EP3096585B1 - Heizeinrichtung zum erhitzen von fluiden und verfahren zum betrieb einer solchen heizeinrichtung - Google Patents

Heizeinrichtung zum erhitzen von fluiden und verfahren zum betrieb einer solchen heizeinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3096585B1
EP3096585B1 EP15168028.7A EP15168028A EP3096585B1 EP 3096585 B1 EP3096585 B1 EP 3096585B1 EP 15168028 A EP15168028 A EP 15168028A EP 3096585 B1 EP3096585 B1 EP 3096585B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
sensor
sensor electrode
electrode sections
heating device
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15168028.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3096585A1 (de
Inventor
Henry Fluhrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH filed Critical EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Priority to ES15168028.7T priority Critical patent/ES2659414T3/es
Priority to PL15168028T priority patent/PL3096585T3/pl
Priority to EP15168028.7A priority patent/EP3096585B1/de
Priority to RU2016118749A priority patent/RU2717955C2/ru
Priority to US15/157,074 priority patent/US20160341419A1/en
Priority to CN201610480414.8A priority patent/CN106196560B/zh
Publication of EP3096585A1 publication Critical patent/EP3096585A1/de
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Publication of EP3096585B1 publication Critical patent/EP3096585B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0018—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0297—Heating of fluids for non specified applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0202—Switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0258—For cooking
    • H05B1/0269—For heating of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/03—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device for heating fluids, in particular liquids, and a method for operating such a heating device.
  • a cooking appliance with steam generation by means of a heating device which has a steam generating container in the form of a vertical tube. Outside of the steam generating container, a flat heating element is arranged. A water supply to the steam generator tank is from below, while the generated steam can escape upwards and is used in the cooking appliance for steam cooking.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an aforementioned heating device and a method for their operation, with which problems of the prior art can be solved and it is in particular possible, a temperature or an excess temperature at a heating circuit of the heater or at the to capture the entire heater safely.
  • the heating means for heating fluids has the following features. It has a flat carrier with a surface, wherein the carrier may be either substantially or completely flat as a kind of plate. Alternatively, the support may be bent and particularly advantageously a closed tube or a tubular container in which the fluid to be heated is located. On the surface of the carrier, advantageously on an outer side, which does not come into contact with the fluid to be heated, heating elements are arranged distributed over a surface. They advantageously cover a large part of the carrier or its surface, preferably at least 50% or even at least 70%. The heating elements are divided into one or more separately operable heating circuits.
  • Each heating circuit has at least one heating element, in which case a heating element is thus to be understood as a section of a heating circuit.
  • each heating circuit has a plurality of individual heating elements which are connected together in parallel, series or mixed or can be interconnected.
  • a temperature sensor device is provided with a sensor layer, which is advantageously electrically insulating.
  • the sensor layer is applied with a surface which covers at least the surface of the heating elements, particularly advantageously completely covered. It can be provided that the sensor layer is formed over the entire surface and closed. It is preferably applied above the heating elements, and if it is preferably applied directly to the heating elements, it should be electrically insulating.
  • This sensor layer has the abovementioned temperature-dependent properties with respect to its electrical resistance, that is to say it is a type of sensor element.
  • Particularly advantageous is formed as in the aforementioned prior art of WO 2007/136268 A1 and the DE 102013200277 A1 described with a large drop in resistance at temperatures of 200 ° C to 300 ° C, for example from about 250 ° C. These temperatures are considered critical for such heaters. If exceeded, the heater may otherwise be damaged or destroyed.
  • At least two sensor electrodes are applied to the sensor layer, advantageously in an electrode layer, specifically directly on the sensor layer. These two sensor electrodes are electrically separated from each other and, unlike the sensor layer, are not simply large in area formed, but have finger-like or winding-like and elongated sensor electrode sections. These sensor electrode sections extend at a distance of less than 2 cm from one another, advantageously less than 1 cm or even less than 0.5 cm, for example only 1 mm to 3 mm. In sections, the sensor electrode sections should have the same width or constant width. The width of two juxtaposed sensor electrode sections, ie of one of the two sensor electrodes, is advantageously less than 2 cm. Particularly advantageously, it is less than 1 cm and more than 1 mm.
  • control device for evaluating the temperature sensor device.
