EP3111549A1 - Electric drive system - Google Patents

Electric drive system

Info

Publication number
EP3111549A1
EP3111549A1 EP15700349.2A EP15700349A EP3111549A1 EP 3111549 A1 EP3111549 A1 EP 3111549A1 EP 15700349 A EP15700349 A EP 15700349A EP 3111549 A1 EP3111549 A1 EP 3111549A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inverter
drive system
phase
electric drive
electric machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15700349.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Carsten Schroeder
Martin Braun
Stefan Butzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3111549A1 publication Critical patent/EP3111549A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/03—Synchronous motors with brushless excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/16—DC brushless machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/18—Reluctance machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric drive system, in particular for an electrically operated vehicle such as an electric car or a hybrid vehicle.
  • a DC voltage provided by a DC voltage intermediate circuit 103 can be converted into a multi-phase AC voltage, for example a three-phase AC voltage
  • the DC intermediate circuit 103 is fed by a string 104 of serially connected battery modules 105 or any DC voltage sources.
  • the present invention provides an electric drive system with a n-phase electric machine, n> 1, which has at least two single-phase winding strands, a first
  • An inverter whose output terminal is connected to the phase terminal of a first of the single-phase windings of the electric machine, at least one second inverter whose output terminal is connected to the phase terminal of a second of the single-phase windings of the electric machine, and a DC voltage source, a plurality of serially connected Has battery modules and their
  • Inverter and are connected to the input terminals of the second inverter, so that the first inverter and the second inverter are arranged in parallel.
  • One idea of the present invention is to control electrical machines by means of standardized power assemblies, such as inverters, for example in B6 topology.
  • standardized power assemblies such as inverters, for example in B6 topology.
  • Such inverters are available as standardized module types, which are inexpensive to procure and implement by economies of scale.
  • the modularization of the power modules advantageously increases the efficiency of the electric drive system without the implementation of the electrical machine or of the individual power units per se being more expensive or expensive.
  • simple mechanical connection means can be provided for all power modules, by means of which the system modules can be interconnected.
  • a central control device for example, on a central control board, be provided equally for all power assemblies.
  • the first and the second inverter each having a single-phase self-commutated inverter comprising a balanced half-bridge of two power semiconductor switches in series circuit.
  • the switching elements may each comprise power semiconductor switches, preferably MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. These switches are particularly durable and reliable to control.
  • the drive system may further comprise a control device, which is designed to control the power semiconductor switches of the first inverter and the second inverter, wherein the control device is arranged on a central control board for the first inverter and the second inverter.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary conventional electric drive system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an electric drive system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 finally shows a schematic representation of an electrical
  • n-phase electric machine 6 n> l, which may be, for example, a switched reluctance machine or a rotating field machine.
  • the electric machine 6 has, for example, four single-phase
  • Winding strands 6a to 6d which may be coupled together in their neutral point.
  • the electric drive system 40 also has
  • the inverters 7a to 7d each have a half-bridge topology, that is, each of the inverters has a single-phase, self-commutated inverter, which has a symmetrical half-bridge of two each
  • Power semiconductor switches Hl and H2 comprises in series.
  • Power semiconductor switches may be, for example, MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. However, it is also possible to use any other type of To use switching elements as switches Hl and H2 while switching a free-wheeling diode parallel to each switching element Hl and H2. At a center tap of the half-bridge of the inverters 7a to 7d, respectively, the phase of the single-phase winding strands 6a to 6d is coupled.
  • the inverters 7a to 7d can be either as a separate
  • Inverter units or be implemented in a common inverter module. In the latter case, a single inverter module with four symmetrical half-bridges can be provided, which is coupled in a corresponding manner to the electric machine 6.
  • a single inverter module with four symmetrical half-bridges can be provided, which is coupled in a corresponding manner to the electric machine 6.
  • Control device can be used, which can be implemented for example on a common control board.
