EP3116381A1 - System zur bestimmung von vitalparametern - Google Patents
System zur bestimmung von vitalparameternInfo
- Publication number
- EP3116381A1 EP3116381A1 EP15713139.2A EP15713139A EP3116381A1 EP 3116381 A1 EP3116381 A1 EP 3116381A1 EP 15713139 A EP15713139 A EP 15713139A EP 3116381 A1 EP3116381 A1 EP 3116381A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- pulse wave
- measuring unit
- unit
- analog
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
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- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
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- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for determining vital parameters of an object, namely a human or animal body. Furthermore, the invention relates to a light measuring unit for such a system.
- vital signs are used to document the athlete's performance and determine the success of the workout. Vital signs are used to determine if the athlete's training or diet needs to be changed.
- the device is, however, uncomfortable for the patient to wear, since the chest belt, for example, for the long-term cardiogram must be worn without interruption. This limits the mobility of the patient and is also a hindrance to the daily laundry. Furthermore, the patient must also constantly carry the recording device with him.
- a blood pressure cuff e.g. must be worn by a patient for 24 hours
- the blood pressure cuff e.g. is pressurized every 15 minutes.
- chest straps are often used with sensors that transmit the signals, for example, to a sports watch or an audio device for evaluation.
- the chest strap is, in particular in order not to slip during training, attached with a high pressure on the chest of the athlete.
- the chest strap restricts the freedom of movement of the athlete and is uncomfortable due to the high contact pressure.
- the determination of the pulse wave transit time and vital parameters thereof is known, for example, from the publications DE 96 02 010, EP 0 859 569, DE 10 2008 042 1 15 and DE 2007/000406.
- Activity trackers are portable electronic dataloggers that specifically record and monitor a person's fitness activities. They enable the observation and recording of fitness activities using sensors and microprocessors. The devices are easy to carry on the body. Electronic activity trackers are upgraded pedometers that, in addition to counting the steps, have the characteristics of accelerometers and altimeters. They calculate the mileage and calories burned and set the Some may also measure heart rate or sleep quality.
- Known Activity Tracker can be found in cuffs, bracelets or small devices that can be attached to different parts of the body. There are various applications for smartphones that can record the measured by an activity tracker fitness activities. Activity trackers offer the opportunity to publish their own training progress via social media and to compare with others. This creates entire communities with which the user identifies and whose members spur each other on.
- the known activity trackers have the disadvantage that the accuracy and reliability in the determination of vital signs and fitness leaves much to be desired.
- the range of applications is therefore very limited. Only from a pulse measurement in combination with a recording of movements via acceleration sensors can be made statements about the fitness and health of the user only to a very limited extent.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a system which enables a medically reliable and sound, but at the same time simple and cost-effective determination of vital parameters.
- the invention achieves the object by a system according to claim 1 and further by a light measuring unit according to claim 17.
- the invention proposes a system for determining vital parameters of an object, namely a human or animal body.
- the system comprises at least:
- a computing unit configured for processing and / or evaluation of the digital signal.
- the core element of the system according to the invention is the light measuring unit, which is arranged on the skin surface of the measurement object and measures the pulse wave noninvasively there.
- the light source of the light measuring unit shines through the local twill tissue through the skin (percutaneously), and the light sensor measures the light absorption or the light remission.
- the light absorption / remission depends on the amount of blood and the blood composition in the screened body tissue. Blood volume and composition vary in character during the pulse cycle.
- pulse wave is used synonymously for the wave propagation in the blood vessel system caused by the heartbeat and for the time-dependent signal of the light sensor.
- the pulse wave is generated by the rhythmic discharge of the heart in the aorta and in the pulmonary artery and propagates up to the capillaries in the body tissue. At locations where the wave impedance changes, the pulse wave is reflected. At the end of the heartbeat systole, a short-term reverse current (with the closing of the aortic valve) is the cause of a so-called incision in the pulse waveform.
- the progression of the pulse wave is characterized by a rise to a maximum, followed by a decrease to incisor and a slower continuous decrease to a minimum at the end of diastole.
- the difference between the systolic and diastolic amplitude of the pulse wave represents the blood pressure amplitude.