  • This control device can be provided only for the temperature sensor device. Alternatively, it may be provided in a controller for the other heater or the entire electric appliance in which the heater is installed. Then, a good interaction with the operation of the heater is possible due to information or data from the temperature sensor device. However, it may also be provided a separate control device only for the temperature sensor device or only for the heater.
  • juxtaposed sensor electrode sections of the two sensor electrodes are parallel to each other.
  • they also have the same or constant width, a sensor electrode section should therefore have the same and constant width.
  • Particularly advantageous alternate sensor electrode sections of the two sensor electrodes so are arranged alternately side by side.
  • the temperature sensor device it is possible to divide the temperature sensor device into a plurality of, at least two, and preferably three, detection regions.
  • the division should be such that each detection area corresponds to a heating circuit or is assigned to a heating circuit. This is advantageous in that a detection area is congruent with a heating circuit. Thus each area of each heating circuit is individually monitored for overtemperature.
  • the sensor electrode sections may extend in the manner of elongated tracks on the carrier, so to speak bifilar.
  • the sensor electrode sections of the two sensor electrodes again run parallel to one another and next to one another or alternately.
  • its course corresponds to a so-called meander shape in a flat carrier.
  • the sensor electrode sections with a bifilar course can also correspond to fully rotating turns with a spiral course.
  • the sensor electrode sections can be formed so that they mesh in a comb-like manner or in a comb-like manner, in areas that overlap with the heating circuits, as described above.
  • the sensor electrode sections of the two sensor electrodes should be arranged alternately.
  • the sensor electrode sections may advantageously be designed in the manner of fingers. They may protrude from continuous and substantially obliquely or at right angles thereto base portions of the sensor electrodes. On the surfaces of the heating circuits can relate the continuous base portions extend at opposite end portions of a surface monitored by the sensor electrodes and the sensor electrode portions extend toward these base portions.
  • the sensor electrode sections of one sensor electrode can reach from its base section to shortly before the base section of the other sensor electrode, particularly advantageously at a distance of 1 mm to 10 mm. This distance can also be the same distance as between two adjacent sensor electrode sections, particularly preferably it is the same.
  • the width of the sensor electrode sections of a respective sensor electrode remains the same in the region of a heating circuit. This preferably applies to exactly one heating circuit. If, in fact, all the sensor electrode sections of both sensor electrodes are of equal width, the total presence of an excess temperature can be recognized with twice the reliability of error, but localization is not possible. However, if the sensor electrode sections of the two sensor electrodes have different widths in an area over at least one heating circuit, preferably with a difference of between 10% and 500%, then even with only two sensor electrodes an overtemperature occurring can occur at least one heating circuit or one area above a heating circuit of each be assigned to several. This can be done by measuring the leakage currents or fault currents at both sensor electrodes and setting them in relation to one another.
  • the widths of the sensor electrode sections of the sensor electrodes differ significantly, for example, the width of only one 50% of the width of the other, then due to the higher surface coverage of the sensor layer at the sensor electrode with the wider sensor electrode sections and the much larger leakage current can be detected. If the widths of the sensor electrode sections are below the aforementioned 1 cm, then it is to be assumed that an area of excess temperature covers at least two adjacent sensor electrode sections and generates a fault current dependent thereon on the overlap area. If, then, the fault current is significantly greater at one sensor electrode than at the other, the overtemperature will be present in the region of the heating device in which this sensor electrode has the wider sensor electrode sections.
  • the widths of the sensor electrode sections should differ by at least 50%, particularly advantageously by at least 100%. Then a safe distinction is possible, even if the area with the excess temperature is not equal to the two sensor electrodes or their sections is distributed.
  • the heating device may have three heating circuits.
  • the sensor electrode sections of both sensor electrodes can have the same width.
  • the sensor electrode sections of the two sensor electrodes may each have different, advantageously significantly different, widths.
  • a subdivision into even more than three areas or heating circuits is possible. At the same time, however, the good and certainty of distinctness as regards the location of the overtemperature is decreasing.
  • each sensor electrode has at least two sensor electrode sections, preferably at least three. Then, the widths of the respective sensor electrode sections are not so large, and it is ensured that an excess temperature at least two, advantageously at least three, sensor electrode sections by the increase of the fault currents.
  • the support flat, for example as a kind of plate, and to connect to a container or channel, in particular to thermally connect it, in which a fluid to be heated, in particular a liquid, flows or flows through.
  • a fluid to be heated in particular a liquid
  • examples of this are in a boiler and in a kettle as a floor.
