EP3126553B1 - Kühlmaterial fur oberkleidung - Google Patents

Kühlmaterial fur oberkleidung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3126553B1
EP3126553B1 EP15772318.0A EP15772318A EP3126553B1 EP 3126553 B1 EP3126553 B1 EP 3126553B1 EP 15772318 A EP15772318 A EP 15772318A EP 3126553 B1 EP3126553 B1 EP 3126553B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base fabric
absorbent polymer
highly absorbent
polymer elements
moisture
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EP15772318.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3126553A4 (de
EP3126553A1 (de
Inventor
Michael "Woody" E. BLACKFORD
Wayne Alan SKANKEY
Jeffrey Thomas MERGY
Craig Gates
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Columbia Sportswear North America Inc
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Columbia Sportswear North America Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/16—Processes for the non-uniform application of treating agents, e.g. one-sided treatment; Differential treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A41D13/0053—Cooled garments

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to fabrics used for apparel having enhanced cooling properties, and in particular to fabrics that utilize absorbent polymer elements coupled to a wicking base fabric to enhance cooling.
  • Performance fabric materials such as wicking materials and cooling materials typically take the form of uniform layers that are woven into or otherwise incorporated into the interior of a garment.
  • Cooling fabrics that incorporate a layer of cooling materials such as highly absorbent polymers have shortcomings, particularly when incorporated into the fabric as a continuous layer.
  • a uniform layer of polymer material may impede the transfer of moisture vapor or restrict air passage through the fabric.
  • cooling materials may impede a desired characteristic of the base fabric, such as drape, texture and stretch.
  • the use of a layer of cooling material may impede the breathability (or another function) of the underlying base fabric.
  • EP 1894 482 A2 relates to textile fabrics which are responsive to change in moisture or temperature, which includes a smooth surface with one or more regions having a bound coating of hydrogel exhibiting expansion or contraction in response to change in relative humidity or exposure to liquid sweat.
  • a temperature and moisture responsive textile fabric garment includes a thermal fabric having a smooth outer surface, and a plurality of discrete regions of hydrogel disposed in a pattern corresponding to one or more predetermined regions of a user's body and bound to the smooth outer surface of the thermal fabric.
  • the hydrogel exhibits expansion or contraction in response to change in relative humidity or exposure to liquid sweat, adjusting insulation performance, air movement or liquid management of the textile fabric.
  • US 2003/0208831 A1 discloses a cooling garment constructed, at least in part, of a cooling fabric.
  • the cooling fabric includes an upper layer that includes a water-resistant fabric, a lower layer that includes a water-resistant fabric, a plurality of chambers disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer.
  • the upper layer and the lower layer are connected by stitching using a water wickable thread, and a superabsorbent polymer is contained within a majority of the chambers.
  • WO 2013/044108 A1 discloses a fabric or other material used for apparel and other goods having designed performance characteristics. It discloses also methods and apparatuses that utilize a pattern of performance elements coupled to a base fabric to manage one or more performance characteristics while maintaining the desired properties of the base fabric.
  • a first array of performance elements directs or absorbs or emits heat, wicks moisture, or a combination thereof and a second array of second performance elements coupled to the base material in a second zone performs a second function comprising directing or absorbing heat or wicking moisture, or a combination thereof.
  • the first array comprises a heat directing polymer and the second array comprises a cooling polymer.
  • the description may use perspective-based descriptions such as up/down, back/front, and top/bottom. Such descriptions are merely used to facilitate the discussion.
  • Coupled may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical contact. However, “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still cooperate or interact with each other.
  • a phrase in the form "A/B” or in the form “A and/or B” means (A), (B), or (A and B).
  • a phrase in the form "at least one of A. B. and C” means (A), (B), (C).
  • a and B means (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C).
  • a phrase in the form "(A)B” means (B) or (AB) that is, A is an optional element.
  • cooling materials for clothing and other body gear may use a discontinuous pattern (whether interconnected or having independent elements) of highly absorbent polymer elements coupled to a body-facing surface of a base fabric that has a low resistance to moisture spread (e.g., a high wicking rate).
  • the highly absorbent polymers may leave portions of the base fabric exposed, for example, areas of the base fabric may be left uncovered between or among the highly absorbent polymer elements.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements may be significantly more absorbent than the base fabric, such as two. three, four, five, or even ten or more times more absorbent.
  • the cooling materials may be used to manage moisture (e.g.. sweat) and body heat.
