EP3137890A1 - Procédé d'essai non destructif d'une pièce de fabrication au moyen d'ultrasons et dispositif pour celui-ci - Google Patents

Procédé d'essai non destructif d'une pièce de fabrication au moyen d'ultrasons et dispositif pour celui-ci

Info

Publication number
EP3137890A1
EP3137890A1 EP15718919.2A EP15718919A EP3137890A1 EP 3137890 A1 EP3137890 A1 EP 3137890A1 EP 15718919 A EP15718919 A EP 15718919A EP 3137890 A1 EP3137890 A1 EP 3137890A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
defect
scans
recording
ultrasound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15718919.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Kahmann
Stephen Falter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
GE Sensing and Inspection Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GE Sensing and Inspection Technologies GmbH filed Critical GE Sensing and Inspection Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP3137890A1 publication Critical patent/EP3137890A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0654—Imaging
    • G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/38—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by time filtering, e.g. using time gates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the present invention is a device for the non-destructive testing of a workpiece by means of ultrasound as well as a device that is suitable for carrying out such a method.
  • the invention relates to a method for detecting higher-order defects, i.e. weakly reflective or complex defects in a workpiece by means of ultrasound and a device that is suitable for this purpose.
  • a variety of non-destructive methods for testing a workpiece by means of ultrasound, which, for example, permit the detection of defects hidden in the material of a workpiece, is known from material testing.
  • Certain ultrasonic testing methods such as, for example, the DGS method or the reference body method permit a classification of detected defects according to their size by a comparison with standardized reference reflectors.
  • these testing methods are based upon short ultrasonic pulses, which are reflected on defects such as piping, cracks and discontinuities, being coupled into the workpiece. Based on the echo signals generated by such defects, conclusions can then be drawn as to the position, size and orientation of the defect. After insonifying an ultrasonic pulse, the resulting echo amplitude is recorded in a time-resolved manner for this purpose.
  • A-scan If the recorded echo amplitude is plotted as a function of time, a so-called A-scan is obtained. Even if the person skilled in the art understands an A-scan to be a graphic representation of an echo signal recorded in a time-resolved manner, the terms A-scan and echo signal recorded in a time-resolved manner are used synonymously within the context of the present application.
  • non-destructive testing methods such as X-ray computer tomography permit the generation of three-dimensional images of the volume of an examined workpiece.
  • a variety of algorithms that are known from the field of image processing can be applied to these three-dimensional image data, or to two-dimensional sections prepared from them, in order to identify with increased reliability also such defects that are characterized by a weak signature in the generated volume image.
  • an analysis for defect indications with a characteristic geometry can be carried out, for example, for this purpose.
  • a so-called neighborhood analysis can be carried out, in which a pixel or a voxel, whose gray value could represent a defect indication, is analyzed for similar gray values in its neighborhood.
  • a method according to the invention is provided for the non-destructive testing of a workpiece by means of ultrasound.
  • a series of i A- scans SN, . . . ; SN+I of the volume of the workpiece is recorded and buffered.
  • at least one scan S j wherein j out of [N, N+i] is analyzed as to whether defect indications can be found in this scan, i.e. whether echo signals can be identified that could be correlated with a defect. This could be the case, for example, if the recorded echo signals exceed or drop below a preset amplitude threshold once or several times of for a minimum period.
  • a region of interest ROI which includes these defect indications, is selected in the A-scan Sj. This region of interest ROI is correlated with a certain time frame T, which is set.
  • an image of the workpiece is generated by sections of the A-scans S N , . . . ; S N +I being formed that fall into the set time frame T, and they are arranged one next to the other in the sequence in time of their respective recording.
  • the sections of the A-scans S N , . . . ; S N +I can also be arranged in a sequence that is oriented towards the geometry of the workpiece.
  • sections S N , S N +I that are arranged adjacently to each other can correspond to sectors of the workpiece that are geometrically adjacent to each other or that even partially overlap.
  • the number i of the scans that are composed to form an image can be limited, for example, by no other scans being added to the image if no defect indications are found anymore in a scan Sk with k>i. Alternatively, the generation of the image can be stopped when a minimum number of scans Sk to Sk+n with n>0 contains no defect indications anymore. If complex defects a sought whose probable geometry is known, it may be advantageous if the set time frame T is varied according to a predefined algorithm, which may, in particular, depend on the geometry of the complex defect to be detected, during the transition from one scan Sm to the next scan Sm+1.
  • the image thus generated now only contains echo information from those volume regions of the workpiece in which the existence of a defect is to be considered possible. Other volume regions in which no defect indications were found are no longer contained in the generated image.
  • the image thus obtained is then analyzed for higher-order defects by means of suitable analysis algorithms known from the field of image processing, in this case particularly from the field of processing digital X-ray computer tomography images.
  • suitable analysis algorithms known from the field of image processing, in this case particularly from the field of processing digital X-ray computer tomography images.
