EP3113530B1 - Drahtloskommunikationsknoten und verfahren zur reservierung eines zeitraums für kommunikationen über ein frequenzband das zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen funknetz technologien geteilt ist - Google Patents

Drahtloskommunikationsknoten und verfahren zur reservierung eines zeitraums für kommunikationen über ein frequenzband das zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen funknetz technologien geteilt ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3113530B1
EP3113530B1 EP15306037.1A EP15306037A EP3113530B1 EP 3113530 B1 EP3113530 B1 EP 3113530B1 EP 15306037 A EP15306037 A EP 15306037A EP 3113530 B1 EP3113530 B1 EP 3113530B1
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Prior art keywords
technology
node
wifi
nodes
lte
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EP15306037.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3113530A1 (de
Inventor
Lester Ho
David LOPEZ-PEREZ
Holger Claussen
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Priority to ES15306037T priority patent/ES2714135T3/es
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to telecommunications, in particular to wireless telecommunications.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • WiFi nodes When Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiFi nodes are deployed in an area and they use the same frequency band, the WiFi nodes tend to stay in listening mode whilst receiving interference from the LTE network, waiting for a channel access opportunity.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • ABS LTE Almost Blank Sub-frame
  • WiFi nodes are able to detect that the channel is vacant as channel energy is below the threshold, and therefore are able to then transmit. In this way, LTE dominance over the available spectrum is reduced.
  • a disadvantage for LTE networks is, of course, the loss of time for LTE transmissions, which inevitably somewhat decreases the LTE data throughput per user.
  • a second known approach is based on uplink power control as described, for example in Chaves, F.S.; Almeida, E.P.L.; Vieira, R.D.; Cavalcante, AM.; Abinader, F.M.; Choudhury, S.; Doppler, K., "LTE UL Power Control for the Improvement of LTE/WiFi Coexistence," Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), 2013 IEEE 78th , vol., no., pp.1,6, 2-5 Sept. 2013 .
  • LTE uplink (UL) power control is used to improve LTE and WiFi coexistence. This is done by introducing an additional factor to conventional LTE UL power control so that a controlled decrease of LTE UL transmit powers is carried out according to interference measurements, so giving opportunities for WiFi transmissions. This approach is flexible as the value of the factor may be adjusted to adjust the balance between LTE and WiFi transmissions. This approach may provide similar or better performance for both LTE and WiFi networks than the LTE blank sub-frame approach mentioned above.
  • the present invention is characterised over the disclosure of US2014/0126504A1 in that the node according to the first technology detects transmissions of the WiFi nodes, and to prevent collisions with transmissions of the WiFi nodes the control frame is sent during a WiFi Distribution Inter-Frame Space, DIFS, that follows a WiFi Acknowledgement frame.
  • DIFS WiFi Distribution Inter-Frame Space
  • An example of the present invention is a method of reserving a time period for communication, the method comprising a node of a first technology sending a control frame according to a second technology indicating the time period during which nodes of the second technology should not make transmissions so as to reserve the time period for communications according to the first technology with the node of the first technology.
  • Communications with the node of the first technology may mean communications to and/or from the node of the first technology.
  • control frame is sent dependent upon the node of a first technology determining that there is data to be communicated according to the first technology to or from said node.
  • the first technology is a Long Term Evolution, LTE, cellular wireless, said node of the first technology being an LTE node.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the second technology is WiFi
  • said nodes of the second technology being WiFi nodes
  • the control frame is a WiFi frame indicating the time period to be applied at the WiFi nodes.
  • the time period is indicated as duration of a timer to be applied at each WiFi node.
  • the timer is a Network Allocation Vector, NAV, timer.
  • the node according to the first technology detects transmissions of the WiFi nodes, and to prevent collisions with transmissions of the WiFi nodes, the control frame is sent during a WiFi Inter-Frame Space that follows a WiFi Acknowledgement frame.
  • the node of the first technology determines said time period according to a first technology traffic to second technology traffic balancing scheme before sending the control frame.
  • the traffic balancing scheme comprises the node of the first technology estimating level of second technology traffic by detecting communications which are with the second technology nodes.
