EP3102740B1 - Pile shoe and pile - Google Patents
Pile shoe and pile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3102740B1 EP3102740B1 EP15703621.1A EP15703621A EP3102740B1 EP 3102740 B1 EP3102740 B1 EP 3102740B1 EP 15703621 A EP15703621 A EP 15703621A EP 3102740 B1 EP3102740 B1 EP 3102740B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- base plate
- pile
- dowel
- hole
- neck portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
- E02D5/285—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals tubular, e.g. prefabricated from sheet pile elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/72—Pile shoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rock shoe according to the preamble of claim 1 and more particularly to a rock shoe for a longitudinal pile to be installed into ground, the rock shoe comprising a dowel comprising neck portion and a drive portion, and a base plate to be mounted to an end of the pile, the base plate comprising a lower surface provided with a hole extending into the base plate, the hole provided to the base plate being arranged to receive the neck portion of the dowel for securing the dowel to the base plate such that the drive portion of the dowel protrudes from the lower surface of the base plate.
- the present invention further relates to pile according to the preamble of claim 8 and more particularly to a steel pile to be installed into ground, the pile comprising a first end and a second end, the first end of the pile being provided with a rock shoe for penetration into the ground, the rock shoe comprising base plate mounted to the first end of the pile, the base plate having a lower surface faced away from the pile and a hole extending from the lower surface towards the pile, and a dowel having a neck portion and a drive portion, the neck portion of the dowel being mounted into the hole of the base plate such that the drive portion of the dowel protrudes from the lower surface of the base plate and from the first end of the pile.
- Piles, particularly steel piles and tubular driven steel piles may be provided with a rock shoe facilitating and enabling the penetration of the pile into the ground and a rock shoe also spread the support force of a rock to the whole cross section of a pile.
- the rock shoe is mounted to the lower end of the longitudinal pile and it is thus the tip of the pile when it is installed into the ground.
- the rock shoe conventionally comprises base plate mounted to the lower end of the pile and a dowel or point mounted to the base plate. During the installation of the pile into the ground the forces are transferred from the dowel to the base plate and from the base plate further to the pile.
- the dowel is loosely secured to the base plate and such that the forces are transferred to the base plate linearly in the longitudinal direction of the pile.
- the base plate is on the other hand mounted to the lower end of the pile such that the forces from the dowel are further transferred to the pile via the lower end of the pile and in the longitudinal direction of the pile.
- the dowel of the rock shoe may encounter inclined rock surfaces or other hard inclined surfaces in the ground during installation of the pile.
- the forces subjected to the dowel are not in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pile, but the inclined rock surface tends to turn the dowel in relation to the base plate and the pile. This is caused because only one edge portion or corner of the dowel is first pressed against the inclined rock surface.
- the dowel causes a moment force to the base plate and the loosely to the base plate mounted dowel tends to tilt in relation to the base plate. Accordingly the forces are not transferred from the dowel to the base plate and from the base plate further to the pile in the longitudinal of the pile.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a rock shoe and pile so as to overcome or at least alleviate the prior art disadvantages.
- the objects of the invention are achieved by a rock shoe according to the characterizing portion of claim 1, and more particularly with a rock shoe in which the hole of the base plate comprises a tapered hole portion extending and tapering from the lower surface of the base plate into the base plate, and that the neck portion of the dowel comprises a tapered neck portion extending and tapering from drive portion and corresponding the tapered hole portion.
- a pile according to claim 9 and more particularly with a pile in which a hole of the base plate of a rock shoe comprises a tapered hole portion extending and tapering from the lower surface of the base plate towards the pile, and a the neck portion of the dowel comprises a tapered neck portion extending and tapering from drive portion and corresponding the tapered hole portion.
- the invention is based on the idea of providing a rock shoe which comprises a tapered or conical support surfaces between the dowel of the rock shoe and the base plate of the rock shoe.
- the base plate is provided with a hole extending from the lower surface of the base plate into the base plate.
- the hole of the base plate is provided with a tapered or conical hole portion extending and tapering from the lower surface of the base plate into the base plate.
- the tapered hole portion comprises a tapered hole support surface.
- the dowel of the rock on the other hand comprises a drive portion which is in contact with the ground and penetrates the ground during installation of the pile, and a neck portion extending from the drive portion are arranged to be mounted into the hole of the base plate for securing the dowel to the base plate.
- the neck portion of the dowel comprises a tapered or conical neck portion extending the drive portion and tapering away from the drive portion.
- the tapered neck portion comprises a tapered neck support surface.