  • neighborhood analysis may be mentioned by way of example, in whose context neighboring pixels are examined for similar gray values.
  • complex defects may be recognized by searching for characteristic "fingerprints" in the generated image, which may appear, for example, as a characteristic geometric distribution of brightness values.
  • the result of the defect analysis algorithms applied is preferably stored in a suitable manner, e.g. in a defect database, for the purpose of reporting and further processing.
  • the detected defect indications can be visualized in a suitable manner, for example by being plotted in a three-dimensional image of the workpiece at the respectively associated defect position.
  • the type or size of the defect indication can also be graphically represented, e.g. by color coding.
  • the method according to the invention can be integrated into the control of a production process.
  • certain processes in the preferably largely automated production process can be triggered based on the defect indications detected by means of the method according to the invention, such as sorting the examined workpiece to different trays, such as a reject tray or a repair tray, or segregating the workpiece for sampling.
  • the basis for this may be a reference defect database in which defect indications of reference defects are indexed.
  • the detected defect indications are then compared to the defect indications of reference defects. The result of the comparison is then used for triggering.
  • the particular advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that, by specific selection of a region of interest in a first step by setting a suitable time frame, it enables a dramatic reduction of the data set, which is then specifically examined for the existence of indications for complex defects in a second step.
  • This two-stage method allows the realization of extremely high processing speeds, which is why the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for in-line testing in running production processes, with a very high level of reliability in defect recognition being obtained, which is comparable to the reliability of off-line methods known from the prior art.
  • j out of [N, N+i] buffered A-scans S that have been recorded earlier in time are deleted from the buffer.
  • the insonification location X is varied during the recording of the A-scans SN, SN + i,for example by the workpiece being moved under a test probe used for insonifying and/or recording the ultrasound into/from the workpiece.
  • the movement may, for example, be a linear movement, which is advantageous in the case of bar-shaped or tubular workpieces. If the workpiece is rotationally symmetric, a rotary motion may also be advantageous. In certain situations, a combination of a linear and a rotary movement is also advantageous.
  • a three-dimensional CAD model of the test object is therefore stored.
  • the workpiece and test probe, i.e. the insonification location are moved relative to one another in such a way that the insonification location X moves on known scanning lines on the workpiece surface.
  • a network of checkpoints for the graphic representation to be generated of the workpiece is created, with the checkpoints being provided by the points along the scanning lines at which a test shot was actually taken, i.e. at least one test pulse was insonified into the workpiece.
  • phased-array test probes that comprise a plurality of ultrasonic transducers, which can be individually controlled in a phase-accurate manner and which are disposed in a one- or two- dimensional array of known geometry, has especially proved its value.
  • both the insonification location X and the insonification angle theta are varied during the recording of the A-scan SN, . . . ; SN+I-
  • a device according to the invention is provided for the non-destructive testing of a workpiece by means of ultrasound.
  • it is configured for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Preferred embodiments are configured for carrying out preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, for which purpose they possibly comprise further technical features and/or means. Therefore, reference is expressly made to the above explanations regarding the method according to the invention and to its advantages, which the person skilled in the art is readily able to transfer onto the device according to the invention described below as well as to the advantageous embodiments thereof.
  • the device comprises means for recording and buffering a series of i A-scans S N , SN+i of the volume of the workpiece, the specific configuration of this means being discussed in detail below. Moreover, it comprises means for setting a time frame in which ultrasonic signals which could be correlated with a defect occur in at least one scan Sj with j out of [N, N+i]. Imaging means are provided for generating an image of the workpiece. For this purpose, the imaging means is configured to form sections of the A-scans S N , . . . ; S N +I that fall into the set time frame T, and to arrange them one next to the other in the sequence in time of their respective recording.
  • the imaging means can also be configured to arrange the sections of the A-scans S N , . . . ; SN+i in a sequence that is oriented towards the geometry of the workpiece.
  • sections S N , . . . ; S N +I that are arranged adjacently to each other can correspond to sectors of the workpiece that are geometrically adjacent to each other or that even partially overlap.
  • other algorithms of any kind for arranging the sections S N , S N +I are conceivable and possible.
  • the arrangement of the sections S N , . ⁇ . ; S N +i is to be understood, in particular, as the formation of a data set that represents such a two-dimensional image of the transsonified volume of the workpiece. It is not important for the invention whether a graphic representation of this data set is actually generated and whether this graphic representation is, in particular, displayed on suitable display device. This, respectively, is the subject matter of advantageous embodiments of the method or the device.
  • the device comprises analysis means for applying an analysis algorithm from image processing to the generated image, more specifically to the generated data set representing such an image, for detecting higher- order defects in the volume of the test object.
