embodiments also include geometries with rounded sides, such as cylindrical (both round and ovular, for example).
  • the container 401 shown in FIG. 4 includes the section profile being the square, the size of the wall portions 103 and/or the support columns 107 are capable of being varied to produce a complex-shaped embodiment of the container 401.
  • the packing region 405 is capable of being used for storing any collection of small articles such as food (for example, candy, nuts, mints, and/or pasta), spices, seeds/bulbs, or fasteners, all by way of example.
  • the container base 403 corresponds to the desired geometry for the container 401.
  • FIG. 4 shows the container base 403 corresponding to embodiments of the container 401 generally having the sectional profile of the square.
  • the container base 403 shown is a strengthened base having a strength-enhancing design, for example, a rigid thermoplastic having a pre-determined defined shape such as those produced during cold-forming, thermoforming, or a combination thereof.
  • the container base 403 is a flexible film that is formed to a pre-determined defined shape, such as just mentioned with respect to rigid thermoplastics and/or which is formed into its shape as part of container manufacturing operations.
  • the container base 403 may be configured either in advance or during container manufacturing such that a surface portion of the container base 403 is in a parallel plane with a portion of the container wall portions 103 to create a sealable edge (as shown, for example, in FIG. 33).
  • the strength-enhancing design and/or the container base 403 in general decrease(s) the amount of deformation within the wall portions 103 during stacking of the containers 401.
  • Other suitable features capable of being included in the container base 403 to provide strength include, but are not limited to, raised edges 41 1 or chamfers for nesting and/or stacking containers 401 on top of one other.
  • that material may be of the same or a different material from that used to form the side walls of the container 401.
  • a container cover 409 is affixed to the flexible film 101 to form the container 401.
  • the container cover 409 is affixed to the flexible film 101 by ultrasonic welding, adhesive, mechanical techniques, cold seal, hot seal, or any other suitable technique.
  • the container cover 409 is any suitable design meeting the desired end use, such as, but not limited to, being microwavable, having instructions for use, being sealed, being re- sealable, allowing hot gases to vent, allowing pouring, and/or having heating/cooling packs and/or insulation.
  • the container cover 409 is substantially planar and rigid.
  • the container cover 409 includes a handle 501 and vent holes 601 exposed by repositioning the handle 501 in a direction 603 from the orientation in FIG. 5 to the orientation in FIG. 6.
  • the vent holes 601 see FIG.
  • the cover 409 may instead be formed as a plurality of small holes or other punctures in the cover 409 that may be sized to allow some pressurization when the container's contents are heated (for example during micro waving of a container 401 containing a food product), which in some embodiments is accomplished by the vent holes 601 being configured to achieve a vent pressure of 0.5 psig or less.
  • the container cover 409 includes pull- tabs 701 capable of opening and/or tearing a portion 801 of the container cover 409 when pulled in a direction 703 from the position in FIG. 7 to the position in FIG. 8.
  • Other embodiments include, but are not limited to, the container cover 409 having a bendable joint 901 positioned substantially in the center of the container cover 409 (see FIG. 9), having externally-protruding pull tabs 1001 that extend beyond the profile of the container cover 409 upon being adjusted (see FIG. 10), having a two-piece arrangement of a lower rectangular recessed portion 1 101 and an upper substantially planar rectangular portion 1103 configured to be secured within the lower rectangular recessed portion 1 101 (see FIG.
  • the container cover 409 having a flap 1401 or pealable portion capable of being opened upon bending at edge 1403 or otherwise ripping/tearing of the container cover 409 (see FIG. 14), a feature within the container cover 409 being arranged as or in conjunction with a vent, or a combination thereof.
  • the container base 403 and/or the container cover 409 are capable of being arranged in any orientation with respect to the flexible film 101.
  • the container base 403 and the container cover 409 are positioned horizontally relative to the flexible film 101, with the term horizontal representing a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
  • the container cover 409 includes a seal portion 1501 and a cover portion 1503 for covering the seal portion 1501, the cover portion 1503 having a removable region 1505 or spout, allowing access to the seal portion 1501, which is capable of being punctured to allow fluid contents to exit the container 401.
