EP3128284A1 - Procédé et appareil permettant de concentrer l'énergie électromagnétique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant de concentrer l'énergie électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3128284A1
EP3128284A1 EP15275182.2A EP15275182A EP3128284A1 EP 3128284 A1 EP3128284 A1 EP 3128284A1 EP 15275182 A EP15275182 A EP 15275182A EP 3128284 A1 EP3128284 A1 EP 3128284A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic radiation
atmospheric
dimensional
portions
selected portions
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Ceased
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EP15275182.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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designation of the inventor has not yet been filed The
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BAE Systems PLC
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BAE Systems PLC
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Priority to EP15275182.2A priority Critical patent/EP3128284A1/fr
Priority to PCT/GB2016/051004 priority patent/WO2016162697A1/fr
Publication of EP3128284A1 publication Critical patent/EP3128284A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/005—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam
    • F41H13/0062—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam causing structural damage to the target

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for concentrating electromagnetic energy and, more particularly but not necessarily exclusively, to a method and apparatus for capturing and concentrating or focussing high power electromagnetic energy (for example, solar or radio frequency energy) onto a specified region, for example, a moving target aerial platform, for use as a weapon so as to effect damage to said target.
  • high power electromagnetic energy for example, solar or radio frequency energy
  • an electromagnetic energy concentrator apparatus for capturing electromagnetic energy and focussing said energy onto a specified target
  • the apparatus comprising an electromagnetic radiation source and a control system configured to cause electromagnetic radiation from said source to be applied to a selected plurality of three-dimensional portions of an atmospheric volume in a propagation path of said electromagnetic energy so as to heat and/or ionise the air within said portions, wherein said selected portions are spatially located together in a three-dimensional configuration so as to simulate an electromagnetic radiation path modifying element for capturing said electromagnetic energy and directing and/or converging said captured energy toward a focal point at or adjacent to said specified target.
  • the selected portions may be spatially located together in a substantially unbroken three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the three-dimensional shape of a simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element.
  • the selected portions may be configured such that the non-selected portions are in a configuration corresponding to a three-dimensional shape of a simulated physical electromagnetic radiation path modifying device.
  • the selected portions may be spatially located together in a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to an annulus having a non-circular cross-section.
  • the electromagnetic radiation path modifying element simulated by said selected portions may be a lens, and wherein said control system may be configured to cause electromagnetic radiation from said source to be applied to said selected plurality of three-dimensional portions so as to heat the air therein and change the refractive index thereof.
  • the electromagnetic radiation path modifying element simulated by said selected portions is a converging lens and said selected portions may be spatially located together in a concave lens configuration.
  • the atmospheric element may be operative to simulate a converging lens and the non-selected portions may be spatially located together in a convex lens configuration.
  • the electromagnetic radiation path modifying element simulated by said selected portions may be a diffractive lens and said selected portions may define a plurality of three-dimensional shapes, each spatially separated from each other within said atmospheric volume.
  • the three-dimensional shapes, spatially separated may define a plurality of concentric transmissive and adjacent substantially opaque regions in the form of a zone plate.
  • the electromagnetic radiation path modifying element simulated by said selected portions may be a reflective device and the control system may be configured to cause electromagnetic radiation from said source to be applied to said selected plurality of three-dimensional portions so as to ionise the air therein.
  • the atmospheric volume may be divided into an array of three dimensional portions, and said control system is configured to cause said electromagnetic radiation from said source to be applied to said selected portions.
  • the electromagnetic radiation source may comprise a beam steering mechanism for selectively steering a beam of electromagnetic radiation output therefrom, said control system optionally being communicably coupled to said beam steering mechanism and configured to generate signals for steering said beam of electromagnetic radiation relative to said atmospheric volume so as to sequentially apply electromagnetic radiation to said selected portions.
  • the apparatus may comprise a beam splitting module for splitting a beam output from said electromagnetic radiation source into a plurality of paths corresponding to respective locations of selected portions.
  • the electromagnetic radiation source may comprise one or more laser sources.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a monitoring module for monitoring atmospheric conditions along the path between the electromagnetic radiation source and the simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element including within the element itself and the surrounding volume of said element, generating data representative thereof, and transmitting said data to said control system which is further configured to adjust at least one characteristic of said electromagnetic radiation applied to said selected portions of said atmospheric volume so as to compensate for atmospheric distortion.