  • the base fabric when the cooling material is exposed to moisture, the base fabric may quickly wick the moisture away from the skin. The moisture may then be dispersed through/along the base fabric over a wide surface area via a wicking action, and the highly absorbent polymer elements may begin absorbing moisture, both from the base fabric and directly from the skin. In various embodiments, this process may cause a redistribution of moisture, first from a localized area of the base fabric to a larger area of the base fabric, and then from the base fabric into the highly absorbent polymer elements.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements may retain the moisture close to the skin surface and produce a prolonged evaporative cooling sensation for the user, for example when compared to that produced by the base fabric alone.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements, and the uncovered portions of base fabric therebetween may permit the base fabric to retain certain desired characteristics, such as stretch, drape, breathability, moisture vapor transfer, air permeability, and/or wicking.
  • discontinuous pattern of highly absorbent polymer elements includes an ordered or disordered pattern of independent elements, a matrix of interconnected elements, or a hybrid of both, with portions of the base fabric left exposed and uncovered by the elements between or amongst the discontinuous pattern.
  • absorbance refers to the ability of a fiber or a polymer to absorb moisture, for example by diffusion. Absorbance typically is expressed as a percentage of weight of the starting material.
  • wicking or “wickability” refers to the movement of bulk fluid along or between fibers, for example in a fabric or other textile. As such, a fabric or other textile may have both a high wicking rate and low absorbance.
  • the term “endothermic” as applied to a process refers to a process in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat.
  • the term “endothermic” as used herein refers to a fabric or composition that absorbs heat from its surroundings, for instance upon a change of state or upon absorbing water or other fluids.
  • ⁇ H the change in enthalpy
  • FIGs 1A-1D show several perspective views of one example of a cooling material having a base fabric with a high moisture wicking rate and a discontinuous pattern of highly absorbent polymer elements disposed thereon, including a view of moisture contacting one portion of the body-facing side of the base fabric ( Figure 1A ), a view of the base fabric dispersing the moisture over a large surface area via a wicking action ( Figure 1B ), a view of the highly absorbent polymer elements absorbing moisture from the base fabric ( Figure 1C ), and a view of the moisture evaporating from the absorbent polymer elements through the base fabric and away from the body ( Figure 1D ), in accordance with various embodiments.
  • a cooling material 100 may include a plurality of highly absorbent polymer elements 104 disposed on a base fabric.
  • the base fabric 102 may have a high moisture wicking rate and a low absorbance compared to the absorbance of the highly absorbent polymer elements 104.
  • Wicking rate may be measured using any of a variety of tests known to those of skill in the art. For instance, one measure involves determining the distance a fixed volume of moisture spreads from an emanation point when dropped onto the surface of a fabric. Generally, the greater the distance the moisture travels from the emanation point, the stronger the 'wickability" of the fabric.
  • Other suitable tests of wicking rate include the Vertical Wick Test (e.g.. AATCC 197) and the moisture management test (MMT).
  • AATCC 197 the Vertical Wick Test
  • MMT moisture management test
  • a fabric having a "high wicking rate” wicks at least three inches in ten minutes as measured using the Vertical Wick Test (AATCC 197).
  • the base fabric 102 may absorb about 0 - 2.0% of its weight in moisture, such as about 0.25 - 1.5%. about 0.5 - 1.0%. or about 0.8%.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may absorb about 3.0 - 20% of their weight in moisture, such as about 3.3%, about 5.0%. or about 10%. In some embodiments, the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may absorb even more moisture, such as about 50% or even 100% of their weight in water.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be several fold more absorbent than the base fabric 102, such as about 2X, 3X 4X 5X, 10X, 20X, 50X, 100X, 200X, or even 300X (or more) as absorbent than the base fabric 102.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may absorb about 3.3% moisture by weight as measured under the conditions listed above, whereas the base fabric 102 may absorb only about 0.8% moisture by weight, making for about a four-fold difference in absorbance between the base fabric 102 and the highly absorbent polymer elements 104.
  • this absorbance differential between the base fabric 102 and the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 pulls moisture from the base fabric 102 into the highly absorbent polymer elements 104, thus enhancing evaporative cooling and creating a sensation of dryness in the base fabric 102.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be disposed in a generally discontinuous array or pattern, whereby some of the base fabric 102 may be exposed within or between adjacent highly absorbent polymer elements 104.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be arranged in an array of separate elements, whereas in other embodiments, discussed at greater length below, the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be arranged in an interconnected pattern.