  • the inverters 7a to 7d for example, by a common DC voltage source 1, for example, a traction battery of a
  • Electric vehicle to be supplied with electrical DC voltage.
  • DC voltage source 1 can have, for example, a series connection of battery modules 5 whose number is shown in FIG. 2 only by way of example with FIG. 3 - any other number of battery modules 5 can also be possible. It is also possible to connect more than four inverters 7a to 7d in parallel, in particular if the electric machine 6 has more than four
  • Winding strands 6a to 6d has.
  • each of the inverters can be assigned to one of the winding strands and electrically connected to the same.
  • each of the inverters 7a to 7d can also be fed from a separate DC voltage source 1.
  • a supply of a four-phase electric machine 6 as shown in FIG. 2, also by two separate DC voltage sources. 1 take place, which in this variant advantageously adjacent inverters can each feed alternately, that is, adjacent winding strands of the electric machine 6 are each by different
  • the electric machine 6 for example, a synchronous or asynchronous machine, a
  • Reluctance machine or a brushless DC motor (BLDC, "brushless DC motor”). It may also be possible, the electric
  • Flywheel accumulators pumped storage or similar systems.
  • Another possible use of the electric drive system 40 of Fig. 2 are passenger or freight vehicles, which are designed for locomotion on or under the water, such as ships, motor boats or the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric drive system, comprising an n-phase electric machine, n>1, which has at least two single-phase winding strands, a first inverter, the output connection of which is connected to the phase connection of a first of the single-phase winding strands of the electric machine, at least one second inverter, the output connection of which is connected to the phase connection of a second of the single-phase winding strands of the electric machine, and a DC voltage source which has a plurality of series-connected battery modules and the output connections of which are respectively connected to the input connections of the first inverter and to the input connections of the second inverter, so that the first inverter and the second inverter are arranged in parallel.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Titel title
Elektrisches Antriebssystem Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Antriebssystem, insbesondere für ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug wie ein Elektroauto oder ein Hybridfahrzeug.  The invention relates to an electric drive system, in particular for an electrically operated vehicle such as an electric car or a hybrid vehicle.
Stand der Technik Wie in Fig. 1 beispielhaft dargestellt, erfolgt in einem elektrischen AntriebssystemPRIOR ART As shown by way of example in FIG. 1, an electric drive system is used
100 die Einspeisung einer elektrischen Maschine 101 üblicherweise durch einen Wechselrichter 102 in Form eines Pulswechselrichters. Dazu kann eine von einem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 103 bereitgestellte Gleichspannung in eine mehrphasige Wechselspannung, beispielsweise eine dreiphasige 100 the feed of an electric machine 101 usually by an inverter 102 in the form of a pulse inverter. For this purpose, a DC voltage provided by a DC voltage intermediate circuit 103 can be converted into a multi-phase AC voltage, for example a three-phase AC voltage
Wechselspannung umgerichtet werden. Der Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 103 wird dabei von einem Strang 104 aus seriell verschalteten Batteriemodulen 105 oder beliebigen Gleichspannungsquellen gespeist. Be reversed AC voltage. The DC intermediate circuit 103 is fed by a string 104 of serially connected battery modules 105 or any DC voltage sources.
Um die für eine jeweilige Anwendung gegebenen Anforderungen an Leistung und Energie erfüllen zu können, werden häufig mehrere Batteriemodule oderIn order to meet the requirements for performance and energy given for a particular application, often multiple battery modules or
Batteriezellen in einem Energiespeichersystem in Serie geschaltet. Wenn jedoch hohe Leistungen an der elektrischen Maschine benötigt werden, kann es notwendig werden, Maßnahmen in der Implementierung des elektrischen Antriebssystems 100 zu treffen, die den erhöhten Leistungsanforderungen gerecht werden. Battery cells connected in series in an energy storage system. However, when high power is required on the electric machine, it may become necessary to take measures in the implementation of the electric drive system 100 that will meet the increased performance requirements.