- the tapered neck portion and the tapered hole portion correspond each other such that the tapered neck support surface and the tapered hole support surface fit and are arranged against each other during installing the pile. Accordingly the dowel is supported to the base plate via the tapered or conical portion of the hole of the base plate and the neck of the dowel for transferring the forces via the mating tapered hole support surface and the tapered neck support surface.
- the forces subjected to the dowel during installing the pile are transported from the dowel to the base plate via the tapered or conical support surfaces of the hole of the base plate and neck portion. Therefore, the forces are transported from the dowel to the base plate in the longitudinal direction of the pile and also transversely, or perpendicularly, to the longitudinal direction of the pile.
- the conical or tapered portions and surfaces of the hole and the neck further center the dowel to the hole and prevent the dowel from tilting due to inclined rock surfaces during installation of the pile. Therefore, the rock shoe and the pile may be more effective and accurately installed to a desired location and position in the ground.
- the base plate may be formed smaller, thinner and not so massive without risk for damages. The rock shoe and pile becomes simpler and material savings may be obtained.
- Figure 1 is shows a pile 2 and a base plate 10 of a rock shoe.
- the pile 2 is preferably a tubular steel pile having an inner surface 6 and an outer surface 4.
- the pile 2 may further or alternatively be tubular driven pile or the like.
- the pile 2 comprises lower end 3 having a lower end surface 8.
- the base plate 10 of the rock shoe is mounted to the lower end 3 of the pile 2.
- the base plate 10 is mounted to the first end 3 of the pile 2 with a friction joint such that the base plate 10 is at least partly inside the pile 2 and fitted against the inner surface 6 of the pile 2.
- the base plate 10 is supported against the lower end surface 8 of the first end 3 of the pile 2 for transferring forces from the base plate 10 to the pile 2.
- the base plate 10 comprises a first shoulder 16 having a first shoulder support surface 18.
- the first shoulder support surface 18 is arranged against the lower end surface 8 of the first end 3 of the pile for supporting the base plate 10 to the pile 2 and transferring forces from the base plate 10 to the pile 2.
- the base plate 10 comprises an outer sleeve which is arranged to be fitted against the outer surface 4 of the pile 2 for mounting the base plate 10 with a friction joint to the first end 3 of the pile 2. It is obvious that all parts may also be jointed together by welding.
- an upper surface of the base plate 10 may be supported to the lower end surface 8 of the first end 3 of the pile 2 for transferring forces from the base plate 10 to the pile 2.
- the pile 2 and the base plate 10 have preferably circular cross section.
- the base plate 10 of the rock shoe to be mounted to an end 3 of the pile 2 comprises a lower surface 14 faced away from the pile 2 and an upper surface 12 faced towards to the pile 2.
- the base plate 10 further comprises a hole 20 extending into the base plate 10 and from the lower surface 14 towards the pile 2.
- the hole 20 is a through hole extending from the lower surface 14 of the base plate to the upper surface 12 of the base plate 12.
- the hole 20 of the base plate 10 may be a blind hole having depth less than the thickness of the base late 10 and extending from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 into the base plate 10.
- the hole 20 has preferably a circular cross section.
- the hole 14 of the base plate 10 comprises a tapered hole portion 26 extending and tapering from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 into the base plate 10.
- the cross section of the tapered or conical hole portion 26 decreases from the lower surface 14 towards the upper surface 12 and the pile 2.
- the tapered hole portion 26 comprises a tapered or conical hole support surface 28.
- the hole 20 of the base plate 10 further comprises a straight hole portion 22 having a uniform cross section and extending from the tapered hole portion 26 into the base plate 10 and to the upper surface 12 of the base plate 10.
- the straight hole portion 22 comprises a straight hole support surface 24.
- Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a dowel 30 of the rock shoe to be mounted to the base plate 10.
- the dowel 30 comprises a drive portion 32 and a neck portion 40.
- the drive portion 32 forms the tip or point of the rock shoe for penetration into the ground and the neck portion 40 is provided for mounting the dowel 30 to the base plate 10.
- the dowel 30 has preferable a circular cross section, and drive portion 32 has larger cross section area or diameter that the neck portion 40. Therefore, the dowel 30 may comprise a second shoulder 34 forming a second shoulder support surface 36.
- the neck portion 40 extends from the drive portion 32, and more particularly from the second shoulder support surface 36 of the drive portion 30.
- the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 is arranged to be inserted into the hole 20 of the base plate 10 for mounting and securing the dowel 30 to the base plate 10.