  • a highly absorbent polymer element may take the form of a solid shape or closed loop member, such as a circle, square, hexagon, or other shape.
  • the discontinuous pattern of highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may take the form of a lattice, grid, or other interconnected pattern.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 are positioned on the surface of the base fabric 102 facing the wearer's skin, and as moisture 106 contacts the base fabric 102 ( Figure 1A ) (for instance, in the form of sweat from the skin of the wearer), it begins to spread and disperse laterally through the base fabric 102 ( Figure 1B ) due to the base fabric's high moisture wicking rate and low resistance to moisture spread.
  • the base fabric 102 may be treated with a hydrophilic compound in order to increase its moisture wicking rate or a hydrophobic compound to assist in movement of moisture in a desired direction.
  • the base fabric's lower absorbance (compared to that of the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 ) also permits the moisture to travel freely within the cooling material 100.
  • moisture may then contact the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 and may begin to be absorbed, enhancing evaporative cooling through the base fabric 102 and creating a sensation of dryness for the user.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 pull moisture from the surrounding base fabric 102, causing accelerated evaporation and allowing the base fabric 102 to dry quickly, for example more quickly than base fabric 102 dries without highly absorbent polymer elements 104.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 absorb moisture from the base fabric 102, and this redistribution of the moisture is facilitated both by the absorbance properties of the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 and the base fabric's low resistance to moisture spread and lower absorbance when compared to the highly absorbent polymer elements 104.
  • This redistribution of the moisture from the base fabric 102 to the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 accelerates evaporative cooling from the base fabric 102 (and thereby the skin of the user), and also prepares the cooling material 100 for more prolonged cooling.
  • moisture may have a higher equilibrium concentration in the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 than it has in the base fabric 102. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that this difference in absorbance levels may create a concentration gradient within the cooling material 100 as the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 absorb moisture from the base fabric 102. In various embodiments, the moisture concentration gradient drives moisture out of the base fabric 102 and into the highly absorbent polymer elements 104. As the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 absorb moisture from the base fabric 102, the base fabric 102 is then capable of absorbing more moisture, such as perspiration from the body.
  • moisture retained in the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 causes prolonged evaporation, pulling moisture in a direction away from the skin of the wearer (see arrows) until the cooling material 100 returns to a dry state, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the base fabric 102 may be largely dry, and most of the cooling function of the cooling material 100 may be provided by evaporation from the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 during the prolonged cooling phase.
  • positioning the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 against (or next to) the skin of the wearer may help the wearer to experience a sensation of prolonged evaporative cooling.
  • the cooling fabrics disclosed herein may provide a cooling phase. defined as the period of cooling resulting from evaporation of a particular quantity of liquid/sweat, that lasts 110%, 120%, 150%, 200% (or even more) as long as the cooling phase provided by the base fabric alone.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may include one or more hygroscopic polymers, such as a polymer that may absorb and retain a liquid, and in some examples, may absorb extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its mass.
  • Hygroscopic polymers that absorb large amounts of liquids are referred to as superabsorbent polymers.
  • uch water absorbing polymers which are classified as hydrogels when cross-linked, absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
  • a superabsorbent polymer's ability to absorb water generally is a factor of the ionic concentration of the aqueous solution.
  • a superabsorbent polymer may absorb 500 times its weight (for example, from 30-60 times its own volume) and can become up to 99.9% liquid, but when put into a 0.9% saline solution, the absorbency drops to approximately 50 times its weight.
  • the total absorbance and swelling capacity may be controlled by the type and degree of cross-linkers used to make the gel.
  • Low density cross-linked superabsorbent polymers generally have a higher absorbent capacity and swell to a larger degree. These types of superabsorbent polymers also have a softer and more sticky gel formation.
  • High cross-link density polymers exhibit lower absorbent capacity and swell, but the gel strength is firmer and can maintain particle shape even under modest pressure.
  • Superabsorbent polymers are commonly made from the polymerization of acrylic acid blended with sodium hydroxide in the presence of an initiator to form a poly-acrylic acid sodium salt (e.g., sodium polyacrylate).
  • Other materials also may be used to make a superabsorbent polymer, such as polyacrylamide copolymer, ethlyene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the polymers may be a homopolymer, and may include polysaccharides, polyurethanes. polyamides. polyacrylates.