  • the means for setting the time frame is configured to analyze the A-scans S N , S N +I in order to identify a region of interest in at least one of the A-scans S N , . . . , S N +I, which may be provided, for example, by at least one preset amplitude threshold being exceeded or fallen short of at least once in this region.
  • the device comprises means for storing the result of the defect analysis algorithms applied for the purpose of reporting and further processing, preferably in a defect database.
  • the device moreover comprises means for visualizing the detected defect indications, for example by them being plotted in a three-dimensional image of the workpiece at the respectively associated defect position.
  • the type or size of the defect indication can also be graphically represented, e.g. by color coding.
  • This configuration of the means for visualization also constitutes a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device comprises means for triggering certain processes in the production process based on the defect indications detected by means of the method according to the invention. For example, sorting the examined workpiece to different trays, such as a reject tray or a repair tray, or segregating the workpiece for sampling, can be triggered.
  • the basis for this can be a reference defect database which is stored by means of suitable means. Furthermore, means are provided that compare the detected defect indications with cataloged defect indications of reference defects. The result of the comparison is then used for triggering.
  • the means for recording and buffering the A-scans is configured for deleting buffered A-scans S from the buffer that have been recorded before an A-scan S j , with j out of [N, N+i], when no region of interest is identified during the analysis of an A-scan Sj.
  • the analysis means provided in the device can be configured, in particular, to apply an analysis algorithm to the generated data set that is based on a two-dimensional neighborhood analysis.
  • the analysis algorithm can be configured for detecting certain geometric formations in the generated image.
  • the device comprises transport means provided for varying the insonification location X during the recording of the A-scans S N , . . . ; S N +I-
  • the transport means can be configured to move the workpiece in a linear and/or rotary manner relative to a test probe, which is used for insonifying and/or recording the ultrasound into/from the workpiece and which is part of the means for recording and storing A-scans.
  • a three- dimensional CAD model of the test object is stored for this purpose.
  • the workpiece and test probe, i.e. the insonification location are moved relative to one another in such a way that the insonification location X moves on known scanning lines on the workpiece surface.
  • the means for recording and buffering the A-scans is configured to vary the insonification angle theta during the recording of the series of A-scans.
  • the means for recording and buffering the A-scans comprised by the device according to the invention can comprise an ultrasound transmitting test probe, which has at least one ultrasonic transducer for generating an ultrasonic field and coupling it into the workpiece. It further comprises an ultrasound receiving test probe with at least one ultrasonic transducer for recording resulting echo signals from the workpiece.
  • the transmitting and the receiving test probe can be identical; in particular, it is possible to use only one ultrasonic test probe as a joint transmitting and receiving test probe. If the test probe comprises a plurality of transducer segments that can be independently controlled in a phase-accurate manner, i.e. if it is a phased- array test probe, then the transmitting or receiving aperture, the insonification angle and the focusing depth can be electronically controllable, particularly in connection with the control unit described below.
  • a control unit for controlling the ultrasound transmitting test probe which controls the ultrasound transmitting test probe in such a way that it generates a sequence of ultrasonic pulses for coupling them into the workpiece.
  • the possibly resulting echo signals are recorded by means of the ultrasound receiving test probe and processed further by a receiving unit connected thereto.
  • a preamplification of the received signals as well as an A/D conversion of the signals may take place in the receiving unit.
  • a "beam forming" may also take place in the receiving unit, for example by the signals of the individual transducer segments being delayed in time relative to one another.
  • an evaluation unit which is downstream of the evaluation unit and connected thereto, is configured for processing the recorded echo signals in accordance with the method according to the invention.
  • all of the features of the above-described embodiments or developments of the invention can be combined in any way, particularly across the claim categories, provided this is technically possible.
  • This also applies to the features of the following exemplary embodiment, from which further features and advantages of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention become apparent.
  • the exemplary embodiment serves for illustrating the invention to a person skilled in the art and is therefore to be understood as an example, and not to be limiting. It refers to the Figures, which show the following:
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a representation, which was generated by means of the method according to Figure 2, of the echo signals from a "region of interest" of a test object containing a defect.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a testing device 1 according to the invention for the non-destructive testing of a test object 100 by means of ultrasound.
  • the testing device 1 is configured for characterizing defects or discontinuities 99 in the material of the test object 100 by means of ultrasound.
  • the testing device 1 comprises an ultrasonic test probe 10 with a single-part ultrasonic transducer 12 for generating and coupling an ultrasonic field into the test object 100 and for recording resulting echo signals from the test object 100.