- the neck portion 40 comprises a tapered neck portion 43 extending and tapering from drive portion 32 and towards an upper end 42 of the neck portion 40 and dowel 30.
- the tapered or conical neck portion 43 comprises a tapered neck support surface 46.
- the tapered neck portion 43 and the tapered neck support surface 46 correspond the tapered hole portion 26 and the tapered hole support surface 28.
- the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 comprises a straight neck portion 41 having uniform cross section and extending from the tapered neck portion 43 away from the drive portion 32 and to the upper end 42 of the dowel 30.
- the straight neck portion 41 comprises a straight neck support surface 44.
- Figure 3 shows the tapered hole portion 26 of the hole 20 base plate 10 and the tapered neck portion 43 of the dowel 30 in detail.
- the depth D of the tapered hole portion 26 into the base plate 10 may be 20 to 100 % or preferably at least 30 % of the thickness A of the base plate 10. Accordingly the tapered hole portion 26 may extend along the hole 20 from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 to the upper surface 12 of the base plate 12 or from the lower surface 14 to a bottom of the hole 20 if it is a blind hole.
- the hole 20 be provided with a tapering cross along the whole depth D, and thus the hole 20 comprises no straight hole portion 22.
- the depth D of the tapered hole portion 26 is approximately third, or 33 %, of the thickness A of the base plate 10.
- the tapered hole portion 26 comprises a first tapering angle, or coning angle, ⁇ , as shown in figure 3 .
- the first tapering angle ⁇ of the tapered hole portion 26 of the base plate 10 may be between 10 to 45 degrees or preferably at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees.
- the height H of the tapered neck portion 43 of the dowel 30 corresponds preferably the depth D of the tapered hole portion 26.
- the height H of the tapered neck portion 43 may be maximally the height B of the whole neck portion 40 such that the tapered neck portion 40 comprises no straight neck portion 41.
- the tapered neck portion 43 comprises a second tapering angle, or coning angle, ⁇ , as shown in figure 3 .
- the second tapering angle ⁇ of the tapered hole portion 43 of the neck 40 of the dowel 30 may be between 10 to 45 degrees or at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees.
- the first and second tapering angle ⁇ , ⁇ preferably correspond each other and thus the first tapering angle ⁇ of the tapered hole portion 26 of the base plate 10 and the second tapering angle ⁇ of the tapered neck portion 43 of the dowel 30 may both be between 10 to 45 degrees, or at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees.
- Figure 4 shows one embodiment of the rock shoe 1 and the pile of the present invention.
- the base plate 10 is mounted to the first end 3 of the pile 2.
- the hole 20 provided to the base plate 10 is arranged to receive the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 for securing the dowel 30 to the base plate 10 such that the drive portion 32 of the dowel 30 protrudes from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10.
- the hole 20 of the base plate 10 comprises the tapered hole portion 26 extending and tapering from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 into the base plate 10.
- the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 comprises the tapered neck portion 43 extending and tapering from drive portion 32 and corresponding the tapered hole portion 26.
- the tapered neck support surface 46 is arranged and supported against the tapered hole support surface 28, as shown in figure 4 .
- the second shoulder support surface 36 is arranged and supported against the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10.
- the tapered hole portion 26 and the tapered neck portion 43 are designed and dimensioned such that tapered support surfaces 28, 46 and the second shoulder surface 36 and the lower surface 14 base plate 10 are arranged against each other at the same time such that the dowel 30 is supported to the base plate 10 by the second shoulder 34 and the tapered neck portion 43.
- the dowel 30 is supported to the base plate 10 only by the tapered neck portion 43.
- the dowel 30 may be formed such that it does not comprise second shoulder 34 at all and thus the dowel 30 is supported base plate 10 only by the tapered neck and the tapered support surfaces 28, 46. It should be noted that in all the embodiments of the present invention the dowel 10 is supported to the base plate 10 at least by the tapered neck portion 43.
- the hole 20 of the base plate 10 is a through hole extending from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 to an upper surface 12 of the base plate 10.
- Such a hole enables the fixing if a dowel 30 to the base plate 10 with less work.
- the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 is arranged to extend in the hole 20 through the base plate 10 from the lower surface 14 to and/or above the upper surface 12, and over the upper surface 14 of the base plate 10.
- the rock shoe 1 further comprises securing means above the upper surface 12 for loosely securing the dowel 30 to the base plate 10.