  • the traffic balancing scheme comprises determining a target ratio between first technology traffic and second technology traffic, and selecting the time period so as to approach the target ratio.
  • the node sends the control frame at a time determined according to the first technology traffic to second technology traffic balancing scheme.
  • Some embodiments provide a method of controlling transmissions of WiFi nodes by virtual carrier sensing triggered by fake WiFi frames transmitted by Long Term Evolution in Unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) nodes. This provided for enhanced LTE and WiFi coexistence.
  • LTE-U Unlicensed spectrum
  • the LTE node is able to control scheduling of WiFi transmissions for interworking of LTE and WiFi networks using the same frequency spectrum.
  • a fake WiFi frame is transmitted by the LTE-U node to trigger virtual carrier sensing in WiFi nodes to indirect control the behaviour of WiFi nodes within reception range of the LTE-U node.
  • the LTE-U node "silence" the WiFi nodes for a selected amount of time (up to a maximum of 32, 768 microseconds) in order to schedule LTE transmissions, on uplink and/or downlink, without causing traffic collisions with the neighbouring WiFi nodes.
  • the LTE-U node is equipped with the capability of encode and transmit a WiFi frame that can be received and decoded by any WiFi nodes sharing the frequency channel.
  • This WiFi frame may contain enough information to enable its "duration" field to be read by the WiFi nodes so that their NAV timers are set correctly.
  • the frequency channel is bookable by LTE-U nodes and makes WiFi schedulable.
  • Some embodiments allow LTE nodes to control transmissions of WiFi nodes through manipulation of their virtual carrier sensing mechanisms, enabling a wide array of LTE to WiFi traffic balancing schemes to be applied.
  • silencing WiFi nodes through virtual carrier sensing allows more precise control than through physical carrier sensing where a WiFi node detects by sniffing whether or not the channel is in use; also failures of WiFi transmissions that may be triggered in short gaps in detected LTE transmissions using a physical carrier sensing approach are avoided, and the time gaps left by the LTE-U node for WiFi transmissions may be used more efficiently.
  • Examples of the present invention also relates to corresponding apparatus.
  • a node of a first technology is configured to send a control frame according to a second technology, the control frame indicating a time period during which nodes of the second technology should not make transmissions so as to reserve the time period for communications according to the first technology with the node of the first technology.
  • the node of a first technology is configured to send the control frame dependent upon the node of the first technology determining that there is data to be communicated according to the first technology to or from said node.
  • the node according to the first technology is configured to detect transmissions of the WiFi nodes, and to prevent collisions with transmissions of the WiFi nodes the node according to the first technology is configured to send the control frame during a WiFi Inter-Frame Space that follows a WiFi Acknowledgement frame.
  • the node of the first technology determines said time period according to a first technology traffic to second technology traffic balancing scheme before sending the control frame.
  • WiFi nodes use a listen-before-talking (LBT) approach to accessing the shared medium, namely the frequency channel.
  • Listening in this sense means carrier sensing to determine whether the frequency channel is available.
  • carrier sensing There are two types of carrier sensing available in the 802.11 standard, namely physical carrier sensing and virtual carrier sensing. These are briefly described in turn as follows.
  • Physical carrier sensing is where radio frequency measurements are made by RF detection hardware to determined whether another potentially-interfering node is transmitting or not.
  • Virtual carrier sensing is, on the other hand, where timers are used to determine when the frequency channel is occupied with transmissions of another node.
  • WiFi frames carry a duration field, which is used to reserve the frequency channel for a given fixed time period by setting a timer known as the Network Allocation Vector (NAV).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • a WiFi node will not transmit at times for which either physical or virtual sensing determines that the frequency channel is not idle, in other words, already in use.
  • the inventors realised that it was possible to enhance the co-existence of Long Term Evolution in Unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) and WiFi through the transmission of a fake WiFi frame by the LTE-U node in order to control the behaviour of WiFi nodes.
