EP3120440A2 - Electric machine - Google Patents

Electric machine

Info

Publication number
EP3120440A2
EP3120440A2 EP15710752.5A EP15710752A EP3120440A2 EP 3120440 A2 EP3120440 A2 EP 3120440A2 EP 15710752 A EP15710752 A EP 15710752A EP 3120440 A2 EP3120440 A2 EP 3120440A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textile
carbon structures
electrical machine
stator
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15710752.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tabea Arndt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3120440A2 publication Critical patent/EP3120440A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/734—Fullerenes, i.e. graphene-based structures, such as nanohorns, nanococoons, nanoscrolls or fullerene-like structures, e.g. WS2 or MoS2 chalcogenide nanotubes, planar C3N4, etc.
    • Y10S977/742—Carbon nanotubes, CNTs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/961—Specified use of nanostructure for textile or fabric treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine comprising at least one stator and at least one rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator, wherein the stator and / or the rotor comprises at least one electrically conductive conductor winding.
  • Electrical machines or electromechanical converters are used in the art as an electric motor for generating kinetic energy and as a generator for generating electrical energy.
  • Corresponding electrical machines comprise as essential components a stator and a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator.
  • the stator or the rotor comprises electrically conductive conductor windings, which are typically formed from metallic materials, in particular aluminum or copper.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an improved electrical machine.
  • an electrical machine of the type mentioned which according to the invention thereby characterized in that the at least one electrically conductive conductor winding is formed at least in sections from nanoscale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure or comprises nanoscale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure.
  • the present invention relates to an at least one Sta ⁇ gate and at least one relative to the at least one sta- tor rotatably mounted rotor comprising electrically machine.
  • Essential to the electrical machine according to the invention is the special design of a stator and / or a rotatably mounted relative to the rotor rotor associated electrically conductive conductor windings.
  • the stator and / or rotor-side electrically conductive conductor windings hereinafter referred to as conductor windings, are formed according to the invention at least in sections from nano-scale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure. It is also conceivable that the wire windings at least in sections to cover at least a tex ⁇ tilen structure combined nanoscale carbon structures.
  • the stator and / or rotor-side conductor windings of the electrical machine according to the invention therefore have a special structural design.
  • a corresponding conductor winding is therefore at least in sections as formed from nanoska ⁇ time carbon structures textile structure or formed as formed from nanoscale carbon structures textile respectively comprises at least one corresponding conductor Wick ⁇ lung sections, a textile structure or formed from nanoscale carbon ⁇ fabric structures formed of nanoscale carbon structures Textile.
  • Nanoscale carbon structures are to be understood in particular as so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
  • CNTs carbon nanotubes
  • nanoscale indicates the dimensions, particularly the diameter or size of the molecule carbon ⁇ structure towards which typically are in a range between 1 and 100 nm.
  • An advantage of corresponding conductor windings is the fact that due to this, especially when compared to conventional materials for forming corresponding conductor windings, low weight of nanoscale carbon structures and thus corresponding achievable from these educated or this comprehensive fiber coils significantly reduced copy ⁇ tion of the operationally occurring mechanical loads. This aspect is particularly important for elekt ⁇ generic machines which are used in dynamic or transient operating conditions of significance. Such electrical machines are, in particular generators for Ge ⁇ winnung electrical energy, ie in particular in wind ⁇ or hydropower plants implemented.
  • the textile structure of the nanoscale carbon structures also allows a much higher degree of filamentization of the conductor windings and thus a significantly higher winding density compared to conventional conductor windings. Such can be operationally reduce the resultant electrical or electro-thermal losses and thus enhance the thermal Häbe ⁇ rich and the power spectrum of the electrical machine. This aspect in turn is of particular importance for electrical machines which are used in dynamic or transient operating conditions.
  • nanoscale carbon structures in particular in comparison to conventional Leiterwicklungsmateria- lien, such as As aluminum or copper, show a lower temperature dependence of the electrical resistance. In this way, higher working temperatures can be achieved, which in turn extends the thermal working range and thus the power spectrum of the electric machine.
  • a further advantage of corresponding conductor windings can be seen in their excellent mechanical stability, which is due to the excellent mechanical properties of nanoscale carbon structures.
  • corresponding conductor windings distinguished by an excellent chemical stability, in particular towards kor ⁇ rosiven environments from. All in all, an improved electric machine is realized by the principle according to the invention, by the use of corresponding nanoscale carbon structures formed of nanoscale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure or combined to form at least one textile structure.
  • Corresponding textile structures formed from nanoscale carbon structures can, for.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures can therefore be at least partially combined to form at least one textile yarn.
  • the textile yarns can be twisted at least in sections.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures may be at least partially combined to form at least one textile band. Consequently, corresponding conductor windings can be present at least partially, in particular completely, as textile yarns or textile tapes or comprise such.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures have, as a variant of the textile yarn usually round and in the variant of the textile bands usually quadrangular, especially right ⁇ square, cross sections.
  • the cross section of the nanoscale Carbon structures or a textile structure formed therefrom should be selected in particular with regard to specific application or operating conditions of the electrical machine.
  • At least one textile rope is overall.
  • ⁇ NEN be further processed to THEREFORE textile cables, which can be expedient corresponding textile yarns or textile strips Ki with regard to certain applications or the operating conditions of the electrical machine. Consequently, corresponding conductor windings can also be present as textile ropes or comprise such.
  • the or a part of the carbon structures can at least partially, in particular completely, in a by embedded or contained at least one matrix material matrix.
  • the matrix material surrounds the or part of the carbon structures directly.
  • the matrix can serve different purposes.
  • the matrix can z. B. serve as a protection of the carbon structures, in particular mechanical, stresses.
  • the matrix can also serve to establish or stabilize a specific arrangement or orientation of the carbon structures. It is also conceivable that the matrix is used for electrical insulation of the conductor windings to the outside. The list is not lockable ⁇ chd.
  • a corresponding matrix materials are both electrically conductive as well as electrically insulating materials in Be ⁇ costume.
  • an electrically conductive matrix material it may, for.
  • a metal or a metal alloy to thy reference being made only by way of example to aluminum or copper or corresponding alloys.
  • An electrically conductive matrix material can in principle also a, z. B. by appropriate compounding, be electrically conductive plastic.
