EP3135810B1 - Matériau de papier comprenant des fibres de cellulose et des fibres de cuir et son procédé de production - Google Patents

Matériau de papier comprenant des fibres de cellulose et des fibres de cuir et son procédé de production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3135810B1
EP3135810B1 EP16186411.1A EP16186411A EP3135810B1 EP 3135810 B1 EP3135810 B1 EP 3135810B1 EP 16186411 A EP16186411 A EP 16186411A EP 3135810 B1 EP3135810 B1 EP 3135810B1
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Prior art keywords
paper material
leather
fibers
paper
range
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3135810A1 (fr
Inventor
Achille Monegato
Flavio Stragliotto
Giacomo BERNO
Giovanni PRUSCINI
Maurizio DAL BIANCO
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Favini Srl
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Favini Srl
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/28—Organic non-cellulose fibres from natural polymers
    • D21H13/34—Protein fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/28—Organic non-cellulose fibres from natural polymers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a paper material comprising cellulose fibers and leather fibers.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the production of the above-mentioned paper material.
  • paper articles comprising both cellulosic and leather fibers are known from US 2104996 A , US 2635958 A and GB 2045829 A .
  • US1269905A discloses a process of making felt for roofing which consists in disintegrating scrap leather and cellulose fiber into a fibrous pulpy mass of the consistency of paper stock, adding a softening agent soft admixture of cellulose, adding bichromate of soda or potash to the pulp, and then forming the pulp into soft porous absorbent sheets.
  • US1211837A discloses a material composed of a highly absorbent flexible sheet comprising fibers of cotton or wool and leather felted together and saturated with a bituminous material.
  • the Applicant has considered the problem of providing a paper material having a fibrous component comprising alternative fibrous materials to virgin cellulose, preferably deriving from recycled materials, without jeopardizing the mechanical properties of the final paper product, such as, for example, rigidity, thickness, burst strength, rupture length.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide this type of paper material which also has a high electric conductivity and high volume or "bulk" values.
  • the present invention relates to a paper material wherein the fibrous component comprises leather fibers in a percentage within the range of 5-80% dry weight and cellulose fibers in a percentage within the range of 95-20% dry weight, wherein said dry weight percentages refer to the total dry weight of the fibrous component, and wherein said leather fibers and cellulose fibers form a homogenous mixture by means of a tanning agent.
  • the fibrous component of the paper material according to the invention preferably consists of cellulose fibers and leather fibers.
  • the paper material according to the present invention advantageously has a high electric conductivity and a high "bulk”.
  • Another advantage relates to the fact that the use of leather fibers in substitution of cellulose fibers allows a considerably reduced quantity of virgin cellulose material, up to 80% less, to be used in the production of the paper material according to the invention.
  • a further advantage provided by the present invention is the possibility of effectively recycling the tanning industry and leather transformation residues.
  • Another advantage lies in the fact that the paper material of the invention is biodegradable or compostable, reducible to pulp and can therefore be recycled in the paper production chain.
  • the paper material according to the present invention can be coupled with non-paper materials, in particular biodegradable plastic films such as PHA (polyhydroxyalcanoate), Mater-Bi ® , PLA (polylactic acid) to obtain compostable end-products, which can be used, for example, in the packaging industry.
  • biodegradable plastic films such as PHA (polyhydroxyalcanoate), Mater-Bi ® , PLA (polylactic acid)
  • a material is considered “biodegradable” if it meets the biodegradability requirements established by the standard EN 13432.
  • a material is considered “compostable” if it meets the compostability requirements established by the standard EN 13432.
  • the leather fibers have a length comprised within the range of 0.1-30 mm, preferably within the range of 1 - 20 mm, more preferably 4 - 15 mm.
  • the leather fibers are obtained by the defibration of leather, more preferably leather obtained from wastes of the tanning industry and leather transformation industry, such as, for example, residues of shaving and splitting phases of tanning processes or trimming scraps of the leather transformation industry.