  • the test probe 10 is configured for an oblique insonification into the test object 100.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 12 is disposed on a wedge-shaped leading body 14.
  • the testing device 1 comprises a control unit 20 for controlling the ultrasonic test probe 10, so that the latter generates a sequence of ultrasonic pulses with a certain transmission frequency f, which is typically between 1 and 15 MHz and within a bandwidth typically between 20 and 40%.
  • the pulse sequence frequency typically lies in the range of a few kHz.
  • the control unit 20 is connected to the test probe 10 and in particular to the ultrasonic transducer 12 thereof.
  • a receiving unit 30 is provided for recording echo signals by means of the ultrasonic test probe 10.
  • the receiving unit 30 is also connected to the test probe 10 and in particular to the ultrasonic transducer 12 thereof.
  • an evaluation unit 40 connected both to the control unit 20 and to the receiving unit 30 is provided, which is configured for processing the echo signals from the material of the test object 100 recorded by the ultrasonic transducer 12 of the test probe 10.
  • the evaluation unit 40 is connected to a display device 42 in the form of an LCD or an OLED, on which the amplitude of the received echo signals, for example, can be displayed in a time-resolved manner, i.e., an A-scan of the recorded echo signals can be displayed.
  • the test object 100 can be moved in a linear manner under the stationary test probe by means of a feeding unit (not shown), so that the coupling position changes in a defined manner from one insonified ultrasonic pulse to the next, e.g. by a few millimeters along a straight line.
  • This positional information is transmitted by the feeding unit to the evaluation unit 40.
  • the evaluation unit 40 is configured for carrying out the method according to the invention, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the method can be implemented in the control unit 20, the evaluation unit 40 or in a higher-level control unit which is part of the device 1.
  • control unit 20, the receiving unit 30 as well as the evaluation unit 40 including the display device 42 are accommodated in a common ultrasound control device 50, which is connected via a communication line 60 to the test probe 10.
  • control unit 20, the receiving unit 30 and the evaluation unit 40 can be integrated separately or jointly and partially or completely into the test probe 10.
  • the echo signal that follows an ultrasonic pulse coupled into the test object 100 is loaded into a real-time FIFO buffer, which is provided in the evaluation unit 100 and configured to temporarily buffer a plurality of echo signals (step 101).
  • the echo signal recorded last is subjected to a simple analysis as to whether the echo signals includes potential defect indications, e.g. whether a preset gate is exceeded in an A-scan representation. If this preliminary analysis shows that defect indications are present, then the echo signal is loaded in step 103 into an image processing buffer together with a predefined number of preceding echo signals.
  • the oldest echo signal is deleted from the FIFO buffer in step 104.
  • the echo signals loaded into the image processing buffer are evaluated by means of methods known from image processing.
  • the echo signals are treated as two-dimensional image information, with the time within one echo signal being interpreted as the x-axis and the sequence in time of the echo signals as the y-axis.
  • the (discretized) amplitude of the echo signals represents a brightness value.
  • Such an image processing method can be based, for example, on neighborhood information also being included into the assessment, which may be advantageous, for example, in the identification of defects with a characteristic geometry (e.g. with a preferred orientation caused by the production process). Averaging over the gray values of adjacent pixels, methods for enhancing contrast or for edge enhancement or even the subtraction of an average background value are possible and advantageous in certain cases.
  • the method according to the invention is not limited to particular image processing methods; rather, basically all image processing methods known from the prior art can be applied. If a defect is identified in step 105, then in step 106, the contents of the image processing buffer are permanently stored for reporting purposes and a report entry is made in a defect memory. The memory means required for this purpose are also allocated to the evaluation unit 40. Then, the method returns to step 101.
  • step 107 the contents of the image processing buffer are discarded and the method returns to step 101.
  • the method shown is carried out by the evaluation unit 40, which also comprises the FIFO buffer and the image processing buffer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour l'essai non destructif d'une pièce de fabrication (100) au moyen d'ultrasons, dans lequel une série de i balayages A SN,...; SN+i du volume de la pièce de fabrication (100) est enregistrée et mise en mémoire tampon. Ensuite, un intervalle de temps est défini dans lequel des signaux ultrasonores qui peuvent être corrélés à un défaut surviennent dans au moins un balayage Sj avec j étant parmi [N, N+i]. En formant des sections des balayages A SN,...; SN+i qui sont situés dans l'intervalle de temps défini, et en agençant celles-ci les unes par rapport aux autres dans une séquence prédéfinie au moyen d'un algorithme, par exemple dans la séquence de temps ou d'espace de leur enregistrement respectif, une image de la pièce de fabrication est générée à laquelle un algorithme d'analyse de traitement d'image est appliqué. Le dispositif selon l'invention est configuré pour conduire le procédé selon l'invention et comprend les moyens nécessaires à cet effet.
EP15718919.2A 2014-04-29 2015-04-29 Procédé d'essai non destructif d'une pièce de fabrication au moyen d'ultrasons et dispositif pour celui-ci Withdrawn EP3137890A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014106005.9A DE102014106005A1 (de) 2014-04-29 2014-04-29 Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung eines Werkstücks mittels Ultraschall sowie Vorrichtung hierzu
PCT/EP2015/059411 WO2015166003A1 (fr) 2014-04-29 2015-04-29 Procédé d'essai non destructif d'une pièce de fabrication au moyen d'ultrasons et dispositif pour celui-ci