  • an electrically insulating matrix material it may, for. B. be a thermosetting or thermoplastic plastic, reference being made only by way of example to thermosetting epoxy resins.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures For the purpose of specifically influencing the electrical or thermal conductivity of the carbon structures and thus corresponding conductor windings, provision may be made for the nanoscale carbon structures to be mechanically prestressed. Accordingly, a certain tensile force can be applied to the nanoscale carbon structures, which usually leads to an increase in the electrical or thermal conductivity.
  • the mechanical prestress of the nanoscale carbon ⁇ structures can be realized by biasing this prior to their combination into a textile structure.
  • mechanically prestressed nanoscale carbon structures may have been combined to form a textile structure.
  • the mechanical prestressing of the nanoscale carbon structures can only take place in the state already combined to form a textile structure.
  • stator and / or rotor-side conductor windings must be formed from corresponding carbon structures.
  • first conductor windings or a first group of conductor windings are at least partly formed from carbon structures or comprise Kohlenstoffstruktu ⁇ ren.
  • second conductor windings or a second group of conductor windings can be formed from a metallic material, in particular aluminum or copper.
  • this z. B. mean that stator-side conductor windings are formed of carbon structures or include such and rotor-side conductor windings of a metal, such. As aluminum or copper are formed.
  • the electric machine according to the invention can, for. B. as Ge ⁇ generator of a device for obtaining electrical energy, ie in particular for a wind turbine or for a hydropower plant, be formed.
  • the electric machine according to the invention is designed as an electric motor.
  • the invention also relates to a stator for an inventive electric machine.
  • the stator is characterized THEREFORE is characterized in that it comprises an electrically leit ⁇ capable conductor winding at least ⁇ which, at least portion of at least one textile structure fauxge- nanoscale carbon structures is formed or comprises at least one textile structure summarized nanoscale carbon structures.
  • the invention also relates to a rotor for an electric machine according to the invention.
  • the rotor is characterized as ⁇ by the fact that it comprises an electroconducting ⁇ hige conductor winding at least which is at least partially formed from at least summarized a textile structure nanoscale carbon structures or to at least one textile structure comprises aggregated nanoscale carbon structures.
  • FIGURE shows a schematic diagram of an electrical machine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the only Fig. Shows a schematic diagram of an electrical machine 1 according to an embodiment of the inven ⁇ tion. As can be seen, it is an axial view of the front side of the electric machine 1.
  • the central axis of the electric machine 1 is designated A.
  • the electric machine 1 is part of a device for Ge ⁇ winning electrical energy, such. As a wind or hydroelectric power plant (not shown) and is therefore operated as an electric ⁇ shear generator, ie as an electromechanical converter for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. Since it is in Fig. A schematic diagram of the electrical machine 1, only the information necessary for Veranschauli ⁇ monitoring of the inventive principle components of the electric machine 1 are shown and explained.
  • the electric machine 1 comprises a stator 2 and a thereto, for. B. on a shaft (not shown) around the centering ⁇ ralachse A rotatably mounted rotor 3.
  • the rotatable mounting of the rotor 3 is indicated by the double arrow.
  • the stator 2 and the rotor 3 are arranged coaxially with respect to the central axis A, wherein the stator 2 surrounds the rotor 3.
  • the stator 2 has a stator base body 4, which is typically formed from a plurality of metal sheets or laminated cores, ie a stator yoke.
  • the stator main body 4 is internally circumferentially provided with radially inwardly projecting projections 5, ie so-called stator teeth, between which stator-side electrically conductive conductor windings 6 are arranged.
  • the number, orientation and electrical interconnection of the conductor windings 6 accommodated between respective stator-side projections 5 are in particular measured according to the number of electrical poles of the electrical machine 1.
  • the rotor 3 has a rotor base body 7, ie a so-called rotor yoke.
  • the rotor base body 7 is provided on the outer peripheral side with typically permanent-magnetic, ie, for example, neodymium-based, magnetic elements 8. This is especially true for so-called perma nent ⁇ excited electrical machines 1.
  • so-called elekt ⁇ driven excited electrical machines 1 the magnetic elements 8 are replaced by corresponding packets from the coil Leitermate- rial, thus forming the pole.
  • the stator-side conductor windings 6 are formed from nanoscale carbon structures combined into textile structures and thus present as textiles. In the pooled into textile structures nanoscale carbon structures is so-called carbon nanotubes or carbon nanotubes, lenstoff Genten tubular Koh ⁇ .
  • the textile structures are in particular
  • Textile yarns or textile tapes may be formed from the textile yarns or textile tapes.
  • nanoscale carbon structures or equivalent formed from these textile structures can be mechanically biased, which typically has a po- sitive to their electrical and thermal conductivity from ⁇ and may be advantageous in so far.
  • the formation of the conductor windings 6 from nanoscale carbon structures combined into textile structures requires, in particular with regard to the specific application or operating conditions of the electrical machine 1, a number of advantages which expand the working range and the power spectrum of the electric machine 1 and, accordingly influence positively. This is justified in particular by the fact that the stator-side conductor windings 6 and thus the electric machine 1 overall in comparison to conventional ⁇ electrical machines with aluminum or copper formed conductor windings in mechanical and thermal terms is more demanding without risking a damage-related failure , In addition, the statorsei ⁇ term conductor windings 6 and thus the stator 1 and the electric machine 1 in comparison to conventional electrical machines with aluminum or copper formed th conductor windings due to the relatively low density of corresponding carbon structures easier.
  • the or some of the to textile structures fauxgerox- ten carbon structures may be embedded in a matrix-forming matrix material, immediately surrounded by a Mat ⁇ rixmaterial be.
  • the matrix material may be an electrically conductive, metallic Mat ⁇ rixmaterial such as aluminum or copper, or an electrically insulating matrix material, a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic such as an epoxy resin, act.
  • the matrix can serve different purposes. This includes, for example, a mechanical stabilization and / or electrical insulation of the conductor windings 6 to the outside.
  • stator-type conductor windings 6 are mentioned, it is of course also conceivable that instead of the stator 2 alone the rotor 3 or the rotor main body 7 with corresponding conductor windings 6 is provided. It is also conceivable that both the stator 2 and the rotor 3 and the Rotorground- body 5 is provided with corresponding conductor windings 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric machine (1) comprising at least one stator (2) and at least one rotor (3) mounted to rotate relative to the stator (2), the stator (2) and/or the rotor (3) comprising at least one electrically conductive conductor winding (6), at least some sections of the at least one electrically conductive conductor winding (6) being formed from nano-scale carbon structures that are combined into at least one textile structure, or comprises nano-scale carbon structures that are combined into at least one textile structure.