  • waste products are reduced to the state of fibers using processes and techniques known in the field of leather scrap recovery, in particular in the field of so-called "bonded leather” production.
  • the defibration can be obtained mechanically, by grinding the scraps in synchronized hammer and/or knife mills and/or defibration mills, preferably Pallmann defibration mills.
  • the defibration process in mills is continued for a period of time that avoids the complete separation of the single fibers, but for a duration that is such as to obtain leather fibers in bundles, which is preferably a maximum of 30 minutes. It has in fact been observed that defibration times longer than those indicated above, damage the collagen fibers forming the leather, in addition to causing excessive energy consumptions.
  • the leather fibers are preferably partially defibrated.
  • the leather fibers are preferably in the form of bundles of fibers, more preferably similar to a tangle.
  • the fibers obtained from the defibration processes described above have a morphology and dimensions similar to those of cellulose fibers. This makes the above leather fibers compatible with cellulose fibers, and they can therefore be used as part of the fibrous component of a paper material.
  • leather fibers according to the present invention gives the paper material a characteristic aspect, as these fibers are at least partially visible also to the naked eye in the end-product, as pointed out in the enclosed figure 1 which shows a paper material according to the invention.
  • the presence of leather fibers in bundles can also be noticed in the enclosed figures 2 and 3 which show electron microscope images of a sample of leather fibers according to the invention.
  • the presence of bundles of leather fibers offers the advantage of increasing the bulk value of the paper material obtainable, without substantially deteriorating the other properties.
  • the leather fibers are preferably obtained from leather tanned through tanning processes of the type that do not use chromium, more preferably vegetable tanning (for example, using tannin as tanning agent) or "wet white” tanning (e.g. using aldehydes as tanning agent). Vegetable and "wet white” tanning, in fact, do not use chromium.
  • the use of fibers deriving from these tanned leathers in the production of paper material according to the present invention therefore avoids all problems of an environmental nature relating to the use of this heavy metal.
  • the paper material of the present invention is preferably one or more selected from printing paper or cardboard; paper for the lining of boxes; paper for packaging; corrugated paper and cardboard; paper for shoppers and bags; paper for labels; and security paper.
  • the paper material is preferably coated, embossed, die-cut and/or laminated.
  • the paper material according to the present invention can be in various forms, for example in the form of a sheet having variable dimensions, in the form of a reel, etc.
  • the paper material of the present invention has an electric conductivity within the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 - 1 ⁇ 10 -10 S/m, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -8 - 1 ⁇ 10 -9 .
  • This conductivity value makes the paper material according to the present invention particularly suitable for use as a support for digital printing, photostat printing and similar.
  • the fibrous component of the paper material preferably comprises leather fibers in a percentage within the range of 5 - 20%, more preferably 5 - 10% dry weight and cellulose fibers in a percentage within the range of 95 - 80%, more preferably 95 - 90% dry weight, wherein said dry weight percentages refer to the total dry weight of the fibrous component.
  • the typical electric conductivity of the paper produced with cellulose fibers alone is normally comprised within the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -12 - 1 ⁇ 10 -14 S/m.
  • the paper material preferably has an absolute humidity within the range of 4-12%, more preferably 5-10%.
  • the paper material preferably has a bulk value (thickness (um)/grammage (g/m 2 ) ratio) within the range of 1.2-1.8, more preferably within the range of 1.4-1.7. These values are on an average about 25% higher than the bulk values obtainable for conventional paper materials, without leather fibers.
  • High bulk values are desirable for blotting paper, for example.
  • Low bulk values are desirable for printing paper, for example.
  • a paper material can be obtained, having a desired bulk value, using a lower amount of cellulose fibers with respect to a conventional paper not containing leather fibers.
  • the paper material preferably has an organic nitrogen content within the range of 1-12%, more preferably 3-6% (Kjendahl method). This nitrogen content makes the paper material easily compostable.