- the securing means may comprise retainer 50, such a s retainer ring or locking ring, arranged to the upper end 42 or vicinity thereof of the neck potion 40 of the dowel 30 for securing the dowel 30 to the base plate 10.
- retainer 50 such as a s retainer ring or locking ring
- the dowel 30 is thus secured loosely between the upper surface 12 and lower surface 14 of the base plate 10.
- Loosely secured means in this connection that the dowel 30 may move little in the longitudinal direction of the pile 2 relative to the base plate 10. Accordingly the distance between the retainer 50 and the second shoulder 34 is greater than the thickness A of the base plate 10.
- Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment, in which the hole 20 of the base plate 10 is a blind hole having depth D less than the thickness A of the base late 10 from the lower surface 14 to an upper surface 12 of the base plate 10.
- the upper end of the neck portion 40 remains inside the base plate 10.
- the securing means comprise retainer 50 arranged to the upper end 42 or vicinity thereof of the neck potion 40 of the dowel 30 and a retainer cavity 52 formed inside the base plate 10.
- a retainer cavity needs additional work which is possible to avoid with embodiment according to Figure 4 .
- the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 is arranged to extend from the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 to the retainer cavity 52 in the hole 20 for securing the dowel 30 between the retainer cavity 52 and the lower surface 14 of the base plate 10 by means of the tapering neck portion 43 and the retainer 50. Also in this embodiment the invention the dowel 10 is supported to the base plate 10 at least by the tapered neck portion 43 during use.
- a tapered hole portion 26 in a hole 20 of base plate 10 of a rock shoe 1 and a tapered neck portion 43 in a neck portion 40 of dowel 30 of a rock shoe 1 are used for arranging and supporting the dowel 30 to the base plate 10 such that the neck portion 40 of the dowel 30 is installed into the hole 20 of the base plate 10.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a rock shoe according to the preamble of
claim 1 and more particularly to a rock shoe for a longitudinal pile to be installed into ground, the rock shoe comprising a dowel comprising neck portion and a drive portion, and a base plate to be mounted to an end of the pile, the base plate comprising a lower surface provided with a hole extending into the base plate, the hole provided to the base plate being arranged to receive the neck portion of the dowel for securing the dowel to the base plate such that the drive portion of the dowel protrudes from the lower surface of the base plate. The present invention further relates to pile according to the preamble ofclaim 8 and more particularly to a steel pile to be installed into ground, the pile comprising a first end and a second end, the first end of the pile being provided with a rock shoe for penetration into the ground, the rock shoe comprising base plate mounted to the first end of the pile, the base plate having a lower surface faced away from the pile and a hole extending from the lower surface towards the pile, and a dowel having a neck portion and a drive portion, the neck portion of the dowel being mounted into the hole of the base plate such that the drive portion of the dowel protrudes from the lower surface of the base plate and from the first end of the pile. - Piles, particularly steel piles and tubular driven steel piles may be provided with a rock shoe facilitating and enabling the penetration of the pile into the ground and a rock shoe also spread the support force of a rock to the whole cross section of a pile. The rock shoe is mounted to the lower end of the longitudinal pile and it is thus the tip of the pile when it is installed into the ground. The rock shoe conventionally comprises base plate mounted to the lower end of the pile and a dowel or point mounted to the base plate. During the installation of the pile into the ground the forces are transferred from the dowel to the base plate and from the base plate further to the pile. The dowel is loosely secured to the base plate and such that the forces are transferred to the base plate linearly in the longitudinal direction of the pile. The base plate is on the other hand mounted to the lower end of the pile such that the forces from the dowel are further transferred to the pile via the lower end of the pile and in the longitudinal direction of the pile.