  • the containers 401 are capable of being stacked with or without other structures, such as trays or cartons, with the containers 401 in some embodiments being stacked in a nestable fashion, with the base 403 of one container 401 being nested by the cover 409 of a second container on which it is stacked.
  • one or more stacks 1601 of the containers 401 is/are positioned within a tray 1603, such as a corrugated and/or die cut material.
  • the stacks 1601 are positioned adjacent and within recesses 1605 having a die cut 1609 and geometry corresponding with the container base 403 for each of the containers 401 positioned on the bottom of the stacks 1601.
  • the stacks 1601 are capable of including any suitable number of the containers 401, for example, two of the containers 401, three of the containers 401, four of the containers 401, or more of the containers 401, so long as the containers 401 positioned on the bottom of the stacks 1601 are not crushed or damaged by the containers positioned above them.
  • a covering 1607 such as a card hood, is capable of being positioned on the stacks 1601, thereby enclosing them in conjunction with the tray 1603, providing protection (for example, from debris, damage, early- display, or a combination thereof), providing a display arrangement that decreases the duration of time for replenishment, providing simpler transportation and/or storage, providing increased freshness of contents, or a combination thereof.
  • the stacks 1601 are wrapped with a collation wrap 1701 to provide structural support within the stacks 1601 and/or to prevent damage to the containers 401.
  • the collation wrap 1701 reduces or eliminates movement and/or damage of the containers 401 by securing them together.
  • the collation wrap 1701 is capable of extending around one of the stacks 1601 or a plurality of the stacks 1601 and/or is capable of being wrapped with a film wrap 1703.
  • the film wrap 1703 includes a lip 1801 for retaining the stacks 1601 within the collation wrap 1701 inside of the film wrap 1703. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of a manufacturing process 2000 for producing the flexible film 101 and/or the container 401.
  • the flexible film 101 is formed by forming the support columns 107 (step 2002) and forming the wall portions 103 (step 2004).
  • the container 401 is formed by attaching the container base 403 (step 2006) and, in a further embodiment, attaching the container cover 409 (step 2008).
  • the forming of the support columns 107 includes unwinding a roll 2102 connected to a web-tensioning mechanism 2103 that leads to a web steering system 2105 to produce the film sheet 100.
  • the unwinding further includes splicing of the film sheet, for example, with an automatic splicing system.
  • a turner bar may be employed to flip the film sheet, isolating a bow wave formed in the web by column forming from the steering system. This can help overcome misalignments between unwinding of the film and the column formation, as well as helping to overcome tracking effects of column formation.
  • the forming of the support columns 107 includes the film sheet 100 entering a first web guide 2201, prior to the film sheet 100 travelling to a column forming mechanism 2203 that produces the support columns 107 in the film sheet 100 after exiting a second web guide 2201.
  • the film sheet 100 then travels through a web spreading mechanism 2205 and a column flattening mechanism 2207, where the support columns 107 are flattened.
  • the forming of the support columns 107 (step 2002) is adjustably controlled by a hitch fixed clamp 2209, a hitch index 221 1, and a hitch moving clamp 2213.
  • the column forming mechanism 2203 ploughs/forms and seams/welds the flexible film material 105 in the film sheet 100 to produce the tubular support columns 107 integral with the web, thereby laterally defining the wall portions 103.
  • the forming includes guiding the film sheet 100 through the column forming mechanism 2203, integration and seaming by the column forming mechanism 2203, inflation of the support column 107 (for example, with compressed air, ambient/entrained air, or another suitable inert gas to increase the structural integrity of the support column 107) by the column forming mechanism 2203, or a combination thereof.
  • the plough mandrel has an interior chamber that provides a gas inflation channel 3405 for embodiments in which air or another gas is optionally introduced into the column 107 during formation.
  • the column forming mechanism 2203 moves relative to the web of flexible film material 105 which may be accomplished either by continuous flow of the web through the mechanism or, more typically, incremental movement of the web, followed by movement of the column forming mechanism 2203 relative to the web while the web remains temporarily stationary.
  • the web spreading mechanism 2205 spreads the film sheet 100 after the column forming mechanism ploughs/forms and seams/welds the flexible film material 105 in the film sheet 100 to produce the support columns 107.