  • the paper material preferably has a grammage within the range of 80-1,100 g/m 2 , more preferably 100-600 g/m 2 .
  • the paper material according to the present invention advantageously does not cause skin irritation.
  • This evaluation can be effected by carrying out, for example, a patch test of the occlusive type.
  • the paper material according to the invention preferably has, on the surface, occlusions deriving from partially defibrated leather fibers. These occlusions give the material a characteristic or immediately recognizable appearance.
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to a process for the production of a paper material as defined above and comprises the following steps:
  • tanning agent refers to a compound of the type generally used in the tanning processes of animal hides, that stabilizes the collagen.
  • the addition of the tanning agent in step a) favours the formation of a homogeneous mixture of the leather fibers and cellulose fibers.
  • the tanning agent is within the group which is selected from: mineral tanning agents (e.g. zirconium or aluminium salts), tannins, more preferably vegetable tannins, aldehydes (e.g. glutaraldehyde), tanning oils, or combinations thereof.
  • mineral tanning agents e.g. zirconium or aluminium salts
  • tannins more preferably vegetable tannins
  • aldehydes e.g. glutaraldehyde
  • tanning oils e.g., or combinations thereof.
  • the tanning agent is added in step a) in a dry weight percentage within the range of 0.1-2.0%, more preferably 0.2-0.8%, wherein said percentage refers to the total dry weight of the leather fiber.
  • One or more additives of the type commonly used in the paper industry such as optical brightener agents, dyes, sizing agents, fillers (e.g. calcium carbonate and kaolin) silica, cationic starch, wet-strength agents, etc., are preferably added to the water-based mixture of step a), according to the characteristics desired for the final paper material.
  • optical brightener agents e.g., dyes, sizing agents, fillers (e.g. calcium carbonate and kaolin) silica, cationic starch, wet-strength agents, etc.
  • the dyes are present in a quantity within the range of 0.05 - 10.00% dry weight, wherein said percentage refers to the total dry weight of the mixture.
  • step b) is preceded by a refining step of the mixture of step a), more preferably with the use of conical or disc refiners.
  • Steps b) and c), in particular, can be effected with a continuous machine for the production of paper.
  • the paper material obtained at the end of step c) is preferably subjected to one or more finishing steps selected from the group comprising calendering, embossing, corrugation, coupling and coating.
  • the coating can be effected using techniques and equipment known to skilled person in the field, such as air knife coating, curtain coating, stiff blade, bent blade, metering and film press.
  • the present invention relates to the paper material obtained according to the above-mentioned production process.
  • the present invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned paper material for producing a biodegradable multilayer composite material together with one or more non-paper materials, in particular biodegradable plastic films, i.e. films comprising biodegradable polymers, such as cellulose acetate, PBS (polybutylenesuccinate), PHA (polyhydroxyalcanoate), Mater-Bi ® , PLA (polylactic acid), etc.
  • biodegradable plastic films i.e. films comprising biodegradable polymers, such as cellulose acetate, PBS (polybutylenesuccinate), PHA (polyhydroxyalcanoate), Mater-Bi ® , PLA (polylactic acid), etc.
  • the present invention relates to a biodegradable multilayer composite material comprising at least one layer of the paper material described above, laminated with at least one biodegradable film.
  • Such composite material can be advantageously used for preparing biodegradable or compostable end-products, which can be used, for example, in the packaging and agricultural fields.
  • biodegradable films that can be used for the purposes of the present invention are known to skilled persons in the field and can be found on the market.
  • These films comprise biodegradable polymers such as, for example, polymers and copolymers of hydroxy acids (so-called poly(hydroxy acids)) - in particular polymers and copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid -, cellulose polymers, hydroxyalkanoate polymers (e.g. polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), biodegradable copolyesters (e.g. polybutylenesuccinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate), polycaprolactones (PCLs) and starch-based polymers.
