EP3104810A1 - Piezoelectric sensor for vision correction - Google Patents
Piezoelectric sensor for vision correctionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3104810A1 EP3104810A1 EP15749280.2A EP15749280A EP3104810A1 EP 3104810 A1 EP3104810 A1 EP 3104810A1 EP 15749280 A EP15749280 A EP 15749280A EP 3104810 A1 EP3104810 A1 EP 3104810A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- vision correction
- eye
- vibration
- lens
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
- A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
- A61F2/1624—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4851—Prosthesis assessment or monitoring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1107—Measuring contraction of parts of the body, e.g. organ, muscle
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6811—External prosthesis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
- A61B5/6821—Eye
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
- A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
- A61F2/1624—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside
- A61F2/1635—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside for changing shape
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0247—Pressure sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1101—Detecting tremor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0001—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
- A61F2250/0002—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants for data transfer
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to a piezoelectric sensor for vision correction, and more particularly, to a piezoelectric sensor adapted to detect ciliary muscle movement and shape for vision correction.
- Piezoelectricity can generally be described as an electrical charge in some solid materials, such as crystals, synthetic ceramics, polymers, biological matter such as bone, and organic nanostructures, with the most common material being the ceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT). When these materials receive mechanical stress or pressure, their stored energy is released as an electrical charge.
- PZT ceramic lead zirconate titanate
- Common applications for piezoelectricity include ignition devices, fuses, electric cigarette lighters, photovialtic cells, medical equipment, sensors, and transformers.
- Piezoelectricity can be used to power small, even nano-sized electronic devices, and can be stored in a capacitor or a battery.
- a battery will allow for steadier, lower energy output, while a capacitor will allow for higher energy spike during output.
- the application of piezoelectricity in microprocessors, network circuits, and other nano-sized devices is typically transmitted wirelessly, as it is generally impractical to power nano- sized devices with large-scale energy sources with direct connectivity.
- Piezoelectric thin films are very widely used in microelectromechanical systems
- Piezoelectric thin films have also been used in micro motors and micro gears, where the deformation caused by the applied electrical field is converted into linear or rotary motion.
- U.S. Patent 5,914,507 to Polla et al. describes a piezoelectric microdevice which uses thin film piezoelectric materials.
- Polla utilizes a deflectable component which is mounted for deflection on a device substrate which has a sensor/actuator.
- the sensor/actuator has first and second electrodes with a piezoelectric thin film piezoelectric material disposed between the first and second electrodes.
- the piezoelectric microdevice of Polla are adapted to stress the piezoelectric thin film material when a voltage is applied, resulting in a mechanical deformation or movement through its piezoelectric effect. This force can be transduced to move or position another object, creating a very precise motor.
- the human eye in very simplistic terms, is adapted to provide vision by detecting and converting light into electrical impulses for the brain.
- the main components of the human eye comprise the pupil, iris, cornea, crystalline lens, zonular fibres, ciliary muscle, retina, and optic nerve. These components work in conjunction to provide a clear and focused image with vibrant colors and proper intensity.
- the ciliary muscle is used to adjust the focus of the eye when viewing objects of varying distances.
- the ciliary muscle which is circular, is adapted to change the shape of the crystalline lens within the eye, which changes the way light is focused through the lens.
- the ciliary muscle contracts, it pulls itself forward, causing the crystalline lens to become more spherical and improving short range focus.
- the ciliary muscle relaxes, the crystalline lens is flattened and focal distance is increased.
- the zonular fibres hold the crystalline lens in its position when not being adjusted by the ciliary muscle.
- the human eye is extremely intricate and precise, but the image produced often needs correction.
- the most common type of vision correction includes glasses and/or contact lenses, which are used to improve vision by correcting refractive error. This is done by directly focusing the light so that it enters the eye with the proper intensity. For those who have trouble focusing their vision, an artificial, intraocular lens can be implanted in the eye to replace a damaged or missing crystalline lens
- vision correction devices are common in the prior art, there is currently no device which detects specific movements within the eye for focus correction. Furthermore, there is currently no non-surgical means for correcting the focus of the eye without undue burden on the user. Therefore, there is a continued need for a wearable ophthalmic vision correction device which makes use of the movements of the eye to correct the focus of the user without the need of surgical procedures or undue burden.
- the present invention satisfies these needs.
- the present invention will provide a wearable ophthalmic vision correction device which utilizes the movements of the eye to correct the focus of the user without the need of surgical procedures. More specifically, the present invention will detect the movement of the ciliary muscle and adaptively modify the shape of an artificial lens positioned inside or outside of the eye to adjust the focus of the lens. This adjustment will occur very rapidly and coincide with the ciliary muscle's attempt to focus the crystalline lens of the eye.
- the present invention comprises a vibration sensor and artificial lens actuator.