Description

Beschreibung description
Elektrische Maschine Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Maschine, umfassend wenigstens einen Stator und wenigstens einen relativ zu dem Stator drehbar gelagerten Rotor, wobei der Stator und/oder der Rotor wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklung umfasst. The invention relates to an electric machine comprising at least one stator and at least one rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator, wherein the stator and / or the rotor comprises at least one electrically conductive conductor winding.
Elektrische Maschinen bzw. elektromechanische Wandler werden in der Technik als Elektromotor zur Erzeugung von kinetischer Energie und als Generator zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie eingesetzt. Electrical machines or electromechanical converters are used in the art as an electric motor for generating kinetic energy and as a generator for generating electrical energy.
Entsprechende elektrische Maschinen umfassen als wesentliche Bestandteile einen Stator und einen relativ zu dem Stator drehbar gelagerten Rotor. Der Stator bzw. der Rotor umfasst elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklungen, welche typischerweise aus metallischen Materialien, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder Kupfer, gebildet sind. Corresponding electrical machines comprise as essential components a stator and a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator. The stator or the rotor comprises electrically conductive conductor windings, which are typically formed from metallic materials, in particular aluminum or copper.
Insbesondere bei als Generatoren betriebenen elektrischen Maschinen, welche in Einrichtungen zur Gewinnung regenerativer elektrischer Energie, d. h. insbesondere in Wind- oder Was- serkraftanlagen, eingesetzt werden, treten aufgrund der dort auftretenden dynamischen bzw. transienten Betriebsbedingungen, z. B. bedingt durch unterschiedliche Wind- oder Strö¬ mungsgeschwindigkeiten, insbesondere in den Leiterwicklungen hohe mechanische wie auch elektrothermische Belastungen auf, welche das Leistungsspektrum der elektrischen Maschinen beschränken . Particularly in the case of electric machines operated as generators, which are used in devices for obtaining regenerative electrical energy, that is to say in particular in wind or water power plants, there occur due to the dynamic or transient operating conditions occurring there, eg. B. due to different wind or Strö ¬ tion velocities, especially in the conductor windings high mechanical and electrothermal loads, which limit the power spectrum of electrical machines.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbes- serte elektrische Maschine anzugeben. The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an improved electrical machine.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine elektrische Maschine der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, welche sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch auszeichnet, dass die wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklung zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet ist oder zu wenigstens einer tex- tilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfasst. The object is achieved by an electrical machine of the type mentioned, which according to the invention thereby characterized in that the at least one electrically conductive conductor winding is formed at least in sections from nanoscale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure or comprises nanoscale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine wenigstens einen Sta¬ tor und wenigstens einen relativ zu dem wenigstens einen Sta- tor drehbar gelagerten Rotor umfassende elektrisch Maschine. Wesentlich an der erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine ist die besondere Ausbildung der einem Stator und/oder einem relativ zu dem Stator drehbar gelagerten Rotor zugehörigen elektrisch leitfähigen Leiterwicklungen. Die Stator- und/oder rotorseitigen elektrisch leitfähigen Leiterwicklungen, im Weiteren kurz als Leiterwicklungen bezeichnet, sind erfindungsgemäß zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet. Denkbar ist es auch, dass die Leiter- Wicklungen zumindest abschnittsweise zu wenigstens einer tex¬ tilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfassen. The present invention relates to an at least one Sta ¬ gate and at least one relative to the at least one sta- tor rotatably mounted rotor comprising electrically machine. Essential to the electrical machine according to the invention is the special design of a stator and / or a rotatably mounted relative to the rotor rotor associated electrically conductive conductor windings. The stator and / or rotor-side electrically conductive conductor windings, hereinafter referred to as conductor windings, are formed according to the invention at least in sections from nano-scale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure. It is also conceivable that the wire windings at least in sections to cover at least a tex ¬ tilen structure combined nanoscale carbon structures.
Die Stator- und/oder rotorseitigen Leiterwicklungen der er- findungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine weisen sonach einen besonderen strukturellen Aufbau auf. Eine entsprechende Leiterwicklung ist also zumindest abschnittsweise als aus nanoska¬ ligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildete textile Struktur bzw. als aus nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildetes Textil ausgebildet respektive umfasst eine entsprechende Leiterwick¬ lung zumindest abschnittsweise eine aus nanoskaligen Kohlen¬ stoffstrukturen gebildete textile Struktur bzw. ein aus nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildetes Textil. Unter nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen sind insbesondere so genannte Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (engl, carbon nanotubes, kurz CNT) zu verstehen. Mithin liegen die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen typischerweise röhrenförmig bzw. in röhren- förmigen Strukturen vor respektive sind als solche ausgebil¬ det . The stator and / or rotor-side conductor windings of the electrical machine according to the invention therefore have a special structural design. A corresponding conductor winding is therefore at least in sections as formed from nanoska ¬ time carbon structures textile structure or formed as formed from nanoscale carbon structures textile respectively comprises at least one corresponding conductor Wick ¬ lung sections, a textile structure or formed from nanoscale carbon ¬ fabric structures formed of nanoscale carbon structures Textile. Nanoscale carbon structures are to be understood in particular as so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Thus, the nanoscale carbon structures are typically tubular or tubular. shaped structures before respectively are ausgebil ¬ det.
Der Begriff „nanoskalig" deutet auf die Abmessungen, insbe- sondere den Durchmesser, bzw. Molekülgröße der Kohlenstoff¬ strukturen hin, welche typischerweise in einem Bereich zwischen 1 und 100 nm liegen. Selbstverständlich sind Ausnahmen, insbesondere nach oben, denkbar. Ein Vorteil entsprechender Leiterwicklungen ist darin zu sehen, dass bedingt durch das, insbesondere im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Materialien zur Ausbildung entsprechender Leiterwicklungen, geringe Gewicht nanoskaliger Kohlenstoffstrukturen und somit entsprechender aus diesen gebildeter oder diese umfassender Leiterwicklungen eine deutliche Verringe¬ rung der betriebsbedingt auftretenden mechanischen Belastungen erzielbar ist. Dieser Aspekt ist insbesondere für elekt¬ rische Maschinen, welche in dynamischen bzw. transienten Betriebsbedingungen eingesetzt werden, von Bedeutung. Derartige elektrische Maschinen sind insbesondere Generatoren zur Ge¬ winnung elektrischer Energie, d. h. insbesondere in Wind¬ oder Wasserkraftanlagen implementiert. The term "nanoscale" indicates the dimensions, particularly the diameter or size of the molecule carbon ¬ structure towards which typically are in a range between 1 and 100 nm. Of course, exceptions, in particular upward, conceivable. An advantage of corresponding conductor windings is the fact that due to this, especially when compared to conventional materials for forming corresponding conductor windings, low weight of nanoscale carbon structures and thus corresponding achievable from these educated or this comprehensive fiber coils significantly reduced copy ¬ tion of the operationally occurring mechanical loads. this aspect is particularly important for elekt ¬ generic machines which are used in dynamic or transient operating conditions of significance. Such electrical machines are, in particular generators for Ge ¬ winnung electrical energy, ie in particular in wind ¬ or hydropower plants implemented.