  • a monitoring module for monitoring atmospheric conditions along the path between the electromagnetic radiation source and the simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element including within the element itself and the surrounding volume of said element, generating data representative thereof, and transmitting said data to said control system which is further configured to adjust at least one characteristic of said electromagnetic radiation applied to said selected portions of said atmospheric volume so as to compensate for atmospheric distortion.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a quality monitoring module for monitoring the performance of the simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element against a predefined set of desired criteria, and generating signals to dynamically adjust beam steering/splitting and/or power of the electromagnetic radiation source so as to reduce or eliminate deviation of the properties and characteristics of the simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element from that which is defined by the predefined criteria.
  • a quality monitoring module for monitoring the performance of the simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element against a predefined set of desired criteria, and generating signals to dynamically adjust beam steering/splitting and/or power of the electromagnetic radiation source so as to reduce or eliminate deviation of the properties and characteristics of the simulated electromagnetic radiation path modifying element from that which is defined by the predefined criteria.
  • the apparatus may comprise a tracking module for obtaining or receiving tracking signals representative of a path of movement of the specified target and provide said tracking signals to the control system, wherein the control system is optionally configured to adjust at least one characteristic of the electromagnetic radiation applied to said selected portions of said atmospheric volume so as to adjust one or more of the size, location and orientation of the atmospheric electromagnetic radiation path modifying device.
  • a method of creating an atmospheric electromagnetic radiation path modifying element operative to simulate an electromagnetic energy concentrator comprising applying electromagnetic radiation to a selected plurality of three-dimensional portions of an atmospheric volume, located within a path of said electromagnetic energy, so as to heat and/or ionise the air within said portions, wherein said selected portions are spatially located together in a substantially unbroken three-dimensional configuration.
  • control system for apparatus substantially as described above, configured to be communicably coupled to said electromagnetic radiation source
  • said control system comprising a database on which is stored data representative of a three-dimensional configuration of a plurality of three-dimensional element, and a processor for mapping said stored three-dimensional configuration of elements to an atmospheric volume, the processor being further configured to generate actuation signals configured to cause said electromagnetic radiation source to apply electromagnetic radiation to a selected plurality of portions of said atmospheric volume so as to heat and/or ionise the air therein, said selected portions being spatially located together in substantially the same configuration as said stored three-dimensional configuration of elements.
  • aspects of the present invention operate on the principle of using one or more laser devices to selectively alter the refractive index and/or cause ionisation of portions of a three-dimensional region of the atmosphere so as to create or simulate an electromagnetic radiation path modifying component of a desired size and having selected radiation modifying properties for use as an electromagnetic energy concentrator in a directed energy weapon system.
  • the volume of the atmosphere in which an electromagnetic radiation path modifying component is required to be created can be considered as a cell matrix 10 comprised of M rows and N columns or layers of 'cells' 12, wherein a cell is simply a predefined three-dimensional portion of the matrix.
  • each cell is identical in size and shape, but this is not essential, and the present invention is not necessarily intended to be limited in this regard.
  • the number of cells in the vertical dimension of the cell matrix may vary.
  • the cell matrix may be of any desired size, shape and number of cells.
  • the three dimensional structure of an electromagnetic radiation path modifying device can be defined in terms of a number of cells 12 in a desired configuration, and it is these cells that will then be targeted by the laser source in order to effect the desired change in their respective properties (either by ionisation to cause reflective regions or heating to cause a change in refractive index).
  • Ionised air has reflective properties.
  • some aspects of the principles employed in the present invention operate on the principle that by ionising a volume of air can cause it to reflect a beam of electromagnetic radiation as it hits that volume, in a manner similar to a mirror or similarly reflective device.
  • a mixture of the two principles can be used to create a diffractive element, as will be described in more detail later.
  • a three dimensional atmospheric component can be created using a high power electromagnetic radiation source.
  • a pulsed power laser may be employed, and the 'Kerr' effect exploited therewith in order to attain self focussing of the laser beam at a required point (i.e. within the selected cell).
  • CW continuous wave
  • the lasers are configured to selectively heat or ionise the atmosphere, thus changing its refractive index and electromagnetic properties such that electromagnetic energy passing through the heated cells is refracted and/or electromagnetic energy hitting the ionised cells is reflected.
  • apparatus used to effect one exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises at least one laser source 14 mounted in an enclosure 15.
  • the laser source 14 is a pulsed power laser source configured to emit high power laser pulses toward the cell matrix 10 via a laser transparent aperture 16.