  • biodegradable polymers such as, for example, polymers and copolymers of hydroxy acids (so-called poly(hydroxy acids)) - in particular polymers and copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid -, cellulose polymers,
  • the multilayer composite materials according to the present invention can be prepared by means of processes known to skilled persons in the field.
  • Example 1 Paper material with 60% of leather fibers and 40% of cellulose fibers (cellulose soft wood NBSK) .
  • Composition 1
  • composition 1 The materials of composition 1 were introduced into a vat and refined for 10 minutes, by means of conical refiners, in order to obtain the homogenization of the fibrous component.
  • the mixture obtained equal to 1,090 kg was added to a Fourdrinier continuous machine for the production of paper, with a production of 1,000 kg/h and a rate of 22 m/min, obtaining a reel of paper material.
  • the final grammage of the paper material obtained was about 700 g/m 2 , whereas the thickness was 1,100 microns.
  • the final absolute humidity of the paper material was equal to 12%.
  • the paper material is biodegradable, recyclable and reducible to pulp. This latter feature makes the material suitable for further transformations of the paper process.
  • Table 1 hereunder, item A shows the characteristics of the paper material obtained.
  • Example 2 paper material with 15% of leather fibers and optical bleacher for printing .
  • Composition 2 is a composition of Composition 2:
  • composition 2 The materials of composition 2 were dosed and the following products were added: cationic starch 15 kg dry, aluminium polychloride 30 kg as such, colloidal silica 4.5 kg dry and 30 kg of sizing agent based on AKD for the sizing of the paper. The latter materials are useful for retention.
  • the mixture was homogenized with a pulper, stored in a vat and dosed on a Fourdrinier continuous paper machine.
  • the rate of the machine was 120 m/min, with an hourly production of 1,200 kg/h.
  • a final smoothing was effected to make the paper suitable for printing.
  • the final absolute humidity of the paper material was 7.0%.
  • the production yield was equal to 2,700 kg as reels which were subsequently cut into sheets.
  • the grammage of the paper was 120 g/m 2 .
  • a solution of starch was applied to the surface by means of a size-press machine, in order to improve the surface characteristics of the paper and make it suitable for printing.
  • a paper material was obtained, that is recyclable, reducible to pulp, biodegradable, compostable and sized.
  • the presence of the optical brightener agents makes the paper whiter, favouring its use as printing and writing paper.
  • the presence of bundles of leather fibers gives the paper a characteristic appearance.
  • Table 1 hereunder, item B shows the characteristics of the paper material obtained.
  • Example 3 paper material in reel of printing paper with 300 of leather fibers having a natural colour.
  • Composition 3 is a composition of Composition 3:
  • composition 3 cationic starch 15 kg dry, aluminium polychloride 30 kg as such, colloidal silica 4.5 kg dry, and 30 kg of size agent based on AKD for sizing the paper. These latter materials are useful for retention.
  • the mixture was homogenized with a pulper, stored in a vat and subsequently dosed on a Fourdrinier continuous paper machine.
  • the rate of the machine was equal to 70 m/min, with an hourly production of 1,400 kg/h.
  • the absolute humidity of the final paper material was equal to 7.5%.
  • the production yield was equal to 4,200 kg.
  • the paper grammage was 250 g/m 2 .
  • a starch solution was applied to the surface with a film-press machine in order to improve the surface characteristics of the paper, thus making the same suitable for printing.
  • a paper material was obtained, which is recyclable, reducible to pulp, biodegradable, compostable and sized.
  • the presence of bundles of leather fibers gives the paper a characteristic appearance.
  • Table 1 hereunder, item C indicates the characteristics of the paper material obtained. Due to the presence of animal fibers, a test was carried out for assessing skin irritability (patch test of the occlusive type) which gave a negative result.
  • Example 4 black paper material, with 300 of leather fibers, coloured with direct dyes .