Die textile Struktur der nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen respektive entsprechender Leiterwicklungen, ermöglicht zudem einen deutlich höheren Grad der Filamentisierung der Leiterwicklungen und somit eine deutlich höhere Wicklungsdichte im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Leiterwicklungen. Derart lassen sich betriebsbedingt auftretende elektrische bzw. elektro- thermische Verluste verringern und der thermische Arbeitsbe¬ reich und somit das Leistungsspektrum der elektrischen Maschine erweitern. Dieser Aspekt ist wiederum insbesondere für elektrische Maschinen, welche in dynamischen bzw. transienten Betriebsbedingungen eingesetzt werden, von Bedeutung. The textile structure of the nanoscale carbon structures, respectively corresponding conductor windings, also allows a much higher degree of filamentization of the conductor windings and thus a significantly higher winding density compared to conventional conductor windings. Such can be operationally reduce the resultant electrical or electro-thermal losses and thus enhance the thermal Arbeitsbe ¬ rich and the power spectrum of the electrical machine. This aspect in turn is of particular importance for electrical machines which are used in dynamic or transient operating conditions.
Ein weiterer Vorteil entsprechender Leiterwicklungen ist darin zu sehen, dass nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen, insbesondere im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Leiterwicklungsmateria- lien, wie z. B. Aluminium oder Kupfer, eine geringere Temperaturabhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstands zeigen. Derart lassen sich höhere Arbeitstemperaturen realisieren, was wiederum den thermischen Arbeitsbereich und somit das Leistungs- spektrum der elektrischen Maschine erweitert. Another advantage of corresponding conductor windings is that nanoscale carbon structures, in particular in comparison to conventional Leiterwicklungsmateria- lien, such as As aluminum or copper, show a lower temperature dependence of the electrical resistance. In this way, higher working temperatures can be achieved, which in turn extends the thermal working range and thus the power spectrum of the electric machine.
Ein weiterer Vorteil entsprechender Leiterwicklungen ist in deren hervorragender mechanischer Stabilität zu sehen, was auf die hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften nanoskali- ger Kohlenstoffstrukturen zurückzuführen ist. Gleichermaßen zeichnen sich entsprechende Leiterwicklungen durch eine hervorragende chemische Stabilität, insbesondere gegenüber kor¬ rosiven Umgebungen, aus. Alles in allem ist durch das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip, durch die Verwendung entsprechender aus zu wenigstens einer texti- len Struktur zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildeter oder zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfassen- der Leiterwicklungen, eine verbesserte elektrische Maschine realisiert . A further advantage of corresponding conductor windings can be seen in their excellent mechanical stability, which is due to the excellent mechanical properties of nanoscale carbon structures. Similarly, corresponding conductor windings distinguished by an excellent chemical stability, in particular towards kor ¬ rosiven environments from. All in all, an improved electric machine is realized by the principle according to the invention, by the use of corresponding nanoscale carbon structures formed of nanoscale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile structure or combined to form at least one textile structure.
Entsprechende aus nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildete textile Strukturen können z. B. Textilgarne oder Textil- bänder sein. Die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen können sonach wenigstens teilweise zu wenigstens einem Textilgarn zusammengefasst sein. Die Textilgarne können dabei zumindest abschnittsweise in sich verdreht sein. Alternativ oder ergänzend können die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen wenigstens teilweise zu wenigstens einem Textilband zusammengefasst sein. Mithin können entsprechende Leiterwicklungen zumindest teilweise, insbesondere vollständig, als Textilgarne oder Textilbänder vorliegen bzw. solche umfassen. Die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen weisen in der Variante des Textilgarns in der Regel rundliche und in der Variante des Textilbands in der Regel viereckige, insbesondere recht¬ eckige, Querschnitte auf. Der Querschnitt der nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen respektive einer daraus gebildeten tex- tilen Struktur ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf konkrete An- wendungs- bzw. Betriebsbedingungen der elektrischen Maschine zu wählen. Corresponding textile structures formed from nanoscale carbon structures can, for. For example, textile yarns or textile tapes. The nanoscale carbon structures can therefore be at least partially combined to form at least one textile yarn. The textile yarns can be twisted at least in sections. Alternatively or additionally, the nanoscale carbon structures may be at least partially combined to form at least one textile band. Consequently, corresponding conductor windings can be present at least partially, in particular completely, as textile yarns or textile tapes or comprise such. The nanoscale carbon structures have, as a variant of the textile yarn usually round and in the variant of the textile bands usually quadrangular, especially right ¬ square, cross sections. The cross section of the nanoscale Carbon structures or a textile structure formed therefrom should be selected in particular with regard to specific application or operating conditions of the electrical machine.
Es ist im Weiteren denkbar, dass aus wenigstens einem ent¬ sprechenden Textilgarn, insbesondere mehreren Textilgarnen, und/oder wenigstens einem entsprechenden Textilband, insbe¬ sondere mehreren Textilbändern, wenigstens ein Textilseil ge- bildet ist. Entsprechende Textilgarne oder Textilbänder kön¬ nen sonach zu Textilseilen weiterverarbeitet sein, was im Hinblick auf bestimmte Anwendungs- bzw. Betriebsbedingungen der elektrischen Maschine zweckmäßig sein kann. Mithin können entsprechende Leiterwicklungen auch als Textilseile vorliegen bzw. solche umfassen. It is further conceivable that forms at least from at least one ent ¬ speaking textile yarn, in particular a plurality of textile yarns, and / or a corresponding textile band, in particular ¬ sondere plurality of fabric bands, at least one textile rope is overall. ¬ NEN be further processed to THEREFORE textile cables, which can be expedient corresponding textile yarns or textile strips Ki with regard to certain applications or the operating conditions of the electrical machine. Consequently, corresponding conductor windings can also be present as textile ropes or comprise such.