Beispielsweise kann es möglich sein, mehrere Stränge 104 aus seriell verschalteten Batteriemodulen 105 parallel zu schalten. Dies kann jedoch zu unerwünschten Ausgleichsströmen zwischen den Strängen 104 führen. For example, it may be possible to connect several strings 104 of serially connected battery modules 105 in parallel. However, this can lead to undesirable balance currents between the strands 104.
Zusätzlich dazu kann es auch notwendig sein, die Stromtragfähigkeit der Komponenten des Wechselrichters 102 und der elektrischen Maschine 101 zu erhöhen. Alternativ könnte auch die Zwischenkreisspannung angehoben werden. In jedem Fall werden umfangreiche Anpassungsentwicklungen und Änderungen in der Implementierung des elektrischen Antriebssystems nötig, die wiederum zu erhöhtem Implementierungsaufwand und -kosten führen. In addition, it may also be necessary to increase the current carrying capacity of the Components of the inverter 102 and the electric machine 101 to increase. Alternatively, the DC link voltage could be raised. In any case, extensive adaptation developments and changes in the implementation of the electric drive system are required, which in turn lead to increased implementation effort and costs.
Die Druckschrift US 2007/0070667 AI offenbart ein Antriebssystem für ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug mit mehrfach parallel geschalteten The publication US 2007/0070667 Al discloses a drive system for an electrically operated vehicle with several parallel connected
Wechselrichtern, die einen mehrphasigen Motor mit Wechselspannung versorgen. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2011 085 731 AI offenbart ein elektrischesInverters that supply a multiphase motor with AC voltage. The document DE 10 2011 085 731 AI discloses an electrical
Antriebssystem für einen sechsphasigen Motor mit zwei parallel geschalteten Wechselrichtern. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2008 008 978 AI offenbart modulare Antriebsstromrichter. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2010 001 250 AI offenbart ein elektrisches Antriebssystem für eine elektrische Maschine mit zwei Drive system for a six-phase motor with two parallel-connected inverters. The document DE 10 2008 008 978 AI discloses modular drive converters. Document DE 10 2010 001 250 A1 discloses an electric drive system for an electric machine with two
Phasensystemen, die über getrennte Wechselrichter gespeist werden. Phase systems powered by separate inverters.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft gemäß einem ersten Aspekt ein elektrisches Antriebssystem, mit einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine, n>l, welche mindestens zwei einphasige Wicklungsstränge aufweist, einem ersten According to a first aspect, the present invention provides an electric drive system with a n-phase electric machine, n> 1, which has at least two single-phase winding strands, a first
Wechselrichter, dessen Ausgangsanschluss mit dem Phasenanschluss eines ersten der einphasigen Wicklungsstränge der elektrischen Maschine verbunden ist, mindestens einem zweiten Wechselrichter, dessen Ausgangsanschluss mit dem Phasenanschluss eines zweiten der einphasigen Wicklungsstränge der elektrischen Maschine verbunden ist, und einer Gleichspannungsquelle, die eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriemodulen aufweist und deren An inverter, whose output terminal is connected to the phase terminal of a first of the single-phase windings of the electric machine, at least one second inverter whose output terminal is connected to the phase terminal of a second of the single-phase windings of the electric machine, and a DC voltage source, a plurality of serially connected Has battery modules and their
Ausgangsanschlüsse jeweils mit den Eingangsanschlüssen des ersten Output terminals each to the input terminals of the first
Wechselrichters und mit den Eingangsanschlüssen des zweiten Wechselrichters verbunden sind, so dass der erste Wechselrichter und der zweite Wechselrichter in Parallelschaltung angeordnet sind. Inverter and are connected to the input terminals of the second inverter, so that the first inverter and the second inverter are arranged in parallel.