  • the carrier of the heating device is particularly advantageously designed as a tube and thus a container for liquid to be heated by this, so to speak permanent. It is evaporated by heating, for example for use in a steamer.
  • the heat can generally be removed very well from the heating elements of the heating circuits. Only when problems arise here or, for example, when heating water occur calcifications that worsen the decrease of heat, the aforementioned excess temperatures can occur. This is just to recognize and then to avoid the operation with such an excess temperature, otherwise a permanent damage to the heater may occur.
  • the heating circuits are advantageously separated along the longitudinal axis of the tube educated.
  • the sensor electrode sections should largely revolve around the carrier, advantageously in the manner of a sleeve, so that the largest possible area of the carrier is covered with the heating circuits or their heating elements for the best possible and uniform power input.
  • the sensor electrode sections extend to a large extent, in particular all sensor electrode sections, at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
  • the sensor electrode sections possibly also the heating elements of the heating circuits should run parallel to a water surface.
  • An overtemperature can generally be detected when a fault current at a sensor electrode increases by at least 10% to 50% or is more than 10 mA to 50 mA. Should it rise only at one sensor electrode, then there is very likely to be a fault with the other sensor electrode. This should be signaled to a user and then after a certain time, if the user does not intervene, for example, after one minute to five minutes, the heating power can be reduced or even completely shut off.
  • two protective circuits each having two resistors it is possible for two protective circuits each having two resistors to be arranged in an electrical input circuit of an evaluation for the temperature sensor device. As a result, the evaluation or a corresponding control device can be protected.
  • a high-frequency signal can be fed into one of the two sensor electrodes. This is advantageously done via a capacitive decoupling means of a capacitor or the like. The signal is then read back via the other of the two sensor electrodes by means of a control device and should correspond to the fed signal when the temperature sensor device is functioning. If a deviation of the signal shape and / or the signal level is detected by, for example, at least 5%, this is regarded as an error. Then, a signal can be output to a user and the operation of the heater can be changed, in particular, a power reduction is made, or an entire heating circuit or even the entire heater is turned off.
  • an upright heater 11 comprising a round cylindrical tubular container 12 made of metal.
  • strip-like heating elements 15 are provided which, as shown, run along approximately 75% to 90% of the outer circumference of the container 12.
  • Middle heating elements 15b form a middle heating circuit 16b
  • lower heating elements 15c form a lower heating circuit 16c.
  • the middle heating elements 15b of the middle heating circuit 16b and the lower heating elements 15c of the lower heating circuit 16c and the heating circuits 16b and 16c are formed identical to each other.
  • the upper heating circuit 16a is different in that than that here the uppermost heating element 15a 'at a distance of about 60% of a width of the normal heating elements 15a extends over it, so having increased distance.
  • the heating circuits 16a to 16c are electrically contacted via contact fields 18, specifically the upper heating circuit 16a via the contact fields 18a and 18a '.
  • the middle heating circuit 16b has the contact fields 18b and 18b ', and the lower heating circuit 16c the contact fields 18c and 18c'.
  • additional contacts 20a 'and 20a to 20c are provided, specifically for the middle heating circuit 16b and the lower heating circuit 16c, in each case one additional contact 20b or 20c.
  • the upper heating circuit 16a has an auxiliary contact 20a with an arrangement similar to the middle heating circuit 16b. At the top heating element 15a 'is still another additional contact 20a' is provided.
  • SMD temperature sensors 21a to 21c which form the discrete temperature sensors described above, are provided on the heating circuits 16a to 16c.
  • two temperature sensor contact pads 22a and 22a ', 22b and 22b' and 22c and 22c ' are provided. They are completely separated electrically from the heating circuits 16a to 16c. While these discrete temperature sensors are well suited for determining the temperature of the water in the heater 11, they are not suitable for locating a region of overtemperature. In addition, their surveillance area is far too small.
  • a strip region 27 is provided along its longitudinal axis, in which a weld 28 extends, since the tubular container 12 is formed from a sheet and the adjacent edges are welded together.
  • a so-called outer side contact 30 is mounted, for example, for grounding.
  • the sensor layer forms, as it were, a planar, temperature-dependent electrical resistance which has a very high electrical resistance at temperatures up to about 80 ° C., this temperature being adjustable, and thus no current flows via the insulating layer. If the temperature continues to increase even in a small range and reaches, for example, 100 ° C., the electrical resistance decreases.