  • An reflective device, i.e. mirror, 18 is mounted on a dual-axis actuator (not shown) in the main laser output path, the actuator being communicably coupled with a control system that is configured to cause the actuator (and, therefore, the mirror 18) to move thereby to selectively direct the laser output through the aperture 16 toward selected cells 12 of the matrix 10.
  • the control system may, for example, be configured to cause the laser output to be scanned across the cell matrix providing a pulse (or more than one pulse) to each selected cell, either via a raster pattern or a pattern optimised to suit the type of radiation modifying component required to be created and its operational requirements.
  • the laser pulse is self-focussing by means of the 'Kerr' effect, thereby enabling it to deliver enough concentrated power to heat or ionise the cell at which it is directed.
  • the Kerr effect is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field.
  • its electric field is sufficiently high to change the refractive index of the air.
  • the cross-sectional area of the pulse (perpendicular to the direction of propagation) can be thought of as shrinking with distance (due to the differences in refractive index), thus bringing the pulse to an intense focus at some point down range of the laser, in this case at the selected cell.
  • This intense focus is of sufficiently high intensity to heat or ionise the cell to change its refractive index and/or other radiation modifying properties.
  • One or more pulses may be provided per cell, dependent upon the desired effect and environmental conditions. It may also be necessary to periodically re-supply laser pulses to all selected cells to maintain the required change in refractive index and other radiation modifying properties for as long as the electromagnetic radiation path modifying component is required.
  • two CW (continuous wave) laser sources 20, 22 may be provided in respective enclosures 24, 26, each having a laser transparent aperture 28, 30 therein.
  • each laser system is provided with a mirror 32, 34 mounted on a dual-axis actuator (not shown) communicably coupled to a control system (not shown). Operation of the system is similar, in principle, to that described previously with reference to Figure 2 of the drawings except, in this case, two (or more) spatially separated CW lasers (which may be mounted on the same platform or across different platforms) are used to selectively heat/ionise the atmosphere in each required cell.
  • Such scanning may be performed on the basis of a control system configured to maintain a predetermined spatial separation and orientation between the atmospheric component and the electromagnetic radiation source.
  • Such scanning may be performed using a control system configured to direct the source(s) at specific coordinates corresponding to specific respective absolute locations within the atmosphere.
  • a beam splitter could be employed to split a laser beam into numerous new paths corresponding to the configuration of a plurality of respective cells to be targeted.
  • a plurality of such cells could be targeted simultaneously, without the need for scanning a single laser path across the cell matrix.
  • the illustrated lens 40 is of a double concave lens configuration (i.e. opposite to the normal double convex lens configuration of a physical converging lens, since then heating of the cells causes the refractive index of the air therein to be decreased) and, in the example shown, has been created generally centrally within the cell matrix 10 with its longitudinal axis in line with the generally central vertical axis of the matrix 10.
  • the cells corresponding to the three-dimensional 'structure' of a double concave lens are heated, for example using one of the methods described above, thereby to reduce the refractive index of those cells relative to the surrounding cells, and cause the rays of an incoming beam 41 of electromagnetic radiation to be refracted as they enter the component 40 and converge to a focal point 42.
  • the refractive index (n2) of the heated region is less than that (n1) of the unheated region 10.
  • the component 40 is a three-dimensional region within the cell matrix comprised of a plurality of atmospheric cells, each of which has been heated in order to attain the required refractive index.
  • a converging lens may be created by heating the cells surrounding a three-dimensional configuration of cells in the shape of a convex lens (similar in form to that of a conventional converging lens).
  • the resultant atmospheric element would comprise a convex lens-shaped region of unheated cells surrounded by a body of heated cells.
  • the body of heated cells may form an annulus having, for example, a double convex cross-section.
  • a control system may be employed to ensure that the correct amount of laser power is applied to each cell in order to attain the required level of heating, having regard to environmental factors and the refractive index change required to be achieved.
  • the laser power can simply be removed, and the atmospheric cells will quickly return to their normal state.
  • the refractive index of the heated cells forming the lens structure is substantially constant, and varying radiation modifying properties can be achieved by the geometry of the component (i.e. size, profile, 'thickness').
  • the geometry of the component i.e. size, profile, 'thickness'.
  • it is just the geometry of the three dimensional volume of heated cells that defines the function of the resultant lens.
  • a Fresnel zone plate 46 is defined substantially diagonally across the cell matrix 10.
  • the zone plate 46 is formed of concentric rings of heated cells, diametrically separated by unheated cell regions, or it may be formed of concentric rings of ionised cells (reflective) diametrically separated by regions of heated or unheated cells (transmissive).