Vorteile der Erfindung Eine Idee der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, elektrische Maschinen mithilfe von standardisierten Leistungsbaugruppen, wie etwa Wechselrichtern, beispielsweise in B6-Topologie, anzusteuern. Derartige Wechselrichter sind als standardisierte Modultypen verfügbar, die durch Skaleneffekte kostengünstig zu beschaffen und implementieren sind. Durch die Modularisierung der Leistungsbaugruppen wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des elektrischen Antriebssystems vorteilhafterweise erhöht, ohne dass die Ausführung der elektrischen Maschine oder der einzelnen Leistungsbaugruppen an sich aufwändiger oder kostenintensiver wird. Für alle Leistungsbaugruppen können zudem einfache mechanische Verbindungsmittel vorgesehen werden, durch die die Systemmodule zusammengeschaltet werden können. Außerdem kann eine zentrale Steuereinrichtung, beispielsweise auf einer zentralen Steuerplatine, für alle Leistungsbaugruppen gleichermaßen vorgesehen werden. Advantages of the invention One idea of the present invention is to control electrical machines by means of standardized power assemblies, such as inverters, for example in B6 topology. Such inverters are available as standardized module types, which are inexpensive to procure and implement by economies of scale. The modularization of the power modules advantageously increases the efficiency of the electric drive system without the implementation of the electrical machine or of the individual power units per se being more expensive or expensive. In addition, simple mechanical connection means can be provided for all power modules, by means of which the system modules can be interconnected. In addition, a central control device, for example, on a central control board, be provided equally for all power assemblies.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen According to one embodiment of the electrical according to the invention
Antriebssystems können der erste und der zweite Wechselrichter jeweils einen einphasigen selbstgeführten Wechselrichter aufweisen, der eine symmetrische Halbbrücke aus jeweils zwei Leistungshalbleiterschaltern in Serienschaltung umfasst. Drive system, the first and the second inverter each having a single-phase self-commutated inverter comprising a balanced half-bridge of two power semiconductor switches in series circuit.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antriebssystems können die Schaltelemente jeweils Leistungshalbleiterschalter, vorzugsweise MOSFET-Schalter oder IGBT-Schalter, aufweisen. Diese Schalter sind besonders belastbar und zuverlässig anzusteuern. According to a further embodiment of the electric drive system according to the invention, the switching elements may each comprise power semiconductor switches, preferably MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. These switches are particularly durable and reliable to control.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antriebssystems kann das Antriebssystem weiterhin eine Steuereinrichtung aufweisen, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, die Leistungshalbleiterschalter des ersten Wechselrichters und des zweiten Wechselrichters anzusteuern, wobei die Steuereinrichtung auf einer zentralen Steuerplatine für den ersten Wechselrichter und den zweiten Wechselrichter angeordnet ist. According to a further embodiment of the electric drive system according to the invention, the drive system may further comprise a control device, which is designed to control the power semiconductor switches of the first inverter and the second inverter, wherein the control device is arranged on a central control board for the first inverter and the second inverter.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile von Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Further features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the attached
Zeichnungen. Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Drawings. Brief description of the drawings
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften konventionellen elektrischen Antriebssystems; und Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary conventional electric drive system; and
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Antriebssystems gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung. Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an electric drive system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen im Allgemeinen gleichartige oder gleich wirkende Komponenten. Die in den Figuren gezeigten schematischen Like reference numerals generally designate like or equivalent components. The schematic shown in the figures
Darstellungen sind nur beispielhafter Natur, die aus Gründen der Representations are only exemplary in nature, for the sake of
Übersichtlichkeit idealisiert abgebildet sind. Es versteht sich, dass die Clarity idealized are shown. It is understood that the
dargestellten Komponenten lediglich zur Veranschaulichung von Prinzipien und funktionellen Aspekten der vorliegenden Erfindung dienen. illustrated components are merely illustrative of principles and functional aspects of the present invention.