  • the resistance have decreased so far in this small area that, although still the electrical insulation properties are given sufficient to operate the heating circuits 16a to 16c easily. However, it is already possible to reliably detect a leakage current or fault current which can flow in the range of these temperatures.
  • the uppermost SMD temperature sensor 21a still detects a temperature of at most 100 ° C., then a significantly higher temperature, determined by the sensor electrodes together with the sensor layer 25, than overtemperature due to excessive calcification on the inside of the container 12 , Depending on the size of the area or on the amount of excess temperature, the corresponding heating circuit 16 can continue to be operated or switched off. In any case, an initially described signaling to an operator to make attentive that the heater 11 and the evaporator must be descaled.
  • the highly schematic representation of the heater 11 in the Fig. 2 should be, so to speak, a plan view of the carrier in the unwound state or if the support tube of the container 12 would be cut, so it lies flat.
  • the three heating circuits 16a to 16c wherein the subdivision into the individual heating elements is not shown here, because it plays no role for this aspect of the invention.
  • the contacting of the control of the heating circuits 16a to 16c is not shown here. Only for the heating circuit 16c whose contact fields 18c and 18c 'are shown schematically. From this Fig. 2 It can be clearly seen that the three heating circuits 16a to 16c occupy separate areas.
  • the temperature sensor device 30 is applied, and first the entire surface of the aforementioned sensor layer 32 directly to the heating circuits 16.
  • This sensor layer 32 has at least the surfaces of the three heating circuits 16a to 16c, it is advantageous a full-surface or continuous sensor layer. It may, for example, slightly overlap the surfaces of the heating circuits 16a to 16c and extend to or just before the edge of the container 12 as a carrier.
  • the sensor layer is applied directly to the heating circuits 16 a to 16 c and consists of an aforementioned electrically insulating material, advantageously a known from the prior art glass material.
  • the areas of such overtemperatures have a diameter between 0.5cm and 1.5cm to a maximum of 2cm when the container 12 is about 20cm to 30cm long and has a diameter of about 6cm to 10cm.
  • Very small local excess temperatures occur more rarely, since here the thermal cross-conduction of the container 12 ensures sufficient heat distribution.
  • Significantly larger areas with excess temperature also occur very rarely, because then in their central area already much earlier an overtemperature would have occurred, which should be detected and prevented.
  • sensor electrodes 34a and 34b are applied to the sensor layer 32, specifically in an electrode layer.
  • the sensor electrodes 34a and 34b are separated from each other at a distance of 1 mm to 3 mm or a maximum of 5 mm.
  • the sensor electrodes 34a and 34b have the same configuration, and the sensor electrode sections 37ac, 37ab and 37aa and 37bc, 37bb and 37ba come off each other from a base-side base section 36a and 36b. Their width is about 5mm to 1.2cm. A comb-like structure of the interdigitated sensor electrode sections 37 is created.
  • these sensor electrode sections 37 cover the surfaces of the heating circuits 16a to 16c in a fairly accurate manner, and no overtemperatures can occur in the gaps or next to the heating circuits anyway. Shown here are each three sensor electrode sections 37 of the two sensor electrodes 34a and 34b of the temperature sensor device 30 per heating circuit 16. But it could also be more sensor electrode sections 37. It should not be less than two. It can also be seen that all Sensor electrode sections 37 have the same width and the same distance from each other.
  • Sensor leads 39a and 39b of the sensor electrodes 34a and 34b lead to protection circuits 41a and 41b, respectively.
  • Each of these protection circuits 41a and 41b has two resistors R1a and R2a and R1b and R2b connected in series. Behind each are connected a diode Da and Db and a Zener diode ZDa and ZDb.
  • the protection circuits 41a and 41b are connected to a possibly remote control device 43 for evaluation of the temperature sensor device 30.
  • the control device is separate and is combined or integrated, for example, with a control for an entire electrical appliance in which the heating device is installed.
  • the control device 43 has series resistors and precondensers upstream of a microcontroller 44. Downstream of the microcontroller 44 is a further circuit, which leads to outputs L, SL, SN and N.
  • an overtemperature region 46 is located in the heating circuit 16a. Its center lies above the central sensor electrode section 37ba, but also simultaneously overlaps the central sensor electrode section 37aa and also the one to the left thereof. Thus, a fault current ib and ia can be registered at both sensor electrodes 34a and 34b. These fault currents ia and ib flow depending on the change in resistance of the sensor layer 32 in the overtemperature region 46. However, not only does the areal coverage of the over-temperature region 46 over the sensor electrode sections 37 count here, but also the respective existing temperature. If a detected fault current exceeds a fault current threshold that has been set, this is detected as an overtemperature and triggers an error.
