EP3091204A1 - Stromerzeugungssystem - Google Patents

Stromerzeugungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3091204A1
EP3091204A1 EP16168704.1A EP16168704A EP3091204A1 EP 3091204 A1 EP3091204 A1 EP 3091204A1 EP 16168704 A EP16168704 A EP 16168704A EP 3091204 A1 EP3091204 A1 EP 3091204A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammonia
carbon dioxide
heat exchanger
solution
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16168704.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maximo Pujol Latre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3091204A1 publication Critical patent/EP3091204A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/106—Ammonia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for the production of electrical energy comprising a thermodynamic working circuit employing carbon dioxide to obtain energy by means of a generator.
  • Patent DE19921336 describes a system for the production of energy comprising two thermodynamic circuits which operate together, each with a different transport fluid.
  • One of the circuits operates with carbon dioxide and the other with ammonia gas.
  • Each circuit features a heating means, a condenser and a compressor.
  • the carbon dioxide circuit includes the electricity generating turbine, which is driven by the carbon dioxide itself, which acts as the motive fluid.
  • the system described by the aforementioned patent combines the two circuits to obtain electrical energy by means of a fluid (the carbon dioxide) which presents the advantage that it is harmless to the environment. Furthermore, carbon dioxide is a working fluid which condenses at a temperature of approximately 0°C; for this reason it is possible to utilise the cooling capacity of a parallel ammonia evaporation circuit to condense it.
  • a fluid the carbon dioxide
  • the carbon dioxide gas is heated, prior to its entry into the generator, by means of low-grade thermal energy.
  • the energy yield of this system is still very low, as it requires the use of conventional compressors.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a high-performance system for the obtaining of electrical energy, presenting the advantages to be described below.
  • the present invention provides a system for the obtaining of electrical energy comprising a thermodynamic working circuit which employs carbon dioxide to obtain electrical energy by means of a generator, and which is characterised by the fact that the thermodynamic working circuit is associated in parallel with a secondary absorption and evaporation circuit of ammonia sized to condense, by means of a solution of ammonia in said circuit, the carbon dioxide gas arriving from a turbine associated with the generator, said system comprising a low-grade thermal energy recovery device sized to evaporate ammonia from the solution of ammonia in the secondary circuit, a fraction of the low-grade thermal energy captured by the device being susceptible to being used to evaporate the condensed carbon dioxide and to superheat the carbon dioxide gas in the working circuit.
  • the present invention provides an electricity generation unit or group comprising the system claimed for the obtaining of electrical energy by means of a generator coupled to the output shaft of a carbon dioxide expansion turbine.
  • the system claimed dispenses with conventional compressors and employs a parallel secondary circuit for the absorption and evaporation of ammonia to evaporate and condense the carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the system comprises a device for the recovery of low-grade thermal energy which enables the boosting of the physicochemical reaction which evaporates the ammonia gas from the solution of ammonia in the secondary circuit, significantly increasing the energy yield of the system.
  • the source of low-grade thermal energy recovered by the device may come from the residual heat of the exhaust gases of a motor or, for example, from the cooling of thermal power plants, on condition that these sources of heat surpass a temperature of 100°C.
  • the system claimed presents the advantage of operating under low-risk technical conditions (between 1 bar and 12 bar for the ammonia gas); the possibilities of leaks of this gas are therefore practically non-existent.
  • the carbon dioxide works at higher pressures, of up to 65 bar; however, in this case, being a fluid which is harmless to the environment, accidental leaks do not represent a problem.
  • the secondary gas absorption and evaporation circuit comprises a first heat exchanger employing a cooling fluid to condense the ammonia gas coming from the solution of ammonia or ammoniacal solution in the second circuit, a second heat exchanger to evaporate the condensed ammonia by means of the thermal energy provided by the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the electrical generator, and an absorption column for the ammonia gas evaporated in the second heat exchanger.
  • the second heat exchanger is sized to condense the carbon dioxide by means of the solution of ammonia arriving from the first heat exchanger, said second heat exchanger enabling the evaporation of the ammonia condensed in the first heat exchanger, by means of the thermal energy provided by the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the turbine associated with the electrical generator.
  • said secondary absorption and evaporation circuit comprises a third heat exchanger sized to evaporate the condensed carbon dioxide by means of the heat recovered by the solution of ammonia in contact with the recovery device.
  • the ammonia solution outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the ammonia absorption column.
  • the carbon dioxide evaporates while at the same time the solution of ammonia cools, which substantially improves the subsequent absorption of ammonia in the ammoniacal solution column.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide outlet from the second heat exchanger is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the third heat exchanger, while the ammonia gas outlet from said second heat exchanger is connected to another inlet of the ammonia gas absorption column.
  • the low-grade thermal energy recovery device comprises heat exchangers associated with a distillation apparatus to evaporate, by means of low-grade thermal energy, a fraction of the ammonia gas from the solution of ammonia in the secondary absorption and evaporation circuit.
  • the recovery device further comprises a second heat exchanger to use low-grade thermal energy to superheat the carbon dioxide gas at the inlet of the electrical generator or at the inlet of the turbine associated with the electrical generator.
  • the working pressure of the ammonia is between 1 bar and 12 bar, and the working pressure of the carbon dioxide is between 30 bar and 65 bar.
  • the concentration of ammonia gas in the solution of ammonia in the secondary absorption and evaporation circuit is between 35% and 45% by weight. However, if the temperature balance conditions vary, the concentration in the solution of ammonia would change.
  • low-grade thermal energy shall be understood, preferably, to be the thermal energy E derived from heat sources whose temperature does not surpass 150°C, advantageously industrial vapours and gases.
  • the system claimed enables the exploitation of this thermal energy, which is currently discarded and released into the environment.
  • the carbon dioxide circuit 1 reaches a maximum working pressure of 65 bar at 25°C in a gaseous state, and a pressure of 35 bar at 0°C during the expansion phase, in a liquid state.
  • a secondary circuit 2 is employed, with a solution of ammonia and water in an absorption and evaporation cycle working at a pressure of 2.5 bar at a temperature of -15°C, and at 12 bar at a temperature of 100°C.
  • the secondary circuit 2 features an absorption column 3 through which the solution of ammonia circulates from an inlet 3a to an outlet 3b.
  • the reaction temperature is maintained by means of a cooling fluid 3c, for example water.
  • the reaction time within the column 3 is that which is sufficient for the solution to reach a concentration of ammonia of 45% by weight at a working pressure of 2.5 bar at a temperature of 25°C, entailing a 10% increase in the concentration of ammonia gas in the solution in the secondary circuit 2.
  • an injector pump sends it at a pressure of 12 bar to a recovery device where this solution of ammonia is heated by means of a fraction of the low-grade thermal energy, enabling the separation of a fraction of the ammonia gas.
  • the recovery device includes a number of heat exchangers 5a, 5b, which are associated with an ammonia distillation apparatus 6. In this way, the physicochemical reaction which evaporates the gas from the solution of ammonia in the secondary circuit 2 is boosted.
  • the same device also includes another heat exchanger 5c which heats the carbon dioxide gas to 100°C at the inlet of the generator 8 by means of a fraction of the thermal energy E recovered.
  • the secondary circuit 2 includes;
  • heat exchangers 7, 9 of the secondary circuit 2 which evaporate and condense the carbon dioxide are configured in such a way that they force the carbon dioxide to circulate in the space between two concentric tubes 10a, 10b disposed very close together in order to ensure the heating or cooling the gas throughout its volumetric mass.
  • the liquid ammonia, or solution of ammonia or ammoniacal solution circulates through the interior of the tubes 10a and the exterior of the tubes 10b.
  • the condensed carbon dioxide is at a working pressure of 35 bar at a temperature of 0°C, while at the same heat exchanger 7, the evaporated ammonia gas exits at a working pressure of 2.5 bar and at a temperature of-15°C.
  • the third heat exchanger 9 receives the liquid carbon dioxide, injected by a second pump, and evaporates it to obtain carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 65 bar and a temperature of 25°C, while at the same heat exchanger 9, the solution of ammonia is maintained at a pressure of 12 bar, being cooled to 20°C prior to its ingress into the absorption column 3. In this way, the subsequent absorption of ammonia in the absorption column 3 is enhanced.
  • the flowrate of carbon dioxide in the working circuit 1 employed is 150 Kg/h, while the flowrate of the solution of ammonia in the secondary circuit 2 is 30 Kg/h, with a 10% difference in the concentration of ammonia during the cycle, which entails a circulation flowrate of 300 Kg/h of the solution of ammonia.
  • the energy necessary to close the cycle of the working circuit 1 is 5,230 Kcal/h, the low-grade thermal energy input being 11,752 Kcal/h, implying a theoretical thermal efficiency of the system estimated at 44.5%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
EP16168704.1A 2015-05-07 2016-05-09 Stromerzeugungssystem Withdrawn EP3091204A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201530623A ES2541581B1 (es) 2015-05-07 2015-05-07 Sistema de producción de energía eléctrica

