EP3116060A1 - Mehrstrahlantenne für mobiltelefonbasisstation - Google Patents

Mehrstrahlantenne für mobiltelefonbasisstation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3116060A1
EP3116060A1 EP16178138.0A EP16178138A EP3116060A1 EP 3116060 A1 EP3116060 A1 EP 3116060A1 EP 16178138 A EP16178138 A EP 16178138A EP 3116060 A1 EP3116060 A1 EP 3116060A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
base station
multibeam antenna
mobile telephone
array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16178138.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3116060B1 (de
Inventor
Ana Adelmira MERINO RUBIO
Ignacio MESA DOMÍNGUEZ
Ismael Bel Albesa
Francisco javier CORTÉS SANTAOLALLA
Diego Sierra Mur
Gerson Villalba Arana
Hisham BAGHDADI GONZÁLEZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telnet Redes Inteligentes SA
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Telnet Redes Inteligentes SA
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Application filed by Telnet Redes Inteligentes SA filed Critical Telnet Redes Inteligentes SA
Publication of EP3116060A1 publication Critical patent/EP3116060A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3116060B1 publication Critical patent/EP3116060B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/005—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using remotely controlled antenna positioning or scanning

Definitions

  • a multibeam antenna for a mobile telephone base station in which a first object of this invention is for the beam forming networks to be flexible, allowing antennae with multiple beams to be formed, with variable pointing directions and optimised beam widths, without penalising the overall dimensions of the antenna.
  • Another object of the invention is for the beam bandwidth to be considerably greater than conventional ones, from 1710 to 2690MHz, which is in ever greater demand for cellular network antennae, in both the single beam and multiple beam variants.
  • This application describes a multibeam antenna for a mobile telephone base station, which is in the field of mobile communication base station antennae, and more specifically in the field of cellular communication system multibeam antennae.
  • multibeam antenna refers to an antenna which can radiate in different directions.
  • the concept of multibeam antennae was introduced for the first time in the field of satellite communications where coverage for a geographical area is provided by generating multiple beams with great gain, so that frequencies can be re-used, thus achieving a saving in the power transmitted at the same time as increased transmission rates.
  • Terrestrial mobile communication networks also have to cover a wide geographical area, divided into cells and, in turn, into sectors.
  • a traditional way of providing coverage for the cell is to deploy a telecommunications tower in the centre of the cell and install three antennae on it, where each antenna has a single radiation beam with an azimuth beam width at half power of 65 degrees and gives coverage to a third of the cell ( figure 1 ).
  • a common practice for increasing the capacity of the cell in geographical areas with high population density is to divide the cell into more sectors by using antennae with smaller azimuth beam width, which increases the number of antennae used per cell according to the configuration shown in figure 2 .
  • Multibeam antennae were introduced in the field of mobile telephone base stations to provide a solution to this problem, using a greater sectorisation of the cell by positioning a single antenna which has various radiation beams at different azimuth angles.
  • This report describes a multibeam antenna for a mobile telephone base station, comprising:
  • the radiating elements of the matrix are five two-dimensional arrays in 2x12 composition, presenting an azimuthal beam width at half power of 7 degrees, and nominal beam pointing directions of 0, +7, +14, -7 and -14 degrees, in which each beam can be varied by +/-5 degrees compared to its nominal position, and independently of the rest.
  • the radio frequency signal present in each of the entry ports passes through a first power and phase distribution network which distributes the signal in a horizontal direction, where each of the outputs from this first distribution network passes through a second distribution network which distributes the power and phase in a vertical direction, where each of the outputs in this second distribution network attacks a radiating element.
  • each array grouping comprises two radiating elements in a vertical direction, where the second distribution network is a simple "T"-shaped network which shares out the power equally between the two radiating elements and provides the same phase to the two radiating elements, giving electrical tilt of the beam equal to 0 degrees.
  • each array grouping comprises two radiating elements in a vertical direction, where the second distribution network is a simple "T"-shaped network which shares out the power equally between the two radiating elements and provides a different phase to each of the radiating elements, giving fixed electrical tilt different from 0 degrees.
  • Each array grouping comprises three or more radiating elements in a vertical direction, where the second distribution network shares out the power and phase between the radiating elements generating an array factor in a vertical direction which defines the form and tilt of the global beam in a vertical direction.
  • all the second distribution networks present at the output of a first distribution network must be equal to each other, so that the beam generated by the two-dimensional array grouping is not degraded.