  • Composition 4 is a composition having Composition 4:
  • composition 4 cationic starch 20 kg dry, aluminium polychloride 40 kg as such, colloidal silica 5.5 kg dry, and 30 kg of sizing agent on AKD for sizing the paper. These latter materials are useful for retention.
  • the mixture was homogenized with a pulper, stored in a vat for dyeing and then dosed on a Fourdrinier continuous paper machine.
  • the rate of the machine was 120 m/min, with an hourly production of 1,200 kg/h in a reel.
  • a final smoothing was effected to make the paper suitable for main paper transformations, in particular lamination.
  • the final absolute humidity of the paper material was 7.0%.
  • the production yield was equal to 4,250 kg.
  • the paper grammage was 250 g/m 2 .
  • a solution of starch and direct black dye was applied to the surface with a size-press machine, in order to improve the surface characteristics of the paper and increase the colour intensity of the paper.
  • Table 1 indicates the characteristics of the material obtained.
  • Example 5 Coated paper with 300 of leather fibers.
  • a paper reel produced according to example 3, of 250 g/m 2 was coated with an air knife coating machine applying a coating equal to 10 g/m 2 .
  • the dry product of the coating was 35% and the pH was adjusted to a value of 8.5 with NaOH.
  • composition of the dry coating :
  • polymethyl urea 100 kg precipitated calcium carbonate 200 kg kaolin 100 kg styrene-butadiene latex 300 kg Insolubilizing agents 15 kg Dispersing and wetting agents 5 kg Thickening agents 6 kg NaOH 1 kg Optical bleacher 4 kg.
  • Table 1 indicates the characteristics of the material obtained.
  • Example 6 Embossing of the paper material according to the present invention
  • a paper reel produced according to example 2 (15% of leather fibers and optical brightener agents) of 120 g/m 2 was embossed with a UNIMATEC embosser at a rate of 100 m/min, a temperature of 75°C and a pressure of 80 bar.
  • the steel marking cylinder was characterized by a width of 150 cm and a diameter of 25.34 cm.
  • the absolute humidity of the final marked paper was 7.0%.
  • a paper material was obtained with a surface marking similar to canvas.
  • the paper material thus obtained can be used for example in the coating of boxes.
  • Example 7 biodegradable multilayer composite material
  • a paper reel produced according to example 3 (30% of leather fibers and a natural colour) of 250 g/m 2 was cut by means of a Jagemberg SYNCHRO cutter into a format of 72x102 cm and was coupled on a PAPERPLAST WD coupling machine with a cellulose acetate film ACE BLUE of CLARIFOIL of 32 g/m 2 using 4 g/m 2 of a biodegradable adhesive (aqueous dispersion based on polyester-polyurethane elastomers - EPOTAL P100 Eco of BASF).
  • the absolute humidity of the final laminated paper was 7.0%, whereas the final grammage was 286 g/m 2 .

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Matériau de papier dans lequel le composant fibreux comprend des fibres de cuir dans un pourcentage compris entre 5 et 80% en poids sec et des fibres de cellulose dans un pourcentage compris entre 95 et 20% en poids sec, dans lequel lesdits pourcentages en poids sec sont basés sur le poids sec total du composant fibreux, et dans lequel lesdites fibres de cuir et lesdites fibres de cellulose forment un mélange homogène au moyen d'un agent tannant.
  2. Matériau de papier selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites fibres de cuir ont une longueur comprise entre 0,1 et 30 mm, de préférence entre 1 et 20 mm, de manière davantage préférée entre 4 et 15 mm.
  3. Matériau de papier selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les fibres de cuir sont obtenues par défibrage du cuir, de préférence du cuir obtenu à partir de déchets de l'industrie du tannage et de la transformation du cuir.
  4. Matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les fibres de cuir sont obtenues à partir de cuir tanné par des procédés de tannage n'utilisant pas de chrome, de préférence un tannage végétal ou un tannage blanc humide.
