EP3100325B1 - Éclateur à gaz - Google Patents

Éclateur à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3100325B1
EP3100325B1 EP15700904.4A EP15700904A EP3100325B1 EP 3100325 B1 EP3100325 B1 EP 3100325B1 EP 15700904 A EP15700904 A EP 15700904A EP 3100325 B1 EP3100325 B1 EP 3100325B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
electrodes
spark gap
insulating envelope
flanges
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15700904.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3100325A1 (fr
Inventor
François Guichard
Yves GANNAC
Vincent LAPAUW
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CITEL SAS
Original Assignee
CITEL SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CITEL SAS filed Critical CITEL SAS
Priority to SI201530132T priority Critical patent/SI3100325T1/en
Publication of EP3100325A1 publication Critical patent/EP3100325A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3100325B1 publication Critical patent/EP3100325B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of gas dischargers for the protection against overvoltages of all types of electrical circuits, such as circuits for the transmission of very high power energy, or as protective equipment for photovoltaic installations. or at high voltages.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to the field of rare gas spark gaps used to provide circuit protection against overvoltages caused inter alia by lightning.
  • Any electrical network or data transmission may be subject to transient overvoltages in many cases. These transient overvoltages may have various causes, such as for example lightning, the fall of electrical network wires having different voltages or industrial disturbances, etc. These networks are not designed to support these transient overvoltages. It is therefore necessary to protect them by installing a suitable protection device upstream of the network.
  • Such protection devices of the electrical network normally consist of rare gas spark gaps.
  • a gas spark gap is an electrical component which, in normal operation of the electrical network, that is to say in the absence of overvoltage, normally has a very high insulation resistance, which can be considered almost infinite.
  • trigger voltage of the spark gap When subjected to a transient overvoltage, the value of which exceeds a certain threshold called trigger voltage of the spark gap, the spark gap starts suddenly and becomes conductive with a very low impedance.
  • the gas spark gap is then comparable to a short circuit thus allowing to divert to the earth a strong discharge current corresponding to the transient overvoltage. It is thus possible to protect the electrical circuits located downstream of the spark gap against transient overvoltages, the current corresponding to the transient overvoltage being discharged by the spark gap to the ground.
  • such a gas spark gap has the following characteristics.
  • a peripheral portion of the end surface of each of the electrodes has an angle with an inner face of the insulating envelope, said angle being inclined towards one of the electrodes so as to deflect projections. of material towards said electrode.
  • the cups are made of a material having a coefficient of expansion extremely close to the coefficient of expansion of the insulating material of the outer envelope.
  • the difference in coefficient of expansion between the material of the cups and the material of the insulating envelope is for example less than 2 * 10 -6 per Kelvin (K -1 ) and preferably less than or equal to 1 * 10 -6 K - 1 .
  • the end surfaces of a first electrode has a recess and the end surface of the second electrode has a projection.
  • the end surfaces of the electrodes comprise surfaces of complementary shapes.
  • the gas trapped in the insulating envelope may be chosen from rare gases or non-chemically active gases.
  • the gas trapped in the insulating envelope is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, neon, hydrogen, helium, rare gases, and mixtures of these gases.
  • the electrodes can be made of many metals.
  • the electrodes may be made of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper of tungsten, iron, their alloys, or others according to the technical requirements.
  • a part of the outer bars projecting outside the insulating envelope beyond the cups is threaded.
  • a non-threaded portion of the external bars projecting outside the insulating envelope beyond the cups has a locking block in rotation.
  • the open ends of the insulating envelope comprise for example a layer of moly-manganese, also known as molybdenum-manganese, covered with a layer of nickel, the seal between the cups and the insulating jacket being made by brazing.
  • moly-manganese also known as molybdenum-manganese
  • the cups are made of an alloy of iron and nickel.
  • the seal between the cups and the electrodes is made by Ag-Cu solder.
  • the through-orifice of a cup has an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the outer bar which provides a clearance of expansion to allow thermal expansion of the outer bar higher than the expansion. thermal of the cup.
  • Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of ensuring better dissipation of heat in the gas discharge device during an overvoltage.
  • One aspect of the invention is based on the idea of dissipating the heat produced during a very high intensity pulse by using an electrode which extends in a monobloc manner to the outside of the envelope through the sealing cup which avoids the thermal barriers associated with the interfaces between several metal parts.
  • Another aspect of the invention is to locate the accumulation of projections of the metal atoms, caused by the very strong electric currents passing through the spark gap. This location on one half of the spark gap allows the other half of the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical outer envelope to be spared by these projections. An important result of this location is to keep intact the insulating characteristics between the two connection bars of the spark gap.
  • Another aspect of the invention is to avoid the degradation of the insulating envelope.
  • An idea of the invention is to limit the reciprocal efforts in contraction / expansion between the cups and the insulating envelope.
  • an electrical line to be protected 1 is connected by a protection device 4 to another electrical line 3, for example a ground connection.
  • the electrical line 1 belongs, for example, to a very high power energy transmission network intended for the use of photovoltaic devices, a high voltage network, a telecommunication network, a medium voltage network or a low voltage network.
  • the power line 1 carries an AC or DC voltage.
  • a protective device 4 takes for example the form of a gas spark gap 4.
  • the gas spark gap 4 is thus connected on the one hand to an electric line 1 and, on the other hand, connected to a ground line or other discharge line, for example any other power line of the network.
  • the gas discharge 4 In the absence of transient overvoltage, the gas discharge 4 has a very high insulation resistance, considered almost infinite. When it is subjected to transient overvoltages, the value of which exceeds a certain threshold (ignition voltage of the spark gap 4), the spark gap 4 starts suddenly and becomes conductive with a very low resistance, similar to a short circuit drifting at the ground line 3 a strong discharge current.
  • the starting voltage chosen is, of course, a little greater than the normal operating voltage of the power line 1 to be protected.
  • Such a gas spark gap according to the invention has, for example, an impact current withstand of 100 kA, 10/350 ⁇ s. The activation of the gas spark gap 4 makes it possible to divert the shock wave towards the ground line 3 from the line 1 without causing damage to the protected electrical network.