  • a multibeam antenna for a mobile telephone base station, whose antenna has double polarization for mobile communication base stations.
  • Each radiation beam has a different azimuth pointing direction which can be varied dynamically according to the cell optimization requirements.
  • the sum of all the beams covers the desired geographical area by generating a highly sectorised cell, where each beam forms a sector, multiplying the cell capacity by a factor equal to the number of beams presented by the multibeam antenna.
  • the beamforming networks in this invention are flexible, allowing antennae with multiple beams to be achieved, with variable pointing directions and optimised beam widths, without penalising the overall dimensions of the antenna.
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram of a first practical embodiment of this invention, where the multibeam antenna 1 is formed of a matrix of radiating elements 2 grouped in arrays 3a 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e arranged in a horizontal direction.
  • Each array 3a 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e of elements forms a radiation beam and are independent of each other, which means that the number of beams can be varied simply by varying the number of arrays.
  • Each matrix of radiating elements grouped in an array can be one-dimensional or two-dimensional.
  • the one-dimensional arrays comprise a row of radiating elements, whereas the two-dimensional ones comprise two or more rows of radiating elements, like the arrays 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e shown in figure 4 .
  • the choice of the composition of the array is made according to the desired features for each lobe or radiation beam, as explained later on.
  • a multibeam antenna according to this invention may comprise simultaneously one-dimensional arrays and two-dimensional arrays.
  • an antenna with five beams has been implemented, in which each beam is formed of a two-dimensional array in 2x12 composition, with 12 elements in a horizontal direction and 2 in a vertical direction.
  • each radiating element in the array ( figure 5 ) comprises, in turn, two radiating dipoles arranged in an orthogonal position, forming an angle of +45 and -45 to the horizontal, thus forming dual polarization of the radiation lobes.
  • each radiating element of the array can be formed of a radiating patch with two orthogonal power ports arranged at an angle of +45 and -45 degrees to the horizontal, thus forming dual polarization of the radiation lobes.
  • the radiating elements of the array used must have good radioelectric characteristics in all the design bandwidth (1710 - 2690MHz in the materialisation of this invention).
  • the multibeam antenna which is the object of this invention comprises two radiofrequency signal ports for each array 3a 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e horizontal, where one port attacks the radiating elements of polarization +45 and the other port attacks the radiating elements of polarization -45.
  • the number of radiating elements per array and the distribution of power and phase from the entry signal to each of the radiating elements does not have to be the same in each array, and depends just as much on the desired pointing direction as the desired beam width.
  • the distribution of powers and phases have been designed to point to nominal azimuth angles of 0 degrees, ⁇ 7 degrees and ⁇ 14 degrees, but is not restricted to this.
  • the fact that the arrays are independent of each other means that the pointing directions of the beams are totally flexible and can be configured in the design phase, with any combination possible.
  • figure 6 shows in diagram form a first distribution network or phase shifter 5 for one of the two-dimensional arrays 3a, which is attacked by two signal ports 6a and 6b.
  • the first distribution network or phase shifter 5 distributes the power and phase from port 6a between the radiating elements arranged for the +45 polarization, and distributes the power and phase from port 6b between the radiating elements arranged for the -45 polarization.
  • each of the outputs from the first distribution network or phase shifter 5 must attack more than one radiating element, which means that a second distribution network 7 is needed.
  • the simplest composition for this second distribution network 7 is a "T" network which shares the power equally among all the elements with a same phase, achieving a vertical beam with no electrical tilt, or tilt of 0 degrees. Nevertheless, the distribution of power and phase can vary to form the vertical beam and offer electrical tilt.
  • the horizontal phase shifters 5 offer a phase distribution such that the pointing direction can vary +/-5 degrees compared to the nominal pointing direction, but is not restricted to this, and this relative phase shift can be increased or decreased.
  • These phase shifters achieve practical pointing directions for the first beam of between +19 and +9 degrees , for the second beam of +12 to +2 degrees, for the third beam of +5 to -5 degrees, for the fourth beam of -2 to -12 degrees and for the fifth beam of -9 to -19 degrees.
  • the distance between radiating elements in a single array is not implemented equidistantly to optimise the radiation diagram and reduce the lobes deriving from the array factor.
  • the distance between radiating elements in a single array is not implemented equally, but rather each one is optimised according to the azimuth range which must be presented.