  • LTE-U Long Term Evolution in Unlicensed spectrum
  • virtual carrier sensing by the WiFi nodes with reception range of the LTE-U node would cause the WiFi nodes to receive the fake WiFi frame and determine from that frame that they should not themselves transmit.
  • the LTE-U node effectively silences the WiFi nodes of a set amount of time (up to a maximum of 32,768 microseconds) in order to schedule its own transmissions, on uplink to the LTE-U, and/or downlink from the LTE-U, without causing interference collisions to the neighbouring WiFi nodes.
  • the LTE-U node is equipped with the capability to encode and transmit WiFi frames for reception and decoding by WiFi nodes sharing the frequency channel.
  • the WiFi frames transmitted by the LTE-U node contain enough information to enable the "Duration" field in the frames to be read by WiFi nodes so that they then set their NAV timers correctly.
  • an enterprise environment 2 is provided (such as an office or other business premises).
  • an LTE-U base station 4 and WiFi access points 6 are provided within the enterprise environment 2.
  • only one WiFi node is shown for simplicity.
  • the LTE-U base station 4 and WiFi access points 6 use the same frequency band and are located at different physical positions within the enterprise environment 2 but have overlapping radio coverage.
  • UE user terminals
  • WiFi UE WiFi user terminals
  • the LTE-U base station 4 includes a generator of fake WiFi frames. These are frames with the format expected of a WiFi frame and including a "Duration" field set to a desired value.
  • the LTE-U base station 4 also includes a transmitter to transmit the generated fake WiFi frames.
  • the LTE-U base station 4 is also configured to receive and decode WiFi control information contained within transmitted WiFi frames so as to determine WiFi frame control fields in those headers. This can be considered as WiFi signal sniffing. By detecting the control fields, for example the Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) and Media Access Control (MAC) headers, information is gleaned by LTE-U node for example of the rate and length of WiFi frames, MAC addresses and Service Set Identification (SSID) information. This information is used by the LTE-U node to estimate the traffic load on neighbouring WiFi nodes.
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • SSID Service Set Identification
  • the LTE-U node 4 includes a WiFi channel sensor that determines whether the channel is idle or in use by carrier sensing (step a), namely physical carrier sensing in this example, or in another similar example, by virtual carrier sensing.
  • physical carrier sensing is where radio frequency measurements are made by RF detection hardware to determined whether another potentially-interfering node is transmitting or not.
  • Virtual carrier sensing is, on the other hand, where a timer is used to calculate when the frequency channel is expected to be occupied with transmissions of another node.
  • WiFi frames carry a duration field, which is used to reserve the frequency channel for a given fixed time period by setting a timer known as the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) in the respective WiFi node 6 or WiFi user terminal 12.
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the LTE-U node determines (step b) that the channel is idle, the LTE-U node assumes the channel is ready for LTE transmission.
  • the LTE-U node then calculates (step c) the amount of time for which it needs the channel for its own transmission, taking in to account the asynchronicity, in other words, difference in timing between the LTE node and the WiFi nodes, whilst being fair to the WiFi nodes as explained below.
  • the LTE-U node 4 transmits (step d) a WiFi frame which includes a field indicating duration, the duration indicated being that amount of time calculated as required.
  • the WiFi frame is sent during a (WiFi) Distribution Coordination Function (DCF) Inter-Frame Space (DIFS) that follows a WiFi ACKnowledgement frame. This is so as to prevent collisions with transmissions of the WiFi nodes 6.
  • DCF Distribution Coordination Function
  • DIFS Inter-Frame Space
  • This "fake” WiFi frame that the LTE-U node 4 transmits is received (steps e) by the WiFi nodes 6. This triggers the WiFi nodes 6 to each start (step g) its own respective NAV timer to run for the indicated duration and go into (step h) WiFi idle mode until its NAV timer times out (step i).
  • the "fake” WiFi frame is also received (steps f) by the WiFi user terminals 12. This triggers the WiFi user terminals 12 to each start (step j) its own respective NAV timer to run for the indicated duration and go into (step k) WiFi idle mode until its NAV timer times out (step l ).
  • the LTE-U node schedules its own transmissions for during this WiFi idle mode period.