Es ist gleichermaßen denkbar, dass aus wenigstens einem ent¬ sprechenden Textilgarn, insbesondere mehreren Textilgarnen, und/oder wenigstens einem entsprechenden Textilband, insbe- sondere mehreren Textilbändern, wenigstens ein, insbesondere gewebe-, gewirke- oder gestrickartiger, flächiger Textilkör- per gebildet ist. Entsprechende Textilgarne oder Textilbänder können sonach zu textilen Flächengebilden weiterverarbeitet sein, was im Hinblick auf bestimmte Anwendungs- bzw. Be- triebsbedingungen der elektrischen Maschine zweckmäßig sein kann. Mithin können entsprechende Leiterwicklungen auch als flächige Textilkörper vorliegen bzw. solche umfassen. It is equally conceivable that from an ent ¬ speaking textile yarn, in particular a plurality of textile yarns, and / or at least one corresponding textile band, in particular a plurality of textile bands, at least one, in particular wovens, knits or knitted fabric-like, flat Textilkör- is formed at least by , Corresponding textile yarns or textile tapes can accordingly be further processed into textile fabrics, which may be expedient with regard to certain application or operating conditions of the electrical machine. Consequently, corresponding conductor windings can also be present as flat textiles or comprise such.
Im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter dem Begriff „Kohlenstoffstruktur" sonach stets eine zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur respektive einem Textil zusammenge- fasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstruktur zu verstehen. Dabei gilt, dass eine oder mehrere entsprechende Kohlenstoffstruk¬ turen grundsätzlich als Textilgarn, Textilband, Textilseil oder flächiger Textilkörper vorliegen können. In connection with the present invention THEREFORE too zusammenge- at least one textile structure, respectively, a textile summed nanoscale carbon structure, the term "carbon structure" means always. With the proviso that one or more corresponding carbon structural ¬ structures basically as textile yarn, fabric ribbon, textile rope or flat textile body may be present.
Die oder ein Teil der Kohlenstoffstrukturen können zumindest abschnittsweise, insbesondere vollständig, in einer durch we- nigstens ein Matrixmaterial gebildeten Matrix eingebettet bzw. enthalten sein. Das Matrixmaterial umgibt die oder einen Teil der Kohlenstoffstrukturen dabei unmittelbar. In Abhängigkeit der chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften des Matrixmaterials kann die Matrix zu unterschiedlichen Zwecken dienen. Die Matrix kann z. B. als ein Schutz der Kohlenstoffstrukturen gegenüber, insbesondere mechanischen, Beanspruchungen dienen. Die Matrix kann auch dazu dienen, eine be- stimmte Anordnung bzw. Orientierung der Kohlenstoffstrukturen festzulegen bzw. zu stabilisieren. Denkbar ist es auch, dass die Matrix zu einer elektrischen Isolierung der Leiterwicklungen nach außen dient. Die Aufzählung ist nicht abschlie¬ ßend . The or a part of the carbon structures can at least partially, in particular completely, in a by embedded or contained at least one matrix material matrix. The matrix material surrounds the or part of the carbon structures directly. Depending on the chemical-physical properties of the matrix material, the matrix can serve different purposes. The matrix can z. B. serve as a protection of the carbon structures, in particular mechanical, stresses. The matrix can also serve to establish or stabilize a specific arrangement or orientation of the carbon structures. It is also conceivable that the matrix is used for electrical insulation of the conductor windings to the outside. The list is not lockable ¬ ßend.
Als entsprechende Matrixmaterialien kommen sowohl elektrisch leitfähige als auch elektrisch isolierende Materialien in Be¬ tracht. Bei einem elektrisch leitfähigen Matrixmaterial kann es sich z. B. um ein Metall oder eine Metalllegierung han- dein, wobei lediglich beispielhaft auf Aluminium oder Kupfer bzw. entsprechende Legierungen verwiesen wird. Ein elektrisch leitfähiges Matrixmaterial kann prinzipiell auch ein, z. B. durch entsprechende Compoundierung, elektrisch leitfähig ausgebildeter Kunststoff sein. Bei einem elektrisch isolierenden Matrixmaterial kann es sich z. B. um einen duroplastischen oder thermoplastischen Kunststoff handeln, wobei lediglich beispielhaft auf duroplastische Epoxidharze verwiesen wird. As a corresponding matrix materials are both electrically conductive as well as electrically insulating materials in Be ¬ costume. In an electrically conductive matrix material, it may, for. For example, a metal or a metal alloy to thy, reference being made only by way of example to aluminum or copper or corresponding alloys. An electrically conductive matrix material can in principle also a, z. B. by appropriate compounding, be electrically conductive plastic. In an electrically insulating matrix material, it may, for. B. be a thermosetting or thermoplastic plastic, reference being made only by way of example to thermosetting epoxy resins.
Mit dem Zweck die elektrische bzw. thermische Leitfähigkeit der Kohlenstoffstrukturen und somit entsprechender Leiterwicklungen gezielt zu beeinflussen, kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen mechanisch vorgespannt sind. An den nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen kann sonach eine bestimmte Zugkraft anliegen, welche in der Regel zu einer Erhöhung der elektrischen bzw. thermischen Leitfähigkeit führt. Die mechanische Vorspannung der nanoskaligen Kohlenstoff¬ strukturen kann durch Vorspannen dieser vor deren Zusammenfassen zu einer textilen Struktur realisiert sein. Mithin können mechanisch vorgespannte, nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstruk- turen zu einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasst worden sein. Alternativ kann die mechanische Vorspannung der nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen erst in dem bereits zu einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten Zustand erfolgen. For the purpose of specifically influencing the electrical or thermal conductivity of the carbon structures and thus corresponding conductor windings, provision may be made for the nanoscale carbon structures to be mechanically prestressed. Accordingly, a certain tensile force can be applied to the nanoscale carbon structures, which usually leads to an increase in the electrical or thermal conductivity. The mechanical prestress of the nanoscale carbon ¬ structures can be realized by biasing this prior to their combination into a textile structure. Thus, mechanically prestressed nanoscale carbon structures may have been combined to form a textile structure. Alternatively, the mechanical prestressing of the nanoscale carbon structures can only take place in the state already combined to form a textile structure.