  • the set of distribution networks used in this invention may appear more complex than the Butler matrices, but they offer much greater flexibility, achieving improvements and optimised radioelectric features in a large bandwidth.
  • this invention is not limited to the pointing directions, nor to the relative displacement of the beams with regard to the main direction, nor to a fixed distribution of radiating elements, but rather any of these three design criteria can be varied without this meaning an additional invention, and any person involved in the design of antennae can address this easily.
  • FIG 7 A second practical variant is shown in figure 7 so that, in this case, the three central beams (array 3b, 3c, 3d) are implemented with a smaller horizontal beam width and with pointing directions closer to each other, and the end beams with greater horizontal beam width and more distant beams.
  • This distribution achieves the radiation diagram shown in figure 8 .
  • This practical case manages to increase the two end sectors of the cell, where the population density decreases.
  • two-dimensional arrays 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e of radiating elements 2 have been shown, where the number of elements in a vertical direction is 2.
  • the vertical array factor achieved with 2 radiating elements gives us a vertical beam width of around 35 degrees, which depends fundamentally on the distance between elements, amongst other factors. As a practical implementation, a beam width of 30 degrees has been selected.
  • Figure 9 shows the vertical radiation diagram of the antenna constructed under the first variant of practical execution of radiating elements relating to those shown in figures 3 and 4 .
  • one-dimensional arrays with an approximate vertical beam of 60 degrees can be selected, or arrays with three or more radiating elements in a vertical direction, further reducing the beam width but increasing the complexity and size of the antenna.
  • Two radiating elements in a vertical direction is the best compromise solution between beam width and antenna size.
  • the size of the antenna is reasonable, at 1100 x 1300mm ( figure 10 ).
  • the vertical beam width of 30 degrees also has the advantage of giving very good coverage to a whole stand in a football stadium with no need to offer electrical tilt, thus simplifying the overall scheme of the antenna. Nevertheless, the antenna can be installed with mechanical tilt if so wished, without degrading the radiation diagram thanks to the broad vertical band width.
  • FIG 11 A third practical execution is shown in figure 11 , where two one-dimensional arrays, 3a and 3e, have been added, to give coverage to the ends of the cell with smaller population density, thus increasing the coverage area without adding complexity to the antenna.
  • the advantage of this embodiment compared to the one shown in figure 7 is the reduction in antenna size, at the expense of increasing the vertical beam width of the end beams.
  • Figure 12 shows a diagram of the mechanism given to the multibeam antenna which is the object of this invention, for remote adjustment of the azimuth pointing direction for each of the beams forming the antenna.
  • the mechanism is composed of an electronic module 9 and as many mechanical drive modules 8a, 8b, ..8e as there are phase shifters 5a, .. 5e in the antenna; this is five in the practical embodiment which concerns us here.
  • the electronic module 9 is responsible for communications with the management node 90, for receiving the commands ordering adjustment of the beams and interpreting said commands, activating the relevant control signals to activate the mechanical devices 8 responsible for moving the parts of the phase shifters 5.
  • the communications between the electronic module and the control centre adhere to the specifications defined in the standard "AISG Extension: Remote Azimuth Steering, Standard No. AISG-ES-RAS v2.2.0", but is not limited to this.
  • This invention is open to any other communication protocol between control entity and controlled entity.
  • the electronic module 9 controls the mechanical means which activate the movement of the elements of the phase shifters 5, the displacement of which varies the phase given to the radiating elements 2 of the array 3a, 3b, ... and thus the beam pointing direction.
  • Figure 13 shows the mechanical drive mechanism which has been given to this practical embodiment, comprising a motor 10 and a transmission mechanism formed of gears 11 which transfer the movement of the motor 12 shaft to the bar 13 attached to the phase shifters.
  • any mechanism used for remote control of the electrical tilt of the antennae can be adapted without supposing any invention.
  • the means for adjusting the azimuth have been arranged as a system integrated in the antenna, where both the electronic module and the mechanical drive systems and motors are inside the same radome housing the antenna. Nevertheless, it can be arranged both inside and outside, without supposing any novelty to that presented in this invention.
  • the azimuth adjustment mechanism has been designed to be activated both manually and remotely, as currently known in tilt adjustment systems.
  • the azimuth adjustment mechanism includes an indicator 14, visible from the outside, which signals the azimuth configured for each beam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP16178138.0A 2015-07-07 2016-07-06 Mehrstrahlantenne für mobiltelefonbasisstation Active EP3116060B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201530973A ES2550133B1 (es) 2015-07-07 2015-07-07 Antena multi-haz para estación base de telefonía móvil