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the LTE-U node identifies the neighbouring WiFi nodes and WiFi user terminals, and learns their traffic load characteristics. Specifically, by detecting the control fields, for example the Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) and Media Access Control (MAC) headers, information is gleaned by LTE-U node of the rate and length of WiFi frames, and also MAC addresses and Service Set Identification (SSID) information. This information is used by the LTE-U node to estimate the traffic load on neighbouring WiFi nodes.
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • SSID Service Set Identification
  • the LTE-U node determines a fair, in other words proportionate, balance between LTE-U transmission time and WiFi transmission time. In this example, this is done by setting a ratio of the time in which WiFi nodes and LTE-U nodes use the frequency channel based on the number of user terminals connected per node and the number of bits transmitted in a unit time. Transmissions are then scheduled so as to approach or achieve this ratio.
  • the LTE-U node is the LTE base station which transmits data downlink using LTE-communication mode.
  • the LTE-U node is the LTE user terminal which transmits data uplink.
  • program storage devices e.g., digital data storage media, which are machine or computer readable and encode machine-executable or computer-executable programs of instructions, wherein said instructions perform some or all of the steps of said above-described methods.
  • the program storage devices may be, e.g., digital memories, magnetic storage media such as a magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, hard drives, or optically readable digital data storage media.
  • Some embodiments involve computers programmed to perform said steps of the above-described methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Reservieren eines Zeitraums für Kommunikationen, das Verfahren umfassend einen Knoten (4) einer ersten Technologie, der einen Steuerrahmen (d) gemäß einer zweiten Technologie sendet, der den Zeitraum anzeigt, während dem Knoten (6) der zweiten Technologie keine Übertragungen durchführen sollten, um den Zeitraum für Kommunikationen gemäß der ersten Technologie mit dem Knoten (4) der ersten Technologie zu reservieren, wobei die zweite Technologie WiFi ist, wobei die Knoten (6) der zweiten Technologie WiFi-Knoten sind und der Steuerrahmen ein WiFi-Rahmen ist, der den an den WiFi-Knoten anzuwendenden Zeitraum anzeigt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Knoten (4) gemäß der ersten Technologie Übertragungen der WiFi-Knoten (6) erkennt und, um Kollisionen mit Übertragungen der WiFi-Knoten (6) zu verhindern, der Steuerrahmen während eines WiFi-Verteilungszwischenrahmenabstands (Distribution Inter-Frame Space), DIFS, der auf einen WiFi-Bestätigungsrahmen folgt, gesendet wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, in dem der Steuerrahmen abhängig davon gesendet wird, dass der Knoten (4) einer ersten Technologie bestimmt, dass Daten gemäß der ersten Technologie zu oder von dem Knoten (4) zu kommunizieren sind.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, in dem die erste Technologie eine drahtlose Long Term Evolution(LTE)-Mobilfunktechnologie ist, wobei der Knoten (4) der ersten Technologie ein LTE-Knoten ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, in dem der Zeitraum als eine an jedem WiFi-Knoten anzuwendende Dauer eines Zeitgebers angegeben ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, in dem der Zeitgeber ein Netzbelegungsvektor(Network Allocation Vector, NAV)-Zeitgeber ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, in dem, nach einem Bestimmen, dass Daten gemäß einer ersten Technologie zu oder von dem Knoten (4) zu senden sind, der Knoten (4) gemäß der ersten Technologie den Zeitraum gemäß einem Ausgleichsschema für Verkehr einer ersten Technologie zu Verkehr einer zweiten Technologie bestimmt, bevor der Steuerrahmen gesendet wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, in dem das Verkehrsausgleichsschema umfasst, dass der Knoten (4) der ersten Technologie eine Ebene des Verkehrs einer zweiten Technologie schätzt, indem er Kommunikationen erkennt, die mit den Knoten der zweiten Technologie stattfinden.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder Anspruch 7, in dem das Verkehrsausgleichsschema ein Bestimmen eines Zielverhältnisses zwischen Verkehr einer ersten Technologie und Verkehr einer zweiten Technologie und ein Auswählen des Zeitraums zum Annähern an das Zielverhältnis umfasst.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, in dem, nach dem Bestimmen, dass Daten gemäß einer ersten Technologie zu oder von dem Knoten (4) zu senden sind, der Knoten den Steuerrahmen zu einer gemäß dem Verkehrsausgleichsschema bestimmten Zeit sendet.