  • the resultant component combines refraction with the diffractive effects from boundaries between regions of significantly different refractive index and/or electromagnetic properties.
  • more complex components can be created by varying both the geometry and the refractive indices within the atmospheric 'structure'.
  • FIG. 6 and 6A of the drawings a focussing arrangement is illustrated which is comprised of two reflective atmospheric lenses 50, 52.
  • two spatially separated cell matrices 10a, 10b are defined, both of which are three-dimensional concave elements (relative to the incoming beam of electromagnetic radiation 54).
  • the atmospheric reflective lenses 50, 52 are formed by ionisation of selected cells (in a configuration matching the required 'structure' and orientation of the respective lenses within the cell matrices 10a,10b.
  • the ionisation of the cells for both lenses may be effected by means of a pair of laser sources 55a, 55b mounted, for example, in or on a platform.
  • a single laser source could be used to create two or more spatially separated atmospheric components.
  • an incoming beam 54 of electromagnetic radiation such as solar radiation or radio frequency electromagnetic radiation from a directed energy weapon system, hits the first reflective lens 50 and is reflected and converged toward the second reflective lens 52. The beam 54 is then reflected and converged by the second reflective lens 52 toward a specified region.
  • the cell matrices 10a, 10b are 'upright' and the orientation of the atmospheric elements is achieved by the pattern of the ionised/heated cells.
  • the cell matrix itself may be oriented to match the required orientation of the radiation path modifying element and, in this case, the populated cell pattern (relative to the cell matrix) will always be the same for a particular element of a specified size.
  • a more 'curved' profile of the elements thus created may be achieved by varying the degree of heating/ionisation in the peripheral populated cells.
  • an apparatus for use in an electromagnetic energy concentrator apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for creating the primary objective electromagnetic radiation path modifying element for electromagnetic radiation 'collection' comprises a control module 100 communicably coupled to, for example, a dual-axis actuator on which a reflective component is mounted within a laser system such as that described above with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings.
  • a laser system may, for example, be mounted on or in relation to an aerial platform, for example.
  • the control module 100 comprises a processor 102 communicably coupled to a database 104.
  • the database has stored therein data representative of one or more cell matrices, representative of respective atmospheric volumes, and the cells therein that need to be 'populated' (i.e. heated or ionised) in order to construct a respective three-dimensional atmospheric electromagnetic radiation path modifying element.
  • data may also include information as to the degree of ionisation/heating required to be maintained in order to achieve the required electromagnetic radiation modifying characteristics of the element.
  • the database may simply include a single 'template' or populated cell matrix, bespoke to the platform or application in which the respective atmospheric element is to be used.
  • the database may include a plurality of different such templates from which a required component can be selected for use, as required.
  • a sensor (not shown) may be provided for monitoring the angle of incidence of the principal electromagnetic energy rays and the processor is configured to receive such sensor signals, via an interface 106, together with tracking signals from, for example, a radar tracking device, representative of the relative location of a target platform, and in response thereto retrieve data representative of the size and orientation of the required electromagnetic radiation path modifying component in order to focus the electromagnetic energy onto the target platform.
  • Electromagnetic radiation sensors and trackers are known in the art for detecting and tracking electromagnetic signals, and such devices will be known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the angle of incidence of the solar radiation may be predicted using the date, time of day and geographic location together with a defined table of solar positions, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.
  • Feedback may be from the quality monitoring module (described below) in order to ensure that the effectiveness of the electromagnetic energy concentrator is optimised according to the location of the electromagnetic energy source (e.g. the sun or a radio frequency directed energy weapon) and angle of incidence, as well as the relative location of the target platform.
  • the processor 102 in response to the sensor signal(s), searches the database 104 for the populated cell matrix data corresponding to the size and/or orientation of the atmospheric component required to be created, and retrieves the associated data.
  • a transformation module 108 is provided, which transforms the matrix cell data onto data representative of the real atmospheric matrix cell within which the component is to be created, both in terms of size and orientation thereof, and determines precise coordinates for the location of each real atmospheric cell relative to the corresponding respective cell of the stored matrix, and a mapping module 110 maps the respective population data from the stored cell matrix onto the data representative of the real atmospheric cell matrix accordingly.
  • the processor now knows the precise physical location of each cell in the real atmospheric cell matrix and the cell 'population' pattern required to create the component.