Publications (2)

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EP3116060A1 true EP3116060A1 (de) 2017-01-11
EP3116060B1 EP3116060B1 (de) 2018-09-19

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108767498A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-11-06 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 一种可控制波束宽度的多系统基站天线
CN109273828A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-25 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 一种小型化宽频矩形赋形阵列天线
CN110071373A (zh) * 2018-03-12 2019-07-30 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 多制式融合的天线
WO2020063545A1 (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-02 华为技术有限公司 调节装置、天线及通信设备
CN111342234A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-26 上海新岸线电子技术有限公司 一种基站电调天线
US20220069461A1 (en) * 2020-09-01 2022-03-03 Commscope Technologies Llc Base station antennas having staggered linear arrays with improved phase center alignment between adjacent arrays
CN114447585A (zh) * 2022-01-29 2022-05-06 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 多波束天线及其制备方法、通信装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109755759B (zh) * 2019-01-04 2020-09-04 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 一种多频窄波束天线阵列及天线

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US20120133557A1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-31 Steve Andre Beaudin System and method for high performance beam forming with small antenna form factor
DE102011015551A1 (de) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Kathrein-Werke Kg Multi-Strahlform-Zusatzeinrichtung

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KR100563565B1 (ko) * 2000-11-03 2006-03-28 주식회사 케이엠더블유 안테나
CN102150374B (zh) * 2008-02-11 2015-02-25 安费诺有限公司 带有电机与离合器组件的远程电动倾斜天线

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020080073A1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2002-06-27 Wastberg Bo Gunnar Dual-beam antenna aperture
US20100117913A1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2010-05-13 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Instutite Multi-mode antenna and method of controlling mode of the antenna
US8027703B2 (en) * 2009-02-11 2011-09-27 Amphenol Corporation Multi-beam antenna with multi-device control unit
US20120133559A1 (en) * 2009-05-11 2012-05-31 Eduardo Motta Cruz Compact multibeam antenna
US20120133557A1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-31 Steve Andre Beaudin System and method for high performance beam forming with small antenna form factor
DE102011015551A1 (de) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Kathrein-Werke Kg Multi-Strahlform-Zusatzeinrichtung

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110071373A (zh) * 2018-03-12 2019-07-30 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 多制式融合的天线
CN108767498A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-11-06 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 一种可控制波束宽度的多系统基站天线
CN108767498B (zh) * 2018-04-28 2024-01-30 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 一种可控制波束宽度的多系统基站天线
CN109273828A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-25 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 一种小型化宽频矩形赋形阵列天线
WO2020063545A1 (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-02 华为技术有限公司 调节装置、天线及通信设备
CN110970731A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 华为技术有限公司 调节装置、天线及通信设备
CN111342234A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-26 上海新岸线电子技术有限公司 一种基站电调天线
US20220069461A1 (en) * 2020-09-01 2022-03-03 Commscope Technologies Llc Base station antennas having staggered linear arrays with improved phase center alignment between adjacent arrays
US11641055B2 (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-05-02 Commscope Technologies Llc Base station antennas having staggered linear arrays with improved phase center alignment between adjacent arrays
US11909103B2 (en) 2020-09-01 2024-02-20 Commscope Technologies Llc Base station antennas having staggered linear arrays with improved phase center alignment between adjacent arrays
CN114447585A (zh) * 2022-01-29 2022-05-06 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 多波束天线及其制备方法、通信装置
CN114447585B (zh) * 2022-01-29 2024-03-19 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 多波束天线及其制备方法、通信装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2550133A1 (es) 2015-11-04
PT3116060T (pt) 2018-12-12
ES2550133B1 (es) 2016-09-09
ES2701921T3 (es) 2019-02-26
EP3116060B1 (de) 2018-09-19

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