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3137890A1 true EP3137890A1 (fr) 2017-03-08

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EP15718919.2A Withdrawn EP3137890A1 (fr) 2014-04-29 2015-04-29 Procédé d'essai non destructif d'une pièce de fabrication au moyen d'ultrasons et dispositif pour celui-ci

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3137890A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014106005A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015166003A1 (fr)

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CN114034772B (zh) * 2021-10-18 2023-09-19 武汉科技大学 一种轧辊潜在失效检测与剩余使用寿命预测专家系统
CN114047256B (zh) * 2021-10-25 2023-10-20 扬州大学 基于动态阵元合成孔径聚焦的平板陶瓷膜缺陷超声成像方法

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DE3720219A1 (de) * 1987-06-17 1988-12-29 Betr Forsch Inst Angew Forsch Verfahren zur ueberpruefung von bauteilen
US6981417B1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2006-01-03 Sonoscan, Inc. Scanning acoustic micro imaging method and apparatus for non-rectangular bounded files
CN100484479C (zh) * 2005-08-26 2009-05-06 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 超声图像增强与斑点抑制方法
US9797867B2 (en) * 2010-08-04 2017-10-24 The Boeing Company Apparatus and method for inspecting a laminated structure
US8770029B2 (en) * 2011-10-04 2014-07-08 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for ultrasonic testing
DE102012025535A1 (de) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Europipe Gmbh Verfahren zur bildgebenden Ultraschallprüfung von Werkstücken

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Publication number Publication date
WO2015166003A1 (fr) 2015-11-05
DE102014106005A1 (de) 2015-10-29

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