Fig. 2 zeigt schließlich eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Fig. 2 finally shows a schematic representation of an electrical
Antriebssystems 40 mit einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine 6, n>l, welche beispielsweise eine geschaltete Reluktanzmaschine oder eine Drehfeldmaschine sein kann. Die elektrische Maschine 6 weist beispielhaft vier einphasige Drive system 40 with an n-phase electric machine 6, n> l, which may be, for example, a switched reluctance machine or a rotating field machine. The electric machine 6 has, for example, four single-phase
Wicklungsstränge 6a bis 6d auf, die in ihrem Sternpunkt miteinander gekoppelt sein können. Das elektrische Antriebssystem 40 weist zudem ein Winding strands 6a to 6d, which may be coupled together in their neutral point. The electric drive system 40 also has
Wechselrichtersystem aus vier parallel gekoppelten Wechselrichtern 7a bis 7d auf. Dabei speist jeder der vier Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d an seinen Inverter system of four parallel-coupled inverters 7a to 7d on. In this case, each of the four inverters 7a to 7d feeds its
Ausgangsanschlüssen jeweils einen der einphasigen Wicklungsstränge 6a bis 6d der elektrischen Maschine 6. Output terminals each one of the single-phase winding strands 6a to 6d of the electric machine. 6
Die Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d weisen dabei jeweils eine Halbbrückentopologie auf, das heißt, jeder der Wechselrichter weist einen einphasigen selbstgeführten Wechselrichter auf, der ein symmetrische Halbbrücke aus jeweils zwei In this case, the inverters 7a to 7d each have a half-bridge topology, that is, each of the inverters has a single-phase, self-commutated inverter, which has a symmetrical half-bridge of two each
Leistungshalbleiterschaltern Hl und H2 in Serienschaltung umfasst. Die Power semiconductor switches Hl and H2 comprises in series. The
Leistungshalbleiterschalter können beispielsweise MOSFET-Schalter oder IGBT- Schalter sein. Es ist dabei jedoch auch möglich, jede andere Art von Schaltelementen als Schalter Hl und H2 zu verwenden und dabei parallel zu jedem Schaltelement Hl und H2 eine Freilaufdiode zu schalten. An einem Mittelabgriff der Halbbrücke der Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d ist jeweils die Phase der einphasigen Wicklungsstränge 6a bis 6d gekoppelt. Power semiconductor switches may be, for example, MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. However, it is also possible to use any other type of To use switching elements as switches Hl and H2 while switching a free-wheeling diode parallel to each switching element Hl and H2. At a center tap of the half-bridge of the inverters 7a to 7d, respectively, the phase of the single-phase winding strands 6a to 6d is coupled.
Die Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d können dabei entweder als separate The inverters 7a to 7d can be either as a separate
Wechselrichtereinheiten oder auch in einem gemeinsamen Wechselrichtermodul implementiert sein. In letzterem Fall kann ein einziges Wechselrichtermodul mit vier symmetrischen Halbbrücken vorgesehen werden, dass in entsprechender Weise mit der elektrischen Maschine 6 gekoppelt wird. Für die Ansteuerung der Leistungshalbleiterschalter Hl, H2 kann eine (nicht explizit dargestellte) Inverter units or be implemented in a common inverter module. In the latter case, a single inverter module with four symmetrical half-bridges can be provided, which is coupled in a corresponding manner to the electric machine 6. For controlling the power semiconductor switches H1, H2, a (not explicitly shown)
Steuereinrichtung eingesetzt werden, welche beispielsweise auf einer gemeinsamen Steuerplatine implementiert werden kann. Control device can be used, which can be implemented for example on a common control board.