  • the web spreading mechanism 2205 spreads the film sheet 100 to align the support columns 107 for flattening.
  • a first portion 2501 of the support column 107 and a second portion 2503 of the support column 107 are aligned such that each of the first portion 2501 and the second portion 2503 are on opposite sides of a centerline 2505 that is perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the film sheet 100.
  • the first portion 2501 has a first volume that is within a selected relative range of a second volume of the second portion 2503, for example, the first volume being within 20% of the second volume, the first volume being within 10% of the second volume, the first volume being within 8% of the second volume, within 5% of the second volume, the first volume being within 3% of the second volume, being within 1% of the second volume, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein. That is, the support column 107 is preferably flattened evenly so that there is an equal or approximately equal amount of the material forming the support column 107 on both sides of the centerline 2505.
  • the column flattening mechanism 2207 applies pressure to one or more of the support columns 107 in the film sheet 100, for example, on both the first portion 2501 and the second portion 2503 of the support columns 107.
  • the pressure adjusts the geometry of at least a portion of the support columns 107, for example, from having a circular profile to a rectangular profile.
  • Flattening in conjunction with a lower volume variation of the first volume and the second volume provides additional strength in comparison to flattening with a higher volume variation.
  • ends of the support columns 107 are sealed by the flattening, thereby defining a region where the support columns 107 are capable of being cut without allowing the gas to escape from within the support columns 107.
  • the entire support column 107 is flattened, either partially or entirely, with entrained air able to escape by sealing one end of the support column 107 followed by sealing the opposite end after flattening.
  • the support column 107 is formed as a series of overlapping folds 3503, such as one or more z-folds.
  • the plowing and forming step includes one or more additional folds in the web to form the support column 107.
  • gas may or may not still be trapped within the support column 107.
  • the support column 107 is entirely flattened and then welded over its full width and/or length.
  • the forming of the wall portions 103 includes use of a tension maintaining device 2701.
  • the tension maintaining device has a receiving roller 2703 for receiving the film sheet 100, a dancing arm 2705 positioned to receive the film sheet 100 from the receiving roller 2703 and to maintain tension of the film sheet 100 despite adjustments in the rate of movement after the tension maintaining device 2701 , and a roller 2707 positioned proximal to a guide roller 2709, where the film sheet exits the tension maintaining device 2701.
  • the rollers are any suitable geometry capable of supporting the film sheet 100.
  • the rollers are triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other suitable geometry.
  • the rollers have planar portions 271 1 of equal or slightly smaller size than the wall portions 103 and corner portions 2713 separating the planar portions 271 1. In one embodiment, the rollers are designed to accommodate a change in direction of the film sheet 100, for example, while prohibiting bending within the support columns 107. [0076] As shown in FIG.
  • the forming of the wall portions 103 is achieved by a device 2800 that includes a first transformation mechanism 2801 (for example, to transform the film sheet 100 from planar to round), a tube welder 2803 (for example, to weld the film sheet 100 from the round geometry into a tube), a second transformation mechanism 2805 (for example, to transform the film sheet 100 from being round to being square or another suitable geometry for the flexible film 101), and a cutting mechanism 2807 used for cutting the film sheet 100 into discrete units of the flexible film 101 capable of being used to form the container 401, for example, in a circular fashion around the perimeter of the flexible film 101.
  • a first transformation mechanism 2801 for example, to transform the film sheet 100 from planar to round
  • a tube welder 2803 for example, to weld the film sheet 100 from the round geometry into a tube
  • a second transformation mechanism 2805 for example, to transform the film sheet 100 from being round to being square or another suitable geometry for the flexible film 101
  • a cutting mechanism 2807 used for cutting the film sheet
  • Cutting of the polygonal perimeter in a circular or arc like fashion results in the cutting occurring with a slicing action in contrast to stabbing or square pecking found in conventional cutting operations.
  • the movement of the film sheet 100 through the device 2800 is performed by an urging force applied by a tube drive 2809, for example, positioned between the second transformation mechanism 2805 and the cutting mechanism 2807.
  • one or more of the components of the device 2800 are held under vacuum to provide additional stability for the film sheet 100 during the transformation, welding, and/or cutting.