- The dowel of the rock shoe may encounter inclined rock surfaces or other hard inclined surfaces in the ground during installation of the pile. In this situation the forces subjected to the dowel are not in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pile, but the inclined rock surface tends to turn the dowel in relation to the base plate and the pile. This is caused because only one edge portion or corner of the dowel is first pressed against the inclined rock surface. Thus the dowel causes a moment force to the base plate and the loosely to the base plate mounted dowel tends to tilt in relation to the base plate. Accordingly the forces are not transferred from the dowel to the base plate and from the base plate further to the pile in the longitudinal of the pile. The shifted force direction and the tilting of the dowel cause increased loads to the rock shoe, dowel and base plate and also to the pile and subjects the rock shoe and pile to damages and difficulties in the installation of the pile. In
BE428382 - An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a rock shoe and pile so as to overcome or at least alleviate the prior art disadvantages. The objects of the invention are achieved by a rock shoe according to the characterizing portion of
claim 1, and more particularly with a rock shoe in which the hole of the base plate comprises a tapered hole portion extending and tapering from the lower surface of the base plate into the base plate, and that the neck portion of the dowel comprises a tapered neck portion extending and tapering from drive portion and corresponding the tapered hole portion. The objects of the present invention are further achieved with a pile according to claim 9, and more particularly with a pile in which a hole of the base plate of a rock shoe comprises a tapered hole portion extending and tapering from the lower surface of the base plate towards the pile, and a the neck portion of the dowel comprises a tapered neck portion extending and tapering from drive portion and corresponding the tapered hole portion. - The invention is based on the idea of providing a rock shoe which comprises a tapered or conical support surfaces between the dowel of the rock shoe and the base plate of the rock shoe. The base plate is provided with a hole extending from the lower surface of the base plate into the base plate. The hole of the base plate is provided with a tapered or conical hole portion extending and tapering from the lower surface of the base plate into the base plate. The tapered hole portion comprises a tapered hole support surface. The dowel of the rock on the other hand comprises a drive portion which is in contact with the ground and penetrates the ground during installation of the pile, and a neck portion extending from the drive portion are arranged to be mounted into the hole of the base plate for securing the dowel to the base plate. The neck portion of the dowel comprises a tapered or conical neck portion extending the drive portion and tapering away from the drive portion. The tapered neck portion comprises a tapered neck support surface. The tapered neck portion and the tapered hole portion correspond each other such that the tapered neck support surface and the tapered hole support surface fit and are arranged against each other during installing the pile. Accordingly the dowel is supported to the base plate via the tapered or conical portion of the hole of the base plate and the neck of the dowel for transferring the forces via the mating tapered hole support surface and the tapered neck support surface.
- Accordingly the forces subjected to the dowel during installing the pile are transported from the dowel to the base plate via the tapered or conical support surfaces of the hole of the base plate and neck portion. Therefore, the forces are transported from the dowel to the base plate in the longitudinal direction of the pile and also transversely, or perpendicularly, to the longitudinal direction of the pile. Thus the forces are distributed from the dowel to the base plate and further to the pile effectively and moment forces due to the inclined rock surfaces may be substantially eliminated. The conical or tapered portions and surfaces of the hole and the neck further center the dowel to the hole and prevent the dowel from tilting due to inclined rock surfaces during installation of the pile. Therefore, the rock shoe and the pile may be more effective and accurately installed to a desired location and position in the ground. Furthermore, the base plate may be formed smaller, thinner and not so massive without risk for damages. The rock shoe and pile becomes simpler and material savings may be obtained.
- In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached [accompanying] drawings, in which
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Figure 1 shows one embodiment of a base plate in an end of a pile according to the present invention; -
Figure 2 shows one embodiment of a dowel of the a rock shoe according to the present invention; -
Figure 3 shows features of the base plate and dowel offigures 1 and2 in more detail; -
Figure 4 one embodiment of rock shoe according to the present invention mounted to a pile; and -
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of rock shoe according to the present invention mounted to a pile. -
Figure 1 is shows apile 2 and abase plate 10 of a rock shoe. Thepile 2 is preferably a tubular steel pile having aninner surface 6 and anouter surface 4. Thepile 2 may further or alternatively be tubular driven pile or the like. Thepile 2 compriseslower end 3 having alower end surface 8. As shown infigure 1 , thebase plate 10 of the rock shoe is mounted to thelower end 3 of thepile 2. Thebase plate 10 is mounted to thefirst end 3 of thepile 2 with a friction joint such that thebase plate 10 is at least partly inside thepile 2 and fitted against theinner surface 6 of thepile 2. Thebase plate 10 is supported against thelower end surface 8 of thefirst end 3 of thepile 2 for transferring forces from thebase plate 10 to thepile 2. Thebase plate 10 comprises afirst shoulder 16 having a firstshoulder support surface 18. The firstshoulder support surface 18 is arranged against thelower end surface 8 of thefirst end 3 of the pile for supporting thebase plate 10 to thepile 2 and transferring forces from thebase plate 10 to thepile 2. In an alternative embodiment (not shown) thebase plate 10 comprises an outer sleeve which is arranged to be fitted against theouter surface 4 of thepile 2 for mounting thebase plate 10 with a friction joint to thefirst end 3 of thepile 2. It is obvious that all parts may also be jointed together by welding. In this embodiment an upper surface of thebase plate 10 may be supported to thelower end surface 8 of thefirst end 3 of thepile 2 for transferring forces from thebase plate 10 to thepile 2. Thepile 2 and thebase plate 10 have preferably circular cross section. - The