- an analog / digital converter is used in accordance with the invention which converts the analog signal of the light sensor into a digital signal, the analog Z digital converter providing the analog signal sampled at a sampling rate of at least 1000 Hz, preferably at least 5000 Hz, more preferably at least 20000 Hz.
- sample rates that are even higher (up to 50,000 Hz or more) can be used to advantage.
- the time interval between the individual heart beats is only a few milliseconds at high pulse rates.
- the inventively proposed sampling rate still allows an evaluation of the details of the pulse waveform even at high pulse rates.
- the dynamic range of digitization eg 8, 16 or 24 bits) is less crucial than the temporal resolution.
- the thus high-frequency sampled digital signal is processed by means of the arithmetic unit.
- the arithmetic unit may e.g. Use appropriate digital filters to suppress noise, motion artifacts, or other interference without losing the pulse waveform details required to derive physiologically relevant information.
- the system according to the invention allows the reliable derivation of a large number of medical parameters from the pulse wave signal measured at high resolution.
- the system according to the invention can be realized particularly cost-effectively.
- the actual sensor system consists, as stated above, only of the light source and the light sensor.
- a suitable energy source is required as a power supply unit (for example in the form of a battery or a rechargeable battery).
- the evaluation by the arithmetic unit requires the Digitization by means of the analog / digital converter, which operates at a sufficiently high sampling rate.
- the light measuring unit and the computing unit are spatially separated from each other and connected to each other via a wireless or wired data interface for transmitting the digital signal.
- the spatial separation of the light measuring unit and the arithmetic unit has the advantage that only the light measuring unit, but not the arithmetic unit required for the evaluation of the pulse wave signal, must be arranged directly on the skin surface.
- the arithmetic unit may be, for example, a smart device that is often used and carried by now anyway.
- a smart device is understood to be a portable, programmable minicomputer with processor, main memory, user interface and display, such as a commercially available smartphone or a tablet computer.
- the computing power of such smart devices is sufficient to process the digital pulse wave signal and optionally present on the display.
- the light measuring unit is connected via a first data interface with a smart device wirelessly or by wire, wherein the light measuring unit transmits the digital signal via the first data interface to the smart device, wherein the smart device with the arithmetic unit via a second data interface connected wirelessly or by wire, wherein the smart device transmits the digital signal via the second data interface to the arithmetic unit and the arithmetic unit processes the digital signal and / or stored in a central data memory, and wherein the arithmetic unit transmits a processing result via the second data interface to the smart device.
- the smart device serves as a kind of "relay station” which receives the digital signal from the light measuring unit (via the first data interface) and forwards it (via the second data interface) to the arithmetic unit, where then the actual processing and evaluation of the digital signal for deriving medically relevant
- the arithmetic unit can store the digital signal and possibly also the processing results in a central data memory (for example in a database) After the processing and possibly storage of the digital signal, the arithmetic unit can in turn transmit the processing results back to the smart device via the second data interface.
- the second data interface is then expediently a computer network, such as the Internet.
- the arithmetic unit is in this case a computer, for example in the form of a server connected to the Internet and to which the digital signal for processing and optionally transferred for storage.
- the communication interfaces (3G, LTE, WLAN, etc.) which are usually present in smart devices can be used.
- the pulse wave has certain characteristics which are independent of the pulse frequency. Therefore, the temporal positions of the local and global extrema of the temporal pulse waveform for determining the pulse wave signature are given as relative magnitudes relative to the RR interval. The absolute value of the pulse wave signal is irrelevant. Thus, in the context of the pulse wave signature, the amplitude values of the local and global extrema are also detected as relative values, for example, in relation to the amplitude of the global maximum of the pulse wave curve corresponding to the systole.
- the mentioned characteristics of the pulse wave curve are individually different.
- the pulse wave signature is thus suitable for identifying the examined object.
- the inventive system can be used for authentication.
- the pulse wave signature is used similar to a fingerprint pattern.
- the system according to the invention can advantageously be set up to compare the pulse wave signature with pulse wave signature data stored in a data memory for the purpose of identifying or authenticating the object.
- the Authentication expediently takes place by means of the arithmetic unit of the system according to the invention.