  • a highly absorbent polymer element may include, for example, any suitable natural or synthetic polymeric material that, in a dry form, is capable of absorbing and storing many times its weight in water.
  • natural gums that may be used in highly absorbent polymer elements include xanthan, agar, pectin, locust bean gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, polyglucomannan gum, cationic guar gum, anionic guar gum, alginate, irish moss, and gum arabic.
  • cellulosics that may be used in highly absorbent polymer elements include methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • synthetic hydrogel polymers that may be used in highly absorbent polymer elements include suitable crosslinked, water-swellable acrylic copolymers.
  • the synthetic hydrogel polymers may include copolymers that include repeat units from one or more monomers selected from (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid. 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonate, vinyl sulfonic acid. and their corresponding ammonia, amine and alkali metal salts, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl alcohol.
  • crosslinking agents selected from N,N-methylenebis(meth)acrylamide, (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, (poly)propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol acrylate methacrylate, ethylene-oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate.
  • cooling polymers may include paraffin (C n H 2n 2+ ), fatty acids (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2n COOH), salt hydrates (M n H 2 O), hygroscopic materials, trimethylolethane, and lauric acid.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements may include polyacrylate and/or sodium polyacrylate mixed or cross-linked with a non-soluble compound, such as polyurethane.
  • styrenic block copolymers which are thermoplastic elastomers that may include at least three blocks, for instance two hard polystyrene end blocks and one soft, elastomeric (e.g., polybutadiene, polyisoprene, or their hydrogenated equivalents) midblock.
  • the hard and soft blocks may be immiscible, so that, on a microscopic scale, the polystyrene blocks form separate domains in the rubber matrix, thereby providing physical cross links to the rubber.
  • HYDROSORBTM from HYDROSORB Inc., Orange, Calif.
  • AQUALIC CA® from Nippon, Shokubai Co., Ltd., Osaka. Japan
  • PERMAXTM from The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, Ohio.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may cover a sufficient surface area of the base fabric 102 to achieve the desired degree of cooling, for example, having a surface coverage area of the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 of about 5 - 50%, about 10 - 40%, about 15 - 30%, or about 20% in various embodiments. This coverage range leaves about 50 - 95%, about 60 - 90%, about 70 - 85%, or about 80% of the base fabric 102 uncovered in various embodiments.
  • a sufficient area of base fabric 102 should be exposed to provide the desired base fabric function (e.g., stretch, drape, texture. breathability, moisture vapor transfer, air permeability, and/or wicking).
  • surface coverage area refers to a measurement taken from seam to seam on a given garment, and does not necessarily correspond to the percentage of the entire garment covered by the highly absorbent polymer elements.
  • the base fabric 102 may be a part of any form of clothing or bodywear, which term is used herein to include anything worn on or used close to the body, including athletic wear such as compression garments, t-shirts. shorts, tights, sleeves, headbands outerwear such as jackets, pants, scarves. shirts, hats, gloves, mittens. footwear such as shoes, boots. slippers, sleepwear, such as pajamas, nightgowns, and robes, undergarments such as underwear, thermal underwear, undershirts, brassieres, socks, hosiery and other items used close to the body, such as bedding. towels and backpacks.
  • athletic wear such as compression garments, t-shirts. shorts, tights, sleeves, headbands outerwear such as jackets, pants, scarves. shirts, hats, gloves, mittens. footwear such as shoes, boots. slippers, sleepwear, such as pajamas, nightgowns, and robes, undergarments such as underwear, thermal underwear, under
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be disposed on a base fabric 102 having one or more desired properties or characteristics.
  • the underlying base fabric 102 may have properties such as air permeability, moisture vapor transfer, and/or wickability, which are common needs for bodywear used in both indoor and outdoor applications.
  • the underlying base fabric 102 may have other desirable attributes. such as abrasion resistance, anti-static properties, anti-microbial activity, water repellence, flame repellence, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, wind resistance, UV protection, resiliency, stain resistance, wrinkle resistance.
  • the areas of uncovered base fabric 102 between and/or inside highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may help allow the base fabric 102 to have a desired drape, look, stretch, and/or texture.
  • suitable base fabrics 102 may include nylon, polyester, rayon, cotton, spandex, wool, silk. or a blend thereof, or any other material having a desired look, feel. weight, thickness, weave, texture, or other desired property.
  • a suitable base fabric 102 is a fabric made from polyester fiber, although any fabric having suitable properties, such as high wickability and very low absorbance may be used.