Die Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d können beispielsweise durch eine gemeinsame Gleichspannungsquelle 1, beispielsweise eine Traktionsbatterie eines The inverters 7a to 7d, for example, by a common DC voltage source 1, for example, a traction battery of a
Elektrofahrzeugs mit elektrischer Gleichspannung versorgt werden. Die Electric vehicle to be supplied with electrical DC voltage. The
Gleichspannungsquelle 1 kann dazu beispielsweise eine Serienschaltung aus Batteriemodulen 5 aufweisen, deren Anzahl in Fig. 2 nur beispielhaft mit 3 dargestellt ist - jede andere Anzahl an Batteriemodulen 5 kann ebenso möglich sein. Ebenso ist es möglich, mehr als vier Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d parallel zu schalten, insbesondere wenn die elektrische Maschine 6 mehr als vier For this purpose, DC voltage source 1 can have, for example, a series connection of battery modules 5 whose number is shown in FIG. 2 only by way of example with FIG. 3 - any other number of battery modules 5 can also be possible. It is also possible to connect more than four inverters 7a to 7d in parallel, in particular if the electric machine 6 has more than four
Wicklungsstränge 6a bis 6d aufweist. Dazu kann jeder der Wechselrichter einem der Wicklungsstränge zugeordnet und mit selbigem elektrisch verbunden werden. Winding strands 6a to 6d has. For this purpose, each of the inverters can be assigned to one of the winding strands and electrically connected to the same.
Durch den Einsatz von mehreren prinzipiell gleichartigen Wechselrichtern 7a bis 7d könnnen die Phasenströme durch jeden der Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d gleich gehalten werden, auch wenn die Zahl der Wechselrichter größer als eins ist. Dadurch muss die Stromtragfähigkeit der Leistungshalbleiterschalter Hl, H2 der Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d gegenüber herkömmlichen Leistungshalbleiterschaltern nicht erhöht werden. Darüber hinaus kann jeder der Wechselrichter 7a bis 7d auch aus einer separaten Gleichspannungsquelle 1 gespeist werden. By using a plurality of principally similar inverters 7a to 7d, the phase currents through each of the inverters 7a to 7d can be kept the same even if the number of inverters is greater than one. As a result, the current-carrying capacity of the power semiconductor switches Hl, H2 of the inverters 7a to 7d need not be increased compared with conventional power semiconductor switches. In addition, each of the inverters 7a to 7d can also be fed from a separate DC voltage source 1.
Beispielsweise kann eine Speisung einer vierphasigen elektrischen Maschine 6 wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, auch durch zwei getrennte Gleichspannungsquellen 1 erfolgen, die in dieser Variante vorteilhafterweise benachbarte Wechselrichter jeweils alternierend speisen können, das heißt, benachbarte Wicklungsstränge der elektrischen Maschine 6 werden jeweils durch unterschiedliche For example, a supply of a four-phase electric machine 6 as shown in FIG. 2, also by two separate DC voltage sources. 1 take place, which in this variant advantageously adjacent inverters can each feed alternately, that is, adjacent winding strands of the electric machine 6 are each by different
Gleichspannungsquellen 1 bedient. DC voltage sources 1 operated.
In dem gezeigten Antriebssystem 40 der Fig. 2 kann die elektrische Maschine 6 beispielsweise eine Synchron- oder Asynchronmaschine, eine In the illustrated drive system 40 of FIG. 2, the electric machine 6, for example, a synchronous or asynchronous machine, a
Reluktanzmaschine oder ein bürstenloser Gleichstrommotor (BLDC,„brushless DC motor") sein. Es kann dabei auch möglich sein, das elektrische Reluctance machine or a brushless DC motor (BLDC, "brushless DC motor"). It may also be possible, the electric
Antriebssystem 40 der Fig. 2 in stationären Systemen einzusetzen, To use drive system 40 of FIG. 2 in stationary systems,
beispielsweise in Kraftwerken, in elektrischen Energiegewinnungsanlagen wie zum Beispiel Windkraftanlagen, Photovoltaikanlagen oder For example, in power plants, in electrical power plants such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems or
Kraftwärmekopplungsanlagen, in Energiespeicheranlagen wie zum Beispiel Druckluftspeicherkraftwerken, Batteriespeicherkraftwerken, Combined Heat and Power plants, in energy storage facilities such as compressed air storage power plants, battery storage power plants,
Schwungradspeichern, Pumpspeichern oder ähnlichen Systemen. Eine weitere Einsatzmöglichkeit des elektrischen Antriebssystems 40 der Fig. 2 sind Personen- oder Gütertransportfahrzeuge, welche zur Fortbewegung auf oder unter dem Wasser ausgelegt sind, beispielsweise Schiffe, Motorboote oder dergleichen. Flywheel accumulators, pumped storage or similar systems. Another possible use of the electric drive system 40 of Fig. 2 are passenger or freight vehicles, which are designed for locomotion on or under the water, such as ships, motor boats or the like.