- the system according to the invention can also be set up to compare the pulse wave signature with pulse wave signature data stored in a data memory for the purpose of determining a possible disease.
- a possible disease e.g. Extrasystoles that indicate a cardiac arrhythmia.
- the pulse wave signature is a prerequisite that the signal of the light sensor is digitized according to the invention with a sufficiently high sampling rate.
- the arithmetic unit of the system according to the invention is set up to derive at least one of the following vital parameters from the digital signal: heart rate, heart rate variability, pulse pressure, pulse wave transit time, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation.
- the heart rate can be measured, for example, from the duration of the time interval from one systole to the next systole (RR interval).
- the heart rate indicates how often the heart contracts in one minute.
- heart rate limit values are described in the different age groups. However, the individual differences are very strong, as the heart rate is influenced by many factors. In addition to age, this includes the state of training, the current state of health and the influence of numerous medications. A continuous heart rate measurement therefore brings with it the opportunity to investigate numerous health issues closer. Heart rate is a key parameter in exercise control and performance diagnostics.
- the heart rate variability is measured by means of the arithmetic unit by statistically evaluating a plurality of chronologically consecutively measured ones Heart rate values determined.
- Pulse wave variability results in heart rate variability. This refers to the possibility of the human body to change the distances between two heartbeats. The distances are defined by the chamber contraction of the heart. The duration of the RR interval also changes spontaneously in rest, ie the intervals between the heart contractions differ. In healthy people, the heart action is started via a clock. The center of excitation in the heart is called sinus node. This is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and is therefore not subject to the voluntary influence, but the activity of the sympathetic.
- heart rate variability With the heart rate variability in sports the stress of the athlete and possible overtraining situations can be determined. A targeted training control is possible with the heart rate variability. But even in the medical field, the heart rate variability finds its use.
- the parameters of heart rate variability do not change only by athletic activity, but also by the presence of risk factors and a reduction of these risk factors. For example, in diabetic patients with present neuropathy, time-related variables such as SDNN, NN50, and rMSSD are reduced.
- the pulse wave transit time describes the time it takes for a pulse wave to travel a certain distance in the vascular system of the body.
- the pulse wave transit time can be determined according to the invention by simultaneous measurement of the pulse wave signal (by means of two light measuring units) at two different measuring locations (close to the heart and distant from the heart) on the body.
- By measuring the pulse wave transit time conclusions can be drawn on important vital parameters such as blood pressure and elasticity of the vessels. It is possible to diagnose atherosclerotic change of the vessels very early on the basis of the pulse wave transit time and to prevent the progression of arteriosclerosis with the corresponding lifestyle change (for example low-fat and low-sodium diet, physical activity).
- the pulse wave transit time can also be used to determine blood pressure.
- Blood pressure is considered one of the medical standards in the assessment of the cardiovascular situation at rest and under physical stress. The physiological limits at rest and under stress are extensively described and laid down in guidelines.
- a continuous determination of the blood pressure is currently not possible under stress, because the blood pressure can only be determined at certain times by means of a blood pressure cuff.
- the invention enables a continuous measurement.
- the blood pressure is determined according to the invention from the speed of the pulse wave / the pulse wave transit time, a low transit time from the heart to the periphery stands for a high blood pressure, since the vessels are set close.
- a calibration is carried out at rest and under load. After that, the blood pressure can be continuous be measured.
- the method according to the invention can be used in all groups of people; by non-invasive measurement, anyone can carry out the measurement without risk. Blood pressure determination over a longer period of time is not only possible in healthy athletes, but also in risk groups such as heart patients and pregnant women. Users are given the opportunity to detect blood pressure peaks and situations that lead to an increase. As a result, users can avoid situations and learn to better control their blood pressure through lifestyle changes.
- data of the examined object and environmental data are acquired parallel to the pulse wave.
- the system according to the invention comprises at least one additional sensor element from the following list: motion, acceleration, position, ambient, ambient temperature, body temperature, air pressure, sound sensor.
- the movement data allow, for example, a reconstruction of the physical stress on the person, which is taken into account in the evaluation of the pulse wave and the derivation of vital parameters from the pulse wave.