  • the Figure 2A represents a perspective view of a gas spark gap 4 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the gas spark gap 4 is mainly in the form of a cylinder 6 of insulating material, usually ceramic.
  • connection pad 8 Two opposite ends of the gas spark gap 4 have a connection pad 8 in order to connect the spark gap 4 respectively to the electric line 1 and the discharge line 3.
  • the connection between the pads 8 respectively the power line 1 and the earth 3 is made in any suitable manner, for example by means of a wiring comprising metal lugs (not shown) held on the gas discharge 4 with nuts (not shown).
  • the pads 8 comprise blocking flats in order to hold the pad 8 with a wrench when screwing the nut.
  • the Figure 2B represents a sectional view of the spark gap of the Figure 2A .
  • the ceramic cylinder 6 is hollow and forms an internal housing 11 for two electrodes 12.
  • Each electrode 12 has a main body 14 housed in a respective portion of the inner housing 11 of the ceramic cylinder 6 substantially representing half of the inner housing 11.
  • the main body 14 of the electrodes 12 is cylindrical.
  • the ceramic cylinder 6 and the main body 14 of the electrodes 12 are coaxial.
  • a first end 16 of the electrodes 12 forms the connection pads 8 protruding in opposite directions out of the ceramic cylinder 6.
  • the pads 8 are generally cylindrical in shape and coaxial with the main body 14.
  • the pads 8 comprise a portion opposite the main body 14 provided with a thread intended to to cooperate with the nuts and a contiguous portion of the main body 14 having the aforementioned locking flats.
  • the pads 8 are formed in one piece with the main body 14 of the electrodes 12.
  • the use of electrodes 12 monobloc avoids the thermal barriers associated with the interfaces between several metal parts. The heat produced during a high intensity pulse is thus quickly and easily dissipated.
  • the main bodies 14 of the electrodes 12 are separated by an internal space 23 called gap 23.
  • the distance separating the main bodies 14 of the electrodes 12 makes it possible to define the starting voltage at which the gas spark gap 4 is activated, that is from what current intensity the gas spark gap 4 diverts said current directly to the ground line 3. Beyond a certain voltage value at the electrode 12, ignition occurs and a current is established between the electrodes 12 forming an electric arc, symbolically represented at 24, deviating said current from the electric line 1 protected by the gas spark gap 4.
  • an inert gas is trapped in the ceramic cylinder 6, including the gap 23.
  • Such an inert gas is for example argon, neon, nitrogen, water hydrogen, helium, a mixture of these gases or other for stopping or limiting the time of keeping the electric arc 24 between the electrodes 12.
  • This inert gas is stored in the gas gap 4 in depression, for example of the order of 0.5 bar. This depression affects the starting voltage of the spark gap.
  • the gas can be trapped in the gas spark gap at different pressures, depending on the desired starting voltage for the gas spark gap.
  • the inner housing 11 is sealed.
  • the internal housing 11 is sealed by two cups 25 sealingly mounted on the open ends of the ceramic cylinder 6.
  • the cups 25 advantageously have a contour shape identical to the base of the ceramic cylinder 6. Each cup 25 develops in a plane parallel to the base of the ceramic cylinder 6. The cup 25 has a through orifice 29 of dimensions greater than the dimensions of the stud 8.
  • any suitable means may be used to seal between the cups 25 and the ceramic cylinder 6.
  • a layer of molybdenum-manganese may be used to cover a wafer 30 of the ends of the ceramic cylinder 6, this molybdenum layer -manganese is itself covered with a layer of nickel.
  • the sealing between the cups 25 and the ceramic cylinder 6 is for example made by brazing between the metal cups and the nickel layer.
  • the seal between the electrodes 12 and the cups 25 can be achieved by any known means such as by brazing, laser welding, heat-resistant bonding or any other suitable method.
  • the inner surface 31 of the ceramic cylinder 6 comprises a plurality of graphite lines 32. These graphite lines 32 are distributed in a regular manner around the main bodies 14 of the electrodes 12 parallel to the axis 22 of the ceramic cylinder 6. The graphite lines 32 do not extend over the entire length of the ceramic cylinder 6, along the axis 22 of the ceramic cylinder 6. For example, in the context a gas gap 4 50 mm long and 31.5 mm in diameter, for a ceramic cylinder 6 28 mm in length, the ends 33 of the graphite lines 32 are spaced about 1.6 mm from the slices The ends of the ceramic cylinder 6.
  • the electrodes 12 are usually made of copper, an alloy of copper and tungsten or any other suitable metal or alloy.
  • the material used for the cups 25 advantageously has the same coefficient of expansion, or a coefficient of expansion very close to the expansion coefficient of a ceramic cylinder 6.
  • the cups are for example made of an alloy of iron and nickel.
  • the cups 25 and the ceramic cylinder 6 expand and contract in a similar manner so that the forces they exert on one another contraction / expansion are not likely to deteriorate the ceramic cylinder 6.
  • the solders between the cups 25 and the electrodes 12 have little risk of breakage, the cups 25 and the electrodes 12 being made of metal. It is however necessary to provide a passage 29 of the cups 25 having a diameter sufficiently large to contain the pads 8 of the electrodes 12 both in their contracted state, ie at room temperature, and in their expanded state, ie at the temperature of the realization of the solder.
  • the seal between the cups 25 and the electrodes 12 may be made at any point of contact between the cups 25 and the electrodes 12 between the inner face 34 of the cups 25 and the outer face 35 of the main bodies 14 of the electrodes 12.
  • the ceramic cylinder is made of alumina having a coefficient of expansion between 8 * 10 -6 K -1 and 9 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1
  • the cups are made of alloy of iron and nickel having a coefficient of expansion of 9 * 10 -6 K -1
  • the electrodes are made of copper having a coefficient of expansion greater than 17 * 10 -6 K -1 .
  • the orifice 29 of the cups has, at ambient temperature, a diameter for example of the order of 12 mm and the pads 8 of the electrodes 12 have for example an outer diameter of the order of 10.8 mm, thus avoiding the excessive force generation between the cups 25 and the electrodes 12 during firing to achieve the solders.
  • the figure 3 represents an alternative embodiment in which the electrodes 12 delimit the gap 23 in a specific form. More particularly, the inner face 36 of a first electrode 12 and the inner face 26 of a second electrode 12 have a frustoconical shape inclined towards the second electrode 12.
  • peripheral zones 15 of the inner faces 36 and 26 of the electrodes 12 develop in parallel and at an angle 9 inclined relative to the inner face 31 of the ceramic cylinder 6.
  • This angle 9 makes it possible to orient the projections of ions of 4.
  • This orientation of the projections limits the zones affected by the projections of metal ions on the internal face 31 of the ceramic cylinder 6 to an impact zone situated in contact with the metal. with respect to a single electrode, limiting the locations of the ceramic cylinder 6 whose electrical insulation property is degraded.
  • the ceramic cylinder 6 retains its integrity and insulating capabilities through the orientation of the peripheral ends 15 which has the effect of directing the metal projections to only one of the two electrodes.
  • a gas spark gap as described above may be used in any type of electrical circuit.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP15700904.4A 2014-01-27 2015-01-26 Éclateur à gaz Active EP3100325B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201530132T SI3100325T1 (en) 2014-01-27 2015-01-26 Gas filled spark