- the vibration sensor comprises a piezoelectric sensor in direct or indirect contact with the eye, with the preferred embodiment in the form of a contact lens.
- the vibration sensor is adapted to detect the frequencies generated by specific muscle movements within the eye, namely, the ciliary muscle. When these movements are detected, the artificial lens actuator is activated, physically adjusting the shape of a lens for correcting focus.
- the artificial lens actuator is adapted for use with a display to accommodate the change of focus.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the relevant anatomy of the eye with contact lens attached
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating the change of focus of the eye for distant vision
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the change of focus of the eye for close vision
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the fifth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of a first type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a top view of a first type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of a second type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 1 OB is a diagram illustrating a top view of a second type of vibration sensor
- FIG. IOC is a diagram illustrating a bottom view of a second type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 11 A is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of a third type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 1 IB is a diagram illustrating a top view of a third type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of a fourth type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating a top view of a fourth type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating a bottom view of a fourth type of vibration sensor
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a piezoelectric sensor array
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a contact lens structure of the present invention.
- the present invention comprises a vibrational sensor 40 in electrical connection with an artificial lens actuator 50 for artificial lens focus correction.
- the vibrational sensor 40 is adapted to detect a change of focus within the human eye 20, and once detected, the artificial lens actuator 50 is activated to correct the focus of the user.
- the vibrational sensor 40 and artificial lens actuator 50 are presented in several embodiments and orientations, each described in further detail below.
- the lens 24 When the ciliary muscles 25 contract, they loosen the ciliary fibers which are attached to the crystalline lens 24. Because the lens 24 is pliable, it relaxes into a more curved shape, increasing its refractive power to accommodate for closer viewing (Fig. 2B). When the eye 20 is relaxed and the crystalline lens 24 is the least rounded, the lens 24 has its maximum focal length for distant viewing (Fig. 2A). As the muscle tension around the ring of the ciliary muscle 25 is increased and the supporting fibers are thereby loosened, the crystalline lens 24 rounds out to its minimum focal length.
- the iris 23 serves as the aperture stop for the eye 20, closing to about 2mm in diameter in bright light and opening to a maximum of about 8mm in dim light.
- the vibrational sensor 40 is positioned in close proximity to the eye 20 and is adapted to detect specific activity triggered by a change of focus. More specifically, the vibrational sensor 40 is adapted to detect the movement of the ciliary muscles 25, zonule fibers, suspensory ligaments 26, crystalline lens 24, and iris 23, each of which generates a frequency within a specific range. The vibrational sensor 40 is adapted to monitor and distinguish these frequency from other unwanted frequencies. Furthermore, the vibration sensor 40 is adapted to determine frequency, intensity, force, length, and direction, so as to accurately determine which type and how much focus is desired. Each individual's ciliary muscles may produce a different frequency and force.
- the present invention will further comprise a calibration module for determining the specific frequency and force range for the user.
- the frequency range is between 0.01 Hz to 5 Hz and the force sensitivity is between 0.1 x 10 "2 N to 5 x 10 "2 N.
- the vibration sensor 40 is a piezoelectric sensor 41 adapted to detect frequencies within this range.
- the piezoelectric sensor 41 may comprise synthetic piezoelectric ceramics including, but not limited to, barium titanate, lead titanate, lead zirconate titanate, potassium niobate, lithium niobate, lithium tantalite, sodium tungstate, and zinc oxide.
- the piezoelectric sensor 41 may comprise a polymer piezoelectric such as polyvinylidene fluoride.
- biological piezoelectrics can be used including bone, tendon, silk, wood, enamel, dentin, DNA, and viral protein such as bacteriophage.
- the piezoelectric sensor 41 may be implemented in low power and powered
- the piezoelectric sensor 41 will produce an electrical charge when the piezoelectric material 42 receives the frequencies generated by the movement of the ciliary muscles 25 and/or other muscles within the eye.
- This non- powered embodiment will save power and lower the complexity of the circuit as it will not require an independent power source.
- the vibrational sensor 40 is adapted to only respond to a frequency within the above range, although it may generate an electrical charge from all frequencies so as to provide power to other components.
- an independent power source will provide an electrical charge for the vibrational sensor 40 and other components. More specifically, electrical tunneling of sharp tip shifting is used when there is vibration or a change of capacitance of a structure that moves during the vibration.
- the vibrational sensor 40 will activate the artificial lens actuator 50, which will artificially adjust the focus for the user.
- the artificial lens actuator 50 is adapted to physically alter the shape of an artificial lens, or intraocular lens 51 , corresponding with the frequency detected by the vibration sensor 40. For example, if the vibration sensor 40 detects that the eye 20 is focusing on an object at a distance, the artificial lens actuator 50 will physically alter the shape of the intraocular lens 51 to focus at a distance.