- the additional sensor elements may either be separate from the light metering unit.
- the motion, acceleration, position and / or position sensors that are already present in conventional smart devices can be used.
- the movements of the measurement object, which carries the corresponding smart device with it, can thus be detected, while the light measuring unit continuously measures the pulse wave in parallel.
- a corresponding additional sensor system can be integrated in the light measuring unit.
- the arithmetic unit is set up to process the pulse wave and a measurement signal of the additional sensor element recorded synchronously with time.
- the system according to the invention can be used, for example, as a further developed Activity Tracker, which receives and monitors the fitness activities of a person.
- the system may count the steps of a person using the acceleration sensor. The number of kilometers covered and the calorie consumption can be determined automatically and the physical activity and fitness can be evaluated in parallel using the vital parameters recorded by measuring the pulse wave.
- the body temperature and ambient conditions temperature, air pressure
- the evaluation of physiological parameters is inventively much more comprehensive and well-founded than in conventional systems that measure only the pulse. Similar to conventional activity trackers, the invention again offers the possibility of own training progress publish via smart device eg via social media and compare with others.
- a sound sensor can be used to detect the heart sound.
- the heart sound propagates very fast through the body, so that the time of the heart contraction can be determined almost instantaneously (with a delay of approx. 1 ms depending on the place of measurement) via the sound.
- the time delay between the time of the heart contraction in the sound signal and the maximum of the pulse wave signal detected via the light measurement can be used according to the invention to determine the pulse wave velocity therefrom.
- the arithmetic unit of the system can thus recognize the pulsation of the blood in the veins and differentiate it from the pulsing of the blood in the arteries (which is different, for example, ahead of time).
- the oxygen content can then be determined as in a conventional pulse oximeter by measuring at the appropriate wavelengths.
- the measured value obtained is assigned to the venous or arterial blood on the basis of the respectively detected pulsation.
- the difference in the oxygen content then allows conclusions to be drawn about the energy conversion.
- the arterial or venous measurement can be carried out expediently at different measuring locations on the body by means of two light measuring units.
- the at least one light measuring unit or the arithmetic unit is set up to associate the digital signal with a time code which indicates at which point in time the analog signal of the light sensor is digitized.
- a time code which indicates at which point in time the analog signal of the light sensor is digitized.
- the invention further relates to a light measuring unit for the system described above. This includes:
- the analog-to-digital converter that converts the analog signal of the light sensor into a digital signal, the analog-to-digital converter sampling the analog signal at a sampling rate of at least 1000 Hz, preferably at least 5000 Hz, more preferably at least 20000 Hz, and
- a power supply unit which supplies the light source, the light sensor and the analog / digital converter with energy.
- the light measuring unit should have a data communication unit (for example according to the mentioned BLE standard) for transmitting the digital signal to a receiver, in particular to the arithmetic unit of the system according to the invention.
- a data communication unit for example according to the mentioned BLE standard
- the data communication unit can be set up To compress the digital signal before transmission to the receiver. Suitable data compression algorithms are known in the art. Since the detected pulse wave is a more or less periodic signal with recurring features, data compression is particularly efficient.
- the light measuring unit according to the invention preferably has a fastening means for fastening the light measuring unit to a human or animal body.
- the attachment means may be, for example, a hook-and-loop tape, a self-adhesive patch, an elastic band, a bracelet or bracelet, a finger ring, a garment or a glove. All of these fasteners make it possible to inconspicuously and conveniently fasten the very compact and easy-to-install light measuring unit on the skin of the human or animal object to be measured.
- Particularly preferred is a self-adhesive patch as a fastener, as this can ensure a particularly secure and firm attachment. Artifacts in the measurement signal caused by movements of the body can thereby be minimized.
- the attachment means has two surfaces, wherein a first surface of the attachment means disposed on the body rests on the skin surface and a second surface facing away from the skin surface, wherein at least one light source and at least one light sensor on the first and second surface are arranged.
- the attachment means e.g., in the form of a bracelet
- the attachment means may be disposed on the user's arm near the radial artery to measure the peripheral pulse wave there. This measurement is carried out by means of the light source and the light sensor, which are arranged on the surface facing the skin surface, ie inner surface of the bracelet. Another light source and another light sensor are located on the outside of the bracelet.