  • a signal can be output, possibly also a prescribed reduction of the heating power or even a shutdown can be made.
  • a fault current should not exceed 0.7mA.
  • a fault current threshold may be selected to be, for example, 0.2mA to 0.5mA.
  • the temperature sensor device 30 thus only works with one of them Temperature sensors.
  • the two protective resistors in the protective circuits 41 serve to avoid damage or electrical destruction of the control device 43 in the event of a fault.
  • the Zener diodes ZD limit the sensor voltage to low signal level.
  • the configuration of sensor electrodes 134a and 134b corresponding to the heater 111 in the case of the heating circuit 111 can be configured Fig. 3 to get voted. Both sensor electrodes 134a and 134b correspond to FIG Fig. 2 Sensor leads 139 a and 139 b and base portions 136 a and 136 b on. However, the sensor electrode portions 137 projecting therefrom are formed differently.
  • the three sensor electrode portions 137aa projecting downward from the base portion 136a of the sensor electrode 34a are relatively thin and narrower than in FIG Fig. 2
  • the respective sensor electrode portions 137ba of the other sensor electrode 134b which are upwardly projected from the lower base portion 136b, are wider than those in FIG Fig. 2 in the embodiment shown here they are about twice as wide.
  • the middle heating circuit 116b the respective sensor electrode portions 137ab and 137bb are the same width.
  • the left heating circuit 116c the conditions are reversed as above the right heating circuit 116a.
  • the top-to-bottom sensing electrode portions 137ac are significantly wider and, in particular, twice as wide as the bottom-up sensor electrode portions 137bc.
  • the sizes of the fault currents ia and ib can be compared with one another and the conclusion drawn in the area of which heating circuit 116 there is an excess temperature region 146. Namely, an over-temperature region 146 is again corresponding to the Fig. 2 has occurred over the right heating circuit 116a, so due to the greater width of the sensor electrode sections of the sensor electrode 134b whose affected by the overtemperature or covered area is much larger. Thus, the fault current ib will be significantly greater than the fault current ia, for example, about twice as large.
  • the fault current ia is significantly greater than the fault current ib, an over-temperature range will probably be above the left-hand heating circuit 116c. If the two fault currents are approximately the same, then an excess temperature range will probably be above the middle heating circuit 116b.
  • its power can be reduced, for example, by 20% to 50%. Then, in most cases, the temperature in the overtemperature region will still be higher than usual, but no longer in a critical range. Incidentally, this achievement of a critical area could certainly and definitely be recognized. Thus, the heating power of the entire heater need not be reduced or switched off.
  • a correspondingly suitable high-frequency signal from the frequency connection 149 is fed to the microcontroller 144 via a coupling 150 by means of the sensor feed line 139b into the sensor electrode 134b.
  • the coupling 150 has a capacitor for capacitive decoupling.
  • the signal can then be read back via the other sensor electrode by means of the control device 143, via its normal connection. If no signal comes back or a significantly changed, for example, by at least 5% to 25% changed, so there is an error. This corresponds to a conventional short-circuit or cable break test.
  • a further heater 211 is shown, not in the unwound state of the support tube as in the Fig. 2 and 3 , but as a support tube accordingly Fig. 1 per se. While at the Fig. 2 and 3 the sensor electrode sections are designed comb-like or finger-like interlocking, extending sensor electrode sections 237a and 237b of sensor electrodes 234a and 234b continuously side by side, so to speak bifilar.
  • Three heating circuits 216a, 216b and 216c are also applied here to a container 212 or its outer side 213 in separate regions.
  • the sensor electrode sections 237a and 237b run, so to speak, into two double turns via one of the heating circuits 216.
  • the free strip between two heating circuits is directly crossed by the sensor electrode sections, which in practice does not have to be rectangular, as shown here, but can also be oblique.
  • the sensor electrode sections 237a and 237b similar to the Fig. 2 and 3 , Cover substantially the entire surface of the heating circuits 216a to 216c, so can monitor for excess temperatures. This can also be made even better in terms of area.
  • the heater 211 an over-temperature range as in the Fig. 2 and 3 It could also be detected by the sensor electrode sections 237a and 237b.