  5. Matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit matériau de papier a une conductivité électrique comprise entre 1×10-7 et 1×10-10 S/m, de manière davantage préférée entre 1×10-8 et 1×10-9 S/m.
  6. Matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit matériau présente une humidité absolue comprise entre 4 et 12%, de préférence entre 5 et 10%.
  7. Matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit matériau a une valeur en gros comprise entre 1,2 et 1,8, de préférence entre 1,4 et 1,7.
  8. Matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ayant une teneur en azote organique comprise entre 1 et 12%, de préférence entre 3 et 6%.
  9. Matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant des occlusions à la surface provenant de fibres partiellement défibrées.
  10. Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de papier tel que défini dans les revendications précédentes 1 à 9, comprenant les étapes suivantes:
    a) la préparation d'un mélange à base d'eau comprenant des fibres de cellulose et des fibres de cuir, dans lequel les fibres de cuir sont présentes dans un pourcentage compris entre 5 et 80% en poids sec et les fibres de cellulose dans un pourcentage compris entre 95 et 20% en poids sec, dans lequel lesdits pourcentages en poids sec sont basés sur le poids sec total de la somme des fibres de cellulose et des fibres de cuir;
    a-1) l'ajout d'un agent tannant au mélange à base d'eau de ladite étape a);
    b) la formation d'une couche dudit mélange sur une grille d'égouttage et l'égouttage de l'eau contenue dans ledit mélange; et
    c) le séchage dudit mélange égoutté de manière à former ledit matériau de papier.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ledit agent tannant est ajouté au mélange à base d'eau de l'étape a) dans un pourcentage de poids sec compris entre 0,1 et 2,0%, de préférence entre 0,2 et 0,8%, dans lequel ledit pourcentage est basé sur le poids sec total des fibres de cuir.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 ou 11 dans lequel ladite étape b) est précédée d'une étape de raffinage du mélange de l'étape a), de manière davantage préférée en utilisant des raffineurs coniques ou à disque.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12 dans lequel, à la fin de l'étape c), ledit matériau de papier est soumis à une ou plusieurs étapes de raffinage choisies dans le groupe comprenant le calandrage, le gaufrage, l'ondulation, le couplage et le revêtement.
  14. Utilisation du matériau de papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 pour la fabrication d'un matériau composite multicouche biodégradable avec un ou plusieurs matériaux non papier, en particulier des films plastiques biodégradables, tels que les PHA (polyhydroxyalcanoates), le materBi®, le PLA (acide polylactique).
  15. Matériau composite multicouche biodégradable comprenant au moins une couche d'un matériau de papier selon la revendication 1, stratifié avec au moins un film biodégradable.
EP16186411.1A 2015-08-31 2016-08-30 Matériau de papier comprenant des fibres de cellulose et des fibres de cuir et son procédé de production Active EP3135810B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUB2015A003307A ITUB20153307A1 (it) 2015-08-31 2015-08-31 Materiale cartaceo comprendente fibre cellulosiche e fibre di cuoio e processo per la sua produzione.

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EP3135810A1 EP3135810A1 (fr) 2017-03-01
EP3135810B1 true EP3135810B1 (fr) 2023-07-12

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112593447A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-02 陕西科技大学 一种利用固体废物生产绒面纸的方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1269905A (en) * 1915-07-29 1918-06-18 Reginald W Bird Fibrous material and method of making the same.
US1211837A (en) * 1916-02-26 1917-01-09 Robert L Fowler Manufacture of flexible bituminous roofing and waterproofing materials.
US2104996A (en) * 1937-03-11 1938-01-11 Sherman Paper Products Corp Manufacture of corrugated paper
US2635958A (en) * 1947-02-04 1953-04-21 Riegel Paper Corp Method of producing porous paper
FR2451962A1 (fr) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-17 Ato Chimie Materiau composite a base de fibres de cuir et procede pour sa fabrication

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EP3135810A1 (fr) 2017-03-01
ES2956679T3 (es) 2023-12-26

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