- the user can place these external sensors in another location on the surface of the skin, for example close to the carotid artery, to simultaneously measure the central pulse wave.
- the light source and the light sensor are arranged on a flexible support which is spatially separated from another support on which at least the analog / digital converter and the power supply unit are arranged, wherein between light source and light sensor on the one hand and analog / digital converter and Power supply unit on the other hand, a flexible cable connection exists.
- the spatial separation of the light source and the light sensor from the other components in combination with the use of flexible supports reduces movement errors and artifacts caused by movements in a particularly efficient manner.
- the light source of the light measuring unit expediently emits in the infrared, red or blue spectral range, wherein the at least one light sensor should be sensitive in the corresponding spectral range.
- the at least one light sensor should be sensitive in the corresponding spectral range.
- two or more light sources are provided which emit light in different spectral ranges. This allows the targeted measurement of the pulse wave in venous or arterial blood and the measurement of the oxygen saturation of the blood, similar to a conventional pulse oximeter.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of another
- Pulse wave signature according to the invention.
- the digital signal on a server connected to the Internet for further access in an appropriate form Connected to the Internet is also a computer unit 1 16, ie a computer which processes and evaluates the digital signal
- the computer unit 16 is, for example, adapted to derive vital parameters from the digital signal, such as the heart rate, the heart rate variability, the Pulse pressure, the pulse wave transit time, the blood pressure, the respiratory rate and the oxygen saturation These parameters can in turn be retrieved via the Internet via the smartphone 12 and displayed.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102014003045.8A DE102014003045A1 (de) | 2014-03-09 | 2014-03-09 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer persönlichen Pulswellensignatur einer Person |
DE102014007769.1A DE102014007769A1 (de) | 2014-05-31 | 2014-05-31 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer persönlichen Pulswellensignatur einer Person durch die Lichtkardiographie |
DE102014010944 | 2014-07-28 | ||
PCT/EP2015/054866 WO2015135886A1 (de) | 2014-03-09 | 2015-03-09 | System zur bestimmung von vitalparametern |
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EP15713139.2A Pending EP3116381A1 (de) | 2014-03-09 | 2015-03-09 | System zur bestimmung von vitalparametern |
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WO (1) | WO2015135886A1 (de) |
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DE102016103263A1 (de) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-24 | Wolfgang Huber | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Herzzeitvolumenindex einer Testperson |
CN105943057A (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-21 | 成都云卫康医疗科技有限公司 | 一种无线数字血氧探头 |
DE102017002334A1 (de) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-13 | Holger Redtel | Zeitaufgelöste Messung von Kenngrößen der Herzfunktion durch autonom verstellbare Meßbereiche, wie z.B. Herzzeitvolumen, Blutdruck, Herzpuls, Pulswellenlaufzeit, Pulswellenvariabilität, Atmungsfrequenz ... |
CN113939225A (zh) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-01-14 | 国立大学法人东北大学 | 血压估计装置、血压估计方法以及血压估计程序 |
CN112261608B (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2024-01-30 | 锐盟(深圳)医疗科技有限公司 | 通过人体进行信号传输的体域网同步方法、系统及终端 |
CN116350197A (zh) * | 2023-02-18 | 2023-06-30 | 佳禾智能科技股份有限公司 | 一种提升心率监测准确度的智能手表的实现方法 |
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DK0498281T3 (da) * | 1991-01-31 | 1996-04-01 | Sankyo Co | Måling af transmissionshastighed for en pulsbølge |
DE19542019C1 (de) | 1995-11-10 | 1997-03-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Sensor zum nichtinvasiven und kontinuierlichen Erfassen der arteriellen Pulswellenlaufzeit |
US6893401B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2005-05-17 | Vsm Medtech Ltd. | Continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring method and apparatus |
US20100030040A1 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-04 | Masimo Laboratories, Inc. | Multi-stream data collection system for noninvasive measurement of blood constituents |
DE102008042115A1 (de) | 2008-09-15 | 2010-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Messvorrichtung sowie Messverfahren |
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