Nicht alle Stator- und/oder rotorseitigen Leiterwicklungen müssen aus entsprechenden Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet sein. Für den Fall, dass Stator- und/oder rotorseitig mehrere elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklungen vorgesehen sind, ist es sonach denkbar, dass erste Leiterwicklungen oder eine erste Gruppe von Leiterwicklungen zumindest abschnittsweise aus Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet sind oder Kohlenstoffstruktu¬ ren umfassen. Zweite Leiterwicklungen oder eine zweite Gruppe von Leiterwicklungen können dagegen aus einem metallischen Material, insbesondere Aluminium oder Kupfer, gebildet sein. Für ein konkretes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine kann dies z. B. bedeuten, dass stator- seitige Leiterwicklungen aus Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet sind oder solche umfassen und rotorseitige Leiterwicklungen aus einem Metall, wie z. B. Aluminium oder Kupfer, gebildet sind . Not all stator and / or rotor-side conductor windings must be formed from corresponding carbon structures. In the case that the stator and / or more electrically conductive conductor windings are provided on the rotor side, it is conceivable THEREFORE that first conductor windings or a first group of conductor windings are at least partly formed from carbon structures or comprise Kohlenstoffstruktu ¬ ren. On the other hand, second conductor windings or a second group of conductor windings can be formed from a metallic material, in particular aluminum or copper. For a specific embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention, this z. B. mean that stator-side conductor windings are formed of carbon structures or include such and rotor-side conductor windings of a metal, such. As aluminum or copper are formed.
Die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine kann z. B. als Ge¬ nerator einer Einrichtung zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie, d. h. insbesondere für eine Windkraftanlage oder für eine Wasserkraftanlage, ausgebildet sein. Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, dass die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine als Elektromotor ausgebildet ist. The electric machine according to the invention can, for. B. as Ge ¬ generator of a device for obtaining electrical energy, ie in particular for a wind turbine or for a hydropower plant, be formed. However, it is also conceivable that the electric machine according to the invention is designed as an electric motor.
Die Erfindung betrifft zudem einen Stator für eine erfin- dungsgemäße elektrische Maschine. Der Stator zeichnet sich sonach dadurch aus, dass er wenigstens eine elektrisch leit¬ fähige Leiterwicklung umfasst, welche zumindest abschnitts¬ weise aus zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammenge- fassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet ist oder zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasste nano- skalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfasst. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem auch einen Rotor für eine erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine. Der Rotor zeichnet sich so¬ nach dadurch aus, dass er wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfä¬ hige Leiterwicklung umfasst, welche zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet ist oder zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfasst. The invention also relates to a stator for an inventive electric machine. The stator is characterized THEREFORE is characterized in that it comprises an electrically leit ¬ capable conductor winding at least ¬ which, at least portion of at least one textile structure zusammenge- nanoscale carbon structures is formed or comprises at least one textile structure summarized nanoscale carbon structures. The invention also relates to a rotor for an electric machine according to the invention. The rotor is characterized as ¬ by the fact that it comprises an electroconducting ¬ hige conductor winding at least which is at least partially formed from at least summarized a textile structure nanoscale carbon structures or to at least one textile structure comprises aggregated nanoscale carbon structures.
Sowohl hinsichtlich des erfindungsgemäßen Stators als auch hinsichtlich des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors gelten sämtlicheBoth with regard to the stator according to the invention as well as with regard to the rotor according to the invention all apply
Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine analog. Embodiments in connection with the electric machine according to the invention analog.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung er- geben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigt die einzige Fig. eine Prinzipdarstellung einer elektrischen Maschine gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Die einzige Fig. zeigt eine Prinzipdarstellung einer elektrischen Maschine 1 gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfin¬ dung. Ersichtlich handelt es sich um eine axiale Ansicht auf die Stirnseite der elektrischen Maschine 1. Die Zentralachse der elektrischen Maschine 1 ist mit A bezeichnet. Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and from the drawing. The single FIGURE shows a schematic diagram of an electrical machine according to an embodiment of the invention. The only Fig. Shows a schematic diagram of an electrical machine 1 according to an embodiment of the inven ¬ tion. As can be seen, it is an axial view of the front side of the electric machine 1. The central axis of the electric machine 1 is designated A.
Die elektrische Maschine 1 ist Teil einer Einrichtung zur Ge¬ winnung elektrischer Energie, wie z. B. einer Wind- oder Wasserkraftanlage (nicht gezeigt) und wird sonach als elektri¬ scher Generator, d. h. als elektromechanischer Wandler zur Umwandlung von kinetischer Energie in elektrische Energie, betrieben . Da es sich bei der Fig. um eine Prinzipdarstellung der elektrischen Maschine 1 handelt, werden nur die zur Veranschauli¬ chung des erfindungsgemäßen Prinzips notwendigen Bestandteile der elektrischen Maschine 1 gezeigt und erläutert. The electric machine 1 is part of a device for Ge ¬ winning electrical energy, such. As a wind or hydroelectric power plant (not shown) and is therefore operated as an electric ¬ shear generator, ie as an electromechanical converter for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. Since it is in Fig. A schematic diagram of the electrical machine 1, only the information necessary for Veranschauli ¬ monitoring of the inventive principle components of the electric machine 1 are shown and explained.
Die elektrische Maschine 1 umfasst einen Stator 2 und einen hierzu, z. B. auf einer Welle (nicht gezeigt), um die Zent¬ ralachse A drehbar gelagerten Rotor 3. Die drehbare Lagerung des Rotors 3 ist durch den Doppelpfeil angedeutet. Der Stator 2 und der Rotor 3 sind koaxial bezüglich der Zentralachse A angeordnet, wobei der Stator 2 den Rotor 3 umgibt. Selbstverständlich ist prinzipiell auch eine umgekehrte Anordnung, ge¬ mäß welcher der Rotor 3 den Stator 2 umgibt, denkbar. Der Stator 2 weist einen typischerweise aus mehreren Blechen bzw. Blechpaketen gebildeten Statorgrundkörper 4, d. h. ein so genanntes Statorjoch, auf. Der Statorgrundkörper 4 ist in- nenumfangsseitig mit radial nach innen ragenden Vorsprüngen 5, d. h. so genannten Statorzähnen, versehen, zwischen wel- chen statorseitige elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklungen 6 angeordnet sind. Die Anzahl, Orientierung und elektrische Verschaltung der zwischen jeweiligen statorseitigen Vorsprüngen 5 aufgenommenen Leiterwicklungen 6 bemisst sich insbesondere nach der Anzahl der elektrischen Pole der elektrischen Maschine 1. The electric machine 1 comprises a stator 2 and a thereto, for. B. on a shaft (not shown) around the centering ¬ ralachse A rotatably mounted rotor 3. The rotatable mounting of the rotor 3 is indicated by the double arrow. The stator 2 and the rotor 3 are arranged coaxially with respect to the central axis A, wherein the stator 2 surrounds the rotor 3. Of course, in principle, a reverse arrangement, ge ¬ according to which the rotor 3 surrounds the stator 2, conceivable. The stator 2 has a stator base body 4, which is typically formed from a plurality of metal sheets or laminated cores, ie a stator yoke. The stator main body 4 is internally circumferentially provided with radially inwardly projecting projections 5, ie so-called stator teeth, between which stator-side electrically conductive conductor windings 6 are arranged. The number, orientation and electrical interconnection of the conductor windings 6 accommodated between respective stator-side projections 5 are in particular measured according to the number of electrical poles of the electrical machine 1.