  • Forming of the container 401 from the flexible film 101 begins with the attaching of the container base 403 (step 2006) or the attaching of the container cover 409 (step 2008) to one or more of the wall portions 103 of the flexible film 101, for example, using a welding system 2901 as is shown in FIG. 29.
  • An embodiment of the welding system 2901 includes a nesting system 2903 (see FIG. 32) for receiving the wall portion(s) 103 and an insertion head 2905 for receiving the container base 403 and/or the container cover 409.
  • the nesting system 2903 is a precision- machined part providing location accuracy, having a vacuum plenum 3201 capable of temporarily holding the wall portion(s) 103 (for example, during re-referencing), and having interchangeable geometry-defining elements 3203, permitting use with different sized-parts.
  • the container base 403 and/or the container cover 409 are welded to the wall portion(s) 103 by any suitable technique. Suitable techniques include, but are not limited to, being ultrasonically welded and/or being heat- welded. In one embodiment, the welding begins with a tack weld to hold the container base 403 or the container cover 409 in position and is followed by a finish weld for complete attachment to be achieved. The welding is achieved by using any suitable devices, such as, rotating weld heads 2907 (see FIG. 30), an expanding corner anvil head 2909 (see FIG. 31), and/or an energy chain tray 291 1.
  • the rotating weld heads 2907 have a tool geometry configured to the desired end-product, such as the container 401.
  • the expanding corner anvil head 2909 is an expanding mechanism configured to stretch out the flexible film 101 during the welding, for example, by being pre-heated to reduce welding times.
  • the packing region 405 is loaded with a product 3301 prior to the attaching of the container cover 409 and the completion of the container 401.
  • the container base 403 is shown as a sheet of flexible film that is pushed through what will become the top of the container and then sealed at its edges, the sheet used for the container base being wider than the space defined by the wall portions 103, leaving selvedge that folds against the inner wall that forms an overlapping surface for sealing.
  • the container cover 409 is attached prior to the loading of the product 3301 and the container base 403 is attached afterward. In either case, in may be desirable to introduce air or another gas (such as nitrogen in the case of most food products) to fill head space over the container contents and optionally to pressurize the container 401.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un récipient en film souple auto-porté, lequel récipient comprend une base de récipient et un film souple attaché à la base de récipient, qui forme une paroi de récipient et qui définit une région d'emballage à l'intérieur du récipient. La paroi de récipient a au moins une colonne de support, telle qu'une colonne de support tubulaire, formée d'un seul tenant avec celle-ci. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de formation du récipient, lequel procédé met en œuvre la disposition d'une bande de film souple, la formation de colonnes de support tubulaires dans la bande de film souple et la formation d'un récipient à partir de la bande de film souple contenant les colonnes de support. Les colonnes de support peuvent être formées par réalisation de sillons dans la bande de film souple et formation de cette dernière.
EP15792753.4A 2014-05-15 2015-05-15 Récipient en film souple et procédé de fabrication Ceased EP3142931A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201461993321P 2014-05-15 2014-05-15
PCT/US2015/030991 WO2015175890A1 (fr) 2014-05-15 2015-05-15 Récipient en film souple et procédé de fabrication

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EP3142931A1 true EP3142931A1 (fr) 2017-03-22
EP3142931A4 EP3142931A4 (fr) 2018-01-24

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US (1) US20170081074A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3142931A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN106573689A (fr)
CA (1) CA2948837C (fr)
MX (1) MX2016014763A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015175890A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH704371A2 (fr) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-31 Codefine Sa Procédé pour augmenter temporairement la résistance à la compression verticale d'un sac pour le transport et la manutention de liquides et quasi liquides, et sac issu du procédé.
WO2019169126A1 (fr) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Nordson Corporation Joint d'ailette soudé par point

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Publication number Publication date
US20170081074A1 (en) 2017-03-23
CA2948837C (fr) 2019-01-15
CA2948837A1 (fr) 2015-11-19
MX2016014763A (es) 2017-03-23
EP3142931A4 (fr) 2018-01-24
WO2015175890A1 (fr) 2015-11-19
CN106573689A (zh) 2017-04-19

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