base plate 10 of the rock shoe to be mounted to anend 3 of thepile 2 comprises alower surface 14 faced away from thepile 2 and anupper surface 12 faced towards to thepile 2. Thebase plate 10 further comprises ahole 20 extending into thebase plate 10 and from thelower surface 14 towards thepile 2. In the embodiment offigure 1 thehole 20 is a through hole extending from thelower surface 14 of the base plate to theupper surface 12 of thebase plate 12. In an alternative embodiment thehole 20 of thebase plate 10 may be a blind hole having depth less than the thickness of the base late 10 and extending from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 into thebase plate 10. Thehole 20 has preferably a circular cross section. - As shown in
figure 1 , thehole 14 of thebase plate 10 comprises atapered hole portion 26 extending and tapering from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 into thebase plate 10. The cross section of the tapered orconical hole portion 26 decreases from thelower surface 14 towards theupper surface 12 and thepile 2. The taperedhole portion 26 comprises a tapered or conicalhole support surface 28. Thehole 20 of thebase plate 10 further comprises astraight hole portion 22 having a uniform cross section and extending from the taperedhole portion 26 into thebase plate 10 and to theupper surface 12 of thebase plate 10. Thestraight hole portion 22 comprises a straighthole support surface 24. -
Figure 2 shows an embodiment of adowel 30 of the rock shoe to be mounted to thebase plate 10. Thedowel 30 comprises adrive portion 32 and aneck portion 40. Thedrive portion 32 forms the tip or point of the rock shoe for penetration into the ground and theneck portion 40 is provided for mounting thedowel 30 to thebase plate 10. Thedowel 30 has preferable a circular cross section, and driveportion 32 has larger cross section area or diameter that theneck portion 40. Therefore, thedowel 30 may comprise asecond shoulder 34 forming a secondshoulder support surface 36. Theneck portion 40 extends from thedrive portion 32, and more particularly from the secondshoulder support surface 36 of thedrive portion 30. Theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 is arranged to be inserted into thehole 20 of thebase plate 10 for mounting and securing thedowel 30 to thebase plate 10. - The
neck portion 40 comprises a taperedneck portion 43 extending and tapering fromdrive portion 32 and towards anupper end 42 of theneck portion 40 anddowel 30. The tapered orconical neck portion 43 comprises a taperedneck support surface 46. The taperedneck portion 43 and the taperedneck support surface 46 correspond the taperedhole portion 26 and the taperedhole support surface 28. Theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 comprises astraight neck portion 41 having uniform cross section and extending from the taperedneck portion 43 away from thedrive portion 32 and to theupper end 42 of thedowel 30. Thestraight neck portion 41 comprises a straightneck support surface 44. -
Figure 3 shows the taperedhole portion 26 of thehole 20base plate 10 and the taperedneck portion 43 of thedowel 30 in detail. The depth D of the taperedhole portion 26 into thebase plate 10 may be 20 to 100 % or preferably at least 30 % of the thickness A of thebase plate 10. Accordingly the taperedhole portion 26 may extend along thehole 20 from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 to theupper surface 12 of thebase plate 12 or from thelower surface 14 to a bottom of thehole 20 if it is a blind hole. Thus thehole 20 be provided with a tapering cross along the whole depth D, and thus thehole 20 comprises nostraight hole portion 22. In the embodiment offigure 3 the depth D of the taperedhole portion 26 is approximately third, or 33 %, of the thickness A of thebase plate 10. The taperedhole portion 26 comprises a first tapering angle, or coning angle, α, as shown infigure 3 . The first tapering angle α of the taperedhole portion 26 of thebase plate 10 may be between 10 to 45 degrees or preferably at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees. The height H of the taperedneck portion 43 of thedowel 30 corresponds preferably the depth D of the taperedhole portion 26. The height H of the taperedneck portion 43 may be maximally the height B of thewhole neck portion 40 such that the taperedneck portion 40 comprises nostraight neck portion 41. The taperedneck portion 43 comprises a second tapering angle, or coning angle, β, as shown infigure 3 . The second tapering angle β of the taperedhole portion 43 of theneck 40 of thedowel 30 may be between 10 to 45 degrees or at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees. The first and second tapering angle α, β preferably correspond each other and thus the first tapering angle α of the taperedhole portion 26 of thebase plate 10 and the second tapering angle β of the taperedneck portion 43 of thedowel 30 may both be between 10 to 45 degrees, or at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees. -