Der Rotor 3 weist einen Rotorgrundkörper 7, d. h. ein so genanntes Rotorj och, auf. Der Rotorgrundkörper 7 ist außenum- fangsseitig mit typischerweise permanentmagnetischen, d. h. z. B. auf einer Neodym-Verbindung basierenden, Magnetelementen 8 versehen. Dies gilt insbesondere für so genannte perma¬ nent erregte elektrische Maschinen 1. Bei so genannten elekt¬ risch erregten elektrischen Maschinen 1 werden die Magnetelemente 8 durch entsprechende Spulenpakete aus dem Leitermate- rial ersetzt und so die Pole gebildet. Die statorseitigen Leiterwicklungen 6 sind aus zu textilen Strukturen zusammengefassten und somit als Textilien vorliegenden nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet. Bei den zu textilen Strukturen zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen handelt es sich um so genannte Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen bzw. carbon nanotubes, röhrenförmige Koh¬ lenstoffstrukturen . Bei den textilen Strukturen handelt es sich insbesondere umThe rotor 3 has a rotor base body 7, ie a so-called rotor yoke. The rotor base body 7 is provided on the outer peripheral side with typically permanent-magnetic, ie, for example, neodymium-based, magnetic elements 8. This is especially true for so-called perma nent ¬ excited electrical machines 1. In so-called elekt ¬ driven excited electrical machines 1, the magnetic elements 8 are replaced by corresponding packets from the coil Leitermate- rial, thus forming the pole. The stator-side conductor windings 6 are formed from nanoscale carbon structures combined into textile structures and thus present as textiles. In the pooled into textile structures nanoscale carbon structures is so-called carbon nanotubes or carbon nanotubes, lenstoffstrukturen tubular Koh ¬. The textile structures are in particular
Textilgarne oder Textilbänder . Aus den Textilgarnen oder Tex- tilbändern können im Weiteren Textilseile gebildet sein. Textile yarns or textile tapes. Textile ropes may be formed from the textile yarns or textile tapes.
Denkbar ist es auch, dass aus entsprechenden Textilgarnen oder Textilbändern flächige Textilkörper, d. h. z. B. Gewebe, Gewirke oder Gestricke, gebildet sind. It is also conceivable that of corresponding textile yarns or textile ribbons flat textile body, d. H. z. As fabric, knitted or knitted fabrics are formed.
Die oder ein Teil der nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen oder entsprechender aus diesen gebildeter textiler Strukturen können mechanisch vorgespannt sein, was sich typischerweise po- sitiv auf deren elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit aus¬ wirkt und insofern zweckmäßig sein kann. The or a part of the nanoscale carbon structures or equivalent formed from these textile structures can be mechanically biased, which typically has a po- sitive to their electrical and thermal conductivity from ¬ and may be advantageous in so far.
Die Ausbildung der Leiterwicklungen 6 aus zu textilen Strukturen zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen bedingt, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die konkreten Anwen- dungs- bzw. Betriebsbedingungen der elektrischen Maschine 1, eine Reihe von Vorteilen, welche den Arbeitsbereich und das Leistungsspektrum der elektrischen Maschine 1 erweitern und sonach positiv beeinflussen. Dies begründet sich insbesondere dadurch, dass die statorseitigen Leiterwicklungen 6 und somit die elektrische Maschine 1 insgesamt im Vergleich zu herkömm¬ lichen elektrischen Maschinen mit aus Aluminium oder Kupfer gebildeten Leiterwicklungen in mechanischer wie auch thermischer Hinsicht stärker beanspruchbar ist ohne einen schadens- bedingten Ausfall zu riskieren. Daneben sind die statorsei¬ tigen Leiterwicklungen 6 und somit der Stator 1 respektive die elektrische Maschine 1 im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen elektrischen Maschinen mit aus Aluminium oder Kupfer gebilde- ten Leiterwicklungen bedingt durch die vergleichsweise geringe Dichte entsprechender Kohlenstoffstrukturen leichter. The formation of the conductor windings 6 from nanoscale carbon structures combined into textile structures requires, in particular with regard to the specific application or operating conditions of the electrical machine 1, a number of advantages which expand the working range and the power spectrum of the electric machine 1 and, accordingly influence positively. This is justified in particular by the fact that the stator-side conductor windings 6 and thus the electric machine 1 overall in comparison to conventional ¬ electrical machines with aluminum or copper formed conductor windings in mechanical and thermal terms is more demanding without risking a damage-related failure , In addition, the statorsei ¬ term conductor windings 6 and thus the stator 1 and the electric machine 1 in comparison to conventional electrical machines with aluminum or copper formed th conductor windings due to the relatively low density of corresponding carbon structures easier.
Die oder ein Teil der zu textilen Strukturen zusammengefass- ten Kohlenstoffstrukturen können in einem eine Matrix bildenden Matrixmaterial eingebettet, unmittelbar von einem Mat¬ rixmaterial umgeben, sein. Bei dem Matrixmaterial kann es sich um ein elektrisch leitfähiges, ein metallisches Mat¬ rixmaterial, wie Aluminium oder Kupfer, oder um ein elekt- risch isolierendes Matrixmaterial, einen thermoplastischen oder duroplastischen Kunststoff, wie ein Epoxidharz, handeln. In Abhängigkeit der chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften des Matrixmaterials kann die Matrix zu unterschiedlichen Zwecken dienen. Hierzu zählt beispielsweise eine mechanische Stabilisierung und/oder eine elektrische Isolierung der Leiterwicklungen 6 nach außen. The or some of the to textile structures zusammengefass- ten carbon structures may be embedded in a matrix-forming matrix material, immediately surrounded by a Mat ¬ rixmaterial be. The matrix material may be an electrically conductive, metallic Mat ¬ rixmaterial such as aluminum or copper, or an electrically insulating matrix material, a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic such as an epoxy resin, act. Depending on the chemical-physical properties of the matrix material, the matrix can serve different purposes. This includes, for example, a mechanical stabilization and / or electrical insulation of the conductor windings 6 to the outside.