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1450644A FR3017004B1 (fr) 2014-01-27 2014-01-27 Eclateur a gaz
PCT/EP2015/051516 WO2015110641A1 (fr) 2014-01-27 2015-01-26 Eclateur a gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3100325A1 EP3100325A1 (fr) 2016-12-07
EP3100325B1 true EP3100325B1 (fr) 2017-08-30

Family

ID=50639724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15700904.4A Active EP3100325B1 (fr) 2014-01-27 2015-01-26 Éclateur à gaz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3100325B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN105981242B (zh)
FR (1) FR3017004B1 (zh)
SI (1) SI3100325T1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015110641A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3143893A1 (fr) 2022-12-16 2024-06-21 Citel Eclateur à gaz à forte capacité d’extinction du courant de suite

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3515947A (en) * 1968-02-29 1970-06-02 Gen Electric Inclined arc chamber for a spark gap
BE789890A (fr) * 1971-10-12 1973-02-01 Western Electric Co Appareil de protection contre les surtensions, a tube a decharge, et son procede de realisation
GB1389142A (en) * 1973-05-31 1975-04-03 Comtelco Uk Ltd Electrical surge arrestor
JPS61281489A (ja) * 1985-06-06 1986-12-11 株式会社サンコ−シャ 避雷器
JP4208972B2 (ja) * 1994-08-17 2009-01-14 株式会社昭電 避雷器
DE102009006545B4 (de) * 2009-01-29 2017-08-17 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter und Anordnung von mehreren Überspannungsableitern zu einem Array

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105981242A (zh) 2016-09-28
FR3017004A1 (fr) 2015-07-31
SI3100325T1 (en) 2018-03-30
EP3100325A1 (fr) 2016-12-07
FR3017004B1 (fr) 2017-10-06
WO2015110641A1 (fr) 2015-07-30
CN105981242B (zh) 2018-01-16

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