- the artificial lens actuator 50 in tandem with the vibration sensor 40, is adapted to determine whether the eye 20 is focusing near or far and at what distance. More specifically, the vibration sensor 40 will relay frequency, intensity, length, and direction information to the artificial lens actuator 50 so as to accurately determine which type and how much focus is desired.
- the vibration sensor 40 is positioned outside of the cornea 21 and will be mechanically coupled with the surface of the cornea 21 for vibration detection (Fig. 4).
- a contact lens 30 is displayed such that the vibration sensor 40 rests adjacent to the eye 20 when the contact lens 30 is worn.
- the vibration sensor 40 will activate the artificial lens actuator 50 within the contact lens 30 if a frequency is detected.
- the contact lens 30 will then adjust the shape of the contact lens 30, adjusting the focus of the eye 20 accordingly. All components must be highly flexible to operate within a stretchable and elastic contact lens 30 and within the delicate structure in and around the eye 20.
- the vibration sensor 40 is positioned within the eye 20 and will be mechanically coupled with the ciliary muscle 40 (Fig. 5).
- the intraocular lens 51 is positioned such that a pair of vibration sensors 40 are positioned adjacent to the ciliary muscles 25 as they attach to the intraocular lens 51.
- the artificial lens actuator 50 will change the shape of the intraocular lens 51, thereby adjusting the focus of the eye 20 accordingly.
- the vibration sensor 40 is positioned outside of the eye 20 on a pair of glasses 60 (Fig. 6).
- the vibration sensor 40 is positioned on the temples and nose pads of the glasses 60, where there is direct contact with the face of the user.
- the vibration sensors 40 will be adapted to detect the frequency from the ciliary muscles 25 and/or other movements of the eye 20.
- the artificial lens actuator 50 will adjust the shape of the intraocular lens 51 , thereby adjusting the focus of the eye 20 accordingly.
- the glasses 60 may be adapted to provide a display for the user, and as such, the artificial lens actuator 50 will instead manipulate the display to accommodate the change of focus.
- the vibration sensor 40 is positioned outside of the eye 20 and in wired or wireless communication with goggles 70 or other type of helmet (Fig. 7).
- the vibration sensor 40 is positioned directly on the user's face in close proximity to the eye 20.
- the vibration sensor 40 will detect the frequency from the ciliary muscles 25 and/or other movements of the eye 20 and act as a trigger.
- the goggles 70 or helmet will be adapted to provide a display for the user, and as such, if a frequency is detected, the display 50 may be activated, deactivated, or otherwise trigger a display within the goggles 70 or helmet.
- the vibration sensor 40 is implanted or otherwise directly attached to an artificial or natural eye 20 for vibration detection (Fig. 8).
- the vibration sensor 40 will detect the frequency from the ciliary muscles 25 and/or other movements of the eye 20 and relay this information to the artificial lens actuator 50 electronically. If the artificial lens actuator 50 is positioned within the eye 20, the communication will be wired, and if outside the eye 20, the communication will be wireless.
- Figs. 9 A and 9B illustrate a type 1 cantilever piezoelectric structure having a clamp 43 on one end. This permits the piezoelectric material 42 to vibrate freely. It has solid interface material at the tip of the cantilever 44 to detect the vibration, while the base 45 is made from silicon.
- Figs. 11 A and 1 IB illustrate a type 3 enclosed membrane piezoelectric structure which is clamped 43 on all ends or partially clamped. Here, vibration is detected when the center of the piezoelectric material membrane 42 vibrates with the frequency of the ciliary muscle movements of the eye 20.
- This embodiment comprises a solid interface material 44 at the tip of the center of the membrane to detect the vibration, while the base 45 is made from silicon.
- Fig. 13 displays how a piezoelectric sensor array may be positioned on a contact lens.
- Fig. 14 displays how the layers of the contact lens are positioned.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201461939736P | 2014-02-13 | 2014-02-13 | |
PCT/US2015/015978 WO2015123616A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-13 | Piezoelectric sensor for vision correction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3104810A1 true EP3104810A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
EP3104810A4 EP3104810A4 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
Family
ID=57282209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15749280.2A Withdrawn EP3104810A4 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-13 | Piezoelectric sensor for vision correction |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3104810A4 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6638304B2 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-10-28 | Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary | Vision prosthesis |
US8778022B2 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2014-07-15 | E-Vision Smart Optics Inc. | Electro-active intraocular lenses |
WO2012006691A1 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-01-19 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Bionic eye lens |
US8574295B2 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-11-05 | Vista Ocular, Llc | Accommodating intra-ocular lens system |
-
2015
- 2015-02-13 EP EP15749280.2A patent/EP3104810A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2015123616A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3104810A4 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
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