Wenngleich im Zusammenhang mit dem in der Fig. gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der elektrischen Maschine 1 nur von stator- seifigen Leiterwicklungen 6 die Rede ist, ist es selbstverständlich auch denkbar, dass anstelle des Stators 2 allein der Rotor 3 bzw. der Rotorgrundkörper 7 mit entsprechenden Leiterwicklungen 6 versehen ist. Denkbar ist es auch, dass sowohl der Stator 2 als auch der Rotor 3 bzw. der Rotorgrund- körper 5 mit entsprechenden Leiterwicklungen 6 versehen ist. Although, in connection with the embodiment of the electric machine 1 shown in the figure, only stator-type conductor windings 6 are mentioned, it is of course also conceivable that instead of the stator 2 alone the rotor 3 or the rotor main body 7 with corresponding conductor windings 6 is provided. It is also conceivable that both the stator 2 and the rotor 3 and the Rotorgrund- body 5 is provided with corresponding conductor windings 6.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele einge- schränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen . Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Elektrische Maschine (1), umfassend wenigstens einen Stator (2) und wenigstens einen relativ zu dem Stator (2) drehbar gelagerten Rotor (3), wobei der Stator (2) und/oder der Rotor (3) wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklung (6) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfähige Lei¬ terwicklung (6) zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu wenigs¬ tens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten nanoska- ligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet ist oder zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskali- ge Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfasst. Electric machine (1) comprising at least one stator (2) and at least one rotor (3) rotatably mounted relative to the stator (2), the stator (2) and / or the rotor (3) comprising at least one electrically conductive conductor winding (3). 6), characterized in that the at least one electrically conductive Lei ¬ terwicklung (6) at least in sections from to Wenig ¬ least a textile structure summarized nanoska- time carbon structures is formed or at least one textile structure combined nanoscale ge carbon structures comprising.
Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen wenigstens teilweise zu wenigstens einem Textilgarn und/oder wenigstens teilweise zu wenigstens einem Tex- tilband zusammengefasst sind. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the nanoscale carbon structures are at least partially combined to form at least one textile yarn and / or at least partially to at least one textile tape.
Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem wenigstens einen Textilgarn, ins¬ besondere mehreren Textilgarnen, und/oder dem wenigstens einen Textilband, insbesondere mehreren Textilbändern, wenigstens ein, Textilseil gebildet ist. Electrical machine according to claim 2, characterized in that from the at least one textile yarn, in ¬ particular more textile yarns, and / or the at least one textile tape, in particular a plurality of textile tapes, at least one, textile rope is formed.
Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass aus dem wenigstens einen Textilgarn, insbesondere mehreren Textilgarnen, und/oder dem wenigstens einen Textilband, insbesondere mehreren Textilbän¬ dern, wenigstens ein, insbesondere gewebe-, gewirke- oder gestrickartiger, flächiger Textilkörper gebildet ist . 5. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu einem Tex- til zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen zumindest abschnittsweise in einer durch wenigstens ein Matrixmaterial gebildeten Matrix enthalten sind. Electrical machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized ge ¬ indicates that from the at least one textile yarn, in particular a plurality of textile yarns, and / or the at least one textile tape, in particular a plurality of Textilbän ¬ countries, at least one, in particular fabric, knitted or knitted, flat textile body is formed. 5. Electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nanostructured carbon structures combined to form a textile at least in sections contained in a matrix formed by at least one matrix material.
Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Matrixmaterial ein Metall oder ein Kunststoff ist oder ein Metall oder einen Kunststoff umfasst. Electrical machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one matrix material is a metal or a plastic or comprises a metal or a plastic.
Elektrische Maschine nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen röhrenförmig ausgebildet sind. Electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nanoscale carbon structures are tubular.
Elektrische Maschine nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen und/oder wenigstens eine aus zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildete textile Struktur mechanisch vorgespannt ist. Electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one nanoscale carbon structures and / or at least one formed from combined nanoscale carbon structures textile structure is mechanically biased.
Elektrische Maschine nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklungen (6) vorgesehen sind, wobei erste elektrisch leitfähige Leiter¬ wicklungen (6) zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet sind oder zu einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstruk¬ turen umfassen und zweite elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklungen (6) aus einem metallischen Material, insbesondere Aluminium oder Kupfer, gebildet sind. Electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in in that a plurality of electrically conductive conductor windings (6) are provided, said first electrically conductive conductor ¬ coils (6) at least in sections are formed of combined into a textile structure nanoscale carbon structures or a textile Structure summarized nanoscale carbon structures ¬ include and second electrically conductive conductor windings (6) of a metallic material, in particular aluminum or copper, are formed.
Elektrische Maschine nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Generator, insbesondere für eine Windkraftanlage oder Wasserkraft¬ anlage, oder als Elektromotor ausgebildet ist. Electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a generator, in particular for a wind turbine or hydropower ¬ plant, or as an electric motor.
Stator (2) für eine elektrische Maschine (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfähige Leiter¬ wicklung (6) umfasst, welche zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammenge- fassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet ist oder zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammenge- fasste nanoskalige Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfasst. Stator (2) for an electrical machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that it comprises at least one electrically conductive conductor ¬ winding (6), which at least in sections from zusammenge- to at least one textile structure bordered nanoscale carbon structures formed or comprising at least one textile structure zusammenge- summed nanoscale carbon structures.
Rotor (3) für eine elektrische Maschine (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er wenigstens eine elektrisch leitfähige Leiterwicklung (6) umfasst, welche zumindest abschnittsweise aus zu wenigs¬ tens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefassten nanoskaligen Kohlenstoffstrukturen gebildet ist oder zu wenigstens einer textilen Struktur zusammengefasste nanoskali¬ ge Kohlenstoffstrukturen umfasst. Rotor (3) for an electrical machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically conductive conductor winding (6) which is at least in sections of formed to Wenig ¬ least summarized a textile structure nanoscale carbon structures or comprises at least a textile structure combined nanoskali ¬ ge carbon structures.
EP15710752.5A 2014-03-21 2015-03-12 Electric machine Withdrawn EP3120440A2 (en)

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AU2015233650B2 (en) 2017-09-07
US20170110921A1 (en) 2017-04-20

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