Figure 4 shows one embodiment of therock shoe 1 and the pile of the present invention. Thebase plate 10 is mounted to thefirst end 3 of thepile 2. Thehole 20 provided to thebase plate 10 is arranged to receive theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 for securing thedowel 30 to thebase plate 10 such that thedrive portion 32 of thedowel 30 protrudes from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10. Thehole 20 of thebase plate 10 comprises the taperedhole portion 26 extending and tapering from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 into thebase plate 10. Theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 comprises the taperedneck portion 43 extending and tapering fromdrive portion 32 and corresponding the taperedhole portion 26. As theneck portion 40 is mounted into thehole 20 such that thedrive portion 32 protrudes from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 and from thefirst end 3 of thepile 2, the taperedneck support surface 46 is arranged and supported against the taperedhole support surface 28, as shown infigure 4 . Furthermore, the secondshoulder support surface 36 is arranged and supported against thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10. The taperedhole portion 26 and the taperedneck portion 43 are designed and dimensioned such that tapered support surfaces 28, 46 and thesecond shoulder surface 36 and thelower surface 14base plate 10 are arranged against each other at the same time such that thedowel 30 is supported to thebase plate 10 by thesecond shoulder 34 and the taperedneck portion 43. In an alternative embodiment thedowel 30 is supported to thebase plate 10 only by the taperedneck portion 43. Thus thesecond shoulder 34 and thesecond shoulder surface 36 are not supported against thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10, but there is a gap between thesecond shoulder surface 36 and thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10. In a yet alternative embodiment thedowel 30 may be formed such that it does not comprisesecond shoulder 34 at all and thus thedowel 30 is supportedbase plate 10 only by the tapered neck and the tapered support surfaces 28, 46. It should be noted that in all the embodiments of the present invention thedowel 10 is supported to thebase plate 10 at least by the taperedneck portion 43. - As shown in
figure 4 , thehole 20 of thebase plate 10 is a through hole extending from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 to anupper surface 12 of thebase plate 10. Such a hole enables the fixing if adowel 30 to thebase plate 10 with less work. Theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 is arranged to extend in thehole 20 through thebase plate 10 from thelower surface 14 to and/or above theupper surface 12, and over theupper surface 14 of thebase plate 10. Therock shoe 1 further comprises securing means above theupper surface 12 for loosely securing thedowel 30 to thebase plate 10. The securing means may compriseretainer 50, such a s retainer ring or locking ring, arranged to theupper end 42 or vicinity thereof of theneck potion 40 of thedowel 30 for securing thedowel 30 to thebase plate 10. As shown infigure 4 , thedowel 30 is thus secured loosely between theupper surface 12 andlower surface 14 of thebase plate 10. Loosely secured means in this connection that thedowel 30 may move little in the longitudinal direction of thepile 2 relative to thebase plate 10. Accordingly the distance between theretainer 50 and thesecond shoulder 34 is greater than the thickness A of thebase plate 10. -
Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment, in which thehole 20 of thebase plate 10 is a blind hole having depth D less than the thickness A of the base late 10 from thelower surface 14 to anupper surface 12 of thebase plate 10. In this embodiment the upper end of theneck portion 40 remains inside thebase plate 10. The securing meanscomprise retainer 50 arranged to theupper end 42 or vicinity thereof of theneck potion 40 of thedowel 30 and aretainer cavity 52 formed inside thebase plate 10. A retainer cavity needs additional work which is possible to avoid with embodiment according toFigure 4 . Theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 is arranged to extend from thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 to theretainer cavity 52 in thehole 20 for securing thedowel 30 between theretainer cavity 52 and thelower surface 14 of thebase plate 10 by means of the taperingneck portion 43 and theretainer 50. Also in this embodiment the invention thedowel 10 is supported to thebase plate 10 at least by the taperedneck portion 43 during use. - In the present invention a
tapered hole portion 26 in ahole 20 ofbase plate 10 of arock shoe 1 and atapered neck portion 43 in aneck portion 40 ofdowel 30 of arock shoe 1 are used for arranging and supporting thedowel 30 to thebase plate 10 such that theneck portion 40 of thedowel 30 is installed into thehole 20 of thebase plate 10. - It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
- A rock shoe (1) for a longitudinal pile (2) to be installed into ground, the rock shoe (1) comprising:- a dowel (30) comprising neck portion (40) and a drive portion (32); and- a base plate (10) to be mounted to an end (3) of the pile (2), the base plate (10) comprising a lower surface (14) provided with a hole (20) extending into the base plate (10),the hole (20) provided to the base plate (10) is arranged to receive the neck portion (40) of the dowel (30) for securing the dowel (30) to the base plate (10) such that the drive portion (32) of the dowel (30) protrudes from the lower surface (14) of the base plate (10),
wherein the hole (20) of the base plate (10) comprises a tapered hole portion (26) extending and tapering from the lower surface (14) of the base plate (10) into the base plate (10), and wherein the neck portion (40) of the dowel (30) comprises a tapered neck portion (43) extending and tapering from drive portion (32) and corresponding to the tapered hole portion (26), characterized in that the rock shoe (1) further comprises a securing means, said securing means comprising a retainer (50), arranged to an upper end (42) or vicinity thereof of the neck portion (40) of the dowel (30). - A rock shoe (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth (D) of the tapered hole portion (26) into the base plate (10) is:- 20 to 100 % of the thickness (A) of the base plate (10); or- preferably at least 30 % of the thickness (A) of the base plate (10).