  • the constant width of the sensor electrode sections 237 which is the same here in each case and which is the same for both sensor electrodes 234a and 234b, corresponds approximately to Fig. 2 Thus, it is not possible to localize an over-temperature range over one of the heating circuits.
  • the widths of the sensor electrode sections 237a and 237b extending thereabove in the region of one of the heating circuits 216a to 216c, respectively, could be determined in accordance with FIG Fig. 3 vary.
  • the sensor electrode sections 237b may be twice as wide as the sensor electrode sections 237a, over the heating circuit 216b they may be the same width, and above the heating circuit 216c, the sensor electrode sections 237a may be twice as wide as the sensor electrode sections 237b. How to Fig. 3 described, by comparing the magnitudes of the fault currents that can be detected at the sensor electrodes 234a and 234b and their sensor leads 239a and 239b, the localization of an over-temperature range again take place.
  • a distance between the sensor electrode sections 237 always be the same and, furthermore, relatively small, for example between 1 mm and 3 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP15168028.7A 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heizeinrichtung zum erhitzen von fluiden und verfahren zum betrieb einer solchen heizeinrichtung Active EP3096585B1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES15168028.7T ES2659414T3 (es) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Dispositivo calentador para el calentamiento de fluidos y método para la puesta en funcionamiento de un dispositivo calentador de este tipo
PL15168028T PL3096585T3 (pl) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Urządzenie grzejne do ogrzewania płynów i sposób eksploatacji takiego urządzenia grzejnego
EP15168028.7A EP3096585B1 (de) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heizeinrichtung zum erhitzen von fluiden und verfahren zum betrieb einer solchen heizeinrichtung
RU2016118749A RU2717955C2 (ru) 2015-05-18 2016-05-16 Нагревательное устройство для нагрева текучих сред и способ управления таким устройством
US15/157,074 US20160341419A1 (en) 2015-05-18 2016-05-17 Heating device for heating fluids, and method for operating a heating device of this kind
CN201610480414.8A CN106196560B (zh) 2015-05-18 2016-05-18 加热流体的加热装置和操作这种加热装置的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP15168028.7A EP3096585B1 (de) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heizeinrichtung zum erhitzen von fluiden und verfahren zum betrieb einer solchen heizeinrichtung

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EP3096585A1 EP3096585A1 (de) 2016-11-23
EP3096585B1 true EP3096585B1 (de) 2017-12-20

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US (1) US20160341419A1 (pl)
EP (1) EP3096585B1 (pl)
CN (1) CN106196560B (pl)
ES (1) ES2659414T3 (pl)
PL (1) PL3096585T3 (pl)
RU (1) RU2717955C2 (pl)

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CN110325060B (zh) 2016-12-27 2022-11-08 尤尔实验室有限公司 用于电子蒸发器的热芯吸部
JP6800072B2 (ja) * 2017-03-31 2020-12-16 アズビル株式会社 劣化診断方法
CN109561526B (zh) * 2017-09-26 2023-04-25 杜邦电子公司 加热元件和加热装置
DE102018104371A1 (de) * 2018-02-27 2019-08-29 Rational Aktiengesellschaft Dampfgenerator für ein Gargerät, Gargerät, Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines Füllzustandes eines Dampfgenerators sowie Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verkalkung eines Heizregisters in einem Dampfgenerator
WO2020006148A1 (en) 2018-06-26 2020-01-02 Juul Labs, Inc. Vaporizer wicking elements
DE102018213869B4 (de) 2018-08-17 2020-03-05 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Heizeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Heizeinrichtung
PT3664630T (pt) * 2018-10-15 2022-03-16 Juul Labs Inc Elemento de aquecimento
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KR20230164208A (ko) * 2018-11-29 2023-12-01 노보큐어 게엠베하 종양처리장을 전달하는 향상된 유연성 트랜스듀서 어레이
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CN112822798B (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-11-25 博宇（天津）半导体材料有限公司 一种立式陶瓷加热器
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2016118749A3 (pl) 2019-09-05
CN106196560A (zh) 2016-12-07
PL3096585T3 (pl) 2018-06-29
RU2717955C2 (ru) 2020-03-27
EP3096585A1 (de) 2016-11-23
RU2016118749A (ru) 2017-11-20
US20160341419A1 (en) 2016-11-24
CN106196560B (zh) 2022-07-05
ES2659414T3 (es) 2018-03-15

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