  • a signal processing module 112 is converted, by a signal processing module 112, into a scanning pattern comprised of a pattern of actuation signals configured to move and actuate the laser beam(s) in order to selectively heat/ionise the real atmospheric cell matrix in the required pattern (and to the required degree) to create the three-dimensional atmospheric electromagnetic radiation path modifying element.
  • the actuation signals are configured to control the power and beam steering of the laser source(s) to heat/ionise each selected cell as required.
  • the electromagnetic radiation sensor/tracker tracks the path of the incident electromagnetic energy and also the path of a moving target, and the sensor signals cause the size/orientation of the atmospheric component to be adjusted by the processor accordingly, so as to continuously optimise electromagnetic energy concentration in respect of the target platform.
  • an atmospheric lens monitoring system 116 may be provided within, or communicably coupled to, the control module 100.
  • the atmospheric lens monitoring system 116 may, for example, comprise a low power laser of a suitable wavelength (as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art) to detect atmospheric effects.
  • the monitoring system 116 may form part of a feedback loop with the signal processing module 112 to enable the actuation signals to be adjusted to compensate for atmospheric distortion.
  • the apparatus may comprise a quality monitoring module for monitoring the performance (i.e.
  • an electromagnetic energy (in this case, solar) concentrator apparatus is mounted in or on a moving aerial platform 200.
  • the platform 200 comprises a radar tracker (or receives radar tracking signals from a remote source) which are indicative of an adversary platform 202 in the vicinity thereof.
  • the control system of the apparatus causes an atmospheric electromagnetic radiation path modifying element 204 to be created in the manner described above, using one or more on-board laser source 206.
  • the size, location and orientation of the radiation modifying element 204 is determined by the relative location of the adversary platform 202, as well as the position of the sun 208 in the sky, as described above.
  • the atmospheric radiation path modifying element 204 is operative to converge the solar radiation to create a concentrated or focussed solar energy beam 210 directed onto the adversary target 202.
  • the tracking signals are further utilised to track movement of the adversary platform 202 and adjust the size, location and/or orientation of the radiation modifying element 204 so as to optimally maintain a concentrated solar energy beam 210 on the adversary platform 202 for as long as it is required.
  • the electromagnetic energy source may, in fact, comprise a radio frequency directed energy weapon carried on-board the platform 200, or elsewhere.
  • the system of the present invention is configured to create an atmospheric element that captures and concentrates the RF electromagnetic energy output from such a DEW system, thereby increasing the speed at which it is effective and also providing the opportunity to use lower power RF electromagnetic DEW sources, such that the size, weight and power overhead in respect of an aerial platform can be reduced.
EP15275182.2A 2015-04-10 2015-08-04 Procédé et appareil permettant de concentrer l'énergie électromagnétique Ceased EP3128284A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15275182.2A EP3128284A1 (fr) 2015-08-04 2015-08-04 Procédé et appareil permettant de concentrer l'énergie électromagnétique
PCT/GB2016/051004 WO2016162697A1 (fr) 2015-04-10 2016-04-11 Procédé et appareil destiné à concentrer l'énergie électromagnétique

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15275182.2A EP3128284A1 (fr) 2015-08-04 2015-08-04 Procédé et appareil permettant de concentrer l'énergie électromagnétique

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4999637A (en) * 1987-05-14 1991-03-12 Apti, Inc. Creation of artificial ionization clouds above the earth
US5269288A (en) * 1993-06-02 1993-12-14 Stirbl Robert C Method and apparatus for generating atmospheric solar energy concentrator
US20090171477A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-07-02 Nayfeh Taysir H Laser generated synthetic mega scale aperture for solar energy concentration and harnessing
WO2011057342A1 (fr) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Hong Seow Koh Capteur solaire et procédé de captage d'énergie solaire

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4999637A (en) * 1987-05-14 1991-03-12 Apti, Inc. Creation of artificial ionization clouds above the earth
US5269288A (en) * 1993-06-02 1993-12-14 Stirbl Robert C Method and apparatus for generating atmospheric solar energy concentrator
US20090171477A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-07-02 Nayfeh Taysir H Laser generated synthetic mega scale aperture for solar energy concentration and harnessing
WO2011057342A1 (fr) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Hong Seow Koh Capteur solaire et procédé de captage d'énergie solaire

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BRIAN W. NEISWANDER ET AL: "Plasma Lens for Optical Path Difference Control", AIAA JOURNAL, vol. 50, no. 1, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), pages 123 - 130, XP055212822, ISSN: 0001-1452, DOI: 10.2514/1.J051175 *

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