  10. Drahtloser Kommunikationsknoten (4) einer ersten Technologie, der dazu konfiguriert ist, einen Steuerrahmen gemäß einer zweiten Technologie zu senden, wobei der Steuerrahmen (d) einen Zeitraum anzeigt, während dem Knoten (6) der zweiten Technologie keine Übertragungen durchführen sollten, um den Zeitraum für Kommunikationen gemäß der ersten Technologie mit dem Knoten (4) der ersten Technologie zu reservieren,
    wobei der Steuerrahmen ein WiFi-Rahmen ist, der den an Knoten (6) der zweiten Technologie, die WiFi-Knoten sind, anzuwendenden Zeitraum anzeigt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Knoten (4) gemäß der ersten Technologie dazu konfiguriert ist, Übertragungen der WiFi-Knoten (6) zu erkennen und, um Kollisionen mit Übertragungen der WiFi-Knoten (6) zu verhindern, der Knoten (4) gemäß der ersten Technologie dazu konfiguriert ist, den Steuerrahmen während eines WiFi-Verteilungszwischenrahmenabstands (Distribution Inter-Frame Space), DIFS, der auf einen WiFi-Bestätigungsrahmen folgt, zu senden.
  11. Drahtloser Kommunikationsknoten einer ersten Technologie nach Anspruch 10, der dazu konfiguriert ist, den Steuerrahmen abhängig davon zu senden, dass der Knoten der ersten Technologie bestimmt, dass Daten gemäß der ersten Technologie zu oder von dem Knoten zu kommunizieren sind.
  12. Drahtloser Kommunikationsknoten einer ersten Technologie nach Anspruch 10 oder Anspruch 11, umfassend ein Long Term Evolution(LTE)-Benutzerendgerät.
EP15306037.1A 2015-06-30 2015-06-30 Drahtloskommunikationsknoten und verfahren zur reservierung eines zeitraums für kommunikationen über ein frequenzband das zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen funknetz technologien geteilt ist Not-in-force EP3113530B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15306037.1A EP3113530B1 (de) 2015-06-30 2015-06-30 Drahtloskommunikationsknoten und verfahren zur reservierung eines zeitraums für kommunikationen über ein frequenzband das zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen funknetz technologien geteilt ist
ES15306037T ES2714135T3 (es) 2015-06-30 2015-06-30 Un nodo de comunicaciones inalámbricas, y método de reserva de un periodo de tiempo para comunicaciones en una banda de espectro compartida entre dos tecnologías de red inalámbrica diferentes

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EP15306037.1A EP3113530B1 (de) 2015-06-30 2015-06-30 Drahtloskommunikationsknoten und verfahren zur reservierung eines zeitraums für kommunikationen über ein frequenzband das zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen funknetz technologien geteilt ist

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EP3113530A1 EP3113530A1 (de) 2017-01-04
EP3113530B1 true EP3113530B1 (de) 2018-12-19

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US10313889B2 (en) * 2015-01-13 2019-06-04 Acer Incorporated Method of sharing radio resources for licensed assisted access in unlicensed spectrum and related devices using the same
CN109479284B (zh) * 2017-04-26 2020-12-25 华为技术有限公司 传输数据的方法和装置
US11375411B2 (en) 2020-01-24 2022-06-28 Cisco Technology, Inc. Resource unit sharing
CN112815990B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-09-23 齐丰科技股份有限公司 一种基于物联网技术的配电设备监测系统

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KR101507867B1 (ko) * 2011-06-03 2015-04-07 엘지전자 주식회사 이종 네트워크 환경에서의 네트워크 통신 방법 및 단말
US9801115B2 (en) * 2013-09-04 2017-10-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Robust inter-radio access technology operations in unlicensed spectrum

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