- A rock shoe (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first tapering angle (α) of the tapered hole portion (26) of the base plate (10) and a second tapering angle (β) of the tapered neck portion (43) of the dowel (30) is:- between 10 to 45 degrees; or- preferably at least 15 degrees and not more than 35 degrees.
- A rock shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hole (20) of the base plate (10) comprises a straight hole portion (22) having a uniform cross section and extending from the tapered hole portion (26) into the base plate (10), and that the neck portion (40) of the dowel (30) comprises a straight neck portion (41) having uniform cross section and extending from the tapered neck portion (43) away from the drive portion (32).
- A rock shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the neck portion (40) is arranged to extend in the hole (20) through the base plate (10) from the lower surface (14) above the upper surface (12).
- A rock shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the securing means (50, 52) is arranged above the upper surface (12) for loosely securing the dowel (30) to the base plate (10).
- A rock shoe according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the securing means further comprises a retainer cavity (52) formed inside the base plate (10).
- A rock shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drive portion (32) of the dowel (30) comprises shoulder (34) arranged to be supported against the lower surface (14) of the base plate (10) when the dowel (30) is pressed against the base plate (10) during use.
- A steel pile (2) to be installed into ground, the pile (2) comprising a first end (3) and a second end, the first end (3) of the pile (2) being provided with a rock shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for penetration into the ground.
- A pile (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that the pile (2) is tubular pile having an inner surface (6) and an outer surface (4), or that the pile (2) is a tubular driven pile having an inner surface (6) and an outer surface (4).
- A pile (2) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the base plate (10) is mounted to the first end (3) of the pile (2) with a friction joint such that the base plate (10) is supported against an end surface (8) of the first end (3) of the pile (2).
- A pile (2) according to any one of claims 9 to 11,characterized in that the neck portion (40) of the dowel (30) extends in the hole (20) through the base plate (10) from the lower surface (14) to the upper surface (12), and that the dowel (30) is loosely secured to the base plate (10) with securing means (50, 52).
- Use of a tapered hole portion (26) in a hole (20) of base plate (10) of a rock shoe (1) and a tapered neck portion (43) in a neck portion (40) of dowel (30) of a rock shoe (1) according to any of claims 1 to 8 for arranging and supporting the dowel (30) to the base plate (10) such that the neck portion (40) of the dowel (30) is installed into the hole (20) of the base plate (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20145108A FI20145108L (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2014-01-31 | Rock tip and pole |
PCT/FI2015/050062 WO2015114219A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-30 | Pile shoe and pile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3102740A1 EP3102740A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
EP3102740B1 true EP3102740B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
Family
ID=52464412
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15703621.1A Active EP3102740B1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-30 | Pile shoe and pile |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3102740B1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI20145108L (en) |
NO (1) | NO3102740T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015114219A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109868814B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2024-02-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Degradable self-elevating drilling platform pile shoe and drilling platform |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE428382A (en) * |
-
2014
- 2014-01-31 FI FI20145108A patent/FI20145108L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2015
- 2015-01-30 NO NO15703621A patent/NO3102740T3/no unknown
- 2015-01-30 EP EP15703621.1A patent/EP3102740B1/en active Active
- 2015-01-30 WO PCT/FI2015/050062 patent/WO2015114219A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI20145108L (en) | 2015-08-01 |
WO2015114219A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
EP3102740A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
NO3102740T3 (en) | 2018-08-18 |
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