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3091204A1 true EP3091204A1 (de) 2016-11-09

Family

ID=53542035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16168704.1A Withdrawn EP3091204A1 (de) 2015-05-07 2016-05-09 Stromerzeugungssystem

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3091204A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2541581B1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19921336A1 (de) * 1999-05-08 2000-12-07 Holder K Thermisches Kraftwerk
FR2916225A1 (fr) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-21 Barthelemy Guerin Moteur thermique a energie calorifique ambiante
EP2447483A2 (de) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-02 General Electric Company Rankine-Prozess, der mit einer Absorptionskälteanlage integriert ist
WO2014194400A1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Hybrid rankine cycle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8096128B2 (en) * 2009-09-17 2012-01-17 Echogen Power Systems Heat engine and heat to electricity systems and methods
US20120255302A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2012-10-11 Hugelman Rodney D Heating, cooling and power generation system
KR101345106B1 (ko) * 2011-12-20 2013-12-26 한국기계연구원 엑서지 효율이 향상된 초월임계 랭킨 사이클 열기관과 그 방법

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19921336A1 (de) * 1999-05-08 2000-12-07 Holder K Thermisches Kraftwerk
FR2916225A1 (fr) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-21 Barthelemy Guerin Moteur thermique a energie calorifique ambiante
EP2447483A2 (de) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-02 General Electric Company Rankine-Prozess, der mit einer Absorptionskälteanlage integriert ist
WO2014194400A1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Hybrid rankine cycle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2541581A1 (es) 2015-07-21
ES2541581B1 (es) 2016-04-26

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