  • the term "low absorbance" when used with reference to a fabric refers to a fabric having fibers that absorb less than 1.0% moisture by weight when measured at 80% relative humidity and 30°C.
  • configuring the cooling material to allow a designated percentage of the base fabric 102 to remain uncovered by the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may allow that portion of the base fabric 102 to perform the desired functions, while still leaving enough surface area of highly absorbent polymer elements 104 to cool the body to a desired degree.
  • single-layer bodywear may be used, and may be comprised of a single layer of the base fabric 102, whereas other embodiments may use multiple layers of fabric, including, for example, one or more additional layers of the base fabric or another fabric.
  • the base fabric 102 may be used as a fabric lining for bodywear.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be disposed on a lower or inside surface of the base fabric 102 (e.g., an inside surface of the body gear, facing the skin), placing the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 in a good position for absorbing sweat directly from the skin of a user.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be at least partially integrated into or may at least partially permeate base fabric 102. so long as they still face the body of a user.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may have little or no endothermicity. Endothermicity is measured using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). which is a technique that monitors heat effects associated with phase transitions and chemical reactions as a function of temperature.
  • DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
  • the reference is an inert material such as alumina, or just an empty aluminum pan.
  • the temperature of both the sample and reference are increased at a constant rate. Since the DSC is at constant pressure, heat flow is equivalent to enthalpy changes, and can be either positive or negative.
  • heat flow to the sample is higher than that to the reference. Hence ⁇ dH/dt is positive.
  • the absorbance of water by certain materials is an endothermic process.
  • certain materials such as cooling polymers and phase change materials
  • the bulk of the cooling sensation perceived by a user of a cooling fabric incorporating these materials were not deemed suitable for use in cooling fabrics.
  • a highly absorbent polymer for use in the disclosed cooling fabrics may have no endothermic properties.
  • a "non-endothermic" polymer is defined herein to include any polymer having an enthalpy of less than 10 Jg -1 as measured by DSC.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be permanently coupled to the base fabric 102 in a variety of ways by gluing, heat pressing, printing, or stitching.
  • the cooling elements may be coupled to the base fabric by frequency welding, such as by radio or ultrasonic welding.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements 104 may be coupled to the base fabric using gravure coating.
  • the gravure coating process may use an engraved roller running in a coating bath, which fills the engraved dots or lines of the roller with the coating material (e.g.. the gel making up the cooling elements).
  • the gravure coating process may include direct gravure. reverse gravure, or differential offset gravure. and in various embodiments, the coat weight may be controlled by the percent of solids, the gravure volume, the pattern depth, and/or the speed of the gravure cylinder.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements may be applied in a pattern or a continuous or discontinuous array.
  • the highly absorbent polymer elements may take the form of an array of discrete solid or closed loop members, adhered or otherwise secured to the base fabric in a desired pattern. Such a configuration has been found to provide cooling to the user while still allowing the base fabric to perform desired properties (e.g., breathe and stretch).
  • discontinuous, discrete, separate cooling elements may take the form of circles, triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, octagons, stars, crosses, crescents, ovals, or any other solid shape or a substantially closed loop member that includes a center portion inside the closed loop member wherein the base fabric remains exposed.
  • cooling elements may be arranged such that they are in connection with one another, such as stripes or a matrix/lattice pattern or any other pattern that permits partial coverage of the base fabric.
  • the configuration of cooling elements disposed on a base fabric may be in the form of a variety of partially or completely, and the pattern may combine both discontinuous elements (such as those illustrated in Figures 2A - 2H) and interconnected geometrical patterns (such as those illustrated in Figures 3A - 3F ).
  • the pattern of highly absorbent polymer elements may be symmetrical, ordered, random, and/or asymmetrical. Further, as discussed below, the pattern of highly absorbent polymer elements may be disposed on the base fabric at strategic locations to improve the performance of the bodywear. In various embodiments, the size and/or spacing of the highly absorbent polymer elements may also be varied in different areas of the bodywear to balance the need for enhanced cooling properties and preserve the functionality of the base fabric.
  • the placement, pattern, and/or coverage ratio of the cooling elements may vary.
  • the cooling elements may be concentrated in certain areas where cooling may be more critical (e.g., the body core) and non existent or extremely limited in other areas where the function of the base fabric property is more critical.
  • different areas of the bodywear may have different coverage ratios, e.g. 30% at the chest and 5% at the limbs, in order to help optimize, for example, the need for cooling and breathability.