Claims

Ansprüche 1. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (40), mit: Claims 1. Electric drive system (40), comprising:
einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine (6), n>l, welche mindestens zwei einphasige Wicklungsstränge (6a, 6b) aufweist; an n-phase electric machine (6), n> l, which has at least two single-phase winding strands (6a, 6b);
einem ersten Wechselrichter (7a), dessen Ausgangsanschluss mit dem a first inverter (7a) whose output terminal is connected to the
Phasenanschluss eines ersten der einphasigen Wicklungsstränge (6a) der elektrischen Maschine (6) verbunden ist; Phase connection of a first of the single-phase winding strands (6a) of the electric machine (6) is connected;
mindestens einem zweiten Wechselrichter (7b), dessen Ausgangsanschluss mit dem Phasenanschluss eines zweiten der einphasigen Wicklungsstränge (6b) der elektrischen Maschine (6) verbunden ist; und at least one second inverter (7b) whose output terminal is connected to the phase connection of a second one of the single-phase winding strands (6b) of the electrical machine (6); and
einerGleichspannungsquelle (1), die jeweils eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriemodulen (5) aufweist und deren Ausgangsanschlüsse (1) jeweils mit den Eingangsanschlüssen des ersten Wechselrichters (7a) und mit den Eingangsanschlüssen des zweiten Wechselrichters (7b) verbunden sind, so dass der erste Umrichter (7a) und der zweite Umrichter (7b) in Parallelschaltung angeordnet sind. a DC power source (1) each having a plurality of battery modules (5) connected in series and having their output terminals (1) connected to the input terminals of the first inverter (7a) and the input terminals of the second inverter (7b), respectively first inverter (7a) and the second inverter (7b) are arranged in parallel.
2. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (40) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste und der mindestens zweite Wechselrichter (7a, 7b) jeweils einen einphasigen selbstgeführten Wechselrichter aufweisen, der eine symmetrische Halbbrücke aus jeweils zwei Leistungshalbleiterschaltern (Hl, H2) in Serienschaltung umfasst. 2. Electric drive system (40) according to claim 1, wherein the first and the at least second inverter (7a, 7b) each comprise a single-phase self-commutated inverter comprising a balanced half-bridge of two power semiconductor switches (Hl, H2) in series.
3. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (40) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die 3. Electric drive system (40) according to claim 2, wherein the
Leistungshalbleiterschalter (Hl, H2) MOSFET-Schalter oder IGBT-Schalter aufweisen. Power semiconductor switch (Hl, H2) MOSFET switch or IGBT switch have.
4. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (40) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, weiterhin mit: The electric drive system (40) of any one of claims 2 to 3, further comprising:
einer Steuereinrichtung, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, die a control device, which is designed to, the
Leistungshalbleiterschalter (Hl, H2) des ersten Wechselrichters (7a) und des zweiten Wechselrichters (7b) anzusteuern, wobei die Steuereinrichtung auf einer zentralen Steuerplatine für den ersten Wechselrichter (7a) und den zweiten Wechselrichter (7b) angeordnet ist. Power semiconductor switch (Hl, H2) of the first inverter (7a) and the second inverter (7b) to control, wherein the control means is arranged on a central control board for the first inverter (7a) and the second inverter (7b).
EP15700349.2A 2014-02-27 2015-01-08 Electric drive system Withdrawn EP3111549A1 (en)

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DE102014203550.3A DE102014203550A1 (en) 2014-02-27 2014-02-27 Electric drive system
PCT/EP2015/050223 WO2015128104A1 (en) 2014-02-27 2015-01-08 Electric drive system

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