  • the size of the highly absorbent polymer elements may be largest (or the spacing between them may be the smallest) in the core regions of the body for enhanced cooling in those areas. and the size of the highly absorbent polymer elements may be the smallest (or the spacing between them may be the largest) in peripheral areas of the body. In some embodiments, the degree of coverage by the highly absorbent polymer elements may vary in a gradual fashion over the entire garment as needed for regional cooling.
  • This example illustrates a comparison of the heat-managing properties of an existing cooling polymer fabric (Omni Freeze ZeroTM) with a new cooling material that has a discontinuous pattern of highly absorbent polymers coupled to a base fabric that has a low resistance to moisture spread. The temperature of both fabrics was measured after having moisture added using a steamer.
  • Figure 4A illustrates the Delta T of the control cooling polymer fabric
  • Figure 4B illustrates the Delta T of the new cooling material. The new cooling material performed better, reaching a larger Delta T while keeping an extended cooling beyond the control cooling polymer fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ein zur Verwendung mit Körperbekleidung angepasstes Kühlmaterial, umfassend: ein Grundgewebe mit einer hohen Dochtwirkungsrate von mehr als 7,6 cm (3 Zoll) in 10 Minuten, wie durch einen vertikalen Dochttest (AATCC 197) definiert, und mit einer Leistungscharakteristik; und ein oder mehrere diskontinuierliche, hochabsorbierende Polymerelemente, die bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte mindestens 3 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbieren, gekoppelt mit einer dem Körper zugewandten Seite des Grundgewebes, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente beim Absorbieren von Wasser oder anderen Flüssigkeiten eine Enthalpie von weniger als 10 J × g-1 aufweisen, bestimmt mittels DSC, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente mindestens doppelt so absorbierend sind wie das Grundgewebe und wobei die Platzierung und der Abstand des einen oder der mehreren stark absorbierenden Polymerelemente einen Teil des Grundgewebes durch die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente unbedeckt lassen und es dem Grundmaterial ermöglichen, zumindest eine teilweise Leistung der Leistungscharakteristik beizubehalten.
  2. Kühlmaterial nach Anspruch 1, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente mindestens zehnmal so absorbierend sind wie das Grundgewebe.
  3. Kühlmaterial nach Anspruch 1, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte mindestens 10 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbieren.
  4. Kühlmaterial nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Grundgewebe bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte nicht mehr als 1 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbiert.
  5. Kühlmaterial nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Grundgewebe bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte nicht mehr als 0,8 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbiert.
  6. Kühlmaterial nach Anspruch 1, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte mindestens 3,3 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbieren und wobei das Grundgewebe bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte nicht mehr als 0,8 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbiert.
  7. Kühlmaterial nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein Prozentsatz der Oberflächenbedeckung der hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente 5% bis 50% beträgt.
  8. Körperbekleidung, umfassend ein Kühlmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7.
  9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kühlmaterials, umfassend: Auswählen eines Grundgewebes mit einer hohen Dochtwirkungsrate von mehr als 7,6 cm (3 Zoll) in 10 Minuten, wie durch einen vertikalen Dochtest (AATCC 197) definiert, und einer geringen Absorption von nicht mehr als 1 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte und mit einer Leistungscharakteristik; und Koppeln eines oder mehrerer diskontinuierlicher, hochabsorbierender Polymerelemente, die bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte mindestens 3 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbieren, an das Grundmaterial, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente beim Absorbieren von Wasser oder anderen Flüssigkeiten eine Enthalpie von weniger als 10 J × g-1 aufweisen, bestimmt mittels DSC, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente mindestens doppelt so absorbierend sind wie das Grundgewebe und wobei die Platzierung und der Abstand der hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente es dem Grundmaterial ermöglichen, zumindest eine teilweise Leistung der Leistungscharakteristik beizubehalten.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente mindestens viermal so absorbierend sind wie das Grundgewebe.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente mindestens zehnmal so absorbierend sind wie das Grundgewebe.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei die hochabsorbierenden Polymerelemente bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte mindestens 3,3 Gew.-% Feuchtigkeit absorbieren und wobei das Grundgewebe bei 30°C und 80% Luftfeuchte nicht mehr als 0,8 Gew.-Feuchtigkeit absorbiert.
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WO2015153926A1 (en) 2015-10-08
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EP3126553A1 (de) 2017-02-08
CN106574403B (zh) 2019-04-19

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